April 1992

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NURSING RESEARCH

A WHO Study

Participation,

Productivity and

Prospects in Nursing

Research in the

Western Pacific

Region

CONTENTS

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY .................................................................................................... 1

PREFACE .................................................................................................................................. 6

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ................................... , ................................................................ 8

INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................... 9

1. TIlE OBJECTIVES OF lHE STUDY ....................................................................... 9

2. MElHODS ..................................................................................................................... 10

3. RESPONDENT'S PROFILE ...................................................................................... 12

4. FINDINGS ...................................................................................................................... 12

4.1 Status of nursing research in the Region ............................................................ 12 4.2 Utilization of nursing research outputs .............................................................. 15 4.3 The needs for nursing research development .................................................... 16 4.4 Priority areas for nursing research ...................................................................... 17

5. CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS ................................................. 18

REFERENCES ....................................................................................................................... 22

TABLES:

TABLE 1 - NUMBER OF QUESTIONNAIRES SENT AND RETURNED BY COUNTRIES AND AREAS IN lHE WESTERN PACIFIC REGION .................................................... 23

TABLE 2 - DEMOGRAPHIC AND SOCIAL CHARACTERISTICS OF RESPONDENTS ......................................................................................... 24

TABLE 3 - PERCENT DISTRIBUTION OF NURSES WIlH A NON-NURSING DEGREE AND LEVEL OF NON-NURSING DEGREE RECEIVED .............................................................................. 25

TABLE 4 - RESPONDENTS UNDERTAKING RESEARCH ACTIVITY AND MEAN FREQUENCY OF UNDERTAKING ACTIVITY, 1986-1990 ....................................................................................................... 26

TABLE 5 - PERCENT OF RESPONDENTS WHO DEVELOPED OR ASSISTED IN lHE DEVELOPMENT OF A NURSING OR HEALlH DATA BASE AND WHETHER DATA BASE WAS COMPUTERIZED .......................................................................... 27

TABLE6 - TYPESOFINFORMATIONINlHEDATABASES THAT NURSE RESEARCHERS DEVELOP OR HELP DEVELOP .................................................................................................... 27

TABLE 7

TABLE 8

TABLE 9

TABLE 10

TABLE 11

TABLE 12

TABLE 13

TABLE 14

TABLE 15

TABLE 16

TABLE 17

TABLE 18

TABLE 19

TABLE 20

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PERCENT DISTRIBUTION OF THE NUMBER OF RESEARCH PROJECTS CONDUCTED OR PARTICIPATED IN BY NURSE RESEARCHERS, 1986-1990 .............................................................................................. 28

PERCENT DISTRIBUTION OF THE CATEGORIES OR AREAS OF RESEARCH PROBLEMS OR OBJECTIVES OF STUDIES CONDUCTED BY NURSE RESEARCHERS ................................................................ 28

FREQUENCY DISTRIBUTION OF AREA OF CONCERN OF STUDY/PROJECT .............................................. 29

FREQUENCY DISTRIBUTION OF PRIMARY PURPOSE OF STUDY/PROJECT ............................................... 30

FREQUENCY DISTRIBUTION OF NATURE OF PARTICIPATION OF RESPONDENTS IN STUDy/PROJECT ............................................................................ 31

PERCENT DISTRIBUTION OF TYPES OF PERSONNEL RESPONDENT WORKED WITH DURING LAST PROJECT 1986-1990 ........................................... 32

. FREQUENCY DISTRIBUTION OF GEOGRAPHICAL SCOPE OF STUDY /PROJECT ..................................................... .32

FREQUENCY DISTRIBUTION OF THE PRIMARY RESEARCH DESIGN USED IN THE STUDY /PROJECT ............................................................................ 33

FREQUENCY DISTRIBUTION OF PRIMARY METHODS OF DATA COLLECTION OF STUDY /PROJECT ............................................................................ 33

PERCENT DISTRIBUTION OF COLLABORATION IN PROJECTS UNDERTAKEN BY NURSE RESEARCHER, LAST PROJECT 1986-1990 ............................. 34

PERCENT DISTRIBUTION OF MULTI-DISCIPLINARY PROJECTS BY NURSE RESEARCHERS, LAST PROJECT 1986-1990 ........................... 34

PERCENT DISTRIBUTION OF WHETHER PROJECT CONDUCED BY NURSE RESEARCHER IS BASIC OR APPLIED, LAST PROJECT 1986-1990 .............................................................................................. 35

PERCENT DISTRIBUTION OF LEVEL OF DATA ANALYSES MADE, LAST PROJECT 1986-1990 ...................... 35

PERCENT DISTRIBUTION OF COMMISSIONED RESEARCH DONE BY NURSE RESEACHERS, LAST PROJECT 1986-1990 .............................................................. 35

TABLE 21

TABLE 22

TABLE 23

TABLE 24

TABLE 25

TABLE 26

TABLE 27

TABLE 28

TABLE 29

TABLE 30

TABLE 31

TABLE 32

TABLE 33

TABLE 34

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PERCENT OF YES RESPONSE REGARDING OTHER QUALITATIVE ASPECTS OF THE RESEARCH PROJECT, LAST PROJECT 1986-1990 .............................................................................................. 36

PERCENT DISTRIBUTION OF RATING OF OVER-ALL QUALITY OF THE PROJECT, LAST PROJECT 1986-1990 .............................................................. 36

FREQUENCY DISTRIBUTION OF PROGRAMME TOWARD WHICH STUDY/PROJECT IS EXPECTED TO CONTRIBUTE .................................................... 37

PERCENT DISTRIBUTION OF RESPONDENTS BY PRIMARY AREA OF NURSING ........................................... 38

PERCENT DISTRIBUTION OF NURSES BY PRIMARY SPECIALTY .................................................................. 38

PERCENT DISTRIBUTION OF RESPONDENTS BY CURRENT POSITION OR RANK. ........................................ 39

PERCENT DISTRIBUTION OF NURSES WITH FORMAL TRAINING IN RESEARCH, STATISTICS AND COMPUTERS, AND MEAN HOURS OF TRAINING IN THESE AREAS ............................. .40

PERCENT DISTRIBUTION OF RESPONDENTS ON SELF-ASSESSMENT OF COMPETENCE IN DOING RESEARCH .................................................................. .41

PERCENT DISTRIBUTION OF RESPONDENTS ON DEGREE OF INTEREST IN DOING RESEARCH ........................................................................................ 42

PERCENT DISTRIBUTION OF RESPONDENTS ON DEGREE OF IMPORTANCE PLACED ON RESEARCH ........................................................................................ 43

PERCENT DISTRIBUTION OF NURSES ON VARIOUS ASPECTS OF RESEARCH AT WORK ................................................................................................... 44

PERCENT OF RESPONDENTS WITH ACCESS TO RESEARCH CONDITION OR FACILITY AND MEAN RATINGS OF HOW CRITICAL CONDITION OR FACILITY TO FURTHER DEVELOPMENT OF NURSING RESEARCH ................................................................... 45

WHETHER STUDY/PROJECT WAS FUNDED .................... .47

LEVELS OF PROJECT FUNDING ............................................. .48

TABLE 35

TABLE 36

TABLE 37

TABLE 38

ANNEXES:

ANNEXA

ANNEXBl

ANNEXB2

ANNEXC

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PERCENT OF RESPONDENTS USING RESEARCH OUTPUTS AND MEAN FREQUENCY OF USE OF RESEARCH OUTPUTS, 1986-1990 ............................................... 49

SIGNIFICANT RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN PARTICIPATION AND PRODUCTIVITY IN NURSING RESEARCH AND SOCIO-DEMOGRAPHIC, EDUCATION AND TRAINING, WORK-RELATED AND ATTITUDINAL VARIABLES: RESULTS OF CHI-SQUARE TESTS ........................................... 50

DEGREE OF RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN PARTICIPATION AND PRODUCTIVITY IN NURSING RESEARCH AND SOCIO· DEMOGRAPHIC, EDUCATION AND TRAINING, WORK-RELATED, AND ATTITUDINAL VARIABLES: COEFFICIENTS .................................................... 52

STEPWISE MULTIPLE REGRESSION ANALYSES RESULTS, REGRESSION COEFFICIENTS AND OTHER STATISTICS ............................ 53

INVENTORY OF RESEARCH PROBLEMS STUDIED BY NURSE RESEARCHERS BY CATEGORY OR AREA AND VARIABLE TYPE, 1986-1990 .............................................................................................. 57

NAMES AND ADDRESSES OF NURSE RESEARCHERS IN THE WESTERN PACIFIC REGION - 1991 ................................................................................... 71

NAMES AND ADDRESSES OF INSTITUTIONS INVOLVED IN NURSING RESEARCH IN THE WESTERN PACIFIC REGION - 1991 .......................................... 83

LETTERS OF INVITATION AND DATA COLLECTION TOOL ....................................................................... 93

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WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION REGIONAL OFFICE FO~ TIlE WESTERN PAClff(::

NURSING RBSBARCH

PARTICIPATION, PRODUCTIVITY AND PROSPBCTS IN NURSING RESEARCH IN THE WESTERN PACIPIC REGION

SUKMARY

This is a report on the participation, productivity and prospects for nursing research in the Western Pacific Region, which has 2.5 million nurses. Nursing research includes research, creative work, and other related activities done by nurses. The report provides information on the the following:

(1) types, quantity, and quality of research projects/activities, human resources and facilities;

(2) availability and levels of funding for nursing research;

(3) individuals and institutions involved in nursing research;

(4) degree to which nursing research outputs are utilized;

(5) needs for nursing research development in the Region;

(6) factors that affect participation and productivity in nursing research;

(7) priority areas for nursing research; and

(8) recommendations.

Twenty-two of the 35 countries and area in the Region participated in the survey undertaken between May and August 1991. A questionnaire, developed, critiqued and pre-tested for the study, was sent to 514 nurses, 153 returned them. The period covered was 1986-1990.

Both qualitative and quantitative methods were used in the treatment of the data. The latter include frequency distributions, means and standard deviations, chi-square, product-moment correlation, and step-wise multiple repression. In addition, a registry of nurse researchers was compiled from published sources on the period covered by the survey.

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The typical nurse researcher is female, 46 years old, married, with a 3-year certificate or a bache~or degree; at least one in five with a master's or doctoral degree.

Sixty-three per cent of the nurses participated in research in the form of undertaking at least one project or study between 1986 and 1990. Participation was highest in the research-related activities like writing a paper on a completed research, writing proposals for funding, establishing a research network, having a paper published, and consultancy. Half participated in the development of a nursing or health data base. Very frequent participation was also reported in the review of manuscripts for a professional journal and research proposals f0r funding. The mean hours spent on research was 34 hours per month.

Average per capita productivity was 2.77 projects or studies over the five-year period.

Majority of the studies dealt with nursing practice, followed by nursing administration, nursing education, and theory and methodology. The most frequently studied concepts were care and caring, health needs, quality, management systems, organization, service operationalization, effectiveness of curricular programmes, needs, curricular development, scale development/validity/ reliability, and measuring phenomena.

The primary reasons for undertaking the projects were to gain more information, to decide between possible courses of action, and to solve a problem.

Eighty-two per cent of the respondents were directors, principal investigators, co-investigators or consultants of the projects.

Other qualitative aspects of the research projects include the following:

(1) the majority were local in geographic scope and one in five. was national;

(2) designs used were survey, field experiment and secondary data analysis;

(3) data collection.methods used were questionnaires, face-to-face interview, and observation;

(4) average sample size was 445 and average duration of the project was 15 months;

(5) research was multidisciplinary and applied in nature;

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(6) it was bivariate and multivariate in levels of analyses invqlving the use of computers;

(7) in at least seven out of ten cases reports were written and disseminated; 39% of these reports were published.

The projects were expected to contribute to more than one programme; these programmes are health service development, health personnel development, research promotion and development, and health information.

The human resources in nursing research came from nursing education, followed by administration and practice; by specialty they were in medical-surgical, community health, and maternal and child health nursing.

About three in five had formal training in research and statistics, and although only one in four had been trained in computers more than half knew how to use them.

Their interest in research was "high" and they considered research "very important". More than half claimed that research was part of their job description.

The conditions and facilities that are highly available for nursing research are interest in doing research, duplication and reproduction equipment, library assistance, computers and office space.

About six out of ten projects were funded and the level of this funding was usually from US$ 1000 to 9999 per project.

A total of 140 individuals and 93 institutions were identified in the survey as doing nursing research throughout the Region.

Dissemination of research fundings in the form of presentation to or discussion with various target groups ranged from 18% to 65%. Presentation to local peers was highest followed by programme implementors, national and international peers and administrative policy-makers. Dissemination was low to legislative policy-makers, lay people and the ministry of health.

High use of research outputs was reported in teaching administration and practice, solving problems in the work setting, and as reference.

