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may contemplate the publication of cases of sarcomawith curious blood pictures that they will relate oneto the other in some coherent manner.

I am, Sir, yours faithfully,Sevenoaks, Kent, May 13th, 1925. GORDON WARD.

MR. GREIFFENHAGEN’S PORTRAIT OFSIR DONALD MACALISTER IN

THE ROYAL ACADEMY.

To the Editor of THE LANCET.

SIR,—The reference to this portrait made inTHE LANCET of May 9th was not quite accurate,but I fear that the correction made this week confoundsthe confusion. The portrait now hanging in BurlingtonHouse is that presented to Lady MacAlister, and istaken from the one painted by Mr. Greiffenhagen forthe General Medical Council. ..- - --

I am, Sir, yours faithfully,May 19th, 1925. DONALD MACALISTER.

CLEAN MILK IN HOSPITALS.To the Editor of THE LANCET.

SIR,—On p. 1064 of your issue of May 16th youquote Dr. Chalmers Watson as having ascertainedthat practically none of the larger hospitals are usingGrade A tuberculin-tested milk at the present time.I would like to point out that we have been usingGrade A tuberculin-tested milk entirely since May,1923, for both the isolation hospital and sanatoriumin Leicester, as well as the staff resident here. Wedeal with infectious diseases and all forms of tubercu-losis, both pulmonary and surgical, at this institution.The number of beds for patients here is 340, and thenumber of our resident nursing staff is 88, a combinedtotal of 428. Even our cases of small-pox get Grade Atuberculin-tested milk I Our average daily consump-tion of milk is 50 gallons. The milk is bacteriologicallyand qualitatively examined by us, about once a weekin summer and twice a month in the winter, in orderto ascertain if it is up to standard. During the pasttwo years that we have taken this milk we have beenvery satisfied with it, and I wonder, like Dr. ChalmersWatson, that more institutions, and especially localauthorities, do not go in for it. I do not know ifthis institution was the first to use Grade A tuberculin-tested, but I think it certainly was one of them, ifnot the first to do so.

I am, Sir, yours faithfully,F. A. E. SILCOCK, M.B., D.P.H.,

Medical Superintendent, Isolation HospitalMay 16th, 1925. and Sanatorium, Leicester.

WOMEN’S WAR MEMORIAL IN YORKMINSTER.

To the Editor of THE LANCET.SIR,—The Five Sisters Window in York Minster,

which has been restored by women of the Empirein memory of women who gave their lives in the war,is to be unveiled on June 24th at 3 o’clock in theafternoon by the Duchess of York. Also an oakscreen has been placed in the Minster with the namesof the women to be commemorated. There are

several women doctors on the roll of honour and itis very desirable that as many of their colleagues aspossible should pay tribute to their memory on thisoccasion, whether they did war work or not.As all representatives of war workers are to wear

uniform it is requested that medical women who arepresent shall wear academic dress. All who havedecorations should wear them. During the time ofthe ceremony at the Minster, memorial services areto be held throughout the Empire—e.g., in Australia,Canada, New Zealand. The railway companies are ito issue special terms--i.e., return fare at one and athird the usual single fare, or for parties of 12, returnfare at the price of the usual single fare.

I have been asked by the promoters of the Memorialto organise the medical deputation, and as it isimpossible to get into touch with all by letter, I amwriting to ask if you would kindly make the matterknown. Applications to be present should be sentto the Hon. Secretaries, Women’s War Memorial,Assembly Rooms, York, as early as possible.

I am, Sir, yours faithfully,York, May 16th, 1925. LOUISE FRASER, M.D. Lond.

Obituary.HOWARD HENRY TOOTH, C.B., C.M.G.,

M.D. CAmi3., F.R.C.P. LOND.,CONSULTING PHYSICIAN TO ST. BARTHOLOMEW’S HOSPITAL, THE

NATIONAL HOSPITAL FOR PARALYSED AND EPILEPTIC,AND THE METROPOLITAN HOSPITAL.

