Objective Home Science At a Glance (For ASRB-ARS Pre, ICAR-NET, ICAR-SRF, ICAR-JRF, UGC-NET and Other Competitive Examinations)

Shanti Balda Deepak Kumar Verma P.K. Prabhakar Ritu Mittal Preeti Sharma Sarita Saini Rupal Babel Hemu Rathore Manideep Kaur

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Author’s and Contributor’s Page

Shanti Balda is Professor of Human Development and Family Studies at IC College of Home Sciences, Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar (Haryana) - 125 004, INDIA. She headed the Department of Human Development and Family Studies for a period of four years. She received her M.Sc. degree in Child Development from Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar (Haryana) - 125 004, INDIA. In 1994, she was recipient of the Australian Development Cooperation Scholarship for PhD study from Queensland University

of Technology, Brisbane, Australia. She received the Best Teacher Award for involvement in teaching and research activities in 2006-07. In master’s her area of specialization was Child Development and in PhD her specialization was Early Childhood Education. She has guided more than fifteen M.Sc. and PhD students. She has taught a wide range of Under Graduate and Postgraduate courses. Currently, she is working on a research project “Childhood Aggression and its Management”. Her activities and involvement includes international and national conferences, seminars, workshops, trainings and the publication of research articles and chapters in books. In addition, she has compiled course manuals for the use of under graduate and post graduate students. She is a member of various scientific and professional societies.

Deepak Kumar Verma is an agricultural science professional and is currently PhD Research Scholar in the specialization of Food Processing Engineering at Agricultural and Food Engineering Department, Indian Institute of Technology (IIT), Kharagpur (WB) – 721 302, INDIA. In 2012, He received a fellowship grant DST-INSPIRE Fellowship for PhD study by the Department of Science & Technology (DST), Ministry of Science and Technology, Govt. of India. Mr. Verma was earned M. Sc. (Ag.) in Agricultural Biochemistry in 2011 with First rank and also received a department topper award from the Department of Agricultural

Biochemistry, Chandra Shekhar Azad University of Agricultural and Technology, Kanpur (UP) – 208 002. During master, his area of specialization was being Agricultural-Biochemistry. Thus, he has built-up a sound background not only in Plant Biochemistry but also in other areas including Plant Physiology, Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Plant Pathology, Microbiology. His activities and accomplishments include conferences, seminar, workshop, training and also the publication of research articles, books and book’s chapter.

vi Objective Home Science At a Glance

P.K. Prabhakar is a research professional in Agricultural and Food Engineering Department at IIT Kharagpur. He served as an Assistant Professor (Food Engineering) at the National Institute of Food Technology Entrepreneurship and Management, Kundli, Sonepat – 131 028, Haryana, and taught Engineering Properties of Bio-materials and Fruits & Vegetable Process Engineering courses to B. Tech. and M. Tech. students. Mr. Prabhakar earned his B. Tech. in Agricultural Engineering from Rajendra Agricultural University, Pusa, Samastipur-848 125, Bihar and M. Tech. (Food

Process Engineering) from Agricultural and Food Engineering Department, Indian Institute of Technology (IIT), Kharagpur (WB) – 721 302, INDIA. He obtained MHRD Fellowship for post-graduate study and has been awarded UGC fellowship for doctoral education in India. He has qualified ASRB-NET in 2014. His research interest has involved Food Engineering and Rheology. His major activities and accomplishments

include publication of review and research articles, conferences, seminars and workshop.

Ritu Mittal is presently working as Assistant Professor in the department of Home Science Extension and Communication Management, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, Punjab, India. She has around fifteen years of experience in the field of extension, research and teaching. Her field of specialization is communication management, capacity building and women entrepreneurship. She has worked as an Associated Scientist on a project sponsored by the World Bank. Presently she is handling a project sponsored by DST. She has published twelve research

papers, fifteen popular articles and several book chapters. She has presented research papers in several International and National conferences/ seminars. She has taught many of the undergraduate courses and is the member of University SRF Examination preparation committee.

Preeti Sharma is presently working as Assistant Professor in the department of Home Science Extension and Communication Management, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, Punjab, India. She has thirteen years of experience in the field of extension, research and teaching. Her field of specialization is women empowerment, capacity building, entrepreneurship and water management. She has worked on several projects sponsored by ICAR, DST on different positions. Presently she is handling two projects sponsored by DST and UGC. She has published one book

entitled “Entrepreneurial activities of SHGs: Instrumental for the empowerment of rural women.” She has authored seven book chapters and published fourteen research papers and several popular articles. She has presented research papers in several International and National conferences/ seminars. She has taught many of the undergraduate courses and is the member of University JRF Examination preparation committee. She has been

Author's and Contributior's Page vii

awarded with several awards such as University Gold Medal for PhD research, Ganga Singh Chauhan Memorial Award for meritorious research work in the field of Extension Education, Junior research fellowship and Senior research fellowship by Indian Council of Agricultural Research for M.Sc. and Ph.D. degrees.