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Availability of time and funds were rated as the two most critical conditions for the further development of nursing research. Other critical factors are availability of resource persons with research expertise and atmosphere conducive to research. Participation in research by the respondents would be significantly increased by making available more time and funds, as well as staff, administrative support, training and recognition. In addition to lack of time, funds and training, too much bureaucracy, and lack of administrative support and manpower were cited as significant constraints to increased participation.

Socio-demographic variables, as well as education and training, work-related, and attitudinal variables were related to participation and productivity in nursing research. The following factors were significantly related to participation: job description (work­related); highest nursing degree; training in research, statistics and computers, and competence (education and training); and degree of interest and important place in research (attitudinal) were significantly related to with participation. Only formal training in research (education and training) was associated with productivity.

Job description and competence were the most important factors in predicting participation. Formal training in research/statistics/computers, age, job description, and level of research development in the work place were significant in predicting use of research outputs. Productivity, on the other hand, was determined only by formal training in research/statistics/ computers.

Eighteen percent of the respondents reported the presence of statements on nursing research priorities in their respective countries. The research priorities as indicated by the respondents in this survey are:

(1) care and caring;

(2) nursing manpower;

(3) role of nurses and nursing;

(4) nursing theories and methodologies;

(5) nursing interventions and outcomes; and

(6) primary health care.

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,

The following recommendations are made:

(1) To maximize the contribution of nursing research to health services development and health for all, qualified nurse researchers should be invited or appointed to policy-level health research bodies at the national and regional levels:

(2) Resource sharing and collaboration between countries should be encouraged with the WHO Collaborating Centres for Nursing Development in Primary Health Care taking the lead:

(3) Training in research, statistics, and computers should be integrated in the basic nursing curriculum:

(4) Health and nursing managers should allocate a specified percent of nursing positions or time for research activities:

(5) Opportunities and support for formal and continuing education training in research should be provided.

It is further recommended that WHO in the Western Pacific Region should do the following:

(1) create a Regional Advisory Committee on Nursing Research Development;

(2) allocate a proportion of the regional health research budget to support nursing research projects in accord with country-specific and regional priorities; and

(3) strengthen the WHO Collaborating Centres for Nursing Development in Primary Health Care through regional and international collaboration and cooperation.

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P R B PAC B

Background

This study was undertaken pursuant to the Forty-Second World Health Assembly resolution WHA42.27 on strengthening nursing and midwifery in support of strategies for health for all, which urges Member States to encourage and support the development of research on more efficient and effective methods of employment of nursing/midwifery resources, including training in research methodologies and requests the Director­General to promote and support the training of nursing/midwifery personnel in research methodology in order to facilitate their participation in health research programmes, including the development of information systems on nursing/midwifery.

Modern nursing, one of the main 'caring professions', has existed in most countries in the Region since the early 1900s. Yet by global standards the profession has still not been able to adapt satisfactorily to current needs. There are now over 2.5 million nurses in the Region, an order of magnitude enjoyed by no other health professional group. Nursing and other health planning experts are aware of the dearth of scientific knowledge on which to base nursing practice in the Western Pacific Region, although such knowledge is gradually accumulating. Therefore, the joint meeting of the fourteenth session of the Western Pacific Advisory Committee on Health Research (WPACHR) and Health Research Councils for Analogous Bodies (HRC/AB), which will meet on 10 to 14 August 1992, placed on the agenda this special report on the role of nursing research and nursing in health care in this Region.

Role of the Western Pacific Advisory Committee on Health Research (WPACHR) and Health Research Councils or Analogous Bodies (HRC/AB)

The role of the WPACHR is to advise the Regional Director on the following matters:

(a) definition of policies for the promotion of research in the Region with the framework of the global WHO policy;

(b) determination of regional priorities for research and establishment of mechanisms for this purpose;

(c) development of research capability in the Region, identification and maximum utilization of locally available talent, and better use of untapped talent;

(d) collection of data on institutions, facilities, personnel and projects in the Region with a view to ultimately developing a regional research information system;

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(e) by these and other means, stimulating research in the Region on problems whose solution is identified as being of priority importance for the health of the people, improvement of coordination among countries of the Region, and promotion of a sense of awareness and communications among all scientists wor~ing on common problems; and

(f) evaluation of the programmes in terms of stated objectives and the mechanisms for implementation.

The objectives of the HRC/AB are as follows:

(a) to review the present status of national systems for the organization, development, management and coordination of health research;

(b) to develop a mechanism for cooperation in health research to facilitate implementation of the strategies for health for all;

(c) to promote the establishment of a single national focal point for the effective management and coordination of health research; and

(d) to strengthen national research capabilities.

While the populations of the Region have been growing and health care technology has been modernized, nursing development has not been able to keep up with the demand. However, noting the concern of the two above-mentioned bodies, and their wish to place the topic of nursing and nursing research on the agenda for this meeting, new possibilities for strengthening this area of the health research are expected.

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ACKBOWLBDGKBBTS

The World Health Organization Western Pacific Regional Office gratefully acknowledges the enthusiastic response of nurses from Member States, without whose willingness to make the time to answer the questions, this study could not have been completed.

Also gratefully acknowledged is the work of Dr Leda Layo-Danao, Ph.D., Dean and Professor, and Director of the WHO Collaborating Centre for Nursing Development in Primary Health Care. College of Nursing. University of the Philippines, Manila, without whose expertise and dedication to nursing research the success of this study would not have been possible.

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NURSING RESEARCH PARTICIPATION, PRODUCTIVITY AND PROSPECTS

IN NURSING RESEARCH IN THE WESTERN PACIFIC REGION

INTRODUCTION

This is a report on the study of the status of nursing research in the Western Pacific Region. The term 'nursing research'refers here to the systematic process of generating, testing, and applying knowledge. Not included in this study is the more general process of problem-solving or decision-making that nurses continually use in the practice of their profession.

The report consists of four parts. Part 1 states the objectives of the study. Part 2 describes the methods that were used. Part 3 deals with the respondents' profile. Part 4 presents the findings and Part 5 deals with the recommendations in support of nursing research and in strengthening the nursing research inputs to health service development and health for all in the Region.

1. THE OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY

The objectives of the study were as follows:

1.1 To assess the status of nursing research in the Region specifically:

1.1.1. the types, quantity, and quality of research projects/activities, human resources, and facilities

1.1.2. availability and level of funding

1.1.3. individuals and institutions involved in nursing research

1.2 To assess the degree to which the outputs of nursing research are

utilized;

1.3 To assess the needs for nursing research development in the Region;

1.4 To identify the priority areas for nursing research;

1.5 To identify the factors that affect participation and productivity in nursing research· and

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1.6 To recommend policies. directions. and/or mechanisms in support of nursing research and strengthening the nursing research inputs to health service development and health for all in the Region.

2. METHODS

Thirty-two countries and areas in the Region were divided into three groups according to the number of nurses in each. In the first group were ten countries with less than 200 nurses; in the second were 11 countries with 200 - 2000, and in the third group were 11 countries with 2000 or more.

Based on the objectives of the study, a questionnaire was developed, pretested, and presented to experts for critique. The questionnaire had four parts as follows: 1) participation and productivity in research and related ~ activities; 2) research environment and the conditions/facilities that are critical to nursing research development; 3) individuals and institutions involved in nursing research and priority areas for nursing research; and 4) socio-demographic, work-related, attitudinal and other information. A sample questionnaire is provided in Annex C.

The population of the study consists of nurses who are knowledgeable or active in research and related activities in their respective countries. At the time of the conduct of this study no listing of these nurses was available from which a random sample could be drawn. However, a list of nursing education and service leaders was available at WPRO, and a letter requesting the names of individuals who were actively involved in nursing research was sent to them.

On the basis of personal knowledge and judgment of the status of nursing research in the various countries in the Region, a decision was made that for the group I countries there would be seven respondents, and for groups II and III countries, nine and thirty respectively. The corresponding number of questionnaires were sent by mail or by personal delivery to the selected nursing education and service leaders. The instructions were for the leader to be a respondent herself if she was active in nursing research and to send or give the rest to an equal number of education and service nurses who were knowledgeable or active in nursing research. In addition, 50 questionnaires were sent to researchers, all from Group III, who were identified and referred to the investigators in response to the request letter sent to the nursing leaders.

A total of 514 questionnaires were sent to 32 countries and areas in the Region in May and June 1991. By the end of August 1991, 153 questionnaires from 22 countries had been returned. Questionnaires received after August 1991 were not included in the study. Details of the distribution of respondents by country are found in Table 1.

The response rate of 29.77% is low. The constraints of resources and time precluded call-backs. If we assume that those who responded were more highly motivated and more actively involved in research than those who did

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not, the responses in this study probably overestimate the participation, productivity, and quality of research being done.

It should also be noted that the rates of return of the questionnaires varied across the three groups of countries: Groups I and II had a questionnaire return rate of 22% while Group III had a rate of 33%. The questionnaires from these latter countries comprised 78% of the total questionnaires considered in this study. The over-representation of the information from these countries has biased the results in favour of the nursing research situation in these countries.

The questionnaire used in the study was written in English. Inaccuracies in the answers to some questions discovered during the examination of the data suggest that the range of understanding of the English language of the respondents in countries where this language is not a common medium of communication may be a factor to consider in assessing the validity and reliability of the information provided by these respondents.

The major variables used to measure research participation include: 1) whether the respondent undertook any of the research activities in the 18 - item research activity list, and if so how often; 2) whether the respondent developed or assisted in the development of a health/nursing data base; 3) whether the respondent conducted or participated in a research study/project; 4) the frequency of the respondent's dissemination and utilization of research outputs; and 5) the hours spent on research activities.

The variable used to measure productivity is the number of research studies/projects undertaken during the five-year period of the study. This was chosen because it is easily understood, measurable, and reflective of a tangible output or outcome.

The independent variables that were hypothesized to affect participation and productivity may be grouped into socio-demographic, education and training, work-related, and attitudinal variables. These were chosen on the basis of available literature showing these to be significant predictors of nurse performance (e.g. Schwirian, 1981; 1978; Layo-Danao, 1989; 1983).

The socio-demographic variables are age, civil status, and presence of children 0-5 years. The education and training variables are highest nursing degree, whether respondent had formal training in research, statistics and computers, whether respondent knows how to use computers and degree of competence in doing research. The work-related variables are whether the researcher is a salaried employee, whether research is part of the job description, whether research is done within regular working hours, position, rank, and primary classification of current nursing specialty. The attitudinal variables are degree of interest in doing research and importance placed on research.

Programme frequency distributions were generated using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) computer and, when appropriate, means and standard deviations of the variables, were generated. To determine the factors associated with research participation and productivity, the chi­square test was used. The degree of association between the relevant variables and the relative importance of the independent variables were

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determined with the Pearson product-moment correlation coefficient and stepwise multiple regression, respectively.

In addition, a directory of nurse researchers and their respective projects was drawn up from published data sources covering the same period as the 1991 survey.

3. RESPONDENTS' PROFILE

Nine out of ten respondents were female. Their age ranged from 27 to 64 years with a mean of 45.68. About 62% were married and 31% percent were single. Of the married, 17% had children five years old and below.

About one in three respondents had a 3-year certificate (36%) while ~ slightly more than one in five had a BSN degree. Seventeen per cent held master's and 10% held doctoral degrees. Close to two-fifths (39%) had a non­nursing degree at the bachelor's (29%), master's (38%), and doctoral levels (33%). (See Tables 2 and 3).

4. FINDINGS

4.1 Status of nursing research in the Region

4.1.1 Types, quantity, and quality of research projects/activities

Participation of nurses is highest in the following research activities: writing a paper on a completed piece of research, conducting a study, writing research proposals for funding, developing or helping to develop a research network, having a paper published in a non-referred journal, and research ~

consultancy. On the other hand, participation is least frequent in research activities such as editing a published book or monograph, serving on the editorial board of a referred journal and writing a book or monograph.

Mean frequency of engaging in research activity is highest in reviewing a manuscript for a professional journal, reviewing a research proposal for funding, authorship of a paper published in a referred journal and research conSUltancy. It is lowest in developing a nursing theory or model that was published, publishing a book review, and writing a chapter of a book. (Table 4).

Half of the respondents developed or assisted in the development of a nursing or health database. The databases include information on nursing manpower, nursing schools or colleges, hospitals and other establishments, health indicators, nurse registries, and other information. (Tables 5 and 6)

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Over a five-year period, the respondents reported a total of 269 research projects that they conducted or participated in for an average of 2.77 research projects per capita. (Table 7).

More than half (56%) of the research projects conducted were in the area of nursing practice, one-fifth (21%) were on nursing administration, about 16% were on nursing education, and the remaining 7% were on nursing theory and methodology. (Table 8).

Under nursing practice the most frequently studied dependent variables include care and caring; health; needs; quality; knowledge, attitudes and behaviours; mental health and functioning; pain; aspects of primary health care; effectiveness; use. The elderly were the most frequent subjects, followed by chronic and cancer patients. Under nursing administration the more common dependent variables studied were aspects of nursing administration such as management systems, organization, and service operationalization; continuing education; needs of nurses; and work variables like history, routines, and relationships. Under nursing education the dependent variables were effectiveness of curricular programmes; needs; and other aspects of the curriculum such as construction, development and review. Under methodology the more frequent concerns were scale development, validity and reliability; measuring phenomena; and conceptualization. (Annex A).

