Group No. 07

GROUP LEADER:

SHARJEEL EHSAN(2k12-vas-34)

GROUP MEMBERS

1-M. Afzal (2k12-vas-31)

2-Asmat Khan (2k12-vas-33)

3-Amir Hayat (2k12-vas-36)

4- M. Zee Shan (2k12-vas-37)

5- Mahnoor Malik (2k12-vas-38)

NUTRITIONAL DISORDERS

ANIMAL DIET

WATER CARBOHYDRATE PROTEIN VITAMINS MINERALSFAT

ENERGY

ANIMAL NUTRITION

The usual food and drink of an animal which comprises on nutrients

ANIMAL NUTRITION

NUTRIENTS ARE REQUIRED FOR:

Maintenance:

For normal physiological function to maintain health state.

Growth:

Degenerative changes in body.

Development:

Fetus in pregnant animals.

Production:

Milk, Meat, Hair etc.

Reproduction:

Reproductive efficiency.

ANIMAL NUTRITION

What is Nutritional disorder?

When body fails to homeostatize over situation then it is called disorder and when problem is develop due to nutrition then it is called nutritional disorder.

Causes of Nutritional Disorders:

Quality

Quantity

Consistency

Constantibility

Regularity

Inadequate nutrition leads to change in behavior ,appearance, activity, production etc.

ANIMAL NUTRITION

Essential

60% makeup

Continually lost

Constantly replenish

Maintain homeostasis

60% balance

Water requirementsDigestive process (Ruminants)

Physiological development (Milk production)

Diet (Supplements)

ANIMAL NUTRITION

Problems

Dehydration

Excessive loss of water from the body or from an organ or body part, as fromillness or fluid deprivation.

Due to:

Diarrhea

Kidney diseases

Sick

Refusal to drink

Kidney stones

Quality of water and renal disorders.

ANIMAL NUTRITION

•Energy

• Function

(Growth, Body movement)

• How supplies

• Metabolic breakdown of diet

• Fat deposits

• Normal conditions

• Roughage (producers)

• Good quality Working animals

Supplement and Protein.

ANIMAL NUTRITION

• ENERGY-RELATED DISORDERS:

1)- Fatty Liver Syndrome:

(Accumulation of fat within the cow’s liver.)

2)- Ketosis (Acetonemia):

(Insufficient Energy as energy demand)

Blood glucose Fat utilization and ketones formed.

3)-Rumen Acidosis:

(is said to occur when the pH of the rumen falls to less than 5.5 (normal is 6.5 to 7.0).)

4)- Laminitis (locomotion score):

(Inflamation of sensitive layer of laminae tissue inside hoof.)

5)- Abomasum Displacement and Bloat:

Due to inadequate nutrition in pregnant animals. Gas production increases and uterus displace abomasum.

ANIMAL NUTRITION

• Any of the inorganic elements, as calcium, iron, magnesium, potassium, or sodium, that are essential to the functioning of the human body and are obtained from foods .

• Some minerals

• Calcium• Bone structure

• Cell performance

• Muscle contraction

• Blood clotting

• Phosphorus• Organ structure

• Nutrient transport

• Energy utilization

ANIMAL NUTRITION

• Iron• Necessary for the transport of oxygen (via haemoglobin in red blood cells) and for oxidation by

cells (via cytochrome)

• Anaemia• Magnesium• Muscle cramps

• Constipation

• Potassium• Critical for the normal functioning of the muscles, heart, and nerves

• Controlling activity

• Smooth muscle (digestive tract)

• Skeletal muscle

• Cardiac muscle

• Transmission of electrical signals throughout the nervous system

ANIMAL NUTRITION

ANIMAL NUTRITION

• Milk Fever (Hypocalcemia)

Low blood calcium. After calving

• Symptoms• Loss of appetite

• Excitibility/restlessness Stage 1

• Muscle tremors Mechanism of Milk Fever

• Grinding teeth

• Muscular paralysis/ Depression Stage 2

• Head to side

• Lies on sternum

• Coma /Possible death Stage 3

• Treatment• Calcium injection

ANIMAL NUTRITION

• Grass tetany• Aka Grass Staggers

• MExcitability

• Inability magnesium deficiency

Problem• Grazing lush grass

• Low Mg, High K, N

• Interferes with absorption in digestive tract

Symptoms

• to stand

• Stiff muscle convulsions

• Death

Treatment• Mg injection

Prevention• Have supplements available, Cows – 20 to 30g Mg/d.

ANIMAL NUTRITION

• Udder Edema:

. Heifers with edema retain fluids in the intracellular spaces of mammary tissue, leading to swelling of the udder and teats that sometimes extends into the abdomen.

Causes: Excessive sodium and potassium

Tenderness and distended shape of teats.

Milk letdown.

Chapping of the teats can increase the risk of mastitis.

Severe swelling can do permanent damage

to the connective tissue that supports the udder.

Prevention

Recommends keeping sodium below 0.15 percent of the diet and potassium below 1.4 percent of the diet during the last three weeks before calving to avoid udder edema.

ANIMAL NUTRITION

• Vitamins

• Proper cell function

• Source

• Body produces

• Supplements

• Produced by Ruminants

(Vitamins B,C & K)

• Skin – sunlight exposure

• Vitamin D

• Essential: A ,D & E

ANIMAL NUTRITION

•Summary

Vitamins A, D, and E must be furnished in dairy cattle diets.

Water-soluble vitamins and vitamin K are synthesized in apparently adequate amounts by rumen microbes.

Special situations exist where production responses have occurred or metabolic problems corrected from supplementation of certain B vitamins.

ANIMAL NUTRITION

CONCLUSIONTo keep the herd healthy, productive and efficient MUST provide balance ration.

ANIMAL NUTRITION

By: SHARJEEL EHSAN

2K12-vas-34