Dr. Howard Henry Tooth, who died on May 13that Hadleigh, Suffolk, at the age of 69, was well known,both as a physician with a bent towards neurology,and as an administrator. Born in 1856 at Brighton,he was educated at Rugby and entered St. John’sCollege, Cambridge, in 1874. Six years later hegraduated in medicine from St. Bartholomew’sHospital, to which he then became casualty physician.Later he was, in succession,demonstratorin physiology,medical tutor, and demonstrator of morbid anatomy;in 1897 he was appointed assistant physician,becoming in due course full physician in 1906 until1921, when he retired on attaining the age-limit.For many years he lectured at the hospital on diseasesof the nervous system, and at the weekly " medicalconsultations " his opinion on all obscure nervous

cases always carried weight. Becoming a Fellowof the Royal College of Physicians of London in 1888,he gave the Goulstonian lectures in the followingyear. In these he dealt with secondary degenerationsof the spinal cord, basing his conclusions on observa-tions made at the National Hospital for the Paralysedand Epileptic, where he was at that time assistantphysician. The lectures were noteworthy for theremarkable knowledge they displayed of the minuteranatomy and physiology of the central nervous

system. Dr. Tooth became Councillor of the Collegefrom 1906 to 1908 and was a Censor in 1913-14.He also examined in medicine at Cambridge andDurham universities. His presidential address atthe Neurological Section of the Royal Society ofMedicine in 1912 was concerned with intracranialtumours, of which he had then collected 500 examples,his experience leading him to take a very cautiousview of operative intervention. This was a valuableresearch whose lessons remain sound to-day. Itwas an authoritative communication on a difficultsubject; it was the outcome of a characteristicallyclose investigation of all the available records, andrepresented two years of close work.When the South African war broke out Tooth

offered his services and was appointed physician tothe Portland Hospital, where his work gained himthe C.M.G. Before that he had served on a committeefor the reorganisation of the Army Medical Service.On returning from South Africa he maintained hisinterest in the University of London O.T.C. and tookan active part in the organisation of the Londonhospitals on a territorial basis. Early in the GreatWar he was placed in command of the lst LondonGeneral Hospital at Camberwell, of which he becamethe historian, afterwards going overseas as consultingphysician with the rank of colonel and doing goodwork both at Malta and at the Italian front. He wasthree times mentioned in despatches and in 1918was awarded the C.B. The University of Maltaconferred upon him the M.D. hon. caus. Toothwas also a good friend to the rank and file of theR.A.M.C., and for several years before his death waschairman of the Army and Navy Male Nurses Asso-ciation to provide opportunities for civilian nursingto members of the Corps after leaving the Service.

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Dr. Tooth was twice married : in 1881 to MaryBeatrice, daughter of the late Edward Price, by whomhe had a daughter ; and in 1907 to Helen Katherine,daughter of the Rev. Charles Chilver, of Midhurst, bywhom he had a daughter and two sons, one of whomwill follow his father’s profession. Three months agoDr. Tooth had a cerebral haemorrhage while drivinghis car and did not recover the use of his limbs,although his mind remained clear to the last. Hisdeath is deeply regretted by all with whom he hadcome into relation, and sympathy goes out to hiswidow and family.

Sir ANTHONY BowLBY writes : "The characteristicqualities of Howard Tooth’s work were the extra-ordinary patience and thoroughness with which heinvestigated all his cases and the sympathy anddesire to help which were always in evidence. Itwas these qualities which made him so successfulboth as a general physician and as a consultant innervous disease. At St. Bartholomew’s Hospital hewas an ideal colleague and one who always kept inmind what was best for the hospital and school.Twenty or more years ago, when the hospital enteredupon its career of expansion, it was Tooth who actedas secretary to the Medical Council and served onevery one of the various subcommittees and innumberless consultations with the hospital governors.As a teacher in the medical school he was as carefuland conscientious as in everything that he did. Heloved to be with young people and his pupils quicklyrealised that he was a lenient critic of their clinicalefforts and their guide and friend in the out-patientroom or the medical ward.

" A very important part of Tooth’s life work washis association with the Army, for the beginning ofwhich I own myself mainly responsible. When inOctober, 1899, I was asked to take charge of thePortland Hospital, I invited Tooth to come with me.His services were in constant demand by the ArmyMedical Department during the campaign, when fora long time he was the only consulting physician inSouth Africa. He thoroughly enjoyed the open-airlife and the constant sunshine of the veld, and provedpersona grata to the personnel of the R.A.M.C.

" I knew Tooth from his arrival as a student at thehospital, and while he made many friends I neverknew him make a real enemy. For many years hewas an enthusiastic bicyclist and on various holidaysrode from London to the North of Scotland and back.He was also a keen fisherman. At home, when hewas not otherwise busied, he would be found in hiscarpenter’s shop, for he was a most skilful workerboth in wood and metal, and I always felt that withsuch excellent hands he ought to have been a surgeon.He continued to lead an active life until past middleage, when he became subject to abdominal troubles,although he went successfully through two operations.