Turning now to some indicators of the quality of the projects based on the last project conducted, Table 9 shows that the areas of concern more frequently mentioned were primary health care implementation (16%), policy (11%), manpower (10%), and operations (8%). As to the primary purpose of the study, the top three purposes mentioned are to gain more information about the phenomenon, get information that will help decide between courses of action, and help solve existing problems. (Table 10).

Indicating that the respondents were senior researchers, they were project directors or principal investigators in 60% of the projects. In 13% of the projects they were co-investigators and in 9% consultants. In the remaining 18% the respondents were interviewer/observers, research assistants, programmers, field supervisors and the like. (Table 11).

The categories of personnel that the respondents worked with in the projects by order of descending frequency are data collector, clerk, statistician, research assistant, consultant, and field supervisor. The least used were programmers, research associates, and librarians. (Table 12).

Seven out of ten projects were local in geographic scope, about one in five were national, and the remainder (3%) were regional and international. (Table 13). With respect to designs and data collection methods, the survey, field experiment, and secondary data analyses were favoured for the former, while these were questionnaires, face-to-face interview, and observation for the latter. (Tables 14 and 15). Mean sample size of the projects was 445.

The majority of the last research project of the respondents was done with others (67% ), multi-disciplinary (51%), applied in nature (55%) and multivariate in level of analysis. Twenty nine per cent of the projects were commissioned projects. (Tables 16-20).

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In 59% of these projects computers were used, in 78% reports were written, and 71% of the time these reports were disseminated. Thirty nine per cent of the reports were published. Self ratings of the overall quality of the project was a mean of 2.01 or "Good". (Tables 21 and 22).

Going back to the total number of projects and the programmes towards which these are expected to contribute, Table 23 reveals that 48% contributed to more than one programme; of the one-programme projects the highest expected contribution was to health services development, followed by health manpower development, research promotion and development, and health information.

4.1.2 Human resources in nursing research

Nurses who do research are likely to be in nursing education followed by nursing administration and far below are those who are in nursing practice and continuing education. Only 3.5% of the respondents classify their primary area of nursing as nursing research.

Of specialties, medical surgical nursing is the highest, followed by community and public health and maternal and child health. By position, the instructors are ahead of the professors and associate professors. It is the reverse in nursing service rank where the chief nurse or director is one of four nurse researchers, followed by the matron and the supervisor. Not too far behind are the head nurse and staff nurse. (Tables 24-26).

As regards training in research and statistics, 58% - 60% of the respondents had formal training in these areas; while only 26% had training in computers, more than half of the respondents (55%) know how to use them. Mean hours of formal training are highest in research which is roughly equivalent to 2.1 person months, followed by statistics (1.14 person months) and computers (21.44 person days). (Table 27).

Self-assessments of the respondents' competence to do research ranges from "quite competent" to "competent". On the average, interest in research was rated "high" and research was considered "very important" by the respondents. (Tables 28 - 30) .

Table 31 presents a picture of a working environment that is relatively conducive to research. It shows that 64% of the respondents spent part of their working time on research, usually within the regular work time, and that for more than half of these respondents (52%) research is a part of their job description. The table also shows that the mean time spent on research per month is 34.16 hours.

4.1.3 Conditions and facilities for nursing research

Access to and availability of conditions and facilities for nursing research are presented in Table 32. Interest in doing research is highest in the list, at 89%. Duplication and reproduction is likewise high at 81%, followed by library assistance, computers, office space, opportunities, and computer software. Lowest in the list are research space, research assistants, research funds, programmer assistance, and superiors who do research.

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4.1.4 Availability and levels of funding

Information on the availability and level of funding for nursing research is found in Tables 33 and 34. About six out of ten projects were funded and the modal category (at 52%) for the amount of funding is US$ 1000 to US$ 9999 US dollars per project.

It should be noted that of the 146 projects that were reported to have been funded, data on the amount of project funding was available for only 67, 46%, of the funded projects.

Twelve per cent of the projects were funded at 10 000 to 19 999 US dollars, and 7% each at the 20 000 to 29 999 and 30 000 to 39 999 levels. Four per cent had funds of less than US$ 1000 and the remaining 16% were funded at US$ 40 000 or more.

4.1.5 Individuals and institutions involved in nursing research

There were 140 researchers and 93 institutions reported to be doing nursing research throughout the Region. The names and addresses of these individuals and institutions are found in Annexes Bl and B2. The information is arranged alphabetically by country.

About 66% of the individuals doing nursing research are working in university or college settings. Of these educational institutions, slightly more than half (52%) have departments or schools of nursing. the other individuals are based in hospitals, professional nursing associations, government ministries or other types of agencies.

Of the 98 institutions reported to be doing nursing research, 52% are universities and colleges, 23% are hospitals and the remaining 24% are professional associations, government ministries, research institutes or other types of institutions. Fifty-nine per cent of the educational institutions had schools of nursing.

The researchers doing nursing research were paired with the titles of their respective projects and this directory is found in Annex C. A similar directory of researchers and their projects was culled from published sources such as research directories, research bulletins and other such listings covering the same time period as the 1991 survey. This is in Annex D.

4.2 Utilization of nursing research outputs

It can be seen from Table 35 that the utilization of nursing research outputs ranged from a low of 18% in the case of presentation of policies to legislative policy-makers implied by research findings and writing a popular version of the report for lay people to a high of 76% in the case of using research findings in teaching, administration or practice.

Frequency, was highest in the use of research findings in teaching, administration or practice, followed by use of results in solving problems in the work setting, paper presentation, and use of research output as reference.

- 16 -

4_3 The needs for nursing research development

The availability of time for research and the availability of research funds were rated as the two most critical conditions for the further development of nursing research. These were followed by availability of resource persons with research expertise and an atmosphere that is conducive to research. At approximately similar levels of criticalness are interest in doing research, attendance at research meetings, opportunities for doing research, and availability of computer software. The lowest ratings (least critical) went to other research space, programmer and research assistance, superiors who do research, clerical support, and rewards for doing research. (Table 32).

Results of the chi-square test, done to determine whether significant relationships exist between the independent variables and the dependent variables are found in Table 36.

The work-related variable of whether research is part of the respondents' ~ job description was signficantly related to the participation variables of whether they spent any working time in research, whether they conducted or participated in the conduct of a study, and the quality of their last research project. Also significantly related to participation were the education and training variables of highest nursing degree; training in research, statistics, and computers; and competence. The attitudinal variables of interest and degree of importance placed in research were likewise significantly related to participation. The only variable that was significantly related to productivity (number of research projects undertaken) was whether respondent had had a formal course on research.

These results suggest that job description, education, and training, and to some extent attitudes are important considerations in the participation and productivity of nurses in research.

To determine the degree of association between the variables referred to above, product-moment correlation coefficients were computed. The means and standard deviations of the variables in the correlation and regression analyses are found in Table 37.

The results show that the degree of association between whether the respondents spent any working time in research and job description was highest, followed, in the order of decreasing magnitude, by competence, interest, importance placed in research, and highest degree. (Table 38) As to whether the respondent conducted a study, correlation was highest with job description, then formal training, and then highest degree. Degree of use of research outputs was highly correlated with formal training. The latter variable was the only one with a high significant correlation with productivity (number of research projects undertaken).

The results of the stepwise multiple regression analysis, a procedure to determine the relative importance of the independent variables in explaining variance in participation and productivity are found in Table 39.

Job description and competence are two significant factors in influencing whether the respondent spent any work time in research activities. Formal training in research, statistics, and computers; age; job description; and

- 17 -

level of research development in the workplace were significant predictions of degree of use of research outputs. Productivity, on the other hand, was determined solely by formal training in research, statistics and computers.

To the specific question on the conditions on factors that will increase researchers' future participation in nursing research the, following were mentioned, in order of decreasing frequency:

(1) time and reduced workload;

(2) funding on budget;

(3) peer, manpower, and other administrative support;

(4) knowledge, training and interest; and

(5) recognition and equipment/suppliesfbuilding.

The top five conditions or factors existing at present that discourage or hinder researchers from participating in research, in order of decreasing frequency of mention, are:

(1) lack of time and heavy workload;

(2) lack of funds;

(3) lack of knowledge, training, experience, interest or opportunity;

(4) too much bureaucracy and lack of administrative support; and

(5) lack of manpower.

4.4 Priority areas for nursing research

Respondents were asked about whether there were statements from government or private sources on priority areas for nursing research in the country. Eighteen per cent responded 'Yes'. The steps or processes that were taken to generate these statements include: workshops and seminars conducted by the Ministry of Health; establishment of national action groups; survey of nursing needs; review of records and reports on quality of nursing care rendered; adoption of recommendations of nursing studies; and pilot testing mechanisms or strategies.

The priority areas for nursing research, based on the frequency of mention of the area or topic by the respondents, are:

Priority number

1 2 3 4

Area on topic

Care and caring Nursing manpower Role of nurses and nursing Nursing theories and methodology

Frequency of mention by researchers

45 41 29

26

Priority number

5

6 7

8

9 10

11

12

13

14

15

- 18 -

Area on topic Frequency of mention

by researchers

Nursing interventions and outcomes Primary health care, general Nurses attitud~s, beliefs and behaviours Curricular development and evaluation Health education Nursing processes and procedures Clinical practice, general nursing practice, general Health economics and nursing Health problems, specific Turnover of nurses Wellness and health Information systems Management of changes Quality assurance Working conditions of nurses Evaluation of college versus hospital graduates Family planning and population Relationships between education and practice Specialty nursing Ethical issues in nursing Health policy analyses Teaching methods Use and development of health services

5. CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS

23 20

13

13 12

10

9 8 8 8 8 6 6 6 6

5 5

5 5 4 4 4

4

There is a significant body of nurse researchers who are actively and productively engage in nursing research in the Region. In numbers, the study identifies 97 of them who conducted at least one research project within a five-year period. Of these, ·27 researchers conducted one project every year. Per capita productivity was 2.77 projects over a five-year period.

Participation and productivity are high as well in research-related activities such as writing research reports/articles, writing research proposals, consultancy, reviewing manuscripts for professional journals, and reviewing proposals for funding. Furthermore, nurse researchers participated actively in the development of a nursingfhealth data base.

The research problems investigated by nurse researchers reflect areas of common interest as well as wide diversity. These researchers focused first on

- 19 -

nursing practice, second on nursing administration, and third on nursing education. On nursing practice the more frequently recurring concepts are health; knowledge, attitudes and behaviours; needs; nursing activities and outcomes; primary health care; and quality of care.

On the whole, at least the majority of the projects may be considered of good quality; these are projects done with others, multidisciplinary projects, bivariate or mutivariate analyses projects, and projects where reports were written and disseminated. At least one-fourth to one-third of the projects are of high quality; these are commissioned projects and projects where reports were published. Self-ratings of the nurse researchers of the quality of their projects reveal similar results.

The primary reasons for conducting research are to gain more information, to decide between alternative courses of action, and to solve existing problems. The major areas of concern of these projects are primary health care implementation, policy, manpower, operations, and methods. The programmes to which the studies are expected to contribute include health services development, health manpower development, and research promotion and development.

Access to or availability of conditions or facilities conducive to participation and productivity in research was relatively good (at least half of the respondents had access) except in the following: research space other than office space, research assistants, research funds, programmer assistance, superiors who do research, formal and continuing education training in research and statistics, and attendance at research meetings.

Availability of research funds and time for research stood out as the two most critical conditions for the further development of nursing research. Also highly critical are resource persons with research expertise, atmosphere conducive to research interest in doing research, attendance at research meetings and computer software.

Funding was available in six out of ten projects. More than half of the funded projects were at the $ 9999 level or below.

On the whole, use of research outputs was relatively low, with the exception of findings being used in teaching, administration, or practice; to solve problems in work setting; presentation of results before a local meeting and as reference. This suggests that awareness and use of nursing research findings are usually confined to nursing.

Formal degree and training in research/statistics/computers; research as part of job description; and attitudinal variables where significantly associated with participation in research. Degree of participation was affected by attitudes. The correlate for productivity and use of research outputs was formal training in research/statistics/computers.

Competence, job description, and training in research/statistics/ computers were the significant predictors of participation. The last two were also the significant predictors of degree of use of research outputs plus age and level of research development in the workplace.

- 20 -

Awareness or knowledge of the existence of statements on priority areas of nursing research is very low. To begin with, there may be no statements. However, there is a consensus that priority areas for nursing research include studies on care and caring, nursing manpower, role of nurses and nursing, theories and methodology, interventions and outcomes, and primary health care.

