Oak Ridge National Laboratoryndiastorage.blob.core.usgovcloudapi.net/ndia/2007/solic/buckner.pdfFeb 26, 2007 · ROMANIA UKRAINE BELARUS UZBE KISTAN K YRG ZSTAN CRO. HERZ. (NORWAY)

Oak Ridge National LaboratoryOak Ridge National Laboratory

““Technologies to Help Wage the Long WarTechnologies to Help Wage the Long War””

Presented to the Presented to the 18th Annual NDIA SO/LIC Symposium18th Annual NDIA SO/LIC Symposium

Mark A. Buckner, PhD Cognitive Radio Program DirectorRF & Microwave Systems Group Oak Ridge National [email protected]@doe.ic.gov

26 February, 2007

TTL

TTL

TTL

SENSORS

SENSORS

SENSORS

COMMSCOMMSCOMMS

timetimetimetrusttrusttrust

IntelligenceIntelligenceIntelligence

……the power of changethe power of change……hhamameelleeoonn

ORNL Cognitive Radio Program Mission: “to integrate software radio, sensors and computational intelligence capabilities to realize the art-of-the-possible in cognitive

computing and communications to address both government and commercial

problems, in a manner that enhances US National Security.”

mailto:[email protected]

mailto:[email protected]

2

OAK RIDGE NATIONAL LABORATORYU. S. DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY

Oak Ridge Facilities

ORNL 2001-03779/djr

3


ORNL is DOE’s Largest Multi-Purpose Science Laboratory

•

$1 billion budget

•

3800 employees

•

3000 research guests annually

•

Nation’s largest energy R&D laboratory

•

World class computing facilities

•

Nation’s largest concentration of unclassified materials research

•

$1.4 billion Spallation Neutron Source under construction

•

$300 million modernization program in progress

4


ORNL East Campus then…ORNL East Campus then…

Battelle-Supported

DOE Upgrade ofMain Chemistry Building

TennesseeJICS/ORCAS

DOE ResearchSupport Center

ORNL East Campus in 2004ORNL East Campus in 2004

5


Multiprogram Research Facility

Capable of handling the full range of national and homeland security work

6


Neutron Science

ComputingBiologyMaterials

Energy Homeland/ National Security

ORNL Science and Technology Agenda Has Six Priorities

7


A Center Of Excellence For Understanding Complex Biological Systems•

Moving into a new Laboratory for Comparative and Functional Genomics

•

Designing a state-funded facility for the Joint Institute for Biological Sciences

•

Sequencing the hybrid poplar genome•

Exploring microbial genomes for bioremediation

•

Applying life sciences capabilities to needs in homeland security

8


We are at the forefront in computing and simulation

•

Leading the partnership to develop the National Leadership Computing Facility−

World’s best scientific computing capability−

100 teraflops in 2006; 250 teraflops by 2007

•

Attacking key computational challenges−

Climate change−

Fusion−

Nuclear astrophysics−

Materials sciences−

Biology

•

Providing access to our computational resources through high-speed networking

9


Spallation Neutron Source High Flux Isotope Reactor•

High-intensity neutrons for materials research at the nanoscale

•

1.4 MW of beam power on target

•

16 instruments

•

The nation’s leading research reactor

•

World-class for neutron scattering

Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences

Ultrahigh-resolution microscopy

•

$65M facility now in operation•

75 user projects already under way

•

DOE’s first nanoscience research center

•

Advanced Microscopy Laboratory

•

Aberration-corrected electron microscope

•

World-record resolution: 0.6 Å

We are developing and deploying world-class tools for nanoscale R&D

10


The Spallation Neutron Source Total cost: $1.4 billion

•

Operational in 2006•

World’s most powerful pulsed neutron source•

With complementary resources at the High Flux Isotope Reactor, Oak Ridge will lead the world in neutron scattering

11


We have significant strengths in key areasRadiological and nuclear weapons countermeasures

Threat vulnerability testing and assessment

Crosscutting

•

RDD attribution studies, forensics program development, and decontamination of the aftermath