Sarita Saini is a Human Development specialist engaged in teaching, research and extension for the last 18 years at Punjab Agricultural University Ludhiana. She obtained her Bachelors’, Masters’ and Doctorate degrees from College of Home Science, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana. She is a recipient of the University Gold Medal for securing First Position in B.Sc. Home Science in the year 1986-87 and recipient of Jawaharlal Nehru Memorial Fund Prize for outstanding Academic Performance in B.Sc. in the year 1986-87. She is also a recipient of Merit scholarship in her B.Sc. and M.Sc. Classes. Dr. (Mrs.) Saini is a member of many

National and International Professional Societies such as the National Society of Home Scientists of State Agricultural Universities, Home Science Association of India, Indian Association for Pre-School Education, Indian Science Congress Association and Punjab Academy of Sciences. She has acted as an Examiner and Paper Setter for various universities from time to time. She has more than 35 research papers and 25 extension articles to her credit. She has co-authored two books viz. ‘Behaviour, Needs and Management of Special Children’ and ‘Development during Early Years’. She has also co-authored three Reference Manuals for UG teaching. Apart from her dedicated involvement in her professional duties relating to Teaching, Research and Extension, she had been NSS Programme officer for the Girls Unit of College of Home Science for three years. She has also been Principal Investigator of a research project sponsored by the Indian Council of Social Science Research (ICSSR), New Delhi.

Rupal Babel is a Home science professional and is doctorate in Textiles and Apparel Designing. She is presently working as Assistant Professor with Deptt. of Textiles and Apparel Designing, College of Home Science, Maharana Pratap University of Agriculture and Technology, Udaipur (Rajasthan) – 313001, INDIA. She has 14 years of experience in teaching UG and PG students along with original contributions in the field of Research and Extension. She was the recipient of several Medals, Scholarships and Fellowships during student career. Her activities and accomplishments include conferences, seminars, workshops,

trainings and also the publication of research articles, books and book’s chapter. She is a life member of many Professional organizations. She is full of enthusiasm and has willingness to constantly update herself in the subject.

viii Objective Home Science At a Glance

Hemu Rathore is an Assistant Professor in the Department of Family Resource Management at the Maharana Pratap University of Agriculture and Technology, Udaipur, Rajasthan. She received her B.Sc. in Home Science from the Mohanlal Sukhadia University, Udaipur and her Ph.D. in Indoor Air quality management from the Department of Family Resource Management at the Maharana Pratap University of Agriculture and Technology, Udaipur, Her research interests involve empowerment of farm women through Ergonomics, Drudgery reduction and technological interventions. .

She has taught courses in Interior designing and decoration, work and work station design at both undergraduate and graduate levels. In addition, she has written booklets in on work simplification, drudgery reducing tools, occupational health and safety in agriculture, which are aimed for empowering and enhancing quality of life among women farmers. She is a co-author of books on Home Science at a Glance and Drudgery of Farm Women its assessment and management.

Manideep Kaur a specialist in Clothing & Textiles with Home Science background, did her Master’s degree in Clothing and Textiles with merit from Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana in 2004. She is a University Colour holder for her achievements in Sports. In her 6 years of research & teaching, she developed Eco Friendly Block Printing Paste and Holi Colours. She visited more than 100 textile manufacturing units to observe their Waste Management Practices and suggested ways to reduce the waste thus increasing their profits and contributed towards having a safe environment. She was

awarded for the Best Poster Presentation in national seminar of SHSARI on empowerment of women: emerging challenges in 2010. Her accomplishments include various conferences, seminar, workshop, training and also the publication of research articles.