The following recommendations are made:

(1) Qualified nurse researchers, by virtue of formal training and experience, should be invited or appointed to policy-level health research bodies at the national and regional levels. At the national level, these include bodies in the planning ministry, the health ministry, academic institutions, research institutions, and the like. The primary reasons for this are: (1) to contribute to the determination of the health and development research agenda; (2) to participate in the formulation of policies on health and development research; (3) for the nursing sector to align its research priorities more closely with the mainstream of health and development research considering the overall ~ national and regional priorities; and (4) to maximize the contribution and utilization of nursing research in the overall health services development;

(2) Countries with a higher level of nursing research development should serve as resources for the further development of nursing research in other less well-situated countries. In this regard, the WHO Collaborating Centres for Nursing Development in Primary Health Care should be tapped for technical support and assistance for region-wide nursing research development.

(3) Training in research, statistics, and computers should be integrated in the basic nursing curriculum. Attitudes regarding the importance of research, utilization of research outputs, and the other conditions that facilitate research are desirable competencies as well. Training materials in the form of modules, visuals, and. research apprenticeship programmes should be developed to facilitate implementation.

(4) Mechanisms for national and regional research collaboration should ~ be developed to encourage participation, productivity, and recognition.

(5) Nursing management should allocate a specified percent of nursing positions or time for research activities and projects.

(6) Opportunities and support for formal and continuing education training in research should be provided.

It is further recommended that WHO/WPRO should do the following:

(1) Create a Regional Advisory Committee on Nursing Research Development.

- 21 -

(2) Allocate a proportion of the regional health research budget to support nursing research projects taking into consideration country­specific and regional priorities.

(3) Strengthen the WHO COllaborating Centres for Nursing Dev~lopmant in Primary Health Care through regional and international technical collaboration and cooperation.

- 22 -

REFERENCES

Commission on Health Research for Development. Health Research. New York: Oxford University Press, 1990.

Layo-Danao, L. "Nurse Performance: Concepts, Methods, and Findings", College of Nursing, University of the Philippines, Manila, 1983. Unpublished paper.

Layo-Danao, L. "Nurse Performance: Professional and Administrative Considerations", College of Nursing, University of the Philippines, Manila, 1989. Unpublished paper.

Schwirian, P. "Toward an Explanatory Model of Nursing Performance" Nursing Research 30:4 (July - August 1981) 247-253.

Schwirian, P. "Evaluating the Performance of Nurses: A Multidimensional Approach" Nursing Research 27:6 (November-December 1978) 347-351.

UNDP. Human Development Report 1991. New York: Oxford University Press.

WHO. Forty-Second World Health Assembly WHA42.27. Geneva, 19 May 1989.

WHO. Forty-Fifth World Health Assembly WHA45.5, Geneva, 11 May 1992.

World Bank. World Development Report 1991. New York: Oxford University Press.

- 23 -

Table 1. Number or questionnaires sent and returned by countries and areas In the Westem pacmc: Region

Country

Countries with less than 200 nurses

Marshall Islands New Caledonia Cambodia Cook Islands Kiribati Northern Mariana Islands American Samoa Tokelau Palau Niue

Countries with over 200 and less than 2000 nurses

Tonga Guam Micronesia Solomon Islands Vanuatu Western Samoa Lao People's Democratic

Republic French Polynesia Macao Brunei Fiji

Countries with 2000 or more nurses

Papua New Guinea Singapore Hong Kong Philippines Malaysia New Zealand Korea Australia Viet Nam Japan China

TOTAL

Number of questionnaires sent

7 7 1 7 7 7 7 1 5 1

9 9 9 9 9 9 9

9 9 9

9

16 32 32 32 31 38 30 44 31 49 31

515

NUlllber of questionnaires returned

*

* 3 3 2

1 2

3 2 2 4

3

8

1 14 11

9 13 23

7 18

7 10

7

153

* Questionnaires from Cambodia and Marshall Islands were received after the deadline for data processing.

- 24 -

Table 2. Demographic and social characteristics or respondents

Age in years Percent

35 or less 10.7 36 - 40 15.7 41 - 45 22.1 46 - 50 22.9 51 - 55 17 .1 56 and above 11.4

Total 100.0

Number of cases 140

Sex Percent

Female 91.6 Male 8.4

Total 100.0

Number of cases 143

Civil Status Percent

Single 31. 2 Married 61. 7 Divorced, separated, widow 6.4 Others .7

Total 100.0

Number of cases 141

-

- 25 -

Table 3. Percent distribution of nurses with a non-nursing degree and level of non-nursing degree received

With non-nursing

Yes No

Total

Level of non-nursing degree

Bachelor Master Doctorate

Total

Percent

38.5 61. 5

100.0

29.1 38.2 32.7

100.0

Number of cases

135

55

- 26 -

Table 4. Respondents undertaldag research activity and mean frequency of undertaking activity, 1986·1990

Percent Mean frequency undertaking Number undertaking Number

Activity activity of Cases activity of Cases

Authored or co-authored article published 33.6 128 5.25 40 refereed journal

Authored or co-authored article published 35.9 131 4.57 45 non-refereed journal

Authored or co-authored -manuscript submitted for publication 32.0 128 3.63 38 refereed journal

Authored or co-authored publication, 27.4 124 3.32 34 non-refereed

Authored or co-authored paper of completed 51. 9 135 3.59 61 research

Authored or co-authored published book 25.0 124 1. 93 29 chapter

Authored or co-authored published book or 17.11 123 2.14 22 -monograph

Authored a published book review 21. 6 125 1.44 25

Edited a published book or monograph 13.8 123 3.69 16

Reviewed a manuscript for a professional 24.4 127 11.19 27 journal

Served on editorial board, refereed 17.9 123 2.05 20 journal

Written a research proposal for 47.3 131 3.00 58 funding

- 27 -

Table 5. Percent of respondents who developed or assisted In tbe development of a nursing or bealtb data base and wbetber data base was computerized

Respondent developed or help develop nursing(health data base

Whether data base is computerized

Number Percent of Cases

49.6 141

58.3 72

Table 6. Types of Information in tbe data bases tbat nurse researcbers develop or help develop

Information

Nursing manpower or workforce

Data on nursing schools and colleges

Data on hospitals and other health establishment

Health indicators

Nurse registries

Demographic and socio-economic data on households

Abstract of nursing studies

Migration of nurses

Total

Number of cases 93

Percent of data bases containing information

34.4

18.3

17.2

12.9

6.4

5.4

4.3

1.0

99.9

Table 7.

- 28 -

Pen:ent distribution of the number of research projects conducted or participated in by nurse researchers, 1986-1990

Number of research projects Percent of projects

One

Two

Three

Four

Five

36.06

23.79

17.10

13.01

10.04

Total 100.0

Number of cases 269

Hean

Note:

Table 8.

2.77

Haximum number of projects that could be listed was 5.

Percent distribution of the categories or areas of research problems or objectives of studies conducted by nurse researchers

Category Percent

Nursing administration 20.66

Nursing education 15.70

NurSing practice 56.20

Nursing theory and methodology 6.61

Other .83

Total 100.0

Number of cases 242

-

-

- 29 -

Table 9. Frequency distribution or ~ or mncem 01, study/project

Area of Concern

Operations

Technology

Manpower

Cost and finance

Policy

Methods

PHC implementation

Others

Total

Number of cases 252

Percent

7.9

6.0

9.5

.8

11.1

7.9

15.5

23

100.0

- 30 -

Table 10. Frequency distribution or primary purpose or study/project

Pu~ose Percent

Gain more information about selected phonemena

Determine presence of relationships between variables

Fulfill requirements for a course/ degree

Get into that shall help decide between courses of action

Help solve an existing problem

Suggest or support an administrative policy

Suggest or support a piece of legislation

Others

Total

Humber of case.

23.5

9.7

6.7

14.6

12.7

6.7

.4

25.7

100.0

268

-

--

Table 11.

- 31 -

Frequency distribution of qatore of participation of·respondents in study/project

Nature of participation Percent

Project Director 23.0

Consultant/advisor 9.3

Principal Investigator 36.8

Co-investigator 13.0

Research Associate .4

Research Assistant 2 .6

Field Supervisor 1.5

Interviewer/observer 5.2

Coder 0

Programmer 3.7

Others 4.5

Total 100.0

Number of ca.e. 269

- 32 -

Table 12. Percent distribution or types or personnel respondent worked with during Jut project, 1986-1990

Type of research personnel

Data collectors Clerk Statistician Research assistant Consultant Field supervisor Librarian Research associate Programmer Other

Total

Number of cases 252

Percent

16.27 12.70 12.30 11.90 11.51 10.71 7.54 6.75 5.16 5.16

100.0

Table 13. Frequency distribution of geographic:al scope or study/project

Geographical Bcope

Local National 2 or more countries involved

in 1 region Countries from several regions

Total

Number of cas •• 260

Percent

72 .3 24.2 2.3

1.2

100.0

-

-

- 33 -

Table 14. Frequency cHstribution 01 the primary research design used in the study/project

Research design

Secondary data analyses Survey Laboratory experiment Field experiment Historical

Percent

6.2 52.0 4.2

15.8 1.9

Comparative or Cross-cultural 1.9 Bthnographic 4.2 Cohort 2.3 Others 11.5

Total 100.0

Number of cases 260

Table 15. Frequency distribution 01 primary method 01 data colledion 01 study/project

Method of data collection

Observation Interviews, Face-to-Face Questionnaire Telephone interview Standardized tools/tests Others

Total

Number of casas 257

Percent

10.9 23.3 28.8

.4 9.3

27.2

100.0

- 34 -

Table 16. Percent distribution 01 collaboration in projects undertaken by nurse researdter, last project 19M-1M

Category Percent

Done by myself 33.3

Done with others 66.7

Tot.l 100.0

RWllber of e •••• 96

Table 17. Percent distribution 01 multi­disciplinary projeds by nurse researchers, last project 1986-1990

Category Percent

One discipline 49.3

More than one discipline 50.7

Tot.l 100.0

Humber of e.ses 69 -

- 35 -

Table 18. Percent distribution or whether project conducted by nurse researcher is basic or applied, last project 1986-1990

Category

Basic Applied Both

Total

Number of cases 95

Percent

24.2 54.7 21.1

100.0

Table 19. Percent distribution or level or data analyses made, last project 1986-1990

Level of data analyses

One-variable Two-variable Three-or more variable

Total

Number of cases 90

Percent

23.8 23.8 52.5

100.0

Table 20. Percent distribution or commisioned research done by nurse researchers, last project 1986-1990

Category

None Yes

Total

Number of cases 91

Percent

71.4 28.6

100.0

- 36 -

Table 11. Percent of yes response regarding other qualitative aspeds of the research project, last project 1986-1990

Other qualitative Percent Number aspects of project Yes of cases

Did you write a report 78.2 101

Report reproduced for distribution 71.1 83

Was report published 38.8 85

Tablell. Percent distribution of rating of over­all quality of the project, last project 1986-1990

Rating Percent

Very good 25

Good 50

Fair 24

Poor 1

Very poor 0

Tot.l 100.0

Numb.r of c •••• U

--

-

-

- 37 -

Table 23. Frequency. distrihution or programme toward which study/project is expected to contribute

Programme Percent

Research promotion and development 3.9

Health services development 15.6

Family health 1.6

Mental health 1.9

Prophylactic, diagnostic and therapeutic substances 1.2

Communicable diseases prevention and control 1.2

Non-communicable diseases prevention and control .4

Environmental health promotion 1.6

Health manpower development 10.5

Health information 3.5

Others 10.9

More than 1 programme 47.7

Total 100.0

Number of cases 256

- 38 -

Table 14. Percent distribution 01 respondents by primary area 01 nursing

Area of nursing

Nursing administration Nursing education Nursing practice Nursing continuing

education Nursing research Other

Total

Numb.r of c •••• 143

Percent

34.3 44 .8

6.3 4.9

3.5 6.3

100.0

Table 15. Percent distribution of nurses by primary specialty

Specialty Percent

MCH 7.7

Mental health psychiatric nursing

Medical-surgical Community health/

public health School health Other

Tot.l

Numb.r of c •••• 143

4.9 26.6

25.9 .7

34.3

100.0

-

-

- 39 -

Table 16. Percent distribution 01 respondents by current position or rank ",

Position Percent Number of cases

Instructor or less 35.0

Assistant professor 13.3

Associate professor 20.0

Professor 31.7

Total 100.0 60

Rank

Chief nurse/director 24.7

Principal of nursing 4.7

Matron 10.6

Supervisor 10.6

Head nurse 8.2

Staff nurse 7.1

Other 34.1

Total 100.0 85

- 40 -

Table 17. Percent distribution of nurses with formal training In research, statistics and c:omputen, and mean houn of training In these areas

Mean Percent Number hours of Number

Training in Yes of cases training of cases

Research 59.6 137 367.32 74

Statistics 58.6 140 200.68 66

Computers 25.9 139 171.53 34

Know how to use computers 55.3 141

.-

-

Table 28.

