Objectives

Objectives© Paradigm Publishing, Inc. 1 Objectives

© Paradigm Publishing, Inc. 2 Objectives

Chapter 26: Inserting Endnotes, Footnotes, and ReferencesPerformance Objectives

Create Footnotes and Endnotes CHECKPOINT 1 Create Citations and Bibliographies Insert a Works Cited Page or Bibliography CHECKPOINT 2


Create Footnotes and Endnotes

Research papers and reports generally contain information from a variety of sources.

To acknowledge and credit these sources, you can insert footnotes or endnotes in a document.

A footnote is an explanatory note or reference that is placed at the bottom of the page on which a source is referenced.

An endnote is also an explanatory note or reference, but it is placed at the end of a document.


Create Footnotes and Endnotes…continued

To insert a footnote:1. Click the References

tab.2. Click the Insert

Footnote button in the Footnotes group.

(continues in next slide)

Insert Footnote button



footnote text

3. Type the footnote text.



To insert an endnote:1. Click the References


Endnote button in the Footnotes group.

3. Type the endnote text.Insert Endnote button



When you print a document that contains footnotes, Word automatically reduces the number of text lines on a page by the number of lines in the footnote(s) plus the line separating the footnotes from the document text.

Word separates footnotes from document text with a 2-inch separator line that begins at the left margin.

If the page does not contain enough space, the footnote numbers and bibliographic text are moved to the next page.



To view footnotes:1. Click the References

tab.2. Click the Next

Footnote button in the Footnotes group.

Next Footnote button



When you move, copy, or delete footnote or endnote reference numbers, all remaining footnotes or endnotes are automatically renumbered.

Click the Footnotes group dialog box launcher and the Footnote and Endnote dialog box displays. At this dialog box, you can convert footnotes to endnotes and endnotes to footnotes, change the location of footnotes or endnotes, change the number formatting; start footnote or endnote numbering with a specific number, letter, or symbol; or change numbering within sections in a document.

Objectives© Paradigm Publishing, Inc. 10

CHECKPOINT 11) This is an explanatory note or

reference that is placed at the bottom of the page.a. footnoteb. endnotec. footerd. header

3) The Footnote button is located in which tab?a. Homeb. Insertc. Referencesd. Review

2) This is an explanatory note or reference that is placed at the end of the document.a. footnoteb. endnotec. footerd. header

4) Copy the footnote or endnote by holding down this key when dragging the reference number.a. F1b. Altc. Shiftd. Ctrl

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Create Citations and Bibliographies

In addition to using footnotes and endnotes to credit sources in a research paper or manuscript, consider inserting in-text citations and a works cited page to identify sources of quotations, ideas, and borrowed or summarized material.

An in-text citation acknowledges that you are borrowing information from a source rather than plagiarizing (stealing) the words or ideas of another.


Create Citations and Bibliographies…continued

Word provides three commonly used editorial styles for citing references in research papers and reports: the American Psychological Association (APA) reference

style, which is generally used in the social sciences and research fields;

the Modern Language Association (MLA) style, which is generally used in the humanities and English composition;

the Chicago Manual of Style (CMS), which is used both in the humanities and social sciences and is considered more complex than either the APA or MLA style.



When formatting a research paper or report in MLA or APA standards, you will need to follow certain guidelines for properly formatting the first page of the document.



With the MLA style, in the upper left corner of the first page of the document, you will need to insert your name, your instructor’s name, the course title, and the current date, all double-spaced.

Type the title of the document a double-space below the current date, and then center the document title.



When using APA style, the title page is located on a separate page from the body of the document.

On the title page, you need to include the title of your paper, your name, and your school’s name, all double-spaced, centered, and located in the upper half of the title page.

The title page also needs to include a header with the text Running Head: followed by the title of your paper in uppercase letters at the left margin, and the page number at the right margin.



To insert a new citation:1. Click the References

tab.2. Click the Insert Citation

button in the Citations & Bibliography group.

3. Click the Add New Source option at the drop-down list.

4. Type the necessary source information.

5. Click OK.

Add New Source option



Select the type of reference you want to citeby clicking this down-pointing arrow.

Type information about anew source in the fieldsof this dialog box.



To insert a citation with an existing source:1. Click the References


Citation button in the Citations & Bibliography group.

3. Click the desired source at the drop-down list.

existing source



To modify sources:1. Click the References

tab.2. Click the Manage

Sources button in the Citations & Bibliography group.

3. Edit, add, and/or delete sources.

4. Click Close.

Manage Sources button



Master List Current List



If you include a direct quote from a source, you will want to include quotation marks around all of the text borrowed from that source and insert, in the citation, the page number(s) of the quoted material.



To insert a page number in a citation:1. Click the citation to

display placeholder.2. Click the Citation

Options arrow.3. Click the Edit Citation

option.(continues on next slide)

Edit Citation option



4. Type the page number(s).5. Click OK.

page number


Insert a Works Cited Page or Bibliography

If you include citations in a report or research paper, you need to insert as a separate page a works cited page or bibliography at the end of the document.

A works cited page or bibliography is an alphabetic list of the books, journal articles, reports, or other sources referenced in the document.

When you type source information for citations, Word automatically saves information from all of the fields into a bibliography and works cited list, alphabetized by each author’s last name or the title of the work.


Insert a Works Cited Page or Bibliography…continued

To insert a works cited page or bibliography:1. Insert a new page at the

end of the document.2. Click the References tab.3. Click the Bibliography

button in the Citations & Bibliography group.

4. Click the desired predesigned works cited or bibliography option.

predesigned built-in works cited option



If you insert a new source at the Source Manager dialog box or modify an existing source, Word automatically inserts the source information in the works cited page or bibliography.

If you insert a new citation, which requires you to add a new source, Word will not automatically update the works cited page or bibliography.



To update the works cited page or bibliography:1. Click anywhere in the

works cited page or bibliography.

2. Click the Update Citations and Bibliography tab.

Update Citations and Bibliography tab



Reference styles have specific formatting guidelines. The formatting applied by Word to the works cited page or

bibliography may need to be changed to meet specific guidelines of the MLA, APA, or Chicago style.



MLA and APA styles require the following formatting guidelines for the works cited page or bibliography: Begin work cited or bibliography on a separate page after

the text of the report. Include the title “Work Cited” or “Bibliography” and center

the title. Double space between and within entries. Begin each entry at the left margin and hang indent second

and subsequent lines in each entry. Alphabetize the entries.



Reference styles have specific formatting guidelines. The formatting applied by Word to the works cited page or

bibliography may need to be changed to meet specific guidelines of the MLA, APA, or Chicago style.



To change the citation style:1. Click the References

tab.2. Click the down-

pointing arrow at the right of the Style option in the Citations & Bibliography group.

3. Click the desired style. Style option

Objectives© Paradigm Publishing, Inc. 32

CHECKPOINT 21) This reference style is generally

used in the social sciences and research fields.a. MLAb. APAc. CMSd. MAL

3) If you include a direct quote from a source, you will want to include these around the quote.a. quotation marksb. parenthesesc. commasd. asterisks

2) In this section, the Source Manager dialog box displays all of the citations you have created in Word.a. Current Listb. Source Listc. Master Listd. Main List

4) Insert this for a document formatted in the MLA style.a. works cited pageb. bibliographyc. cover paged. text box

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