Preface

Home science is offered as a discipline, but is more a subject of study with the rapid change in the International and National scenario. In colleges/ institutes/ universities etc., the study of home science offers with aiming at preparing future housewives for aristocratic families. Thus, it can be referred as the science of House Craft and Domestic, at where, have an eminent place even for women at colleges/ institutes/ universities etc. level. Home Science is a popular subject offers three most cherished goals, namely: 1) Around development of the personalities of the members in home & family. 2) Preparation for career. 3) Ability to manage homes and families, at various levels of education and in various programs of education, development and welfare viz. Foods and Nutrition; Family Resource Management; Human Development and Family Studies; Textile and Apparel Designing; Home Science Extension and Community Management. The study of Home Sciences has undergone with tremendous changes in the past few decades in all above mentioned areas and also increase in the information technology, the world has shrunken to a global village. The multi-nationals have invaded the homes thus, new carriers are emerging and greater competition between different job venues is coming up. Home Science as a field is firmly embedded in the agriculture and is extremely useful in enhancing the status of women and children. In India, Indian Council of Agriculture Research (ICAR) is playing a pivotal role and Agriculture Scientist Recruitment Board (ASRB) playing a key role in the development of home science education and research in addition of agriculture by selecting world class scientist in this field. And another side, the University Grant Commission (UGC) has the unique distinction of being the only grant-giving agency in the country which has been vested with two responsibilities: that of providing funds and that of coordination, determination and maintenance of standards in institutions of higher education. Thus, need to be re-looked and revamped to withstand the competition from other upcoming avenues of jobs as well as the changing needs of farm and working families. Therefore the present book ‘Objective HOME SCIENCE At a Glance’ will be an asset in preparation and qualifying ASRB, UGC-NET, ICAR examination by covering objective questions and answers to prepare good Scientist and Expertise in all fields of home science by covering its wide fields of knowledge.

“Objective HOME SCIENCE At a Glance” is a multiple choice question book specially designed to improve the knowledge of students and to provide them a powerful knowledge and feedback in their progress and future opportunities. Thus, primarily this book can serve as a self-assessment guide for the students who are preparing for competitive examinations specially UGC-NET, ICAR-ARS Pre, ICAR-NET, ICAR-SRF, ICAR-JRF, SAU’s etc. And secondly, meant for those

x Objective Home Science At a Glance

who appearing for UG, PG study in home science colleges/ institutes/ universities etc. The questions of this book are compiled from standard textbooks on Child Development, Foods and Nutrition, Home Management/Family Resource Management and Home Science Extension Education, Textiles and Clothing with the syllabus of UGC-NET, ICAR-ARS Pre, ICAR-NET, ICAR-SRF, ICAR-JRF, SAU’s and other competitive examinations. The main objective of this book is to help students enrich their powerful knowledge of different areas of home science because it is essential for the development of students in the area of home science.

We hope that this book certainly will increase the knowledge of different discipline in home sciences, cracking examinations in various fields/subject (Foods and Nutrition; Family Resource Management; Human Development and Family Studies; Textile and Apparel Designing; Home Science Extension and Community Management) that are essential now a day to provide complete knowledge for the proper accurate, reliable and quicker assessment. This book will also be very useful for teachers and researchers, related to home science subject to stimulate the success to the student’s career.

We request and welcome our esteemed readers of this book to send their valuable suggestions and expectations in further improvement of this book in the next issue.

Authors

ICAR-ARS Pre and ICAR-NET Syllabus HOME SCIENCE

Unit 1:- Human Nutrition, Health and Interventions.

Balanced diet-Food groups, Food pyramid. Macro and micro nutrients in human nutrition-Carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, vitamins, minerals and water - requirements, sources, functions, metabolism and effects of deficiency and toxicity of the nutrients. Nutrients interrelationship. Inborn errors of metabolism. Phytochemicals, antioxidants, prebiotics and probiotics, functional foods and nutraceuticals. Drug and nutrient interaction. Diet & nutritional therapy in disorders of obesity, underweight, gastro intestinal tract, kidney, liver, heart, lungs, cancer, diabetes mellitus, food allergies and intolerances, Major Public Health and Nutritional problems in India-Causes, magnitude and distribution. Assessment of Community Nutritional status by Standard methods. National Nutrition Policy, National and International organizations programmes to combat malnutrition. Nutritional epidemiology, Public health aspects of human nutrition. Objectives, Principles and Importance of Nutrition education, Nutrition monitoring and Surveillance.

