Objectives 2-11.1.- Identify materials and construction features of doors 2-11.2.- Identify materials and construction features of windows 2-11.3.- Identify

ObjectivesObjectives

2-11.1.- Identify materials and construction features of doors

2-11.2.- Identify materials and construction features of windows

2-11.3.- Identify materials and construction features of roofs

2-11.4.- Identify materials and construction features of vertical barriers


2-11.5.- Identify and safely carry at least one of the following :– Cutting tool– Prying tool– Pulling tool– Striking tool


2-11.6.- Identify the procedures to use in forcing/opening the following– 2-11.6.1.- Doors– 2-11.6.2.- Windows– 2-11.6.3.- Ceilings– 2-11.6.4.- Roofs– 2-11.6.5.- Floors– 2-11.6.6.- Vertical barriers


2-11.7.- Identify the materials door/window locking devices are constructed of

2-11.8.- Identify the construction features of door/window locking devices

2-11.9.- Identify the procedures of through-the-lock- entry for doors and windows

2-11.10.- Identify the methods and procedures for cleaning/marinating/inspecting hand tools used in entry

ReferencesReferences

IFSTA Essentials of Fire Fighting, 3rd edition,

pages 173-203 pages 218-228

Situations Requiring Forcible Situations Requiring Forcible EntryEntry

Areas that are:– Locked– Blocked– Not provided or non-existent

Fire Service Functions Fire Service Functions Associated with Forcible EntryAssociated with Forcible EntryRescueVentilationAccess to victims, downed firefighters or

fire areaLocked or blocked egressesFire AttackOverhaul/SalvageEscape

Cautions and ProceduresCautions and ProceduresTRY BEFORE YOU PRYStand to the side when breaking glassBeware of falling glassBlock doors and windows openBlock overhead doors in up positionWatch for electrical wires and pipesWatch for flying chips and sharp edgesWear full protective clothing

2-11.1.2-11.1.OBJECTIVEOBJECTIVE

Doors

DefinitionsDefinitions

Jamb- a side post or side of a doorway or window

Rabbet- a recess or groove in or near the edge of one piece of wood or other material that will receive the edge of another piece

Stile- A vertical side piece in a doorway or window sash

Types of DoorsTypes of Doors

Swinging doors– Single– Double

Revolving doors– Panic-proof– Drop arm– Metal-braced

DoorsDoors

Sliding doorsOverhead doors

– Sectional/folding– Rolling steel– Slab

DoorsDoors

Fire doors– Horizontal – Vertical– Single– Double– Overhead

Materials Used for DoorsMaterials Used for Doors

WoodMetal

– Aluminum– Steel

Glass- TemperedFiberglass

Construction FeaturesConstruction Featuresof Doorsof Doors

Wooden Swinging DoorsPanelSlab

– Hollow Core– Solid Core

Ledge/Batten

Metal Swinging DoorsMetal Swinging Doors

Hollow metalMetal CoveredTubularGenerally not forced if in a metal jamb due

to time factor

Fire DoorsFire Doors

Class A openingsClass B openingsSelf-closingAutomatic closing

JambsJambs

RabbetedStopped

WindowsWindowsOBJECTIVEOBJECTIVE

2-11.2.

Types of WindowsTypes of Windows

Checkrail/Double-hungCasement/HingedProjected/FactoryAwning & JalousieLexan PlasticScreened or Barred

Materials Used for WindowsMaterials Used for Windows

WoodMetalScreensBarsWire MeshIron Grating

Construction FeaturesConstruction Features

Checkrail– Two sashes– Checkrail (center)

Casement– Hinged on side– Swing outward– Operating mechanism

Crank lever


Projected– Out– In– Pivoted

Center Top Bottom


Awning– 1 foot glass– Metal/wood frame

Jalousie– 4 inch glass– No frame

Lexan– Self-extinguishing– Glass substitute


Screened or Bars– Wire meshed guards

Hinged top or side Fitted into brackets

– Heavy metal bars

2-11.3.2-11.3. RoofsRoofsOBJECTIVEOBJECTIVE

Types of RoofsTypes of Roofs

FlatPitchedArched

Materials Used for RoofsMaterials Used for Roofs

Coverings– Wood shingles– Composition roofing pepper– Tile– Slate– Synthetic membrane– Tar & gravel

