Nutrition & Nutrition & Healthy Living Healthy Living

ProjectProject

Group 1 Group 1

HCS Class of 2009HCS Class of 2009

Mentor: Brandon BurtonMentor: Brandon Burton

IntroductionIntroduction

Nutrition is the study of the materials that Nutrition is the study of the materials that nourish an organism and of the manner in nourish an organism and of the manner in which the separate components are used for which the separate components are used for maintenance.maintenance.

The components that are used for maintenance The components that are used for maintenance are repair, growth, and reproduction.are repair, growth, and reproduction.

Humans require food substances to supply the Humans require food substances to supply the components necessary to build tissues, to components necessary to build tissues, to repair tissues as they wear out and die, to repair tissues as they wear out and die, to keep the body in good working condition, and keep the body in good working condition, and to supply food for energy.to supply food for energy.

In order to maintain a In order to maintain a healthy lifestyle…healthy lifestyle…

In order for a person to maintain a healthy In order for a person to maintain a healthy lifestyle, one should have a well balanced diet, lifestyle, one should have a well balanced diet, and by well balanced we mean one that and by well balanced we mean one that provides the proper amounts of each of the provides the proper amounts of each of the classes of nutrients each day.classes of nutrients each day.

The diet should furnish a proper and not The diet should furnish a proper and not excessive amount of calories a day.excessive amount of calories a day.

The foods that must be consumed in order to The foods that must be consumed in order to keep a well balanced diet should consists of keep a well balanced diet should consists of proteins, carbohydrates, fats, vitamins, proteins, carbohydrates, fats, vitamins, minerals, and water.minerals, and water.

Other ways one can Other ways one can maintain a healthy living…maintain a healthy living…

Healthy living includes physical, mental, Healthy living includes physical, mental, emotional, social, and spiritual wellness or emotional, social, and spiritual wellness or well being.well being.

Parks and exercising facilities in an area can Parks and exercising facilities in an area can motivate an individual to keep exercising and motivate an individual to keep exercising and maintain a healthy life style. maintain a healthy life style.

If one’s job or school is near their home, If one’s job or school is near their home, walking is recommended as a mode of walking is recommended as a mode of exercise.exercise.

Stress can deteriorate an individuals life style, Stress can deteriorate an individuals life style, therefore, it is not recommended to stress out therefore, it is not recommended to stress out when life has its downfalls. when life has its downfalls.

What is the food What is the food pyramid?pyramid?

The food pyramid is a general guideline of The food pyramid is a general guideline of what one should eat daily. The official food what one should eat daily. The official food pyramid was created in 1992.pyramid was created in 1992.

The overall goal of the food pyramid was to The overall goal of the food pyramid was to express the different food groups clearly express the different food groups clearly enough so that it can be easier for people to enough so that it can be easier for people to follow.follow.

The food pyramid consists of the different The food pyramid consists of the different food groups that should be consumed in food groups that should be consumed in order to be healthy. (fats, meats and beans, order to be healthy. (fats, meats and beans, fruits, vegetables, dairy products, and fruits, vegetables, dairy products, and grains)grains)

The Food PyramidThe Food Pyramid

Obesity Obesity Obesity is a cardio vascular disorder that is Obesity is a cardio vascular disorder that is

mainly caused by an excessive amount of body mainly caused by an excessive amount of body fat that the body produces. Body Mass Index fat that the body produces. Body Mass Index (BMI) was introduced in order to determine if (BMI) was introduced in order to determine if people are obese or overweight.people are obese or overweight.

BMI has a set up scale for both adults and BMI has a set up scale for both adults and children.children.

When doing a physical, doctors usually When doing a physical, doctors usually determine if a patient is obese with the weight determine if a patient is obese with the weight that the person currently weighs and their that the person currently weighs and their height.height.

Obesity is one of the deadliest disorders that Obesity is one of the deadliest disorders that Americans die from sue to illnesses like Americans die from sue to illnesses like diabetes and cardio vascular disease.diabetes and cardio vascular disease.

