NOTES: Earth Science Pt. 1 Teacher Version

What is a rock? What types of things can happen to them? (Write your thoughts in the spot below)

Earth is a _closed system_ but the spheres interacting inside Earth’s atmosphere are _open systems_. Matter and Energy are both _transformed_ as Earth works on a feedback system where a change to one sphere, means a change to others.

The four spheres of Earth are: Atmosphere – All Earth’s air Geosphere – Crust, core, and mantle Hydrosphere – Water in all forms on Earth Biosphere – All life on Earth

How do you think these systems interact? Guess your answers below

Examples of system interactions:

Volcanoes (geosphere) erupts sending ash & gases into the --Atmosphere sending lava and ash onto the (biosphere).

Hurricanes (atmosphere) sweep across the ocean (hydrosphere) and onto the land (geosphere), damaging the dwellings of people _(Biosphere) who live along the coast.

Earthquakes (geosphere) can damage buildings which may kill people (biosphere), as well as cause fires which release gases into the air –(atmosphere)_Earthquakes in the ocean may cause a tsunami (hydrosphere) which can eventually hit land and kill both animals and people __Biosphere__

What does the Law of Conservation of Matter and Energy say? Neither energy or matter can be created nor destroyed only transformed.

What types of energy are most associated with the changing of Earth’s surface? Solar (light) Geothermal Gravitational Radioactive

_Geosphere_ is the solid Earth that includes continental & ocean crust, and various layers of Earth. Not static and is constantly in a state of motion.

Plate Tectonic Theory: Earth is made up of dynamic, rigid plates where material is constantly being _recycled and _transformed.

Transfer of heat is due to _Convection currents_ in the mantle. Convection currents are created when _hot_ materials rise and _cold materials sink.

How do we get rocks? Atoms make up elements Elements form compounds Compounds and elements form minerals Minerals make up rocks Rocks make up the Earth!

What are the three different rock types? Igneous Sedimentary Metamorphic

What are the ways rocks can be classified?

Texture, grain size, mineral composition, how they formed.

Igneous Rocks: 1. Can form from molten rock or magma below the surface. 2. Can form when lava is extruded at the surface. 3. When magma cools as a solid it becomes an igneous rock.

Sedimentary Rocks: 1. Forms from the compaction or sedimentation of sedimentsthrough a process called

lithification.2. Sediments are : rock pieces, mineral grains, shell fragments3. Sediments form from the process of weathering and erosion.

Metamorphic Rocks: 1. Forms when any rock type is changed into another rock type. 2. Changes are due to extreme heat and/or pressure.

Do all rocks take the same exact path? (Yes or no) NO

Path of a rock: A blob of lava oozes to the surface, cools and forms an Igneous rock Wind, rain, and ice weather and erode away the rock breaking off into small pieces

called sediments. Water seeps through sediments and “glues” or cements them creating a sedimentary

rock. Heat and Pressure inside the Earth can change it into a metamorphic rock. Metamorphic rock deep inside the Earth can melt and begin the cycle again.

NOTES: Earth Science Pt. 1

What is a rock? What types of things can happen to them? (Write your thoughts in the spot below)

Earth is a _______________ but the spheres interacting inside Earth’s atmosphere are _____________ Matter and Energy are both _______________ as Earth works on a feedback system where a change to one sphere, means a change to others.

The four spheres of Earth are: Atmosphere – Geosphere – Hydrosphere – Biosphere -

How do you think these systems interact? Guess your answers below

Examples of system interactions:

Volcanoes (geosphere) erupts sending ash & gases into the ________________ sending lava and ash onto the (biosphere).

Hurricanes _________________sweep across the ocean (hydrosphere) and onto the land (geosphere), damaging the dwellings of people _________________who live along the coast.

Earthquakes (geosphere) can damage buildings which may kill people (biosphere), as well as cause fires which release gases into the air _____________Earthquakes in the ocean may cause a tsunami (hydrosphere) which can eventually hit land and kill both animals and people ______________

What does the Law of Conservation of Matter and Energy say?

What types of energy are most associated with the changing of Earth’s surface? . . .

__________________ is the solid Earth that includes continental & ocean crust, and various layers of Earth. Not static and is constantly in a state of motion.

Plate Tectonic Theory: Earth is made up of dynamic, rigid plates where material is constantly being ______________ and ___________________.

Transfer of heat is due to ____________________________ in the mantle. Convection currents are created when ______________ materials rise and ____________ materials sink.

How do we get rocks? Atoms make up____________ Elements form compounds Compounds and elements form _____________ Minerals make up ______________ Rocks make up the Earth!

What are the three different rock types? . . .

What are the ways rocks can be classified?

Igneous Rocks: Can form from molten rock or magma _________________ the surface. Can form when lava is extruded at the __________________.

When magma cools as a solid it becomes an _______________________. Sedimentary Rocks:

Forms from the compaction or sedimentation of ______________ through a process called________________.

Sediments are: ______________________, ___________________, ______________ Sediments form from the process of ____________________ and

__________________. Metamorphic Rocks:

Forms when _________________________________________________. Changes are due to extreme ______________ and/or ____________________.

Do all rocks take the same exact path? (Yes or no) ________________

Path of a rock: A blob of lava oozes to the surface, cools and forms an _________________ Wind, rain, and ice ___________ and ______________ away the rock breaking off into

small pieces called _____________________. ______________ seeps through sediments and “glues” or ________________ them

creating a____________________________. __________________ and __________ inside the Earth can change it into

____________________________. Metamorphic rock deep inside the Earth can ____________ and begin the cycle again.