NuSTAR – An Overview Reiner Krücken Technische Universität München NuSTAR

NuSTAR – An Overview

Reiner KrückenTechnische Universität MünchenNuSTAR

Nuclear STructure, Astrophysics and Reactions

Annual NUSTAR Collaboration Meeting

> 800 members from 37 countries and 146 institutions

2Reiner Krücken - NuSTAR

Chair of the NuSTAR Board: Thomas Nilsson (Chalmers)

Low-energy QCD using chiral dynamics

Chiral extrapolation

Relativistic Nuclear Energy Density Functional constraint by low-energy QCD • isospin dependent forces from chiral dynamics

• natural inclusion of

• 3-body interactions

• tensor and spin-orbit forces

• pairing interaction

• Low-energy QCD is non perturbative no analytical ab-initio calculations possible

• Chiral Pertubation Theory offers possibility to study Structure and Phases of QCD


Nuclei – towards a unified theoretical framework

Vlow-k, VUCOM (+3N)

AV18, CD Bonn + 3N EFT

Greens Function Monte CarloNo Core Shell Model

Coupled Cluster

Large Scale Shell Model

Density Functional TheoryRelativistic Mean Field Theory


New shell gaps through residual interaction

Nuclear structure at the extremes of isospin

New shell gaps through residual interaction

Halos

11Li

9Li

2n

δrRn-Rp

Neutron Skins Neutron stars

EOS

Shell quenching bydiffuse surface

Interplay

sdr

dUUU lss

Soft collective modes(Pygmy Resonance)


40

39 41

32

31

302928

27

262524

23

18 O (1970)

F (1999)

Ne (2002)

24

4038

37

36

36

35

3433

544644434240 48

50

45

49484746

32

Na

Mg

Al

Si

P

S

Cl

Ar

K

Ca

Sc

Ti

36

43

44

19 31

222120

47

51

Classic shells

New shells

island of inversion

deformed ground state

34

16 17

15 N (1985)

Na (2002)

Mg (2007)

Si (2007)

Al (2007)

new doubly magic nucleiN=16

N=34N=28

N=20

N=8

Changing shell structure in light nuclei


Nuclear Astrophysics at FAIR

rp-, p-process:• masses at & beyond the proton drip-line• (p,), (,p) rates

r - process


r-process:• masses, half-lives• -delayed neutron emission• (,n), (n,) rates• shell structure

FAIR will provide unique access to many nuclei relevant in explosive nucleosynthesis

rp- p

roce

ss

Shell structure and the r-processNuclear shell structure- defines r-process path- imprinted in abundance pattern- maybe modified for exotic nuclei

r - process

Pfeiffer et al.

J.J. Cowan, C. Sneden, Nature 440 ( 2006)

robust r-process pattern

Combine accurate nuclear physics and precision astronomy to constrain astrophysical scenarios


Central Topics for NuSTAR at FAIR

• Quest for the limits of existence

• Halos, Open Quantum Systems, Few Body Correlations

• Changing shell structure far away from stability

• Skins, new collective modes, nuclear matter, neutron stars

• Phases and symmetries of the nuclear many body system

• Understanding the origin of the heavy elements

unified theory (ab-initio, density functional, shell model)


The Super-FRS

Central instrument for the NuSTAR program!!


Z

Super-FRS

FRS30X

10X

Two-stage separation yields isotopic nuclear beams

Fission

Fragmentation

I II

I II

• High acceptance for projectile fragments and fission products

• Two-stage separation for îsotopically clean beams

• More than one order of magnitude transmission gain relative to FRS

SC MultipletsRemote HandlingTarget & Beam Catcher

SC Dipoles

Cryogenics

Radiation Resistant Magnets

Technical Challenges


NuSTAR Experiments in Modularized Start Version

• ILIMA in CR: Masses and Half-lives for short-lived ions

•R3B: (full capability) Reactions with Relativistic Radioactive Beams in complete kinematics

Primary Beams

• 1012/s; 1.5-2 GeV/u; 238U28+

• Factor 100-1000

Secondary Beams

• up to factor 10 000

Accommodate LEB experiments at available Super-FRS focal points

• HISPEC: In-Flight Spectroscopy

• DESPEC: Decay Spectroscopy

• MATS: Penning trap system (Masses, Trap Assisted Spectroscopy)

• LASPEC: LASER Spectroscopy (Spins, Moments, isotope shifts)

SIS 100


NuSTAR provisional experimental areas (discussion)


NuSTAR Experimental areas (full version)


SF Magnets for the EB / MS (LoI by India)

Dipole (unit): = 4.35 m = 22.5° Bmax = 1.6 T

W = ±350 mm G = ±100 mm

Quadrupole: Leff = 0.8/1.2 m

RWarm = 300 mm

gmax = 4.7/5.2 T/m

• Energy buncher cost is covered in Module 3• Missing building (~ 5 MEuro) in Module 4• Can be built immediately when extra funds available• has high priority within NuSTAR and FAIR no delay in construction expected



• R3B will have its full capability for rates > 1pps

• High energies (> 1AGeV) world-wide unique experiments

Neutrons

Heavy fragments

Large acceptancedipole magnet

• Target• Tracker• Calorimeter

RIB from Super-FRS

Protons


R3B: Reaction studies at the highest energies in complete kinematics

• Few body correlations (halo nuclei, open quantum systems)

• Dipole response (Pygmy resonance, n-skins, neutron matter, EOS)

• Single-particle structure (shell-evolution, r-process path)

• Fission & fragmentation dynamics (large scale collective motion, symmetry energy, EOS)