Construction MaterialsConstruction Materials

WoodMetalPrecast GypsumPoured Reinforced concreteLightweight concrete

FeaturesFeaturesFlat

– Joists covering Sheathing Poured concrete Lightweight concrete Precast gypsum Precast concrete slab

– Coverings altered Chimneys Vent pipes

FeaturesFeatures Shafts Scuttles Skylights

Pitched– Timber rafters– Metal trusses– Sheathing boards– Gypsum slabs– Wood trusses

Arched– Bow-string truss– Truss less arch

2-11.4.2-11.4.OBJECTIVEOBJECTIVE

Vertical Barriers

Materials of WallsMaterials of Walls

Masonry & VeneeredMetal & Prefabed metalWood frame

– Exterior siding Clapboard Board & batten Asbestos shingles Stucco Vinyl Metal

Materials of WallsMaterials of Walls

Partition– Hollow clay tile– Covered wood– Covered metal– Solid block construction


Metal walls– Sheets– Sections– Panel– Wood or metal studs

Wood frame– Studs– Masonry & veneered walls

2-11.5. 2-11.5. ToolsTools

OBJECTIVEOBJECTIVE

Different Types & ClassesDifferent Types & Classes

Cutting– Metal cutting– Handsaws– Power saws– Hydraulic

Prying– Hydraulic

Striking Pushing/Pulling

Forcing locks Padlocks

ToolsTools

Gas powerHydraulic powerManualAir compressorOxyacetylene

Cutting ToolsCutting Tools

Manual– Axe

Flat head Pick head

– Handsaw Carpenter Hacksaw Coping Keyhole

Bolt cutters Wire cutter

Cutting ToolsCutting Tools

Power– Saws

Circular Reciprocating Chain

Oxyacetylene Torch

Prying ToolsPrying Tools

Hand prying– Pry-axe– Halligan– Crowbar– Claw tool– Pry bar– Kelly tool– Spanner– Quic-bar

Power prying– Hydraulic spreaders– Rabbet tool

Pushing/Pulling ToolsPushing/Pulling Tools

Manual– Pike poles– Plaster hooks

Power– Hydraulic rams

Striking ToolsStriking Tools Axes Battering rams Ram bars Punchers Hammers Picks Sledgehammer Chisels Center punches Mauls

Carrying ToolsCarrying Tools

Close to bodyPoints protected

Tools Cautions & ProceduresTools Cautions & Procedures

TRY BEFORE YOU PRYCarry tool safely (no running on scene)Use tools safelyRight tool for the jobKeep tools cleanMaintain and store properlyWear eye/hearing protectionDO NOT remove power tool safety guards

Saw Blade MaintenanceSaw Blade Maintenance

Keep cleanKeep sharpenedKeep them lightly oiledDo not interchange different manufactures

bladesStore in clean, dry placeDO NOT store where gasoline fumes

accumulate (destroys carbon & composite blades)

OBJECTIVEOBJECTIVE

2-11.6.1.

Doors

Opening DoorsOpening Doors

TRY BEFORE PRYIf door is locked

– examine construction– determine method of operation– examine lock– Force? Find other methods of entry?– Use easiest, quickest, and least damaging

method.

Forcible Entry ProceduresForcible Entry ProceduresDoors

– TRY BEFORE YOU PRY

Swinging toward Firefighter– insert blade of tool between door jamb and lock– force blade in against the rabbet or stop by working and

pushing tool– pry tool away from the door to move the door and the

jamb apart– pull door open or pry open with another tool when the

lock has cleared its keeper

Forcible Entry ProceduresForcible Entry Procedures

Swinging away from Firefighter– break glass– stand to the windward side of the glass pane to

be broken– strike tool at the top of the pane, keeping hands

above the point of impact– remove ALL glass including jagged pieces

from the sash with axe or other appropriate tool

Forcible Entry ProceduresForcible Entry ProceduresBreak lockStopped jamb

– bump the cutting edge of tool against stop to break paint or varnish so blade can be inserted