Unit 2:- Food Science and Processing Technologies

Need & Scope of Food Science, Physico-chemical properties of foods, Methods of cooking-merits & demerits, factors affecting cooking. Sensory evaluation and Consumer acceptability, Food fortification, enrichment and supplementation. Food additives and Preservatives. Anti-nutritional factors & Toxicants in foods. Food hygiene and sanitation, Food-borne illnesses, infections and food poisoning. Food Adulteration, Food Standards, Laws & Regulations for food safety. Post-harvest losses, food spoilage and its causes. Food Processing techniques, effects on nutritional value, food packaging and labeling. Quantitative and Qualitative changes during post-harvest handling and processing of foods. Principles and methods of food processing, drying, concentration, freezing, cryogenic freezing fermentation, irradiation, canning, sterilization, pasteurization. Processing & packaging techniques for cereals, millets and legumes, milk and milk products, fruits and vegetables, nuts and oilseeds, meat, fish and poultry. Role of warehousing corporation and Food Corporation of India on post-harvest conservation. Storage of perishable and non-perishable foods, traditional and modern food storage.

xii Objective Home Science At a Glance

Unit 3 : Textile Science, Fashion Designing and Garment Production

Natural and Man-made fibers: Classification and Processing. Textile testing and Quality Control, importance of textile and apparel testing; textile performance standards and various organizations associated. Fibre, yarn and fabric testing, Dyes and Pigments - classification dyeing techniques (solution dyeing, fibre dyeing, yarn dyeing, piece and garment dyeing), resist dyeing. Methods of printing (block, screen, stencil, roller, transfer printing and batik). Principles of weaving - basic weaves, (plain, twill and satin), decorative/fancy weaves (jacquard, dobby, leno, double cloth, warp and weft figuring, pile weave). Knitting (principles, classification and knitting machines). Technological advances in dyeing and printing. Finishes- Principles and methods of washing and finishing. Stain removal. Care and Storage of clothes. Anthropometric measurements (importance and techniques); clothing construction (basic principles of drafting, flat pattern and draping methods), flat pattern making, principles of pattern making, draping; standards, grading and alteration of basic block; Clothing requirements for different age groups, factors affecting clothing choices and fashion trends. Use of CAD in textile industry. Role and importance of textile and garment industry in Indian economy. Marketing of textiles and clothing- Price determination (different methods of pricing), Export and import procedure and policies, Sale promotion techniques. Status of Textile and Apparel industries in the Global Scenario.

Unit 4 : Human Development and Family Dynamics

Stages of human development (prenatal development stage, infancy, early childhood, middle childhood, adolescence, early and middle adulthood, old age and maturity). Physical, emotional, intellectual, social, moral, language and personality development. Role of family, school and peer interaction in the development of the child. Theories of child/human development with special reference to cognitive development theories. Socio-cultural aspects of population growth and population policies. Developmental programmes for women and children. Status of women in India, rights of women and children, national policy for children, national commission for women. Marriage - concept and meaning. Readiness for marriage-physiological, social, psychological and others. Premarital association, premarital guidance and counseling. Approaches to study family-developmental social, psychological and educational. Family planning. Legal aspects: laws regarding marriage, adoption, divorce, inheritance. Children with special needs (types of impairments: physical, visual, auditory, mental retardation, cerebral palsy, speech defects, and learning disabilities). Special education for children with developmental challenge. Trends and issues in early childhood care and education. Parent and community education. Theories of Personality development. Pubertal changes and effects on personality development. Developmental tasks of adolescence and problems faced.

ICAR-ARS Pre and ICAR-NET Syllabus xiii

Unit 5 : Family Resource Management and Consumer Science

Systems approach to Family Resource Management, Concept, Planning, Resources, management processes communication. Art principles and Interior enrichment, Housing and Space design, household energy and equipment, Family finance and Consumer education. Process of management. Decision making process. Application of management process to time, money and energy for work simplification. Application of Mundel’s classes of change in household work, agricultural and allied tasks. Energy crisis, its causes and implications for energy management in homes. Equipment, tools and accessories for rural and urban houses. Guidelines for budgeting. Banking, e-banking and insurance. Credit. Consumer rights, Consumer Protection Act and other laws. Elements and principles of art and their application in interior decoration. Design and its type. Colour-its importance in interior decoration, colour theories, colour schemes and their application in interior decoration. Furniture and household furnishing-types, selection, care and maintenance. Wall and window types treatments. Floor and floor coverings. Lighting-functions, natural and artificial light. Flower arrangement, tools and accessories used. Functional design and arrangement of work places for different occupational activities. Ergonomic designing of furniture and equipment. Determining physiological cost of work. Planning interiors for people with special needs. Environment and health hazards due to pollution. Concepts of household and farm waste and its utilization techniques. Environmental education and rain water harvesting.