• (gamma,n) reactions (r-process path)

DiamondTracker

Indian proposalCALIFAreadoutelectronics Indian proposal

NeuLANDRPC construction

NeuLAND – Neutron Detector for R3B

Detector development at SINP, Kolkata

MRPC detectors between iron convertors

Dipole Excitations of Neutron-Rich Nuclei- Symmetry Energy, Neutron Skin, and Neutron Stars -

neutron skin core vibration

LAND collaboration A. Klimkiewicz, PRL subm. P. Adrich, PRL 95 (2005)

124Sn

132Sn

Photoabsorption

Coulomb excitation

130SnP. Ring et al.


excitation of the neutron skin

Dipole Excitations of Neutron-Rich Nuclei- Symmetry Energy, EOS and Neutron Stars -

Pyg

my

stre

ngth

Asymmetry a4 [MeV]

N. Paar

RQRPA



DESPEC: decay spectroscopy using gamma-ray spectroscopy and neutron detection following isomeric or beta-decay of very exotic nuclei • Gamow Teller strength (short range correlations, nucleosynthesis, supernovae)

• Structure along the proton drip-line (proton radioactivity, rp-process)

• Structure of r-process nuclei (shell evolution, r-process path)

• g-factors and lifetimes of isomers (evolution of shells and collectivity, nuclear shapes)

• Experiments possible with stopped beams & production rates down to 1 isotope per hour • farthest reach towards the drip lines

100Sn (1 per hour)

A/Q

Z


Indian proposals:• Planar Ge• Neutron Detectors• Silicon Detectors

RISING on the way towards DESPEC

Reiner Krücken - NuSTAR 21

A. Jungclaus et al.,

PRL (2007)

S.J. Steer et al., PRC (2008)

C. Hinke, K. Eppinger et al.


LYCCAReaction product identification

Fragmentbeam

HISPEC: high resolution in-flight gamma-spectroscopy

• Excited states in exotic nuclei

• Inelastic excitation (EM, hadronic), secondary fragmentation, knock-out

• Lifetimes and g-factors of short-lived excited states

(evolution of shells and collectivity)

(phase-/shape-transitions & shape coexistence)

(isospin symmetry, pn-pairing)

• Experiments possible with medium-energy beams (50-100 AMeV)• Broad program for nuclei with A up to ~100


Coulex sample spectrum (RISING)


MATS and LASPEC: ground state properties using high-precision techniques• Penning trap system (MATS)

• High-precision masses for highly charged ions

• Trap-assisted and in-trap spectroscopy

• Laser spectroscopy (LASPEC)

• Ground state spins, moments, isotope shifts from laser spectroscopy

(evolution of shells and nuclear shapes)

(nuclear astrophysics input: masses, EC rates, GT strength)

(test of fundamental symmetries: CKM unitarity, CVC)

• Stopping in and extraction from gas-cell

• charge breeding & non-destructive techniques

• half-life limit ~10ms

• Access to refractory elements, highest precision



• Masses with precision ~50 keV

• Many masses at same time

• access to nuclei with half-lives shorter than cooling times


ILIMA in CR: mass measurements of nuclei with half-lives in the ms region • Masses of very exotic nuclei using isochronous mode & TOF technique

• Half-lives via detection of decay products with particle detectors

• Study of isomeric states

(shell evolution, effective interaction)

(nuclear astrophysics input: masses, half-lives)

ILIMA in CR

Reiner Krücken - NuSTAR 25

Super-FRS+CR enables unique program for mass and lifetime measurements of very short lived, few-electron ions

In particular large areas of the r-process path can be covered

Low-energy cave and Energy Buncher

Dedicated Low-Energy-Branch experimental area more efficient experimental program:

• no loss of time through set-up work• access during other experimental runs (R3B)


NuSTAR programme at the NESR (Module 4)

Experiments with stored, electron cooled ion beams• World-wide unique• Conceptionally new experiments

ILIMA• electron cooled beams needed for

• higher precision and separation(ground and isomeric states)• time-resolved studies (unique decay modes, e.g. bound beta decay)

• studies with pure isomeric beams

EXL: Elastic and inelastic scattering, reaction with low-momentum transfer• matter distributions, monopole resonances, capture reactions, charge exchange reactions, transfer, knock-out

(n-skins, compressibility, GT-strength, shell evolution, nucl. astrophysics reactions)


Vigorous R&D program and development of demonstration experiments at ESR

Electron Ion Collider (ELISe) (Phase B)

fromRESR

NESR

e-LI

NAC

Future Extension: Antiproton-Ion Collider (AIC)• neutron-skin thickness• antiproton-neutron interaction• antideuterons ?

• charge densities from (e,e) scattering• multipolarities of collective modes via (e,e’) scattering • single-particle structure from (e,e’N) reactions


The aims of NuSTAR @ FAIR

Nuclear Structure Physics: Isospin dependence of effective nuclear interaction

Modification of shell structure far off stability (role of tensor, 3-body interactions)

New effects in weakly bound & open quantum systems (halos, skins, soft modes)

Relevant symmetries, structural evolution, role of phase transitions

Nuclear Astrophysics Studies: Nuclear properties and reaction rates in explosive nucleosynthesis

Nuclear Reaction Studies: Investigate reaction dynamics for RIB production, spallation, ADS Dynamics in systems with weakly bound nucleons (halos, correlations, continuum,

low density nuclear matter)

Towards a unified description of nuclear structure and dynamics Towards and understanding of the origin of the heavy elements

Documents

NuSTAR – An Overview Reiner Krücken Technische Universität München NuSTAR