" After leaving London for the country, he acceptedan appointment at a clinic for nervous diseases underthe Pensions Ministry, and took the keenest interestin this work until shortly before his death. The factwas that he was never quite happy unless he wasoccupied, and from first to last his life was a verybusy and a very useful one." ’

CECIL CHRISTOPHERSON, M.R.C.S. ENG.THE death occurred in a nursing home at Bexhill,

on May llth, of Dr. Cecil Christopherson, who wasone of the best-known practitioners in Hastings.He was born at Blackheath in 1862, and was educatedat Marlborough College. He studied medicine atSt. Bartholomew’s Hospital, and qualified L.S.A.in 1885, obtaining the M.R.C.S. Eng. and theL.R.C.P. Lond. in the following year. Following anappointment at the North-West London Hospital,Dr. Christopherson went into general practice inHastings. In 1893 he was appointed assistant housesurgeon at the Royal East Sussex Hospital, andserved for 30 years on the staff, until ill-healthforced him to retire in the winter of 1923, when hebecame consultant surgeon. On his retirement the

governors presented him with a handsome testi-monial, the monetary part of which he returned as adonation to the hospital. He was one of the originatorsand founders of the Hospital Benevolent Fund forEast Sussex. During the war he was on the medicalstaff of Netley Hospital. He was at one time Presi-dent of the East Sussex Medico-Chirurgical Society,and in 1915 was placed on the Commission of thePeace for the borough of Hastings. He was a staunchChurchman and a Freemason. He leaves a widowand two sons.

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Medical News.ROYAL COLLEGES OF PHYSICIANS OF LONDON AND

SURGEONS OF ENGLAND.-As the result of the Final Exami-nation in Medicine, Surgery, and Midwifery, held fromApril 14th to May 9th, the following candidates wereapproved in the under-mentioned subjects, but are noteligible for diplomas :- .

Medicine.-J. S. Ahnan, Berlin ; A. A. Anderson, WesternUniv., Canada, and London ; S. A. Antoun, Birmingham ;L. Appell, Charing Cross; E. Bacon, St. Bart.’s; W.Baker, Leeds ; C. M. Barker, Univ. Coll. ; Jane G. Bevan,Westminster; S. S. Bhatnagar, Middlesex; C. A. Birch,Liverpool; H. M. Birch, Adelaide and London ; F. T.Birkinshaw, Univ. Col[l. ; V. H. Brink, London ; TheodoraBrookes and Olive K. Burnett, Royal Free; IsabellaM. G. Butler, Univ. Coll. F. Carroll, St. Mary’s; R. Cohen,Leeds ; S. M. Coleman, St. Bart.’s ; G. W. Curtis, Birming-ham ; H. G. Davies, Guy’s; Hilda C. Dean, CharingCross ; G. Dietrich, St. Bart.’s; Dorothy Durance, RoyalFree ; W. G. P. Dyson, Manchester; R. G. Eastwood,Leeds ; A. K. H. El Shurbagi, St. Thomas’s ; H. E. Filmer,Guy’s ; J. W. Fisher, St. Mary’s ; L. O. F. Fysh, London ;J. Gabe, Westminster; E. H. Glynn, Liverpool; T. R.Goddard, Univ. Coll. ; J. Gore, Birmingham ; M. Gottfried,