Unit 6: Home Science Extension and Communication Methods

Home Science extension education: concept, principles, philosophy, objectives and approaches. Genesis of rural development programmes in India. Community Development and Integrated Rural Development- concept, principles and objectives. Relationship between family and community development. Gender sensitivity in extension education programmes. Leadership-concept, types, identification, training and mobilizing local leaders for community participation. Problems of women leaders. Panchayati Raj-philosophy, concept, functioning and scope. Extension methods and audio-visual aids. classification, selection, use and production. Modularized communication- concept, approach, need , process of designing instruction for transfer of communication. Concept, functions, key elements, theories and models of communication. Barriers to communication. Revolution in communication strategies. Advanced techniques in mass communication and soft-ware production. Participatory communication – theories and models, designing and developing participatory massage. Concept, need and constraint of community based learning. Concept, steps, principles and theories of programme planning. Application of programme planning for Home Science Extension through PERT and CPM. Evaluation – concept, significance, methods and tools for monitoring and evaluation. Development programmes, viz. Integrated

xiv Objective Home Science At a Glance

Rural Development Programme (IRDP), Development of Women and Children in Rural Areas (DWCRA), Training of Rural Youth for Self Employment (TRYSEM), Krishi Vigyan Kendras (KVKs). Role of Nongovernmental Organizations (NGOs) in extension, SWOT analysis of development programmes. Programmes and agencies promoting women as entrepreneurs. Types and techniques of training for developing entrepreneurial activities in Home Science areas. Self Help Groups- concept, organization, mobilization and functioning of SHGs for sustainability. Human Resource Development- concept, need and strategies.

ICAR-SRF Syllabus

CHILD DEVELOPMENT

Section 1

Major factors influence human growth and development. Principles of human growth and development. Study and analysis of significant areas of development; physical and motor aspects, cognitive processes, acquisition of language, creativity, learning and motivation. Study of emotional aspects, social behaviour, moral development and values, and personality development.

Section 2

Meaning and significance of child development theories. Psychoanalytic theories of Freud, Alder, Jung and the Neo, Freudians-Karen Horney, Sullivan, and Erech Fromm. Erikson’s stages of psycho-social development. Piaget’s theory of cognitive development. Language development theories of Chomsky and learning theories of Pavlov Skinner, Thorndike, Watson and Gestalt psychology. Theories of Heinz Werner and Kohlberg. Personality theories of Allport, Murray and Lewin’s Field theory.

Section 3

Administration of pre-schools. Planning infrastructure and programmes for pre-schools education. Maintenance, budget and keeping of records. Principles of curriculum planning, and indoor and outdoor activities of nursery school.

Section 4

Education in ancient period, middle ages, and during reformation and industrial revolution. Education during British period. Modern education. Historical review of major philosophies of early thinkers like Lock, Owan, Rousseau, Pestallozzi, Froebel and Montessori. Gandhi’s basic education and contributions of Giju Bhai and Tarabai Modak. Importance of pre- school education. Models of types of pre- school in India.

Section 5

Definition and needs of exceptional children. Classification of exceptional children: visual impairment, deaf and hard of hearing, speech and language defect, crippled child, socially and emotionally maladjusted and juvenile delinquents. Gitted and

xvi Objective Home Science At a Glance

mentally retarded children. Psychological problems: necrosis, psychoneurosis, psychoses and schizophrenia. Rehabilitation of exceptional children.

Section 6

Physical, social, intellectual and emotional development during late childhood and their characteristic. Physical, moral, social, emotional and intellectual development during adolescence. Adulthood and old age. psychological, economic and social problems of the aged and rehabilitation of the aged. National and community services for the aged.

Section 7

Concept, need and principles of guidance. Aims and objectives of individual and group guidance. Sources of information and methods of group guidance. Use of psychological tests and criteria for testing and measurements. Guidance services: meaning, scope, principles of counselling services, methods and techniques in counselling service for children, parents and youth.

Section 8

Family in social context. Approaches to study of family: developmental, social, psychological and educational. Modern trends in Indian, urban and rural families and changing family functions. Changing roles and relationships. Influence of socioeconomic status, culture, religion and the role of family in maintaining mental health. Problems of the family related to sexual misbehaviour, aggression and hostility, drug addiction, AIDS etc. Services for family and children: creches, Balwadis and feeding programmes. Services for adolescents and youth. Rehabilitation of juvenile delinquent.

Section 9

Meaning and need for community education. Child rearing practices of community. Objectives and principles of parent education. The disadvantaged family. Problems and needs of the disadvantaged family and child. Subject matter or areas of knowledge for parent education. Role of parents and teachers in children. Methods and procedures of parent and community education.