– loosen stop at the lock or remove stop completely– start blade between door and jamb– make initial pry only after the blade is halfway in, this is

to permit the blade to be worked and pushed


– With full bite behind door pry door away from jamb until bolt passes keeper


Rabbeted Jamb– lay blade of tool flat against door, insert blade

between rabbet and door– make short pries with first tool to spread jamb– work blade of second tool between door and

jamb, hammering blade well into opening– with full bite behind door, pry door away from

jamb until bolt passes keeper


Inward w/ Rabbit Tool– Insert rabbit tool jaws next to lock between stop and

door– Place one foot on leg of pump while holding jaws in

place with hand– Grasp pump handle with free hand– Pump portable hydraulic pump while maintaining a

grip on back of jaws to prevent slipping out of position, as the tool spreads be cautious as door will “spring” open suddenly

Forcible Entry ProceduresForcible Entry ProceduresDouble Swinging Door

– pry apart– remove bar– cut door panel– break glass

Revolving Door– Collapse doors

Panic proof Push/press door wings in opposite direction


– Drop arm locate pawl press pawl to disengage it from arm push wing to one side

– Metal-braced locate arms that look like gate hook with an eye force a side door


Sliding Doors– Break glass

Overhead Doors– pry upward at bottom– knock out panel and turn latch– cut opening in door and remove lock- “V” Cut– Knock out panel and pull motor release chain– Rolling steel doors are best opened by cutting it open

with power saw

OBJECTIVEOBJECTIVE

WINDOWS

2-11.6.2.

Windows– Checkrail windows w/ lock in the center

Forcing the window– TRY BEFORE YOU PRY

– Place prying tool in center of window

– apply downward pressure until lock is pulled from checkrail

Break glass



Casement Windows– Break lowest pane of glass, clean out jagged

edges– Force or cut screen in same area– Reach in and upward to unlock– Operate crank or levers at bottom– Remove screen completely and enter


Projected windows– Break pane of glass nearest locking mechanism,

clean out sharp and jagged edges– Reach in unlock latch– Pivot window outward


Awning and Jalousie Windows– Stand to windward side of glass pane to be

broken– Strike tool at the top of panel, keeping hands

above point of impact – Repeat steps until a large enough opening has

been made– Remove jagged pieces from the frames with a

tool


Lexan Glass– Cut with power saw

Barred or Screened Windows– Barred

Strike bars with sledgehammer about 10” above the sill

Strike the sill with a sledge hammer opposite the end of the bar

Use hammer-head pick to crack masonry


– Gratings or Wire Mesh Force with pick head axe Cut with Plasma Torch or saw

OBJECTIVEOBJECTIVE

2-11.6.3.

CEILINGS


Ceilings– Position yourself between area to be opened

and an escape route– Break plaster in the area to be pulled– Use a pike pole to hook and pull lath & plaster,

wire mesh, gypsum board, ceiling tiles– Pull down and away

CEILINGSCEILINGS

Be advised, just as with our current fire stations, just because there is a drop ceiling or any other type, this does not mean that there is no other ceiling concealed beyond what you can see!

OBJECTIVEOBJECTIVE

ROOFS

2-116.4.


Roofs– Remove covers from existing structures on roof

Skylights Scuttle hatches Monitors Ventilation shafts Stairway openings

ROOFSROOFS

In some cases electrical wiring, gas lines, and other utilities may be located directly under rafters, you must use CAUTION!

Forcible Entry ProceduresForcible Entry ProceduresFlat Roofs

– Determine where opening needs to be– Locate roof supports by sounding with axe– Mark location for opening by scoring a line on

the roof surface with pick head of axe– Remove built up roof material by using pick

head or halligan bar and move material out of the way

– Never throw shingles off of the roof, there are people working below you


– Cut wood decking diagonally alongside joist toward hole

– Pry up roof boards


Pitched Roofs– Locate where opening needs to made– Place roof ladder on roof s you are upwind

from hole– Locate roof supports by sounding with axe– Mark location by scoring a line with tool– Rip off shingles or roofing felt sufficiently to

permit initial cut to be made


– Cut sheathing alongside rafter the distance required for hole

– Cut opposite side of opening– Remove sheathing boards with a tool

OBJECTIVEOBJECTIVE

2-11.6.5.

