NUTRIENTS AT WORKChapter 5

The Nutrients in Foods

6 Nutrients in Foods Carbohydrates Proteins Fats Vitamins Minerals Water

Nutrients and Health

Malnutrition vs. Starvation

Food Deserts vs. Developing Nations

Anemia vs. Obesity

Nutrients affect

Factors that influence health:

• Heredity

• Lifestyle

• Food Choices

Health

Appearance FitnessWeight IllnessHealing Emotional

Strength

Nutrient RequirementsRDA Amount of nutrients needed by

98% of a populationDRI Amount of nutrients needed by

a particular group based on age and gender

AI Nutrient standard when there

isn’t enough information to determine an appropriate level

The Digestive Process Digestion begins with

the eyes The digestive tract is 26

feet long The digestive tract

extends from the mouth to the rectum

Digestion Eyes

Sight and aroma affect saliva—very important for digestion Identify flavors: salty,

bitter, sour, sweet and umami

Chefs consider presentation as important as taste

Mouth Teeth grind food create surface area for

chemical reactions—enzymes convert carbohydrates into sugars

Stomach can not digest large pieces of food

Digestion Peristalsis reflexively

moves food from esophagus to stomach by contracting and relaxing.

A valve at the end of esophagus prevents backward movement of acids and food Acid Reflux

Digestion Stomach can hold

6 cups of food Proteins and fats

break down in stomach

Produces gastric juices Ulcers

Food Breakdown Varies by Nutrient Carbohydrates1-4

hours Proteins 3-5 hours Fats 12 hours

Digestion Most nutrients are

absorbed Small intestine breaks

down food Bile—produced in liver

Stored in gallbladder Pancreatic Juices

Enzymes made by pancreas

Intestinal Juice Produced by small intestine

Digestion Large intestine

Absorbs water Removes waste

from the body

Digestion Rectum

8 inches in length Storehouse for poop Contracts to send

waste to anusAnus Controls the expulsion

of waste from the body

Nutrient Transportation and Storage

• Do not break down

• Amino acids

• Fatty Acids

• Glucose

Carbs Fats

Vitamins

MineralsWater

Proteins

Bloodstream Transports

Nutrients to Cells Stores Excess Nutrients as fat

Fat Soluble Vitamins and

Minerals Stored, Water Soluble

eliminated

Metabolism The use of nutrients to provide energy Metabolism determines the rate of

kcalories burned through living Decreases with age and inactivity, leads to

weight gain BMI-varies from individual

Calculating BMIBMI Formula Status

Aspect Ratio Test

(Should appear circular)

16x9

4x3

Teen Needs

CarbohydratesProteinFat

Aspect Ratio Test

(Should appear circular)

16x9

4x3

Adult Needs

CarbohydratesProteinFat