ICAR-SRF Syllabus xvii

FOOD AND NUTRITION

Section 1

Food production and consumption trends in India and their consequences on nutrition situation. Cereals, millets, pulses, oilseeds, vegetables, fruits, milk, eggs, meat and other animal foods. Nutritional value of these food groups and their contribution towards nutrients in Indian diets.

Section 2

Grain storage practices in India. Quantitative and qualitative losses during post-harvest handling and storage of food grains. Improved and scientific methods of storage of foodgrains.

Section 3

Food processing-physical and chemical changes in foods during processing including cooking and preservation with special reference to sensory characteri-stics and nutritional value. Traditional methods of processing such as steaming, parboiling, germination, malting and fermentation and their nutritional advantages. Food colours, flavours and enzymes, and their importance.

Section 4

Food safety-natural toxicants, pesticide residues, common adulterants and mycotoxins, their harmful effects on health, and methods of eliminating harmful effects.

Section 5

Macro- and micro-nutrients in human nutrition. Carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, vitamins, minerals and trace elements. Requirements, sources., functions and effects of deficiency. Energy-methods of assessing energy requirement and factors influencing requirement. Qualitative differences in food proteins and methods of assessing protein quality. Factors influencing availability of minerals. Nutrients inter-relationships. Importance of fibre in human nutrition. Water and electrolyte balance. Metabolism of carbohydrates, proteins and lipids. Role of vitamins and hormones in metabolism.

Section 6

Major nutrition problems in India — causes, magnitude and distribution. Nutritional problems of vulnerable segments — pregnant and lactating women, and pre-school children.

xviii Objective Home Science At a Glance

Section 7

Food nutrition programmes to combat malnutrition-strategies, targets and progress. Assessment of community nutritional status-anthropometry, diet survey, biochemical and clinical methods. Indicators/parameters and standards used for assessment by different methods. Growth norms for pre-school children and importance of growth monitoring.

Section 8

Nutritional requirements of pregnant and lactating women, and pre-school children. Consequences of chronic nutritional deficiencies in these groups. Infant and child feeding practices in India and importance of promoting good feeding practices.

Section 9

Nutrition in disease, therapeutic modifications of normal diets and their use in treatment of diseases of gastro-intestinal, cardio-vascular, renal, hepatic, metabolic and febrile disorders. Dietary guidelines and cardiovascular diseases.

HOME MANAGEMENT/FAMILY RESOURCE MANAGEMENT

Section 1: Family Resources Management

Interdisciplinary nature of management and systems approach to family management. Philosophy and concepts of management: goal types and goal setting, and value types. Sources of learning values and their importance to family. Standards — type and relationship with values and goals. Process of management-planning, controlling, evaluating, organizing and their application to resource use and resource development. Decision making in use and development of resources. Decision types. Application of management processes to time and energy for work simplification. Application of Mudell’s classes of change in household work and agricultural task.

Section 2: Art Principles and Interior Enrichment

Importance of good taste. Elements and principles of art and their application to interior decoration. Selection of art objects and making of decorative accessories for homes. Flower arrangement.

ICAR-SRF Syllabus xix

Section 3: Housing and Space Designing

Identifying family housing needs. Selection of site. Principles of house planning-orientation, space requirements for various activities and room layout. Building materials, their characteristics, selection and suitability for low cost rural and urban housing. Estimating costs of building a house. Advantages of owning and renting.

Section 4: Household Energy and Equipments

Household energy forms: sources, fuels and their classification. Energy crisis, its causes and implications for energy management in homes. National efforts for energy and environmental conservation. Equipments, tools and accessories for rural and urban houses, their selection, maintenance and care. Low cost simple equipments — hay box, water filter, solar cookers. etc.

Section 5: Family Finance and Consumer Education

Family income—types, sources and contributors. Financial planning-guidelines for budgeting, Engel’s law, expenditure, account keeping, investments and savings. Credit — rural credit sources, advantage, disadvantages, selection and repayments. Consumer problems-buying problems, adulteration and substandard goods. Public distribution system. Consumer rights and responsibilities, and consumer protection measures. Consumer organization and their roles.

Section 6: Entrepreneurship Management

Scope for enterprise. Sources of information for projects proposals and kinds of information needed. Role of government and private organization in financing.

Section 7: Markets and Marketing

Types of markets, their functions and pricing. Marketing information systems. Sales management and product promotion.