- 41 -

. Percent distribution or respondents on self-assessment or competence in doing research

Competence Percent

Very highly competent 9.1

Highly competent 16.1

Competent 37.8

Quite competent 18.9

Not competent 18.2

TOTAL 100.0

Mean 3.21*

Number of cases 143

* (Scale of 1 to 5: 1 Very highly competent 5 Not competent).

- 42 -

Table 29. Percent distribution of respondents on degree of Interest In doln. research

Degree of interest Percent

Very low 2.1

Low 2.8

Fair 27.1

High 36.1

Very high 31. 9

TOTAL 100.0

Mean 3.93*

Number of cases 144

* (Scale of 1 to 5: 1 Very low 5 Very high)

--

Table 30.

- 43 -

Percent diJtributlon of respondents 'on degree of importance placed on research

Degree of importance Percent

Extremely important 28.4

Very important 34.0

Important 27.0

Fairly important 6.4

Of little importance 4.3

TOTAL 100.0

Mean 2.24*

Number of cases 141

* (Scale of 1 to 5: 1 Extremely important 5 Of little importance)

- 44 -

Table 31. Percent distribution of nunes on various aspects of resean:h at work

Mean Percent Number hours Number

Item Yes of cases spent of cases

Spent working time on research activities 64.3 143

Was this within regular work time 81. 7 93

Is research part of your job descriptions 51. 8 139

Hours spent on research per month 34.16 75

-

- 45 -

Table 31. Percent or respondents with ..xess to research condition or r&emty ud mean ratings or bow critical cendition or radlity to further development or nursing research

Research condition/ facility

Formal training in research

Percent of respondents with access

and statistics 46.2

Continuing education training in research and statistics 47.6

Training in computers and software 61.4

Resource persons with research expertise 57.6

Technical assistance for data analyses

Programmer assistance

Research assistants

Clerical support

Computer assisted library assistance

Other types of library assistance

Superiors who do research

Peers doing research

53.1

4l. 7

31.7

59.3

54.5

75.4

46.1

60.6

Mean rating of how critical

Number to nursing of research Number

cases deve1opment* of cases

145 4.64 124

145 4.57 125

145 4.57 122

144 4.88 120

143 4.54 120

144 4.27 118

142 4.30 117

145 4.33 117

143 4.63 118

142 4.40 119

141 4.32 120

142 4.54 119

* Scale of 1 to 7: 1 not at all critical 7 very highly critical

- 46 -

Table 31. Percent or I'eSponcients with access to research condition or facility and mean ratings of bow critical condition or facility to further development of nursing research (Continuation)

Research condition/ facility

Computers

Computer software

Duplication/reproduction facility

Office space

Other research space

Attendance at research meetings

Research funds

Time for research

Opportunities for doing research

Interest in doing research

Rewards for doing research

Encouragement from administration

Atmosphere conducive to research

Percent of respondents with access

70.4

66.2

80.6

69.0

27.9

48.3

39.0

54.3

68.3

88.7

50.4

62.6

54.7

Number of

cases

142

139

139

142

140

143

141

81

139

142

141

139

137

* Scale of 1 to 7: 1 not at all critical 7 very highly critical

Mean rating of how critical to nursing research Number development* of cases

4.62 116

4.72 116

4.52 119

4.52 119

4.10 115

4.75 116

5.10 117

5.58 76

4.71 116

4.79 118

4.34 119

4.60 199

4.85 120

-

- 47 -

Table 33. Whether study/project was funded

Yes

No

Total

Number of cases 246

Percent

59.3

40.7

100.0

- 48 -

Table 34. Levels of project funding

Amount of funds for project (US dollars) Number of projects Percent

Less than 1 000 3 4.48

1 000 - 9 999 35 52.24

10 000 - 19 999 8 11.94

20 000 - 29 999 5 7.46

30 000 - 39 999 5 7.46

40 000 - 49 999 3 4.48

50 000 - 59 999 1 1.49

60 000 or more 7 10.48

Total 67 100.03

-

--...

- 49 -

Table 35. Percent or respondents disseminating using research outputs and mean rrequency or use or research outputs, 1986-1990

Type of use

Published work cited by another author

Cited a report or paper of a nurse in the Western Pacific Region

Used research results in solving problems in work setting

Presented a paper, local meeting

Presented a paper, national, region or international meeting

Developed patient care protocol based on research results

Used research findings in teaching administration or practice

Presented research findings to programme implementors

Written a popular version of paper for lay people

Presented to administrative policy-makers policies implied by research findings

Presented to legislative policy-makers policies implied by research findings

Discussed research findings with personnel at Ministry or Department of Health

Percent Use of

respondents

39.5

51. 5

65.9

64.9

42.3

29.1

75.6

47.7

18.5

41. 9

18.0

30.0

Mean of Number frequency Number

of cases of use of cases

124 2.69 49

132 3.88 68

129 3.75 85

131 2.86 85

130 2.25 55

127 2.14 37

135 4.43 102

130 2.37 62

130 2.00 24

129 1.83 54

128 1.30 23

130 2.18 39

Table 3'.

Dependent Variable

Whether respondent spent any working time in research 1986-1990

Whether respondent conducted or participated in the conduct of a study 1986-90

- so -

SignUkant relationships between partidpation and productivity in nursing research and soclo-delllOp'llphlc, education and training, work-related aad attitudinal variables: results 01 chi-square tests

Independent Variable

Chi-square Value

Number Degrees of of cases Freedom

Significance level

Highest nursingl midwifery degree received 14.17 135 4 .0068

Had formal course in research 9.28 135 1 .0023

Had formal course in statistics 22.95 138 1 .0000

Had formal course in computer science 6.67 137 1 .0098

Whether respondent knows how to use computers 10.36 139 1 .0013

Degree of competence in doing research 23.71 141 4 .0001

Whether research is part of respondent's job description 23.81 138 12 .0000

Degree of interest in research 19.31 142 4 .0007 -Degree of importance placed on research 16.46 139 4 .0025

Whether respondent had formal course in research 11.11 137 1 .0009

Whether respondent had formal course in statistics 6.35 140 1 .0118

Whether research part of respondent's job description 11.32 139 1 .0008

Table 36.

Dependent Variable

Whether respondent developed or helped develop nursing or ~alth database

Hours respondent spent on research per month

Quality of research, last project, self-ratings

Number of research projects undertaken 1986-90

- 51 -

Signiftcant relationships between participation and productivity in nursing researc:h and socio-llemographic, education and training, work-related aDd attitudinal variables: results of chi-square tests (Continuation)

Independent Variable

Highest nursing degree

Primary C1assi-fication of specialty

Degree of interest in research

Degree of importance placed on research

Whether respondent is salaried employee

Rank

Whether research part of respondent's job description

Degree of competence in doing research

Whether respondent had formal .course in research

Chi-square Value

12.13

15.88

35.16

46.73

10.14

46.75

8.17

28.36

16.12

Number Degrees of of cases Freedom

128 4

135 5

75 12

73 16

94 3

57 18

92 3

93 8

137 5

Significance level

.0164

.0072

.0004

.0001

.0174

.0002

.0426

.0004

.0065

Table 37.

Dependent

- 52 -

Degree or relationships between participation and productivity in nursing research and socio-demographic, edueation and training, work-related, and attitudinal variables: coeft1cients

Independent Variables Variables ---------------------------------------------------------

Age Highest Whether Formal Compe- Interest Importance degree research training in tence in in of

in respon- research, research research research dent's job statistics, description computer

~

Whether respondent spent any work time in research acti-vities 1986-90 - .131 -.270** - .431*** - .018 -.386*** -.347*** .328***

(134) (138) (141) (142) (139)

Whether respondent conducted a study 1986-90 .117 .214** .301*** .282*** - .112 .056 - .143

(135) (139) (153)

Degree of use of research outputs .116 - .027 -.168 -.456*** .020 -.075 .055

(153)

Number of research projects undertaken 1986-90 -.055 -.036 .013 .341*** -.006 -.054 .093 -(153)

Number of cases in parenthesis

* significant at p ~ .05 ** significant at p ~ .01

*** significant at p ~ .001

- 53 -

Table 38. Stepwise multiple regression analyses results, regression coefficients and other statistics

Dependent Variable: Whether respondent spent any work time in re ••• ~ch activities 1986-90

Regression coefficients (standard error)

Independent variables Step 1 Step 2

Whether doing research part of respondent's job description

Degree of respondent's competence in doing research

Multiple R

R square

Adjusted R square

Standard error

F

Constant

N

* significant at p ~ .05 ** significant at p ~ .01

*** significant at p ~ .001

-.435*** -.344***

- .125*** ( .033)

.449 .537

.201 .289

.194 .277

.436 .413

29.729*** 23.766***

1.607 1.169

119 119

Table 38.

- 54 -

Stepwise multiple regression analyses results, regression coemcients and other statistics (Continuation)

Dependent variable: Degree of use of research outputs/findings

Regression coefficients (standard error) Dependent Variable:

Variables

Whether respondent had formal training in research, statistics and computers

Age of respondent

Whether research is part of respondent's job description

Level of research development in respondent's workplace

Multiple R

R square

Adjusted R square

Standard error

F

Constant

N

* significant at p ~ .05 ** significant at p ~ .01

*** significant at p ~ .001

Step 1

.281

.079

.071

3.331

10.436***

123.

Step 2 Step 3 Step 4

2.323*** 2.278*** 1.912** (.673) (.662) (.675)

.413* .455* .479* (.198) (.196) (.193)

-1. 323* -1.278* (585) (.577)

.166* ( .078)

.333 .384 .422

.111 .147 .178

.096 .126 .151

3.286 3.232 3.185

7.539*** 6.898*** 6.462***

.756 .822 1. 929

123 123 123

-

- 55 -

Table 38. Stepwise multiple regression analyses results, regression coeIIlcients and other statistics (Continuation)

Dependent variable: Respondent's total participation in research activities, 1986-90

Regression coefficients (standard error)

Independent variables Step 1

Whether respondent had formal training in research, statistics, and computer

MUltiple R

R square

Adjusted R square

Standard error

F

Constant

N

* significant at p $ .05 ** significant at p $ .01

*** significant at p $ .001

3.119* (1.082)

.252

.064

.056

5.306

8.297*

3.432

123

- 57 -

ANNEXA

INVENTORY OF RESEARCH PROBLEMS STUDIED BY NURSE RESEARCHERS BY CATEGORY OR AREA AND VARIABLE TYPE,

1986-199()

Nun .... Administration

Independent InterveDing Dependent Variables Variables Variables Subjects, Setting

Accountability in the wards, scope and importance Nursing officers

Administration

Audit packages for quality of care services Elderly

Change of behaviours Nurses

Changes in the workplace Industrialization Nurses

Chlorine disinfectant use 20 hospitals

Continuing education Nursing practice Chief nurses and programme administrative

nurses

Continuing education as requirement for licensure Practice nurses

Continuing education needs

Continuing education policies

Cost benefit analysis of home versus inpatient care

Data base determination at the local level

Effectiveness Inservice management First line nurse managers programmes in government hospitals

Effectiveness Outpatient programme

Equipment assessment

Food wastage Factors that contribute Third class adult wards in hospitals

Home care services Recruitment of health manpower

Immunization competence Health belief model Hours of control Mothers

Infection control implementing guidelines Ward operating leadership

- 58 -

AnnexA

Nursing Administration

Independent Intervening Dependent Variables Variables Variables Subjects, Setting

Job satisfaction Staffmg level Nursing qualification

Knowledge and need for a nursing information system

Knowledge, attitudes and behaviours on policy development

Legislation implementation Social forces

Migration behaviour Health manpower

Morbidity and welfare Predictors Households

Nature of work Level of nurse Hospital setting

Needs for education Public health nursing workforce

Needs for nurses in unit

Needs of professional nurses

Nursing hours needed by patients Disease or illness

Nursing management system creation -Nursing organization development

Nursing profession responses

Nursing services operationa1ization Community setting

Performance Intellectual and non- Motivation and parental Nursing students intellectual factors views on achievement and graduates

Policies of government Issues on multi-culturalism and health

Policies on human health research development

NuniDg Administration

Dependent Variables

Practice of nursing

PrimaIY nursing issues

Skills, knowledge and attitudes on use of information

""' system

Staffmg methodology development

Staffmg of nurses

Stress and job satisfaction

Turnover of nursing staff

Utilization of administrative personnel

Utilization of ICU properly

Ways of improving management of changes in practice

Work history

Work routine changes

Work relationships between general practitioners and staff

- 59 -

Independent Variables

Standards of practice

Average patient care hours required

Continuing education certification

Reasons

Intervening Variables

AnnexA

Subjects, Setting

Hospital setting

Nurses

CoUegeof Nursing

Graduates of nursing programme

Hospital wards

Community setting

- 60 -

AnnexA

NunlDg Education

Independent Intervening Dependent Variables Variables Variables Subjects, Setting

Access to audio, video, and computer facilities Students

Background of entrants to nursing school

Behaviour changes Nursing education

Changes in preparation of nurses for teaching -Clinical training for nursing grade

