oWhat was the Cold War?oEast versus the Westo Communism versus DemocracyoWarsaw Pact verses NATOoSoviet Union and the eastern allies versus the United States and the western allies.

o By 1984, a new type of war, the COLD WAR, had come into existence.

o The Cold War involved a bitter rivalry between the US and its democratic friends (Western Europe and Canada) and the Soviet Union and its communist allies.

o While no War was actually declared, hostilities between the two groups were severe.

Communism Definition: Any economic system based on ownership by the government or workers of all property and the means of production and distribution. Which countries do you know are communist?

Capitalism Definition: Any economic system in which the means of production are privately owned by individuals or corporations that compete with one another to produce goods or services.

Capitalist: persons whose money and property are used in doing business.

During the 1920s learned about the rise of Fascist governments:

A quick review: Fascism is defined as a system of government in which nationalism is promoted, labor and industry are regulated by a strong national government, and all opposition is suppressed.

oWhile no war was actually declared, hostilities between the two opposing groups of nations was severe.

oThe boundary between the countries under Soviet influence and other other countries of Europe is often called the Iron Curtain.

oThe iron curtain blocked the free movement of information and productsand people between Eastern and Western Europe.

oEach superpower (the US) and the (SU) was strived to become the number one superpower in the world.

oFurthermore, Soviet spies were found operating in Ottawa, Washington, and other western capitals.

oBoth sides engaged in espionage to uncover the enemy’s military secret and government plans.

In 1957 the Soviet’s launch the first Sputnik satellite.This satellite not only could orbit around the earth….

o The Arms Race escalates… this time it’s a global race to build sophisticated nuclear weapons!

o Fearing the Soviets, the Americans built bomber aircraft with long range missiles known as ICBMs (Intercontinental Ballistic Missiles).

o So in turn, the Soviet’s built ICBMs.

Events such as the:o Suez Crisis o Cuban Missile Crisiso Korean War o Vietnam

=Threatened to bring the world to the brink of Nuclear War!.

o The North American Air Defense agreement was signed in 1958 between Canada and the United State.

o The agreement stated that in the event of a Soviet threat, Canada and the US would agree to help defend each other.

o Distance Early Warning (DEW line)

• Canada agreed to let the Americans set up the Dew line in the NWT.

• The Dew Line consisted of high powered radar antennae installed at stations along the DEW line.

• The Dew Line could pick up enemy aircraft and missiles from 4800KM away.

• Also, if the an unidentified object is detected, NORAD headquarters would be notified.

oCanadian physics Dr. Harold Johns established Canada’s first biophysics at U of T.oJohns developed the cobalt bomb to treat some cancers, revolutionizing cancer therapy around the world.

Canada did not develop its own nuclear weapons, but contributed to nuclear development projects.

o The AECL was created as a federal agency in 1952. It focused on the development of nuclear energy for peaceful purposes.

o For example, Nuclear reactors for energy productions, and the cobalt bomb.

o The biggest project was known as the development of CANDU.

o Canadian Deuterium Uranium Reactor: it was a safe and efficient rector for the distribution of energy.

o The Pinetree Line, Mid-Canada Line

oAfter Canada and the US discovered Soviet spies infiltrated their governments they became increasingly concerned about national security.

oAs a result, in 1949 several countries formed NATO: North Atlantic Treaty Organization.

oThe purpose of NATO was to act as a defense pact intended to protect members against Soviet aggression.

oNaturally, the Soviets adopted their own pact called: The Warsaw Pact in 1955.

o Due to the two opposing sides, conflict of interests escalated.

o The eastern and western allies held different values, beliefs and focused on building up the arms race.

o The Cold War ultimately was a competition: which nation could develop nuclear weapons the fastest?

o Both countries began to “stock pile nuclear arms”…. what next?

o By 1970 both superpowers had enough missiles to destroy all of humanity.