HOME SCIENCE EXTENSION EDUCATION

Section 1: Fundamentals of Extension Education

Home science extension education: concept, principles, philosophy, objectives and approaches. Growth of extension as a discipline and profession. Genesis of rural development programmes in India. Community development and integrated rural development-concept, principles and objectives. Relationship between family and community development.

xx Objective Home Science At a Glance

Section 2: Rural Institutions

Structure and functions of rural institutions, process of activating them, and factors influencing their involvement in rural development. Leadership-concept, types, identification, training and mobilizing local leaders for community participation. Panchayati Raj: philosophy, concept, functioning and scope.

Section 3: Programme Planning and Evaluation

Concept, principles and theories of programme planning. Application of programme planing for home science extension. Systematic development of plan of work. Application of PERT and CPM. Evaluation — concept, significance, methods and tools for monitoring an evaluation. Five-year plans-critical analysis with special reference programmes for women, children and youth. Development programmes viz. Integrated Child Development Service (lCDS), Integrated Rural Development Programme (lRDP), Development of women and Children in Rural Areas (DWCRA), Training of Rural Youth for Self-Employment (TRYSEM), Krishi Vigyan Kendras (KVKs) ect. Role of Non-government Organizations (NGOs) in extension.

Section 4: Extension Management

Meaning, nature, principles, process, functions and scope of administration and management. Critical analysis of organizational set up of extension administration at various levels. Training — principles and importance of extension training, methods of training; factors affecting extension training; identifying training needs; and assessment of training impact.

Section 5 Entrepreneurial Development

Concept, significance and scope. Programmes and agencies promoting women as entrepreneurs.

Section 6: Extension Methods and Communication Techniques

Extension methods and audio-visual aids. Characteristics of adult learning. Teaching-learning process in extension. Individual, group and mass approaches in extension. Audio-visual aids-classification, selection, use and production of low cost audio-visual aids. Traditional media for development. Cost effectiveness of communication media.

Section 7: Communication for Development

Concept, functions, key elements, theories and models of communication. Barriers to communication. Concept and models of development. Diffusion and adoption for

ICAR-SRF Syllabus xxi

social change-concept, process, models and theories. Revolution in communication strategies. Advanced techniques in mass communication and software production.

Section 8: Research Methods in Home Science Extension

Need for social science research. Process and designs of scientific research. Measurement — levels of measurement and corresponding statistical techniques. Validity and reliability of measuring devices. Methods of observation and data collection. Techniques of tabulation and analysis of data. Report writing. Importance of research in extension programmes.

Section 9: Social Statistics

Sampling techniques. Normal distribution. Tests and significance of difference. ANOVA. Correlation and regression — simple, partial and multiple. Path Analysis. Factor Analysis.

TEXTILES AND CLOTHING

Section 1

Methods of developing patterns — flat, draping and drafting. Application of special sewing technique in dress designing. Figure irregularities and special problems with reference to apparel designing. Evaluation of finished garments and clothing. Commercial processes in apparel industry. Factors influencing costumes and dress designing. Fashion forecasting. Socio-psychological aspects of clothing. Traditional costumes, textiles and embroideries of India and their influence on modern trends.

Section 2

Manufacture/processing, structure and physical, chemical and biological properties of cotton, silk, rayon and synthetics. Bleaches-types and their commercial application. Special finishes applied to different fibres such as wash-n-wear, water-proof, water repellent, shrink proof, durable press, carbonising for p/c blends. Quantitative estimation of blends and mixtures. Water, detergents — types and their influence on fabric performance.

Section 3

Study of dyes and pigments-composition, properties, advantages and disadvantages. Advanced dyeing and printing methods.

xxii Objective Home Science At a Glance

Section 4

Importance of quality testing in textiles and clothing. Fibre, yarn and fabric testing methods. Methods of texturization and their applications. Fabric blending methods and their applications. Role of textile testing standards and methods.

Section 5

Analysis of textile designs. Application of art principles in textile and clothing. Role of colour in textile and garments designs. Classification, characteristics and application of novelty yarns. Types of fabric manufacture — knitted, laced, bonded, needle-punched etc., Woven — special twills leno, double cloth, dobby, jacquard, warp and weft figuring, terry pile weaving, warp and circular knitting. Cloth defects and faulty merchandizing. Textile designing centres and their function.

Section 6

Role of textile industry in Indian economy. Status of textile industry in the last decade with reference to cotton, rayon, jute, silk, wool, garments and hosiery. Domestic and international consumption. Export and import policies of textiles and garments. Five Year Plans and their influence on textile and clothing related policies. Associations and research organisations related to textiles, garments, hosiery and consumer. Sales promotion techniques for textiles and garments. Consumer education and protection methods.

