Obesity and Food habit in schools

Nouri saeidlou sakinehPhD of nutrition

According to WHO:Currently, overweight and obesity represent a public health

problem that affects populations of all cultures, socioeconomic classes, and ages, including children .

Obesity and overweight

Worldwide obesity has more than doubled since 1980.

39% of adults aged 18 years and over (38% of men and 40% of women) were overweight. and 13% of adults aged 18 years and over (11% of men and 15% of women) were obese in 2014.

Most of the world's population live in countries where overweight and obesity kills more people than underweight.

42 million children under the age of 5 were overweight or obese in 2013.

Obesity is preventable

Obesity and overweightFact sheet N°311 Updated January 2015

According to WHO:

In Iran, like many of other developing countries, prevalence of overweight and obesity in children has been increasing.

One Systematic review in Iran , suggests that although the trend in the prevalence of childhood obesity in Iranian children is not considerably high, but the escalating trend of excess weight among young children is alarming and should be considered by providers of interventional preventive programs at national and regional levels.

Kelishadi, R. 2014 Elsevier Inc.

This study also show that a higher increase in the trend of excess weight in children ages 2 to 6 and 7 to 11 y than in older age groups. This finding may suggest that younger children are getting fatter more rapidly than their older counterparts. This finding may reflect an epidemiologic transition along with a notable nutrition transition, in the Iranian population.

Kelishadi, R. 2014 Elsevier Inc

In West Azarbijan In summary, some study in West Azarbijan, showed

that the overweight and obesity was increased among school children from 2009 to 2011 in West Azarbijan Province, Iran.

The prevalence of overweight in primary school children among girls were 52.83, 86.93 and 116.36 and for boys were 57.07, 53.4 and 93.55 per 1000 person in 2009, 2010 and 2011 years ,respectively. The prevalence of obesity in secondary school children for girls were 22.26, 27.75 and 28.43 and 26.52, 25.72 and 35.85 for boys per 1000 person in 2009, 2010 and 2011, respectively.

Overall ,childhood overweight and obesity is a major public health problem in both developed and developing countries. Increasing prevalence of childhood obesity has become a growing matter of public health concern worldwide .

Overweight and obesity in children may have severe consequences later in adolescence and adulthood. Overweight and obese children are at an increased risk for numerous health conditions, including hypertension, type 2 diabetes, asthma and musculoskeletal problems, liver disease, cardiovascular diseases, and mental disorders.

Ahuja, B 2014 Kelishadi, R. 2014

Obesity has been considered to result from lifestyle changes, especially in food consumption, physical activity and sedentary tendencies, because the environment has grown more obesogenic in recent decades.

World Health Organization. 2015.

The recent changes in lifestyle of children from a traditional style toward a Westernized pattern that includes consuming calorie-dense foods and engaging in sedentary activities might explain the higher prevalence of excess weight in younger than in older children.

Kelishadi, R. 2014 Elsevier Inc

The state of adolescent health

One in every five people in the world is an adolescent, and 85% of them live in developing countries.

Nearly two thirds of premature deaths one third of the total disease burden in adults are associated with conditions or behaviors that began in youth.

Promoting healthy practices during adolescence, and efforts that better protect this age group from risks will ensure longer, more productive lives for many

Common eating practices of adolescents

1. Eating away from home2. Skipping meals 3. Snacking 4. >90% of adolescents eat snacks are typically:High in fatHigh in sugarHigh in sodium5. Eating “fast food”High in fat(saturated)High in cholesterolHigh in sodium

Effective factors to obesity:Parental responsibilityModern technology and mediaOver-consumption of unhealthy foodsChildren’s lack of knowledge and

motivationPhysical activity environmentLack of healthy foodLack of physical activityGenes

Individual Responsibility … Environment

International Journal of Obesity, Hardus, 2013

Individual

Interpersonal Factors

Institutional Factors

Community Factors

Public Policy Factors

Families

friends

peer

School

Restaurants

Supermarkets

School foodsFDA-labels

advertising

Individual (individual choice & responsibility)Dietary intake, physical activity, sedentary

behaviorInfluenced by knowledge, attitudes, beliefs, skills

InterpersonalFamilies, friends, peersProvide social identity, support and role definition