Competence, intellectual and multiple Curricular developmen Students

Curriculum construction

Curriculum on nursing science, nature and Higher education development settings

Curricular review

Differences in teaching problems 4, 3, and 2-year Teachers programmes

Effectiveness and use Computer assisted instruction -Effectiveness for diffusion of skills Nursing education

Effectiveness for preparing teachers Diploma course Hospital-based programme settings

Effectiveness in preparing for workforce Work life Post-basic education Graduates career plans

Information for curricular development, and evaluation

Information useful in developing a nursing curriculum

Introduction of a part-time degree course

" Knowledge and attitudes towards nursing Time Nursing students

Management effectiveness development Diploma course Middle nurse managers

- 61 -

AnnexA

Nunl ... Educatloa

Iadependent Intervening Dependent Variables Variables Variables Subjects, Setting

Methods of teaching therapeutic human relations

Need and interest to establish College of Midwifery

Needs for development Faculty

Needs of baccalaureate nursing education

Nursing education

Nursing education

Processes of student selection Nurse colleges

Promotion of comprehensive ability . Students

Psychological problems Interventions Students

Similarities and differences in nursing students Several countries

Sociodemographic characteristics University students

Strengthening nursing education

Strengths and weaknesses in the Board Examination School ownership and region

Stress of college-based students

Success Biology and English Nursing students performance

Success in nursing course Previous degree study

Teaching PHC and transcultural nursing: Content and Method

Transition from student to practitioner/employee Factors that aid on hinder transition

Undertaking advance diploma in nursing Styles of decision- Nurses making

UseofOSCE Nursing students

NurslDa Practiee

Dependent Variables

Ability to meet health needs

Achievement in remote areas

Activities

Acuity levels, 3 days post op

Alcohol prevention

Assessment and initial planning, anemias and worms

Assessment of patients in high and low uncenainty situations

Asthma of children after discharge from hospital

Availability and consumption of nutritious foods

Behavioural and psychiatric disorders of HIV I AIDS patients

Blood pressure control

Body composition cardiopulmonruy functions and blood cholesterol

Body weight, sleeping patterns and behavioural changes

Cancer as a health problem

Cardiopulmonruy function

Cardiopulmonruy function and blood constituents

Care of the body

Care and delivery system

- 62 -

Independent Variables

Knowledge, attitudes, practices

Expenise (expen vs. novice)

Promotion of nutritiou foods

Nursing interventions

Aerobic dance training

Dementia

Step exercise

Step exercise

Social infrastructure

Intervening Variables

Type and number of heuristics used

25-64 years

AnnexA

Subjects, Setting

Nurses

Elderly

Patients

Fetus

Midwives

Parents

Independent food outlets

Blue-collar workers,

Young men

Elderly

--

-

- 63 -

AnnexA

NurslDg ..... dice

Independent Interveniag Dependent Variables Variables Variables Subjects, Setting

Care for Elderly with dementia

Caring behaviours, structures and principles

--- Changes in maternal and child health practices Deployment of commu Rural community nity health practitioner

Communication weaknesses between nurses and patients

Community development Nurses' contribution Literacy Maternal and child health outcomes

Community organization as substructure for PHC services

Competence in delivery of individualized care Nurses

Condition of patient Education of patient

Consultation model to support nurses General hospital

Coping mechanisms Experiences in Stress intensive care units

r---,

Counselling attitudes and behaviours Midwives

Couvade syndrome Urban and rural husbands

Delivery of excellent nursing care Positive and negative factors

Device of nursing technique

Diarrhea management Knowledge, attitudes Mothers

and practices Other determinants

Domiciliary care Increase in elderly

Drawings, identification of Chronic illness Children

- 64 -

AnnexA

NunlDg PractIce

Independent Intervening Dependent Variables Variables Variables Subjects, Setting

Effectiveness Healthy lifestyle Workplace programme nurses

Effectiveness Use of muscle relaxa-tion and music therapy

Effectiveness of diplomate Clinical practice --Experience of women who had hysterectomy

Family planning devices and continuing acceptance

Family planning knowledge, attitudes and practices

Fatigue Circadian type

Healing practices of Maori families for Parents hospitalized babies

Health, nutrition and fertility Health inputs Use of health, nutrition and family planning setvices

Health, nutrition and population Integrated health -project

Health of babies Breast feeding

Health promoting lifestyles

Health promotion programme

Health status Elderly

Health views of Maoris, 1850-1880

Heart Disease effects Sex

Home care after hospital discharge Chronic patients

Home health care versus hospital care Patients

- 65 -

AnnexA

Nunlq Practice

Independent Intervening DependeDt Variables, Variables Variables Subjects, Setting

Mental health of care givers Social support Care givers of elderly

Mental health of nurses Working conditions

Models of healing for AIDS, cancer and Senior nurse schizophrenic patients clinicians

Muscular contraction Glutamate levels Lactate levels

Needs for health Elderly

Needs for health care Elderly in farms

Needs for health care Patients

Needs for nursing

Needs of consumers Experiences in role Midwives

Needs of patients Henderson's theory

Needs, spiritual MIIlticultllre role setting

Noise effects Presence of noise Post-op patients

Nosocotnial infection rate

Nursing practice descriptions , Nurse and clients

Nursing practice improvements

Nursing process and activities Factors that affect

Nursing process awareness Nurses

Nursing strategies Needs of carers Nurses

Outcomes, 6 months after Health screening general public

Pain evaluation

- 66 -

AnnexA

IDdependent Intervening Dependent Variables Variables Variables Subjects, Setting

Hypertension treatment Psychological care

Hypothermia Causes Newborn

Incidence of work related back injury --Infection control

Injury prevention In farms

Injury prevention Swedish safe cities model

Interaction of nurse with patients Surgical areas

Knowledge and attitudes on sexuality Nursing students and nurses

Knowledge, attitudes and behaviours IV drug users

Knowledge, attitudes and behaviours on AIDS General population

Knowledge, attitudes and practices Health education Workplace -programme

Knowledge, attitudes and practices IV drug users

Knowledge, expectations before consent to operation

Lived experiences of nurse-patient relationships

Malnutrition Cauaes under condition Infants of food availability

Meeting nursing needs TmninaIIy-ili patients

, Mental function changes Pregnancy Pregnant mothers

Nuni .. Practice

Dependent Variables

Pain relief

Pain relief and stress management

~

Perinatal longitudinal study

Personal care

PHC activities and co-workers

PHC competencies

PHC in nursing practice

Physical performance

Post-op pain management

--- Practices for health protection

Prevention of and coping with pregnancy

Psychiatric liaison nursing model

Quality assurance mechanisms

Quality of care, cost effectiveness and utilization patterns

Quality of life and facilities

Quality of nursing care

Quality of nursing care

Quality of nursing care

- 67 -

Independent Variables

Rellillation and mental imagery

Methods

Taekwando training

Perceptions of post-op pain

Community structure

Intervening Variables

AnnellA

Subjects, Setting

Cancer patients

Acute pain patients

Pregnant women

Clients general practice

Nurses

Public health nurses

Nurses

Pre-schoolers

Nurses and patients

Women

Immigrant teen-agers

Terminally iU

patients

Hospital setting

- 68 -

AnnexA

NursiDg Practice

Independent Intervening Dependent Variables Variables Variables Subjects, Setting

Recording and reporting system Hospital setting

Recording improvements of nurses

Relationships of nurses with clients

Resuscitation outcomes Teaching of mothers Infants

.-Rheumatic fever incidence High risk areas

Risk of heart disease Cholesterol screening Community setting

Role of the nurse Knowledge of PHC

Safety Positioning: lateral Pre-term versus prone infants

Satisfaction of patients PrimaJ)' care givers Patients

Self-care Nursing model Psychiatric patients

Self care promotion Public health work Chronic disease patients

Sexual and birth control practices Knowledge and attitud ~ about family planning -

Side effects of rubella immunization Campaign on immuni- School girls zation

Sleep pattern variations Factors affecting

Stability of sexual relationships Pregnancy Heterosexual partnerships

Stressors perceived Nurses and children

Pediatric lCU

Support system carers Nurses and patient relatives

NursiDg Practice

Dependent Variables

Teen-age pregnancy incidence

Temperature

'""'" Towel bath, reasons for liking it

Treatment of bilateral breast engorgement

Use of health services

Use of post-operative analgesics

Use of safety vest by children

Uptake of rubella immunization

- 69 -

Illdependent Variables

Methods of giving sponge bath

Use of cabbage leaves and ultrasound

Illness and disability

Age

Intervening Variables

AnnexA

Subjects, Setting

Febrile patients

Breast-feeding mothers

Parents Hospital setting

Teen-age girls

Nuni ... theory, research, and methodolOlY

Dependent Variables

Conceptual framework development

Conceptualize phenomenon of caring

Development. validity. reliability of mood scale

Grounded theory study

Interactive nursing diagnosis expert system prototype development

Longitudinal survey implementation

Measuring health status

Measuring patterns of growth and disease

Measuring quality and quantity of pain

Measuring quality of nursing care

Nursing theory in the curriculum

Priority areas for research

Testing a pain assessment tool

Use of nursing literature in developing criteria

Validating a pain rating scale

Validating the JAG vocational guidance tool

Validity and reliability of oral assessment tool

- 70 -

Independent Variables

Intervening Variables

AnnexA

Subjects, Setting

Nursing graduates

Elderly

Aboriginal children

Undergraduate and graduate programmes

Community health nursing

Nursing practice in acute care

Elderly

.-

-

- 71 -

ANNEX B1

NAMES AND ADDRESSES OF NURSE RESEARCHERS IN THE WESTERN PACIFIC REGION - 1991

Name of Nurse Researcher

Barcelo, Teresita (Dr)

Barclay, Lesley

Bartu, Ann

Bennett, Margaret

Boddy, Julie

Cameron-Traub, Elizabeth

Chan, F. (Mr)

Chan Kum Sum

Chen, Jing

Address

College of Nursing University of the Philippines Padre Faura, Manila Philippines

Flinders University of South Australia GPO Box 2100, SA 5001 Australia

W.A. Alcohol & Drug Authority 7 Field St., Mt. Lawley W.A. 6050 Australia

School of Nursing Phillip Institute of Technology Victoria Australia

Department of Nursing Studies Massey university Palmers ton North New Zealand

Norther Territory University P.O. Box 40146 Casuarina NT Australia 0811 Australia

Department of Health Sciences Hong Kong Polytechnic Hung Hom, Kowloon Hong Kong

Advanced Nursing Education Programme University Hospital 59100 Kuala Lumpur Malaysia

Burning Department Second Hospital Affiliate to Kunming Medical College People's Republic of China

Annex Bl

Name of Nurse Researcher

Chen-Sho, Jan

Cheng, Anne (Ms)

Chick, Norma

Cho Ja Kim

Christensen, J (Dr)

Christiansen, Judith

Chung, Joshua (Mr)

Clare, Judith

Corcega, Thelma

Coulon, Lyn

Dodd, Joan

- 72 -

Address

Coordinating Medical University in Peking People's Republic of China

Chinese University Shatin, New Territory Hong Kong

Nursing Department, Massey University Palmers ton North New Zealand

College of Nursing Yonsei University Seoul Republic of Korea

c/o Wellington Polytechnic Private Box 756 Wellington New Zealand

School of Health Studies Wellington Polytechnic Wellington, New Zealand

Management Training Unit Queen Elizabeth Hospital Hong Kong

Department of Nursing Studies Massey University Palmers ton North New Zealand

College of Nursing University of the Philippines Padre Faura St. Manila Philippines

University of Western Sydney Kingswood Campus Kingswood, NSW 2750 Australia

c/o Aukland Area Health Board Private Bag, Auckland New Zealand

-

-

Name of Nurse Researcher

CEnden, Carolyn

Eun-Ok Lee

Fielding, Richard (Dr)

Forbes, Heather

Gau, Lan Jun

Gibb, Heather

Glover, Pauline

Grant, Jan

Hamilton, Charmain

Harsburgh, Maryann

Hart, Gail (Prof)

- 73 -

Address

Flinders University Adelaide Australia

Annex B1·

28 Yundeundong, Chongno-ku Seoul National University Seoul, Korea 110-460 Republic of Korea

University of Hong Kong Pofu1am Road Hong Kong

Canterbury University Education Department Christchurch New Zealand

Nursing Department Tienjing Medical College Tienjing People's Republic of China

Deakin University Pigdons Road, Waurn Ponds Victoria 3217 Australia

School of Nursing Studies Sturt Buildings, Flinders University Sturt Road, Bedford Park, S.A. Australia

Charters & Funding Ministry of Education Box 1-666, Wellington New Zealand

Wellington Area Health Board Private Bag, Wellington New Zealand

Auckland Institute of Technology Private Box, Auckland New Zealand

Queensland University of Technology Brisbane, Queensland Australia

Annex Bl

Name of Nurse Researcher

Hawkins, Laura

Hayama, Yumiko

Hayashi, Shigeko

Higuchi, Yasuko

Hirayama, Asako

Hoo, Ah Soo (Ms)

Hunt, Esther (Ms)

Hwa Choong Kim

Hyun-Sook Kangs

Idour, Margaret

- 74 -

Address

Nelson Area Health Board Nelson New Zealand

School of Health Sciences 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 113 Japan

School of Nursing Kitazato University 2-1-1 Kitazato, Sagamihara Konagawa 228 Japan

Japanese Red Cross College of Nursing, 4-1-3 Hiroo Shibuya-ku, Tokyo Japan

Department of Nursing Chiba University 1-8-1 Inohana, Chia City Japan

Advanced Nursing Education Program Medical Center University of Malaya Kuala Lumpur Malaysia

Teomang Hospice Private Bag, Lower Hutt Wellington New Zealand

28 Yunkeundong, Chongnogu School of Public Health Seoul National University Seoul, Korea

Department of Nursing College of Medicine Kyung-Hee University Republic of Korea

Nursing Studies Department Massey University Palmers ton North New Zealand

-

Name of Nurse Researcher

Inaoka, Fumiaki

Jin Soon Kim

John, Rebecca (Hs)

Jones, Faith H.