•

Active interrogation technologies•

Radiation detection technologies and new materials

•

Geospatial science•

Plume/effect modeling

•

Cybersecurity technology

Chemical and biological

Infrastructure protection

•

Mass spectrometry•

Bioinformatics•

Host-pathogen interactions

•

Vulnerability assessment and mitigation

•

Sensor technologies

•

Knowledge discovery

12


Program areas

•

Defense Nuclear Nonproliferation

•

Homeland Security

•

Department of Defense

•

Other Government Agencies

13


Nuclear Nonproliferation Programs

•

Material Protection Control and Accounting

•

Fissile Materials Disposition•

International Safeguards

•

HEU Transparency•

Export Controls

•

Radiological Dispersal Devices

•

Nuclear Material Detection & Identification

0

0

61

1

91 94

2827

16

18 2019

2212

21 29

17

13

2324

25

14

15

9590

89

8887

86

85

83

84

92 93

46 47 48

67

57

74 80

81

58 59 60 75

72 73 76

R

38 39 40 41 42 43 44 4530 31 32 33 34 35 36 37

68 69 70 7161 62 63 64 65 66

49 50 51 52 5377 7854 55

7956

Magadan

Khabarovsk

Vladivostok

Irkutsk

Angarsk

Tomsk

Novosibirsk KrasnoyarskOmsk

Ust’KamenogorskSemipalatinsk

Norilsk

Chelyabinsk

Yekaterinburg

VolgogradRostov

Penza

St. Petersburg

Moscow

Murmansk

Arkhangel’skSeverodvinsk

AktauSevastopol

Kiev

Minsk

SalaspilsIgnalina

Almaty

EastSiberian

Sea

Bering Sea

Petropavlovsk-Kamchatskiy

Sak ha lin

Seaof

Okhotsk

Yakutsk

Bilibino

MONGOL IA

A R C T I C O C E A N

Lake Baikal

Kara Sea

Laptev Sea

SEVERNAYA

NEW SIBERIAN ISLANDS

ZEMLYA

R u s s i a n F e d e r a t i o n

N O R T H

P A C I F I C

U.S.

NORWAY

SWEDEN

FINL AND

POL AND

GERMANY

LITH.RUS.

BULGARIA

CZ. REP.

SLO.

SLOV.AUS.

BOS. &

GEORGIA

ROMANIA

UKRAINE

BELARUS

UZBEKISTAN KYRGYZSTAN

CRO.

HERZ.

(NORWAY)Svalbard

FY R O M *

SER.

KAZAKHSTAN

Black Sea

Barents SeaNorwegian

Sea

SeaAralHUNG.

MOLDOVA

EST.

LAT.

KGB Kru sk Sta tion

Cen tralAirfield U.S.

Emb assy

To d om odedovoAi rp ort

Ya se n ev o

Biryu le voŠ

L yu

R

Pe ro v o

Bu t ov o

Sol nt se vo

T o Vnu k ov oA irport

6 Kil ome

Pave lets kySta tion

River sRoad sRail roadRail road Stat ionAirports

Kazan St atio n

St. Pet ersbu rgSta tion

Krem lin

Pra vda

Fo rei gnMin istry

MetropolitanMoscow

Cent ralSt adiu m

Lyu bl in o

Kie v Stat ion

ChukchiSea

Lake Balkhash

94

321110

8 765

Bishkek

0

0

61

1

91 94

2827

16

18 2019

2212

21 29

17

13

2324

25

14

15

9590

89

8887

86

85

83

84

92 93

46 47 48

67

57

74 80

81

58 59 60 75

72 73 76

R

38 39 40 41 42 43 44 4530 31 32 33 34 35 36 37

68 69 70 7161 62 63 64 65 66

49 50 51 52 5377 7854 55

7956

Magadan

Khabarovsk

Vladivostok

Irkutsk

Angarsk

Tomsk

Novosibirsk KrasnoyarskOmsk

Ust’KamenogorskSemipalatinsk

Norilsk

Chelyabinsk

Yekaterinburg

VolgogradRostov

Penza

St. Petersburg

Moscow

Murmansk

Arkhangel’skSeverodvinsk

AktauSevastopol

Kiev

Minsk

SalaspilsIgnalina

Almaty

EastSiberian

Sea

Bering Sea

Petropavlovsk-Kamchatskiy

Sak ha lin

Seaof

Okhotsk

Yakutsk

Bilibino

MONGOL IA

A R C T I C O C E A N

Lake Baikal

Kara Sea

Laptev Sea

SEVERNAYA

NEW SIBERIAN ISLANDS

ZEMLYA

R u s s i a n F e d e r a t i o n

N O R T H

P A C I F I C

U.S.

