Nutrition and Physical Activity

In this chapter, you will Learn About…

Why your body needs nutrients.

How to follow a balanced eating plan.

Making healthful food choices.

The many benefits of physical activity.

Why Your Body Needs Nutrients

In this lesson, you will Learn About…

Why your food choices are important.

The various kinds of food that your body

needs.

How various kinds of foods affect your body.

Why Your Body Needs Nutrients

The Vocabulary terms for this lesson are:

Nutrition

Nutrients

Carbohydrates

Fiber

Proteins

Fats

Vitamins

Minerals

Food Is Fuel

Food is your body’s fuel. Food:

Gives the body the energy it needs to function. Provides the building blocks that allow the

body to grow and repair itself.

1.Morning is an important time to refuel.

2.An empty stomach tells your brain you need to eat. That signal is hunger.

Food Is Fuel (cont’d.)

4.Your body burns food energy to perform everyday activities, such as taking a test.

5.After spending energy, your body needs refueling again.

3.Healthful meals provide fuel to meet your body’s needs.

Food Is Fuel (cont’d.)

During your teen years, your body grows rapidly.

You need to provide your body with the right foods.

Understanding nutrition will help you know what kinds of food your body needs for good health.

The Nutrients in Foods

Nutrients are grouped into the following categories:

Carbohydrates

Proteins

Fats

Vitamins

Minerals

Water

Carbohydrates

Examples of carbohydrates

Simple carbohydrates (Sugars) Fruits Milk Table sugar

Complex carbohydrates (Starchy foods) Bread Rice Pasta Potatoes

Carbohydrates (cont’d.)

Your body breaks down complex carbohydrates into simple sugars.

Many starchy foods also contain fiber.

Fiber helps carry wastes out of your body.

Proteins

Complete proteins contain all the building blocks your body needs to build and maintain strong muscles.

Examples of complete proteins:

Meat and other animal products, such as eggs

Rice + Beans

Fats

Fats carry certain vitamins in your blood and help keep your skin healthy.

Eating too much fat can contribute to weight gain, heart disease, and cancer.

High-fat foods include salad dressings, doughnuts, and fries.

Vitamins

Vitamins help your body use other nutrients and fight disease.

Fruits, whole-grain breads, leafy green vegetables, and some meats are examples of foods that are rich in vitamins.

There are two types of vitamins:

Water-soluble - must be replaced every day. Fat-soluble - stored in the body for larger

periods.

Minerals

Minerals aid many body functions and allow the body to use other nutrients.

Different foods contain different minerals.

Foods rich in minerals:

Milk and meat Dried beans Vegetables and fruits Whole-grain cereals

Water

Water carries nutrients throughout the body and so is essential to life. Water also:

Helps with digestion.

Removes wastes from the body.

Cools the body off.

Reviewing Terms and Facts

1. Define the term nutrition.

Nutrition is the science that studies the substances in food and how the body uses them.

Reviewing Terms and Facts

2. List the six categories of nutrients.

The six categories of nutrients are:

1. Carbohydrates2. Proteins3. Fats4. Vitamins5. Minerals 6. Water

3. List three things that food does for you.

1. Food gives the body the energy it needs to function.

2. Food provides the building blocks that allow the body to grow and repair itself.

3. Food helps you feel your best, and perform at your peak.

Reviewing Terms and Facts

Vocabulary Review

Nutrition is the science that studies the substances in food and how the body uses them.

Vocabulary Review

Nutrients are substances in food that your body needs.

Vocabulary Review

Carbohydrates are the main source of energy for your body.

Vocabulary Review

Fiber is the tough, stringy part of raw fruits, raw vegetables, whole wheat, and other grains, which you cannot digest.

Vocabulary Review

Proteins are essential for the growth and repair of all the cells in your body.

Vocabulary Review

Fats are another source of energy available to the body.

Vocabulary Review

Vitamins are substances that help regulate body functions.

Vocabulary Review

Minerals are elements in foods that help your body work properly.

Fold a sheet of paper along the long axis, leaving a ½” tab along the side.

Turn the paper and fold into thirds.

Cut the top layer along both folds. Then cut each tab in half to make six tabs.

Turn the paper vertically and label the tabs as shown.

Under the appropriate tab, write down major concepts, definitions, and food sources of each type of nutrient.

Rate your nutrition and fitness habits.

Take the Health Inventory for Chapter 5 at http://health.glencoe.com