Jung Ho Park

Kanai, Kazuko

Kanda, Katuya

Kanewaka, Katsuko

Katada, Noriko

Keith, Jocelyn

- 75 -

Address

Japanese Red Cross 4-1-3 Hiroo Shibuya-ku Tokyo 150 Japan

Annex B1

Korean Institute of Health and Social Affairs Republic of Korea

Pejabat Kesihatan Sibu Sarawak Halaysia

School of Nursing Centre for Nursing Research University of Western Sydney Australia

Korean Nurses Association Republic of Korea

Inohana Chibashi Chibaken Japan

Tokyo Hedical & Dental University Hospital Division of Nursing & Administration Yushima, Bunkyo-ku Tokyo Japan

Kanagawa Junior College of Nursing 5-11-80 Kotateno Kanagawa City Japan

St Luke's College of Nursing 10-1 Akashi-cho, Cbuo-ku Tokyo 104 Japan

Department of Nursing Studies Victoria University Private Bag, Wellington New Zealand

Annex Bl

Name of Nurse Researcher

Kermode, Stephen

King, Bernie (Dr)

Kiuross, Nau

Kojima, Michiyo

Kuan, Letty (Dr)

Lawler, Jocelyn

Layo-Danao, Leda (Dr)

Leong, S.G. (Mr)

Li, Ju Ying

Litchfield, Merian (Ms)

- 76 -

Address

Faculty of Health Sciences UNE - Northern Rivers P.O. Box 157 Lismore 2480 Australia

Health Department 133 Molesworth St. Wellington New Zealand

Business Studies Massey University Palmers ton North New Zealand

Nursing Service Department University Hospital Hongo, Bunkyo-ku Japan

College of Nursing University of the Philippies Padre Faura St., Ermita Manila, Philippines

Faculty of Education University of New England Mossman St., Armidale, N.S.W. 2356 Australia

College of Nursing University of the Philippies Padre Faura St., Ermita Manila, Philippines

Advanced Nursing Education Programme University Hospital 59100 Kuala Lumpur Malaysia

Nursing Association in China in Peking People's Republic of China

Department of Nursing Studies Victoria University P.O. Box 600 Wellington New Zealand

-

-

Name of Nurse Researcher

Lu, Mai-Xi

Lu, Se Wen

Lumby, Judy

Madj ar, I rene

Mae-Ja Kim

Maglaya, Araceli

Martin, Margie

McGowan, Sunita

Mei-zhu, Yin

Minami, Hiroko

- 77 -

Annex B1

Address

Nursing Research Unit Sha-No Medical University People's Republic of China

Ti-Shei-Tan Hospital in Peking People's Republic of China

University of Technology P.O. Box 123, Broadway 2007, NSW Australia

Department of Nursing Studies Massey University Palmers ton North New Zealand

Department of Nursing College of Medicine Seoul National University 28 Yunkeun-Dong, Chongno-gu Seoul Republic of Korea

College of Nursing University of the Philippies Padre Faura St., Ermita Manila, Philippines

Victoria University Wellington New Zealand McCrae, Jane Auburn Hospital Norval Street Auburn, NSW 2144 Australia

Freemantle Hospital Freemantle W.A. Australia

Chenzhou Railway Station Hospital Zhengzhou, He Nan, China People's Republic of China

St Luke's College of Nursing 10-1 Akeishi-cho, Chuo-ku Tokyo Japan

Annex Bl

Name of Nurse Researcher

Minamisawa, Hiromi

Mitoh, Takako

Myung Ae Choi

Nadakuitaruki, Rigieta (Mrs)

Nakanishi, Mutsuko

Nestel, Deborah

Nik Safiah Nik Ismail

Noguchi, Miwako

Nojima, Sayumi

O'Mullan, James

Oh, Kasil

- 78 -

Address

School of Health Sciences The University of Tokyo 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku Tokyo

School of Health Sciences The University of Tokyo 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku Tokyo

28 Yunkeundong, Chongnogu Seoul National University Seoul, Korea 110-460 Republic of Korea

Ministry of Health Tamavua, Suva Fij i

College of Red Cross Nursing 4-1-3 Hiroo Shibuya-ku Tokyo 150 Japan

Department of Community Medicine 5 Sasoon Road, Li Shu Fan Bldg. Hong Kong University Hong Kong

University Kebangsaan Kuala Lumpur Malaysia

Faculty of Nursing Chiba University 1-8-1 Inohana, Chiba Japan

Kochi Women's University 5-15 Eikokugi-cho Kochi City 700

Department of Health Science Hong Kong Polytechnic Hung Hom, Kowloon Hong Kong

134 Shinchondong, Seodaimoongu Yonsei University Seoul, Korea 120-752 Republic of Korea

-

-

Name of Nurse Researeber

Paltridge, Paddy (Ks)

Pang, Samantha

Parker, Judith

Parsons, Claire

Peason, Alan

Pincombe, Jan

Pitman, Elizabeth

Plymat, Kay

Puan Esah Bt. Ali

Pybus, Karion

Rabikhatun Kohd Zair

- 79 -

Annex Bl

Agdress

12 The Povade, Paekakariki New Zealand

Department of Health Sciences Hong Kong Polytechnic Hung Hom, Kowloon Hong Kong

Department of Sociology La Trobe University, St. Heliers St. Abbotsford Campus, Victoria 3067 Australia

Centre for Research in Public Health Nursing La Trobe University, St. Heliers St. Abbotsford Campus, Victoria 3067 Australia

Deakin University Pigdons Rd., Waurn Ponds Victoria 3221 Australia

University of Wollongong Box 1144, Wollongong 2500 Australia

Lincoln School of Health Sciences Abbotsford Campus, St. Helliers Abbotsford, Victoria 3067 Australia

The University of Sydney Cumberland College of Health Sciences P.O. Box 170 Lidcombe, NSW 2141 Australia

Institute Kesihatan Umum 59200 Jalan Bangsar, Kuala Lumpur Selangor Kalaysia

Kassey University Palmers ton North New Zealand

Advanced Nursing Educatin Programme University Hospital 59100 Kuala Lumpur Kalaysia

Annex Bl

Name of Nurse Researcher

Recio, Dolores (Dr)

Rice, Verna

Rodgers, Jan

Russel, Lynette

Salmin, Diosenides (Dr)

Samisoni, Mere (Ms)

Shaw, Sally (Ms)

She-Ya, Fen

Slotes, Pat

So-Woo Lee

Speedy, Sandra

Stark, Ruth (Dr)

- 80 -

Address

College of Nursing University of the Philippies Padre Faura St., Ermita Manila, Philippines

Cumberland College of Health Lidcombe, NSW Australia

Department of Nursing Studies Massey University, Palmers ton North New Zealand

Charles Sturt University (Mitchell) Bathurst, NSW 2795 Australia

Philippin Union College Pasay City Philippines

Fiji School of Medicine Suva, Fiji

Wanakatane Hospital Private Bag, Wanakatane Bay of Plety New Zealand

Hangzhou No. 1 Hospital People's Republic of China

La Trobe University Melbourne Australia

Department of Nursing College of Medicine Seoul National University 28 Yunkeun-dong, Chongno-gu Seoul Republic of Korea

University of Wollongong Wollongong Australia

World Health Organization YWCA Building Suva, Fiji

-

Name of Nurse Researcher

Su-zi Kim

Sukhdev Kaur Sidhu

Sung Hee Koh

Takeo, Keiko

Tiang Siew Giong

Usui, Hiroko

Valderrama, Deogracias M. (Mrs)

Vudiniabola, Alisi T. (Ms)

Wang Tian-Fu

Wang Xiou Ying

Whang, Ae Ran

- 81 -

Address

College of Nursing Ewha Women's University Republic of Korea

Annex Bl

Advanced Nursing Education Programme University Hospital 59100 Kuala Lumpur Malaysia

College of Nursing Chun Buk National University Seoul Republic of Korea

School of Health Sciences The University of Tokyo 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku Tokyo, Japan

Advanced Nursing Education Programme University Hospital 59100 Kuala Lumpur Malaysia

Department of Nursing Chiba University 1-8-1 Inohana Chiba City Japan

Department of Nursing Philippine General Hospital Manila

Fiji School of Nursing Tamavua, Suva Fij i

Ti-Nang Navy Nursing School People's Republic of China

Medical University in Capital Peking People's Republic of China

College of Nursing Yonsei University Seoul Republic of Korea

Annex 11

Name of Nurse Researcher

Wong, Frances (Ms)

Wong, Ruth

Wong, Thomas (Mr)

Yasuko Higuchi

Yeo-shin Hong

Young Hee Choi

Yuko Minami

- 82 -

Address

Nursing Studies Section Hong Kong Polytechnic Hung Hom, Kowloon Hong Kong

Hong Kong Polytechnic Hung Hom, Kowloon Hong Kong

Department of Health Sciences Hong Kong Polytechnic Hung Hom, Kowloon Hong Kong

2-32-7 Minamiogikubo Suginami-ku Tokyo Japan

Department of Nursing College of Medicine Seoul National University 28 Yunkeun-Dong Chongno-gu, Seoul Republic of Korea

College of Nursing Ewha Women's University Seoul Republic of Korea

St Luke's College of Nursing 10-1 Akeishi-cho Chuo-ku, Tokyo Japan

-

-

- 83 -

ANNEX B2

NAMES AND ADDRESSES OF INSTITUTIONS INVOLVED IN NURSING RESEARCH

IN THE WESTERN PACIFIC REGION - 1991

Nage of Institution

A.T.I. (NurSing Studies)

Advanced Nursing Education Programme

Auckland Institute of Technology School of Nursing & Midwifery Faculty of Health Sciences

Bach Mai Hospital

Baptist College

Busan National University Nursing Department Medical College

Catholic Medical School Department of Nursing

Centre for Nursing Research, Inc.

