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Nutrition and the Older Adult. Conditions and interventions Angie stiegemeyer , MA,rD,LD , BSN,RN Southeast Missouri State University. Health-sense of well-being Quality of Life-measure of life satisfaction Medical Nutrition Therapy-treatment of nutritional aspects of disease. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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CONDITIONS AND INTERVENTIONS
ANGIE STIEGEMEYER, MA,RD,LD, BSN,RNSOUTHEAST MISSOURI STATE UNIVERSITY
Nutrition and the Older Adult
Health-sense of well-being
Quality of Life-measure of life satisfaction
Medical Nutrition Therapy-treatment of nutritional aspects of disease
Topics Covered
Cardiovascular Disease (CVD)/Heart DiseaseStrokeHypertentionDiabetes/DMOsteoporosisConstipationOsteoarthritisAlzheimer’s DiseaseUnderweightElder AbuseEnd of Life Care
Nutrition for CVD
Decrease amount of fat
Reduce cholesterol intake
Increase fiber, F & VLimit Sodium
ExerciseMaintain Healthy
WeightReduce StressSmoking Cessation
Stroke
Reduced blood flow to brainEtiology
Blocked arteries Easily clotting blood cells
Effects Deprive brain of oxygen-nerve cells die
Differing levels of paralysis
Stroke
Risk Factors Hypertension, high chol., DM, smoking, family hx,
obesityS/S: FAST
F-Facial weakness A-Arm & Leg Problems S-Speech Problems T-Time to call 911
Nutrition Normalize blood pressure
Hypertension
Systolic 140mm Hg or higher AND/OR Diastolic 90 mm Hg or higher
Effects- excess tension on vessels & organs Wears them out before normal aging process Kidney damage
Risk Factors Excess alcohol intake, high sat. fat intake, overweight
& obesity, low calcium intake, smoking
Nutrition for Hypertension
DASH DietWeight managementModerate alcohol intakeLimit sodiumAdequate calcium, potassium, magnesium
DM
1/5 over 65Greater risk for CVDEffects
Amputations Macular degeneration Vision loss Neuropathies Increased platelet aggregation Increased infection Decreased healing
Nutrition for DM
Diagnosis and criteria for mgmt same as younger adult
If kidney disease, limit protein (0.8-1.0 g/kg)MVIAssess cognitive function and create
appropriate care planAsses Hemoglobin A1C
Below 7% is goal
1
135---------6%170---------7%205--------8%240--------9%275--------10%310--------11%345-------12%
Osteoporosis
Porous bones80% womenBone density greatly declines after
menopauseEffects-falls & fractures
Wrist, spine, hips Kyphosis
Osteoporosis
Nutrition Calcium Vitamin D Exercise Limit caffeine F & V Limit sodium Limit SSRIs
Chronic Constipation
2 or less BM Q WeekEtiology
Medications Diseases-Parkinson’s, cancer, DM,IBS
Risk Factors Dehydration Medications Mineral supplements
Chronic Constipation
Treatment Exercise Fluid Fiber
Foods psyllium
Avoid laxatives if possible Bowel Retraining
Osteoarthritis
Etiology-cartilage loss, hardening of soft tissue, inflammation, changes in synovial membrane
Pain in joints-most common in knees & hips
Osteoarthritis
Treatment Control pain Weight loss Antioxidants Flavanoids Vitamin D Chondrotin & Glucosamine-cartilage repair Fatty acids & Oils
Alzheimer's Disease
Dementia-memory impairmentPlaques & Tangles in brainEffects
Confusion anxiety agitation loss of oral muscular control impairment of hunger & thirst mechanisms chewing & swallowing difficulties
Alzheimer's Disease
Treatment Safety Maintain nutrient dense diet
Plenty of time Focus on eating Serve finger foods Encourage drinks
Nutrition forUnderweight & Unintentional Weight Loss
Adequate kcals1-1.5 g/kg protein1 mL/kcal fluidNutrient dense foodsAdded fatsAdded kcalsBoost, Ensure
Elder Abuse
Abuse, neglect, exploitation
1-800-392-0210 (For suspected elder mistreatment in the home and in long-term care facilities)
End of Life Care
Respect patient & family’s wishesCollaborate & Refer
Palliative care, HospiceCompassion & Empathy