Nutrient NeedsNutrient Needs

•The study of how your body uses the food you eat.

Nutrition

•Poor nutrition over an extended period of time.•Body does not get what it needs from food

•Body does not have the nutrients it needs forenergy, growth, repair and the regulation ofvarious body processes.

Malnutrition

So what do we eat?

•Food is made up of Nutrients…..a chemical found in foods, critical to human growth and function.

Nutrients…•Supply energy•Help build cells and tissues•Regulate body processes

Malnutrition Causes overweight and underweight

health situations Delays or inhibits growth and

development as well as resistance to diseases in children

Affects teenage girls in childbearing years

Severely affects unborn child in pregnant women

Affects your health and life span

NutrientsNutrients

CarbohydratesCarbohydrates FatsFats ProteinsProteins VitaminsVitamins MineralsMinerals WaterWater

CarbohydratesCarbohydrates #1 ENERGY source#1 ENERGY source Mainly from plant sourcesMainly from plant sources Whole grain—important for fiberWhole grain—important for fiber Fiber –non digestible 20 – 35 g/day (age + Fiber –non digestible 20 – 35 g/day (age +

5)5) Two types---simple and complexTwo types---simple and complex 4 Calories/gram4 Calories/gram All must get broken down into simple All must get broken down into simple

sugars for the body to absorbsugars for the body to absorb Glucose, sucrose, fructose, maltose, Glucose, sucrose, fructose, maltose,

lactose, starch, celluloselactose, starch, cellulose

FatsFats Promote healthy skin and cell growthPromote healthy skin and cell growth Saturated fats Saturated fats raise LDL raise LDL Unsaturated fats Unsaturated fats may lower cholesterol may lower cholesterol Monounsaturated and Polyunsaturated fatsMonounsaturated and Polyunsaturated fats Hydrogenation—CriscoHydrogenation—Crisco Trans fatty acids—partially hydrogenated oilsTrans fatty acids—partially hydrogenated oils 9 calories/gram9 calories/gram Energy source– transport nutrients (fat sol. Vit)Energy source– transport nutrients (fat sol. Vit) Excess stored as fat in the bodyExcess stored as fat in the body Cholesterol—LDL , HDL a fat like substanceCholesterol—LDL , HDL a fat like substance Adds flavor to foodsAdds flavor to foods

ProteinProtein The chemical building blocks of the body The chemical building blocks of the body

needed for growth, maintenance and repair of needed for growth, maintenance and repair of tissues.tissues.

Repair body tissues, immune systemRepair body tissues, immune system 1/5 of entire body weight1/5 of entire body weight Excess stored as fatExcess stored as fat Chains of amino acids—22 needed 9 essentialChains of amino acids—22 needed 9 essential Complete proteins–animal source and soyComplete proteins–animal source and soy Incomplete proteins—missing 1 key amino acidIncomplete proteins—missing 1 key amino acid Kwashiorkor—deficiencyKwashiorkor—deficiency 4 calories/gram4 calories/gram

VitaminsVitamins Keep body tissues healthy and help systems function properlyKeep body tissues healthy and help systems function properly Fat soluble—ADEKFat soluble—ADEK Water soluble—C, B Water soluble—C, B OrganicOrganic A—vision—beta carotene—dark green leafy and A—vision—beta carotene—dark green leafy and

yellow/orangeyellow/orange D—calcium absorption—sunshine vitamin—fortified milk D—calcium absorption—sunshine vitamin—fortified milk

ricketsrickets E– antioxidant, clear skin nuts and oils, green leafy veggiesE– antioxidant, clear skin nuts and oils, green leafy veggies K—clotting of the blood green leafy veggie, daily, egg yolksK—clotting of the blood green leafy veggie, daily, egg yolks C—immune system—ascorbic acid, maintain healthy bones, C—immune system—ascorbic acid, maintain healthy bones,

teeth, iron absorption, antioxidant scurvyteeth, iron absorption, antioxidant scurvy B—in all grains—B—in all grains— Niacin—b3 nervous system and carbs to energy pellagraNiacin—b3 nervous system and carbs to energy pellagra Riboflavin b2 carbs to energyRiboflavin b2 carbs to energy Thiamin b1 carbs to energy, nervous system beri beriThiamin b1 carbs to energy, nervous system beri beri Folate—birth defects, builds red blood cells with b12 green Folate—birth defects, builds red blood cells with b12 green

leafy veggies, grainsleafy veggies, grains

MineralsMinerals Macro and micro minerals (trace elements)Macro and micro minerals (trace elements) InorganicInorganic Calcium-bone growth , osteoporosisCalcium-bone growth , osteoporosis Phosphorus-with calcium, build body cellsPhosphorus-with calcium, build body cells Sodium, chlorine, potassium-osmosis-fluid Sodium, chlorine, potassium-osmosis-fluid

balancebalance Iron-carries oxygen in bloodIron-carries oxygen in blood Zinc-body heals, growth of tissuesZinc-body heals, growth of tissues Fluorine-strengthens teeth-waterFluorine-strengthens teeth-water Iodine-bodies use of energy-Iodized saltIodine-bodies use of energy-Iodized salt

WaterWater

Critical to survival Critical to survival 60% of your body (80% of blood)60% of your body (80% of blood) Needed in most chemical reactions in Needed in most chemical reactions in

bodybody HydrationHydration Temperature control of the bodyTemperature control of the body Weight 3-8=new needs in glasses/dayWeight 3-8=new needs in glasses/day Sources—water, juices, milk, fruit, soup Sources—water, juices, milk, fruit, soup

etc..etc..