’ St. Mary’s ; M. J. Harker, St. Bart.’s ; J. W. Hart, Univ.Coll. ; Dorothy G. Hervey, Birmingham ; A. B. Hewlett,King’s Coll.; C. H. Highfield, Guy’s ; B. L. Hodge, St.Bart.’s ; D. S. Jackson, St. Mary’s ; Morfydd R. Jones,Royal Free ; A. K. A. Khalik, Cairo ; O. F. A. Krause,Guy’s ; M. E. Lampard, King’s Coll. ; E. D. Lawrence,St. George’s ; Anne T. Leigh, Manchester; W. S. Maegowan,Middlesex; W. K. McKinstry, St. Bart.’s; Alice M. C.Macpherson, Royal Free; R. Marnham, St. George’s;K. V. Mead, St. Thomas’s ; H. P. F. Modder, St. George’s ;W. S. Morgan, St. Bart.’s ; Doris Nicklin, Birmingham ;G. F. Oakden, St. Thomas’s; A. B. Osbourne, St. Mary’s ;M. E. J. Packer, Bristol; J. D. L. Perera, Ceylon andLondon ; G. L. S. Plumbly, Univ. Coll. ; Nellie L. Pyman,Charing Cross; J. Raisman, Leeds; J. L. Reeve andJ. B. W. Roberton, St. Bart.’s ; N. L. Russell, St. George’s ;A. Sebba, London; H. Simmonds, St. Bart.’s ; J. H.Simmons, King’s Coll. ; L. G. Smith, St. Bart.’s; NettieH. Stein, St. Mary’s ; A. L. Stephen, Univ. Coll.; T. W.Stephens, St. Thomas’s ; A. C. Taylor, Guy’s; G. F.Taylor, King’s Coll. ; Constance P. Thomas, Cardiff ; F. T.Thorpe, Birmingham ; Beatrice E. Turner, Royal Free ;W. Twort, Univ. Coll. ; Florence M. Wallen, CardiffKathleen M. Ward, Liverpool.; P. Weiner, King’s Coll.H. J. Williams, Birmingham ; W. B. Williams, Cardiff ;J. H. Willis, London ; and A. T. Worthington, St. Bart.’s.

Surgery.—D. A. Abernethy, St. Bart.’s ; C. P. Allen, Liver-pool ; C. B. Andreae, Guy’s ; J. R. Armstrong, St. Bart.’s ;H. K. Ashworth, Manchester; E. Bacon, St. Bart.’s ;C. V. N. Baldry, Sydney; D. E. Barton, St. Mary’s ;J. M. Bassett, Edinburgh; G. F. G. Batchelor, St. Andrews ;J. R. Beal, Manchester; C. E. Beare, Middlesex; F. G.Beauchamp, Birmingham ; A. D. Belilios, St. Thomas’s ;J. G. Y. Bell, King’s Coll. ; R. J. I. Bell, St. Bart.’s ;J. L. Berry, Birmingham ; H. MoI. Birch, Adelaide andLondon ; E. Bowen-Jones, Guy’s ; H. C. Boyde, St. Bart.’s ;G. P. Brooks, London; A. S. S. Brown, Liverpool;J. W. D. Buttery, St. Bart.’s; F. F. R. Carreck, St. Mary’s;R. T. Chadwick, St. Bart.’s ; H. N. Collier, Guy’s ; CeliaM. M. Culver-Evans, Royal Free ; R. S. Davidson,Manchester; C. I. Davies, London ; J. J. F. Dunn, St.Mary’s; J. Y. Eccles, St. Thomas’s; R. W. Edwards andA. Elliott, Guy’s ; E. Evans, Sheffield ; M. Fine, London ;S. J. Firth, Manchester; M. Fishman, St. Bart.’s ; H. K.Fozdar, London; E. A. Freeman, St. Bart.’s ; L. O. F.Fysh, London ; J. Gore, Birmingham ; Edith L. Gould,Royal Free ; S. J. P. Gray, St. Bart.’s; A. W. T. Green,Middlesex; Margaret K. Green, St. Mary’s; T. W.Griffiths, Middlesex; J. L. Groom, Guy’s; A. Gross,St. Bart.’s ; Emily M. Hall, St. Mary’s ; Helen M. Harris,Royal Free ; L. F. A. Harrison, St. Bart.’s; J. W. Hart,Univ. Coll. ; B. E. Hawkins, Guy’s ; J. C. Heal, Liverpool ;C. H. Heaton, Birmingham; C. H. Ho, St. Thomas’s ;J. C. Hogg and L. Holmes, St. Bart.’s; E. Hughes,Liverpool; T. L. Jenkins, Middlesex ; C. W. Jones, King’sColl. ; Helen V. Jones, St. Mary’s ; R. Jones, CharingCross ; J. J. Keevil, St. Thomas’s ; J. H. Kitson, Man-chester ; Y. N. Lal, Dundee; I. Landon, St. Bart.’s;R. L. J. Le Clezio, St. Thomas’s ; H. E. Lewis, Guy’s ;I. McPherson, Middlesex; M. L. Maley and T. E. MalinsSt. Bart.’s ; W. N. Maple and H. R. R. Mavor, St. Thomas’s ;K. N. Mawson, Liverpool; R. C. May, Guy’s ; R. H.Metcalfe, St. Thomas’s ; G. C. Diilner, London; Mary A.