Calculation of BMICalculation of BMI If an individual weighs 160 pounds and If an individual weighs 160 pounds and

whose height is five feet and ten inches tall. whose height is five feet and ten inches tall. Convert the person’s height into inches: (5 Convert the person’s height into inches: (5 feet x 12 inches) + 10 inches = 70 inches.feet x 12 inches) + 10 inches = 70 inches.

Then the person’s height has to be squared: Then the person’s height has to be squared: 70 x 70 = 4,900. Divide the weight by the 70 x 70 = 4,900. Divide the weight by the squared height: 160/4,900 = .0326.squared height: 160/4,900 = .0326.

Finally, multiply the correcting factor of 703 Finally, multiply the correcting factor of 703 since we are not using metric: .0326 x 703 = since we are not using metric: .0326 x 703 = 22.9.22.9.

The BMI in this case is 22.9 and according to The BMI in this case is 22.9 and according to the scale, the person maintains a healthy the scale, the person maintains a healthy weight.weight.

The BMI ScaleThe BMI Scale

Statistics on ObesityStatistics on Obesity

In New York City, the majority of the people In New York City, the majority of the people that suffer from obesity are African that suffer from obesity are African Americans and Latinos. There is a Americans and Latinos. There is a difference when the statistics of these difference when the statistics of these groups are compared to those of groups are compared to those of Caucasians. Caucasians.

Colorado is considered healthiest state in Colorado is considered healthiest state in the United States. However, states like the United States. However, states like Alabama, Mississippi, Oklahoma, South Alabama, Mississippi, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, and West Virginia are Carolina, Tennessee, and West Virginia are populated with more people being obese.populated with more people being obese.

DiabetesDiabetes

Diabetes is mainly known to affect the Diabetes is mainly known to affect the minority groups like African minority groups like African Americans and Latinos. Also it can Americans and Latinos. Also it can affect the elderly. There are two types affect the elderly. There are two types Diabetes- Diabetes Type 1 (IDDM) and Diabetes- Diabetes Type 1 (IDDM) and Diabetes Type 2 (NIDDM).Diabetes Type 2 (NIDDM).

Diabetes Type 1 is closely related with Diabetes Type 1 is closely related with children being affected with it and it children being affected with it and it is often called juvenile diabetes.is often called juvenile diabetes.

The Two Types of The Two Types of DiabetesDiabetes

In Diabetes Type 1, insulin is not frequently In Diabetes Type 1, insulin is not frequently produced which means that the body does produced which means that the body does not get much energy that it needs.not get much energy that it needs.

Insulin is the hormone that breaks down Insulin is the hormone that breaks down starches to make glucose which also known starches to make glucose which also known as energy.as energy.

Diabetes Type 2 affects individuals because Diabetes Type 2 affects individuals because in this case insulin is not made (similar to in this case insulin is not made (similar to type 1) or the cells do not respond to the type 1) or the cells do not respond to the insulin produced.insulin produced.

The Relationship Between The Relationship Between Obesity and DiabetesObesity and Diabetes

Obesity is a risk factor that puts an Obesity is a risk factor that puts an individual at risk of developing diabetes. individual at risk of developing diabetes. The high amounts of fat in the body The high amounts of fat in the body affects the veins & then the cells do not affects the veins & then the cells do not receive enough glucose.receive enough glucose.

If a person is obese and diabetic there is If a person is obese and diabetic there is a very high chance of the person dying. a very high chance of the person dying. Both types of diabetes can affect main Both types of diabetes can affect main organs such as the heart, liver, and organs such as the heart, liver, and kidney.kidney.

Cardio Vascular DiseaseCardio Vascular Disease

Cardio Vascular Disease is characterized Cardio Vascular Disease is characterized by a dysfunction of the heart and the by a dysfunction of the heart and the blood vessels.blood vessels.

CVD is a condition that involves the CVD is a condition that involves the narrowed or blocked blood vessels. It can narrowed or blocked blood vessels. It can lead to a heart attack, chest pain, and lead to a heart attack, chest pain, and stroke.stroke.