UGC-NET Syllabus HOME SCIENCE

Unit—I : Food Science

Food Groups, Food Preparation, Food Preservation, Food Science and Food Analysis, Food Processing.

Unit—II : Nutrition Science

Fundamentals of nutrition, Nutritional biochemistry, Food microbiology, Public nutrition, Therapeutic nutrition.

Unit—III : Institutional Management

Management of Hospitality Institutes — Hospital/Hotel/Restaurant/Café and Outdoor catering; Management of Social. Institutes — Family as Institute, child care and Geriatric Institutes, Panchayats; Management of Educational Institutes — Pre-school, Primary and Secondary Schools. (Colleges and Universities) Higher Educational Institutes; Management of Special Institutes — For physically, mentally and socially challenged Challenges and problems faced by Institutions.

Unit—IV Clothing

Principles of clothing — Socio-psychological aspects of clothing. selection of fabrics. clothing and family clothing; Clothing construction — Basic principles of drafting. fiat pattern and draping methods; Textile design — Principles and concepts; Fashion design — Fashion cycles, business and merchandising; Care and maintenance of textile materials and garments; Laundry agents — Methods and equipments.

Unit—V : Textiles

General properties and fine structure of all textile fibers; Processing and manufacture of all natural and man-made fibers; Definition and classification of yarns: Identification of yarns and It’s use in various fabrics; Fabric construction, definition and types of woven, non-woven, knitted and other construction techniques; Testings of fibers, yarns and fabric: Importance of quality control and research Institutes.

xxiv Objective Home Science At a Glance

Unit—VI : Resource Management

Concept of Home management and steps; Management of Human Resources; Classification of Resources: Basic Characteristics of Resources; Decision making in family: Steps in decision making: Methods of resolving conflicts; Work simplification; Importance of work simplification in home; Mundel’s classes of change: Simple pen and pencil technique in work simplification; Housing. Interior design, Principles of Interior design. Various colours and colour schemes Household equipment—Selection and Care.

Unit—VII: Human Development

Child Development— Principles and Stages; Life Span Development—Theories of Human Development and Behavior Child rearing, Socialization practices and Dynamics; Early Childhood Care and Education— Emerging trends Development problems and disabilities during childhood and adolescence, guidance and counselling Advanced child study methods and assessment; Women's Studies. Family Welfare Programme— Recent Approaches.

Unit—VIlI: Non-formal Education and Extension Education

History and Development of Home Science in Formal/Non-formal and Extension Education; Theory and Practices of programme/curriculum planning and development; Management and Administration of Formal/Non-formal and Extension Education; Monitoring. Supervision and Evaluation of Formal, Non-formal and Extension Education; Vocationalization of Home Science in India; Theories and Principles of Guidance and Counselling in Formal/Non-formal/ Extension; Problems and Challenges encountered in Forma/Non-forma/Extension.

Unit-IX : Developmental and Educational

Communication Concept and classification of communication; Traditional Methods and Materials of communication—selection/preparation/use; Modern methods and materials of communication—selection/preparation/use Strategies for developme-ntal communication; Classroom communications in Home Science trends; Communication for publicity and public relations; Change and challenges in communication in contemporary society.

Unit—X : Methods of Research

Trends in Research in Home Science; Research Designs; Types of Research; Sampling Techniques; Selection and Preparation of Tools for data collection; Type of variables and their selection; Data collection and classification/coding; Analysis of data through parametric and non-parametric statistics; Report writing—presentation of data, interpretation and discussion.

Contents

Author’s and Contributor’s Page v

Preface ix

Syllabus xi

ICAR-ARS Pre and ICAR-NET Syllabus xi

ICAR-SRF Syllabus xv

Child Development Foods and Nutrition Home Management/Family Resource Management

Home Science Extension Education Textiles and Clothing

UGC-NET Syllabus xxiii

Chapter-1. Food Science and Nutrition

Deepak Kumar Verma and P.K. Prabhakar

1-69

Chapter-2. Textile Science, Fashion Designing and Garment Production

Rupal Babel and Manideep Kaur

70-92

Chapter-3. Child and Human Development and Family Dynamics

Shanti Balda and Sarita Saini

93-132

Chapter-4. Family Resource Management and Consumer Science

Hemu Rathour

133-162

Chapter-5. Home Science Extension & Communication, CommunicationMethods

Ritu Mittal and Preeti Sharma

163-237