FLOORS


Floors– Wood

Determine location for hole Sound floor joists and find exact location Cut one side of finished floor by using angle cuts Cut other side of finished floor Remove flooring or floor covering with a tool Cut all sides of sub flooring using same angle cuts Remove boards from subfloor

FLOORSFLOORS

Joist usually run 16” on center. This means that it is 16” from the center of the board, to the center of the board


Concrete Floors– Cut with jackhammer– Saws with masonry blades– Penetrating nozzles– Usually not done due to obvious labor and time

involved

OBJECTIVEOBJECTIVE

2-11.6.6.

VERTICAL BARRIERS


Walls (vertical barriers)– Masonry/Veneered

Use power tools Use battering ram to clear material

– Metal Select location for hole Position saw next to studs Make opening as neat as possible


– Wood Frame Remove siding Sound wall for studs Cut along stud Remove siding Be cautious for electrical wiring and pipes


Partition Walls– Select location of opening– Look for blistered paint or bubbling wallpaper– Check for electrical wall plugs and switches– Select appropriate tool(s)– Locate the studs by sounding– Cut along studs with a tool

Special Forcible Entry Special Forcible Entry ProceduresProcedures

Basements/Sub-BasementsVault and Vault Type DoorsFences and Property BarriersPadlocks


Vault type doors, Basements, Sub-basements– Cautious for electrical vaults, oxygen deficient

atmosphere, explosive atmospheres


Fences/Roll Down Shutters/Gates– Use torch or saws

Padlocks– Use torch, saw, or bolt cutters

OBJECTIVEOBJECTIVE

2-11.7.

Identify the Materials Used for Construction of Locking Devices

Construction Materials of Construction Materials of Locking DevicesLocking Devices

Door locks/Bars– Metal– Wood

Windows– Metal – Plastic

OBJECTIVEOBJECTIVE

Construction Features of Locking Devices

2-11.8.

Construction Features of Construction Features of Locking DevicesLocking Devices

Door Locks– Keeper is mortised into jamb– Bolt or bar protrudes from door

Window Locks– Latch on wood– Latch on metal frame

OBJECTIVEOBJECTIVE

THROUGH THE LOCKTHROUGH THE LOCK

A-TOOL– Force the jaws of A-Tool around and behind

protruding rim of cylinder– Gouge out wood around cylinder for a better bite– Use curved head and long handle to pull cylinder– Insert either straight or bent end of key tool into

hub of luck and turn


– if for any reason this fails and it is a rim lock, insert straight end of A-Tool through hole and drive lock off the door with an axe


K-TOOL– Force K-Tool behind cylinder ring and face of

cylinder until wedging blades take a bite into cylinder(Light blows w/ a tool might help)

– Insert hooligan tool in metal loop on front– Apply downward pressure until lock is pulled

out– Use key tool to trip locking mechanism


Windows– Pry out screws– Break glass

OBJECTIVEOBJECTIVE

2-11.10.

CARE and MAINTAINANCE of TOOLS

CareCare

CleanInspectMaintain

CleaningCleaning

Remove construction materialsDry

InspectInspect

Check wooden components– cracks– rot– splinters

Check metal components– cracks– rust– chips

InspectInspect

Belts for cutsCheck for obvious damageCheck cutting surfaces for sharpness

MaintenanceMaintenanceWood surfaces should be coated with boiled

linseed oil to prevent drying outFiberglass should be patchedMetal surfaces should be lightly oiledPower tools should be serviced regularlyAxe heads should be checked for

– body thickness– sharpness of blades

MaintenanceMaintenanceWood handles

– Heads on tight– Do not paint

Cutting edges– No nicks– File edges, but not to a razor sharp state

Metal surfaces– No rust– Oil it– NO paint

MaintenanceMaintenance

– Keep free of burrs

Power equipment– service regularly– check cords if electric– follow manufactures recommendations for

upkeep

Documents

Objectives 2-11.1.- Identify materials and construction features of doors 2-11.2.- Identify materials and construction features of windows 2-11.3.- Identify