InstitutionalSchools, local sporting institutionsRules, regulations, policies that constrain or

encourage particular behaviors

Role of Schools in Preventing ObesitySchools are a critical part of the social

environment that shape children’s eating and physical activity patterns

Lead by example: healthy food served while at school, and limited access to “junk food”

Provide access to and maintain healthy amount of physical activity while at school

Widen the school-home collaboration to promote child’s physical health and fitness

Frequency of consumption of fast food ,fruit. Vegetable and beverages in school children in province of West Azarbaijan

Daily%

Weekly%

Seldom%

Never%

Milk Consumption

47/7 30/6 12/7 9

Fruit juices Concentrate

17/7 38/3 31/5 12/5

Fresh vegetables or cooked

38/1 43/8 14/8 3/3

Consumption of sausages

2/5 26/5 39/2 31/9

Snack(Puff paste) chips/crisps

14/6 35/4 29/6 7

Soft drinks 10/2 35 40/2 14/6

Fresh fruits 55/6 35/2 8/5 0/6

Dried fruits 27/1 39/6 24/4 8/5

رفتار های مورد مطالعه دانش اموزان مقطع ابتدایی

دانش اموزان اول

متوسطه

دانش آموزان

دوم متوسطه

)درصد( روز هفته 6صرف صبحانه در 54 47 45

مصرف هفتگي سوسيس وكالباس )درصد(وپيتزا

20 25 29

)درصد(مصرف روزانه شیر 59 42 28

)درصد(مصرف هفتگی چیپس و پفک 36 40 40

)درصد(مصرف هفتگی نوشابه گازدار 31 36 34

تعداد ساعت کار با کامپیوتر 3 5 6/9

تعداد ساعات تماشای تلویزیون در روزهای تعطیل و جمعه

25 34 7/34

دقیقه فعالیت بدنی سه روز در هفته 30)درصد(

13 16 2/15

دانش اموزان چاق )درصد( 6 14 2/10

(CACPIAN)طرح کشوری کاسپین(Childhood and Adolescence Surveillance and Prevention of Adult Non-communicable

disease) مطالعه در مورد نظام مراقبت و عوامل خطرزای بیماری های غیرواگیر در جمهوری اسالمی ایران در دانش آموزان كشور باعنوان كاسپين اجرا مي گردد . یافته های اين برنامه

توسط وزارت بهداشت درمان و آموزش پزشکی با همکاری وزارت آموزش و پرورش و حمایت سازمان جهانی بهداشت انجام شد تعداد كل دانش آموزان مورد بررسي در فاز

پسر 6846%( و 2/49 دختر )6640 نفر شامل 13486چهارم مطالعه كشوري كاسپين، %( بهمراه يك نفر از والدين آنها بود. بيشترين رده سني دانش آموزان شركت كننده 8/50)

% 6/44 سال( و 15-19% )5/37در مطالعه حاضر در مناطق شهري و روستايي به ترتيب سال( بود. 10-6)

مطالعه مورد های رفتار مقطع سه هر آموزان دانش

در صبحانه هفته 6صرف (روز درصد) 49/2

وپيتزا وكالباس سوسيس هفتگي (مصرف درصد) 26/5

شیر روزانه (مصرف درصد) 47/7

پفک و چیپس هفتگی (مصرف درصد) 35/4

گازدار نوشابه هفتگی (مصرف درصد) 35

( کامپیوتر با کار ساعت (4تعداد بیشتر و ساعت 3/3

) درصد ) هفته در شده بندی بسته آبمیوه مصرف 38/3

درصد ) ( هفته در شکالت و ،شیرنی ،کلوچه کیک مصرف 44/6

هفته در تازه جات میوه مصرف 35/2

جمعه ) و تعطیل روزهای در تلویزیون تماشای ساعات بیشتر (4تعداد و ساعت 22/7

هفته 30 در روز سه بدنی فعالیت (دقیقه درصد) 13/1

) درصد ) چاق اموزان دانش 11

(4وضعیت استان آذربایجان غربی ) کاسپین شیوع چاقی و اضافه وزن در دانش آموزان مورد مطالعه به ترتیب

درصد گزارش شده است9/4و11

Current generation of children just of people in the past years who are dying due to related

problems overweight and obesity before their parents.