NORWAY

SWEDEN

FINL AND

POL AND

GERMANY

LITH.RUS.

BULGARIA

CZ. REP.

SLO.

SLOV.AUS.

BOS. &

GEORGIA

ROMANIA

UKRAINE

BELARUS

UZBEKISTAN KYRGYZSTAN

CRO.

HERZ.

(NORWAY)Svalbard

FY R O M *

SER.

KAZAKHSTAN

Black Sea

Barents SeaNorwegian

Sea

SeaAralHUNG.

MOLDOVA

EST.

LAT.

KGB Kru sk Sta tion

Cen tralAirfield U.S.

Emb assy

To d om odedovoAi rp ort

Ya se n ev o

Biryu le voŠ

L yu

R

Pe ro v o

Bu t ov o

Sol nt se vo

T o Vnu k ov oA irport

6 Kil ome

Pave lets kySta tion

River sRoad sRail roadRail road Stat ionAirports

Kazan St atio n

St. Pet ersbu rgSta tion

Krem lin

Pra vda

Fo rei gnMin istry

MetropolitanMoscow

Cent ralSt adiu m

Lyu bl in o

Kie v Stat ion

ChukchiSea

Lake Balkhash

94

321110

8 765

Bishkek

14


Homeland Security Programs•

Radiological/nuclear countermeasures

•

Threat and vulnerability testing and assessment

•

Biological and chemical countermeasures

•

Standards development

•

Countermeasures Testbed

•

Regional Technology Integration

•

Protective Security Analysis Center

•

Transportation analysis

•

Highway weigh station radiation portal monitors

•

FEMA support activities

15


Department of Defense •

Military transformation

•

Chem/Bio defense and early warning

•

Logistics and transportation management

•

Defense materials•

Sensor miniaturization and communication

•

Information management, synthesis and analysis

16


Marine Asset Security & Tracking System (MAST)

NGA Evacuation ManagementNGA Evacuation Management & Accountability System & Accountability System

(NEMAS(NEMAS))

ICIC

ORNL Tracking SystemORNL Tracking System

SensorNetMICLOG

Small Contingency Theater Positioning System (SCTPS)

ROCROC

NOCNOCNOCNOC

Iridium NetworkIridium Network

ROCROC

CRCR

GRCGRCGatewayGateway

GRCGRCGRCGRCGatewayGateway

ALERT!ALERT!

GPSGPSGPSGPSInternetInternetInternetInternet

CRCR

CRCR

CRCR

Local Area MeshLocal Area Mesh

First First ResponderResponder

Wherenet Wherenet ReaderReader

Future: other Future: other Infrastructure Infrastructure Cellular, WAN, Cellular, WAN,

MANMAN

ZigBeeZigBee

Sensor Sensor eventevent msgOutmsgOut: :

Sensor Sensor value? value?

TTLTTL

http://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/apod/image/0208/earthlights02_dmsp_big.jpg

17


Cognitive Radio: What is it? “a disruptive, but unobtrusive technology” [Haykin05]

Cognitive Radio is an intelligent wireless communication systems that:

•

Senses (Awareness): acquires and maintains knowledge of its environment, internal capabilities/ states and user needs

•

Reasons: uses goal-oriented rules/reasoning (model- based) to adjust adaptation goals

•

Adapts (reconfigurable): adjusts Rx/Tx parameters (frequency, modulation, power) and internal states in real-time to meet user requirements and goals

•

Learns: uses statistical signal processing and machine learning to reflect on past performance and create new states, statistical models, etc. to achieve better performance over time

•

Plans/Acts: anticipates and schedules required future actions based on current and past conditions