This condition is considered to be the This condition is considered to be the leading cause of death for Whites, Blacks, leading cause of death for Whites, Blacks, Hispanics, Indians, and Alaska natives.Hispanics, Indians, and Alaska natives.

Socioeconomic Factors & Socioeconomic Factors & DemographicsDemographics

Nutrition is comprised of many factors Nutrition is comprised of many factors that help with building it. Socio that help with building it. Socio economic factors, environment, and economic factors, environment, and demographics are such.demographics are such.

Socioeconomic factors are determinants Socioeconomic factors are determinants consisting of income, ethnicity, and consisting of income, ethnicity, and community.community.

One’s environment can determine the One’s environment can determine the type of people that live there and how type of people that live there and how they live their lives based on the stores they live their lives based on the stores and the facilities near by.and the facilities near by.

The Correlation Between The Correlation Between Nutrition, Socio economic Nutrition, Socio economic factors, and Demographicsfactors, and Demographics

It was determined that the It was determined that the foods that are consumed at a foods that are consumed at a neighborhood may be based on neighborhood may be based on the income level, ethnicities, the income level, ethnicities, types of grocery stores or types of grocery stores or supermarkets, and the health supermarkets, and the health facilities that are present.facilities that are present.

PurposePurpose

The purpose of this project is to The purpose of this project is to find the relationship between the find the relationship between the quality and availability of food quality and availability of food and health related conditions and health related conditions present in a neighborhood. We present in a neighborhood. We were also advised to take note of were also advised to take note of the dominant ethnic groups in the dominant ethnic groups in the neighborhood.the neighborhood.

Hypothesis Hypothesis Low income areas have poorer quality and Low income areas have poorer quality and

limited availability of fresh food from local food limited availability of fresh food from local food suppliers. These neighborhoods have fewer suppliers. These neighborhoods have fewer health facilities such as fitness centers, health facilities such as fitness centers, nutritional supplement retailers, and health nutritional supplement retailers, and health food stores. These areas are more prone to food stores. These areas are more prone to health related illnesses and conditions; such as health related illnesses and conditions; such as obesity, diabetes, and cardio vascular disease. obesity, diabetes, and cardio vascular disease. Food retailers of natural organic products do Food retailers of natural organic products do not open businesses in low income areas due not open businesses in low income areas due to income level, taxes, and high crime rates. to income level, taxes, and high crime rates. Low income consumers do not patronize these Low income consumers do not patronize these businesses due to residence, lack of health businesses due to residence, lack of health education, and high prices of good quality education, and high prices of good quality foods.foods.

Methods & Observations Methods & Observations

The information provided relates to our The information provided relates to our project because the objective in this project is project because the objective in this project is to find the quality of foods and health related to find the quality of foods and health related conditions based on the neighborhood. conditions based on the neighborhood.

Also each student was assigned to keep a food Also each student was assigned to keep a food log with his or her food intake, amount of log with his or her food intake, amount of water taken, and modes of exercise. The food water taken, and modes of exercise. The food logs helped us determine if the students were logs helped us determine if the students were eating healthy, drinking enough water, and eating healthy, drinking enough water, and getting the proper amount of exercise.getting the proper amount of exercise.

Methods & Observations Methods & Observations (cont.)(cont.)

We went on site visits to different We went on site visits to different neighborhoods. Our purpose was to neighborhoods. Our purpose was to determine if the people in the determine if the people in the neighborhoods were consuming the proper neighborhoods were consuming the proper foods. The foods that were considered foods. The foods that were considered proper were from the food groups in the proper were from the food groups in the food pyramid.food pyramid.

We visited the farmer’s markets, grocery We visited the farmer’s markets, grocery stores, and supermarkets in the boroughs of stores, and supermarkets in the boroughs of Manhattan (Washington Heights), Brooklyn, Manhattan (Washington Heights), Brooklyn, Staten Island, the Bronx, and Queens.Staten Island, the Bronx, and Queens.

Methods & Observations Methods & Observations (cont.)(cont.)

