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ObjectivesDescribe the function of the cell
nucleus
Describe the function of the major cell organelles
Describe the function of the cell wall
Describe the theory of Endosymbiosis
CytoskeletonThe cytoskeleton is a network of
protein filaments that help the cell maintain its shape
This also is involved in movementPrinciple protein filaments are:
MicrofilamentsMicrotubules
MicrofilamentsMicrofilaments:
Are made of the protein actin
Help the cell maintain its shape
Help cells movePseudopods are
temporary projections of eukaryotic cells
Microtubules Microtubules:
Important in cell division
Spindle fibers are bundles of microtubules that help move the chromosomes during cell division
In Animal cells centrioles located near the nucleus help in cell division
Cilia & FlagellaCilia & Flagella
7
Cytoskeleton is also used as a means of mobility. This unicellular algae have extensions of flagella that are anchored in the cell membrane.
8
Cilia
Connection: How does cilia help with the surface area issue? What is the cilia used for here in the trachea?
NucleusNuclear matrix helps it maintain its
shape
Control center or brain of the cell
Nuclear envelope surrounds the nucleus
The chromatin inside the nucleus condenses prior to cell division to form chromosomes
Small openings called nuclear pores allow RNA to pass from the nucleus to the cytosol
NucleolusNucleolusWhere ribosomes are Where ribosomes are
mademade
Tour of an Animal Cell .mov
Plant CellsPlant cells can have
three structures that animal cells do notCell wallsVacuolesPlastids
Cell WallCell WallAll cells are surrounded by a thin, All cells are surrounded by a thin,
flexible membraneflexible membrane
Plant cells also have a Plant cells also have a cell wallcell wall surrounding the membranesurrounding the membrane
PlastidsPlastids• Some store starch or fats, others Some store starch or fats, others
contain pigmentscontain pigments
Most common type is the chloroplastMost common type is the chloroplast
Surrounded by two membranes and Surrounded by two membranes and have their own DNAhave their own DNA
Capture energy from the sun and convert it Capture energy from the sun and convert it into chemical energy… into chemical energy… PhotosynthesisPhotosynthesis
Tour of a Plant Cell .mov
EndosymbiosisEndosymbiosis is a
hypothesis that states mitochondria and chloroplast were originally prokaryotes and that a symbiotic relationship evolved
Comparing Animal Cells to Plant
Cells
19
Similarities between Similarities between plant cells and animal plant cells and animal
cellscells
Both have a cell membrane surrounding the cytoplasm
Both have a nucleus
Both contain mitochondria
20
Differences between Differences between plant cells and animal plant cells and animal
cellscells
Animal cells Plant cells
Relatively smaller in size
Irregular Shape
No cell wall
Relatively larger in size
Regular shape
Cell wall present
ReviewDescribe the function of the cell
nucleusThe nucleus contains most of the
cells DNA and with it the codes instructions for making proteins and other important molecules
Describe the function of the major cell organellesNucleolus- where the assembly of
ribosomes begins
Review…Chloroplast- capture energy from
the sun and convert it into chemical energy (food)
Cytoskeleton- helps the cell maintain its shape and is involved in movement
Vacuoles- take up space and provide storage
Review…Describe the function of the cell
wallProvide support and protection for
the cell
Describe the theory of EndosymbiosisEndosymbiosis is a hypothesis that
states mitochondria and chloroplast were originally prokaryotes and that a symbiotic relationship evolved