•

Collaborates: leverage experience/capabilities of other CRs to attain goals

•

For the primary purpose of providing:−

Highly reliable communications w/ assured QoS −

Robust performance−

Efficient spectrum utilization

Future Cognitive Systems: “will converse with the user,

anticipate their needs and adapt to meet them … ”

Cognition/Intelligence?•

“knowing, perceiving, or conceiving as an act…” [Oxford English Dictionary]

•

“interdisciplinary study … concerned with exploring general principles of intelligence through a synthetic methodology termed learning by understanding.” [Pfeifer & Scheier99]

•

Intelligence: “The capacity to acquire and apply knowledge, especially toward a purposeful goal.” [American Heritage_00] Prior

States Prior Prior

StatesStatesOutside World

Outside Outside WorldWorld

ObserveObserve

OrientOrient Establish PriorityEstablish Priority

PlanPlan

LearnLearn

DecideDecide

ActAct

Infer on Context HierarchyInfer on Context Hierarchy

PrePre--processprocess

ParseParse

Receive a MessageReceive a MessageRead ButtonsRead Buttons

SensorsSensors

……

Send message(s)Send message(s) Display InformationDisplay Information

Initiate Process(es), Initiate Process(es), ComputationsComputations……

Allocate ResourcesAllocate Resources

Save GlobalSave Global StatesStates

ImmediateImmediate UrgentUrgent

NormalNormal

Generate AlternativeGenerate Alternative (Program Generation)(Program Generation)Evaluate AlternativesEvaluate Alternatives anticipate needsanticipate needs

Register to Current TimeRegister to Current Time

LocationLocation

HistoryHistory

User(s)User(s) Other devicesOther devices

SystemsSystems

New States New New

StatesStates

Learn Using GANFIS: Learn Using GANFIS: Genetically Adaptive Genetically Adaptive

Neural Fuzzy Neural Fuzzy Inference System Inference System

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Human_brain_NIH.jpg

18


Overview of SD/CR-related Capabilities•

Multi-Waveform Prototypes−

One effort combined wideband RFID waveform (30 Mcps DSSS) with narrow band RFID and Satcom.

−

Another effort combined Satcom waveform with sensor signal processing.

−

Started an effort to combine Satcom, specialized comms, conventional terrestrial communications, sensor signal processing and cognitive control engine into a single prototype by end of FY08.

•

Rapid Prototyping−

Use of MATLAB/Simulink/Sys Gen Model-Based Design Approach.

−

Prototype SDR system was tested OCONUS within 60 days of receipt of funds.

•

Reduced SWAP−

Working on rapid method to port SDR designs to ASIC−

Working with DOD to develop improved power source

19


Geolocation Gap-Fillers

•

Use of SATCOM & other signals of opportunity

•

Theater Positioning System/TRINAV−

Use of LF/HF for Theater Positioning

−

MOUT and indoor

20


Waveform Development ProgressRFID/Tagging Waveforms

−

WhereNet−

SAVI

•

Channel Sounder WaveformsIRIDIUM

•

Zigbee

•

IEEE 802.11b

•

Bluetooth

•

Wi-Max

•

UWB

•

SATCOM

•

FastHSS

•

LPI/LPD Waveforms

•

LF Navigation (TPS)

•

Legacy Sensor

21


ROCROC

NOCNOC

Iridium NetworkIridium Network

ROCROC

CRCR

GRCGRCGatewayGateway

ALERT!ALERT!

GPSGPSInternetInternet

CRCR

CRCR

CRCR

Local Area MeshLocal Area Mesh

First First ResponderResponder

Wherenet Wherenet ReaderReader

Internal R&D TTL Project FY07-08

Future: other Future: other Infrastructure Infrastructure Cellular, WAN, Cellular, WAN,

MANMAN

ZigBeeZigBee

Sensor Sensor eventevent msgOut: msgOut:

Sensor Sensor value? value?

Documents

Oak Ridge National Laboratoryndiastorage.blob.core.usgovcloudapi.net/ndia/2007/solic/buckner.pdfFeb 26, 2007 · ROMANIA UKRAINE BELARUS UZBE KISTAN K YRG ZSTAN CRO. HERZ. (NORWAY)