Some of the food presented at farmer’s Some of the food presented at farmer’s market were not presented well and the market were not presented well and the food did not look like it was well prepared.food did not look like it was well prepared.

The corner stores sold unhealthy foods and The corner stores sold unhealthy foods and low prices which makes it easier to buy low prices which makes it easier to buy unhealthy food.unhealthy food.

The supermarkets in low income areas sold The supermarkets in low income areas sold unhealthy foods aswell. (unhealthy parts of unhealthy foods aswell. (unhealthy parts of the animal and large amounts of junk food)the animal and large amounts of junk food)

Pictures of Farmer’s Pictures of Farmer’s MarketsMarkets

The Purpose of Farmer’s The Purpose of Farmer’s MarketsMarkets

Since 1976, staff, volunteers, and Since 1976, staff, volunteers, and farmers have been working together farmers have been working together in order to bring out regional in order to bring out regional agriculture to preserve farm land and agriculture to preserve farm land and ensure a continuing supply of fresh, ensure a continuing supply of fresh, local produce for New Yorkers. local produce for New Yorkers.

EBT, Food Stamps, WIC, and Senior EBT, Food Stamps, WIC, and Senior FMNP coupons are accepted at some FMNP coupons are accepted at some farmer’s markets, but not all.farmer’s markets, but not all.

More PicturesMore Pictures

ConclusionConclusion There is a correlation between the health related There is a correlation between the health related

diseases and the distribution and availability of diseases and the distribution and availability of produce in the different areas. The low income produce in the different areas. The low income areas did have a poor food availability.areas did have a poor food availability.

There are several solutions that can be brought There are several solutions that can be brought out in order to solve problems in the distribution out in order to solve problems in the distribution of goods. More farmer’s markets can come of goods. More farmer’s markets can come together in order to sell their goods to the people together in order to sell their goods to the people in a neighborhood without farmers markets. Also in a neighborhood without farmers markets. Also more health facilities should be accessible to the more health facilities should be accessible to the members of a community. Educative programs members of a community. Educative programs can help educate families about eating healthy, can help educate families about eating healthy, going to farmer’s market to purchase high going to farmer’s market to purchase high quality produce, and prevent health conditions quality produce, and prevent health conditions that develop from not eating healthy foods.that develop from not eating healthy foods.

Conclusion (cont.)Conclusion (cont.)

There can also be a code or an There can also be a code or an inspection carried out to ensure that inspection carried out to ensure that the food presented at food markets and the food presented at food markets and how they display the food to the public. how they display the food to the public.

Even with the Food Pyramid available Even with the Food Pyramid available to the public, it is still hard for people to the public, it is still hard for people to maintain a healthy lifestyle due to to maintain a healthy lifestyle due to the different socioeconomic factors.the different socioeconomic factors.

References References

““Sales, Promotions & Food Sales, Promotions & Food Consumptions”. Pub Med. Nutrition Consumptions”. Pub Med. Nutrition Review. 2009 Jun; 67(6): 333-342Review. 2009 Jun; 67(6): 333-342

““Nutrition and Well Being”. A-Z Nutrition and Well Being”. A-Z Education. Delores C.S. James. New York: Education. Delores C.S. James. New York: Mac Millan Reference. USA, 2004. 2uds.Mac Millan Reference. USA, 2004. 2uds.

Nutrition Research. Jan 2008. volume 28 Nutrition Research. Jan 2008. volume 28 (pg 13)(pg 13)

Gale Database, JSTOR, and EBSCO Host.Gale Database, JSTOR, and EBSCO Host.

Acknowledgments Acknowledgments

Brandon Burton (Mentor)Brandon Burton (Mentor) Scott and Rami (Co-mentors)Scott and Rami (Co-mentors) Dr. Sat BhattacharyaDr. Sat Bhattacharya HCS StaffHCS Staff Raquel Gonzalez & Esmeralda GilRaquel Gonzalez & Esmeralda Gil And all of you for listening And all of you for listening

Questions????Questions????