Charles Sturt University

Charles Sturt University - Riveria Nursing Research Unit

Address

Northshore, Auckland New Zealand

University Hospital 59100 Kuala Lumpur Malaysia

Private Box Auckland New Zealand

Hanoi, Viet Nam

Waterloo Road Kowloon Tong Hong Kong

Seo Gu, Ami dong 1-10 Busan Republic of Korea

505 Banpo-dong Seochogu Seoul 137-701 Republic of Korea

Flinders University Bedford Park, South Australia 5042 Australia

Mitchell, Panorama Avenue Bathurst NSW 2795 Australia

P.O. Box 588, Wagga Wagga NSW 2650 Australia

Annex B2

N.p. of Institution

Chiba University School of Nursing

Chiba University Faculty of Nursing

Chinese University

Cho-Ray Hospital

- 84 -

Cumberland College of Health Sciences

Curtin University Department of Nursing

Deakin University School of Nursing

Deakin University Institute of Nursing Research

Deakin University

Department of Health Workforce Development

Ehwa Women's University Nursing College

Fiji School of Nursing

Flinders Medical Centre Centre for Nursing Research

Flinders University School of Nursing

Address

1-8-1 Inohana Chiba City 200 Japan

1-8-1 Inohana Chiba City 200 Japan

Shatin, New Territory Hong Kong

Ho Chi Minh Ci ty Viet Nam

East St., Lidcombe, NSW

Bentley, Perth, W.A. Western Australia Australia

Geelong, Victoria 3217 Australia

Geelong, Victoria 3217 Australia

Pigdons Road, Waurn Ponds Victoria 3221 Australia

Wellington New Zealand

11-1 Daehyun-Dong Seo Tae Mun Gu Seoul 120-750 Republic of Korea

Tamavua, Suva Fiji

Bedford Park South Australia 5042 Australia

Bedford Park, South Australia 5042 Australia

-

- 85 -

Name of Institution

Flinders University

General Hospital

General Hospital

General Hospital

General Hospital

Gerontological Nursing Research Network

Health Research Council

Hong Kong Chinese University

Hong Kong Nurses Association

Hong Kong Polytechnic Health Care Science Studies

Hong Kong University Department of Community Medicine

Hospital Matron

Hospital Services Department

Hospital Viet Nam Swedish for Children

Address

GPO Box 2100 Adelaide 5001 Australia

Alor Star, Kedah Malaysia

Annex B2

Johore Baru, Johore Malaysia

Kuling Sarawak Malaysia

Malacca Malaysia

4 Bundoora Repatriation Hospital, P.O. Box 72 Bundoora, Victoria 3083 Australia

Department of Health Wellington New Zealand

Hung Hom, Kowloon Hong Kong

221 Gloucester Road 12/7, Hyde Centre Wanchai, Hong Kong

Kowloon, Hong Kong

5 Sasson Road Li Shu Fan Building Hong Kong

Hospital Tengku Aapuan Rahiaah, Kelang Selangor Malaysia

Sunning Plaza, Causeway Bay Hong Kong

Hanoi, Viet Nam

Amex B2

NaM of Institution

Institute for the Protection of Children's Health

Institute Keaihatan Umua

Japan Nurses Association Survey and Research Section

Japanese Red Cross College of Nursing

Kitasato University

Kitasato University Hospital

Kitazato University School of Nursing

Korea University Department of Nursing College of Medicine

Kyung Buk University Nursing Department Medical College

Kyung Hee University Department of Nursing

La Trobe University Centre for Research in Public Health and Nursing

Lincoln School of Health Sciences

- 86 -

Address

Giang Vo Street Hanoi, Viet Nam

59200 Jalan Bangsar Kuala Lumpur Halaysia

5-8-2 Jingumae Shibuya-ku, Tokyo 150 Japan

4-1-3 Hiroo Shibuya-ku Tokyo 104 Japan

1-15-1 Kitasato, Sagamihara Kenagawa, Japan

1-15-1 Kitasato, Sagamihara Kanagawa, Japan

2-1-1 Kitazato, Sagamihara Kanagawa 228 Japan

2-4 Myoungyon Dong Chongno-gu Republic ofKorea

Dong in dong 2-101 Jung Ku, Tae Ku City Republic of Korea

Seoul Republic of Korea

St HeHers St. Abbotsford, Victoria 3067 Australia

Carlton Campus 625 Swanston St. Carlton, Victoria 3053 Australia

--

-

U .. , of InstitutioD

Hassey University Department of Nursing Studies

National Action Group

National Coordinating Centre for Nursing Research

National Institute"of Public Health Faculty of Nursing

New Zealand Nurses Association

New Zealand Nurses Union

New Zealand Nursing Council

NSW College of Nursing

Nursing Education and Research Foundation

Nursing Institute in Han Yang University Hospital

Nursing Research Committee

Nursing Research Institute of Western Australia

- 87 -

Address

Private Bag Palmers ton North New Zealand

Annex B2

Department of Health Box 5013, Wellington New Zealand

2 Slater St., He1bourne Victoria 3004 Australia

4-6-1 Shirokane-dai Hinato-ku, Tokyo Japan

P.O. Box 2128 Wellington New Zealand

P.O. Box 27088 Wellington New Zealand

P.O. Box 6240 Wellington New Zealand

55 Hereford St. Glebe, NSW 2037 Australia

P.O. Box 2128 Wellington New Zealand

Republic of Korea

Hospital Services Department Sunning Plaza, Hong Kong

Edith Cowan University Perth, Western Australia Australia

Annex B2

Ng. of IDltitutloD

Nursing Research Society in Korean Nurses Association

Nursing Section Ministry of Health

Nursing Working Group

Otago Polytechnic

- 88 -

Peking Union Medical College Hospital

Philippine General Hospital Department of Nursing

Philippine Nurses Association

Philippine Union College

Philippine Union College College of Nursing

Psychiatric Research Institute of Tokyo Nursing Department

Psychiatric Research Institute of Tokyo Department of Health Care and Nursing

Public Health Institute

Queen Elizabeth Hospital

Address

Nursing Department Medical College Seoul National University Yun-gun dong 28 Chong-rogu, Seoul Republic of Korea

138 Giang Vo Street Hanoi, Viet Nam

Ministry of Health 138A Giang Vo Street Hanoi, Viet Nam

Donedin

Beijing People's Republic of China

Taft Avenue, Manila Philippines

1663 F.T. Benitez St. Malate, Manila Philippines

Pasay City Philippines

Silang, Cavite Philippines

2-1-8 Kaaikitazawa Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 156 Japan

2-1-8 Kamikitazawa Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 156 Japan

Bangsar, Kuala Lumpur Malaysia

Woodville Road Woodville. SA Australia

-

Name of Institution

Queen Victoria Hospital

Royal College of Nursing

School of Health Science

Seoul National University Department of Nursing College of Medicine

Seoul National University Graduate School of Public Health

Siliman University

St Luke's College of Nursing

Sydney Nursing Research Centre

The Institute of Public Health Nursing Department

The University of Tokyo Department of Nursing School of Health Sciences

Tienjing Medical College Nursing Department

Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Neuroscience

- 89 -

Address

160 Fullarton Road Rose Park, SA 5067 Australia

AMex B2

Slater Street Melbourne, Victoria Australia

Tokyo University 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 113, Japan

28 Yunkeun-Dong Chongno-gu, Seoul 110-460 Republic of Korea

28 Yunkeun-Dong Chongno-gu, Seoul 110-460 Republic of Korea

Dumaguete City Philippines

10-1 Akeishi-cho, Chuo-ku Tokyo 104 Japan

Faculty of Nursing University of Sydney P.O. Box 170 Lidcombe, Sydney NSW 2141 Australia

4-6-1 Shirogane-dai> Kinato-ku, Tokyo 108 Japan

7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku Tokyo Japan

Tienjing People's Republic of China

Nursing Research Section 2-6 Masashidai, Fuchu-shi Tokyo 183, Japan

Annex B2

Nage of Institution

Tokyo Metropolitan I08titute of Gerontology

University of Guam

University of Hong Kong

University of New England

University of Santo Tomas

University of South Pacific

University of Sydney Institute of Nursing Studies

University of Sydney School of Nursing Centre for Nursing Research

University of Sydney Department of Nursing

- 90 -

Cumberland College of Health Sciences

University of Technology

University of the Philippines College of Nursing

University of Western Sydney

Victoria University Department of Nursing

Wellington Polytechnic School of Nursing and Health Education

Address

Nursing Research Section 35-2 Sakae-cho Itabashi-ku, Tokyo 173 Japan

Pofulam Road Hong Kong

Armidale, NSW 2351 Australia

Espana St., Sampaloc Manila, Philippines

Suva, Fiji

P.O. Box 170 Lidcombe, Sydney NSW 2141 Australia

P.O. Box 170 Lidcombe. Sydney NSW 2141 Australia

Broadway, Sydney Australia

Padre Faura St. Ermita, Manila Philippines

Kingswood Campus Kingswood NSW 2750 Australia

Wellington New Zealand

Private Box 756 Wellington New Zealand

-

NIJR of Institution

WHO Collaborating Centre for Research and Training for Nursing Development in PHC

Wollongong University

Yonsei University School of Nursing

- 91 -

Addre,s

Yonsei University Seoul 120-752 Republic of Korea

Annex B2

Northfields Avenue Wollonggong NSW 2500 Australia

134 Shinchon Dong Seo Tae Hun Gu Seoul Republic of Korea

- 93 -

ANNEXC

LETfERS OF INVITATION AND DATA COLLECflON TOOL

- 94 -

WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION .1 ORGANISATION MONDIALE DE LA SANTE

REGIONAL OFFICE FOR mE WESTERN PACIFIC BUREAU REGIONAL DU PACIFIQUE OCCIDENTAL

Tel.: 5112041·5113721

In reply pasc refer to :

Priere de r.ppclcr I. rtf'trencc:

Dear __________ _

The Western Pacific Region of the World Health Organization has been formulating strategies, developing and implementing mechanisms to achieve the goal of health for all by the year 2000. In order to achieve this goal, valid scientific health research is essential. The Forty Third World Health Assembly in its resolution No. WHA 43.19 specifically mentions nursing as a critical field in which scientific and institutional research capability must be strengthened.

As a response to this need, we are planning to conduct a study on nursing research which would require procurement of data from member states of the WHO Western Pacific Region. We would greatly appreciate your assistance and cooperation in providing us with the following information at country level which will help us in effectively planning this study:

1. List of nursing schools and addresses

2. List of teaching hospitals and addresses

3. List of professional nursing associations and addresses.

4. List of other research institutions/bodies with concentration on nursing and addresses

... /

United Nations Avenue. P.O. Box 2932. MANILA 2801, Philippines Tel.gr.: UNISANTE. Manila Telex: 63260·27652·40365 Fax: 632/5211036 United Nations Avenue, B.P. 2932, MANILLE 2801, Philippines TeIOgr.: UNISANTE, Manille Telex: 63260·27652·40365 Fax: 632/5211036

- 95 -

Of the foregoing institutions, please indicate, following the format below, the five which you would consider as most active in nursing research at present and the 'names of the key nurse researchers.

1- Nursing school

a. b. c. d. e.

2. Teaching hospital

a. b. c. d. e.

3. Professional associations

a. b. c. d. e.

3. Other research institutions

a. b. c. d. e.

Name of one most active researcher

Name of one most active researcher

Name of one most active researcher

Name of one most active researcher

- 96 -

We would.be grateful if you can send these information to us before the end of • either through the WHO office in your country or by direct mail.

Thank you for your kind cooperation and assistance.

Best regards and hoping all is well in spite of the crisis that is besetting us today due to the Gulf war.

Yours sincerely.

Ms Theresa Hiller Regional Nursing Adviser

- 97 -

REGIONAL OFFICE FOR mE WESTERN PACIFIC 8J ..,~

WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION ORGANISATION MONDIALE DE LA SANTE

BUREAU REGIONAL DU PACIFIQUE OCCIDENTAL

Tel.: 592041·593721

In reply please refer to :

Prierc de rappc:ler I. uftrcnce:

Dear

The Western Pacific Region of the World Health Organization has been formulating strategies, developing and implementing mechanisms to achieve the goal of health for all by the year 2000. In order to achieve this goal, valid scientific health research is essential. The Forty Third World Health Assembly in its resolution No. WHA 43.19, (see attached) specifically mentions nursing as a critical field in which scientific and institutional research capability must be strengthened.

Since its inception, the Western Pacific Advisory Committe on Medical Research has emphasized the need to facilitate the development of biomedical .research. However, during its 1990 meeting, the members noted the need for appropriate nursing research to develop health systems based on primary health care, and proposed that this issue be discussed at its next meeting (1992). The information you give will be utilized as background information for this meeting and more importantly, in planning WHO activities in this area.

The Regional Office in this study also wishes to gather information on the kinds of nursing research being done in the Region, the nurses and institutions doing research, the uses of nursing research, priority areas for nursing research, and the status of nursing research development in the various countries. The term "nursing" in this document refers to nurse/midwifery research. The value of the study will depend on the information that you and your colleagues will povide us. We are sending you 5 copies of the Nursing Research Questionnaire for collecting data in your country. Kindly complete one copy and collect data from 2 persons working in service and 2 persons working in the field of education, of your choice. It is requested that said questionnaires be given to respondents who are qualified nurses, midwives, or nurse midwives and of those who have 3 years or more of formal education in nursing.

. .. / ENCL.: As stated.

United Nations Avenue, P,O. Box 2932, MANILA 2801, Philippines Telegr.: UNlSANTE, Manila Telex: 63260·27652·40365 Fax: 632/5211036 1Jn;'tc-d Nationc; Avenue B P 2912 MANILLF ?ROI Phm~'Jines Tele'llr • lJN'SANTF y .. ""~I'(S Tplp'I" I'i""l'in _ "'1~~". J.\",.c::~ -':; .. y. ,,"')''H4'''P .,...,'"

- 98 -

Kindly return the five (5) co.pleted questionnaires to me either through the WHO office in your country or by direct mail at this address:

Hs Theresa Hiller Regional Adviser in Nursing World Health Organization Regional Office for the Western Pacific United Nations Avenue P.O. Box 2932 Manila 2801 Philippines

It would be appreciated if the completed questionnaires could be returned within two weeks after you receive them.

Thank you for your kind cooperation.

Yours sincerely.

Hs Theresa Hiller Regional Adviser in Nursing

- 99 -

WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION Regional Office for the Western Pacific

NURSING RESEARCH QUESTIONNAIRE

DIRECTIONS

The target population of this study are Nurses in the Western Pacific Region of the World Health Organization.

The questionnaire divided into four parts:

Part A requests information about your participation in research activities;

Part B requests information about selected aspects of your research environment and how critical these are to nursing research development;

Part C asks about priority areas of nursing research and other nurses and institutions involved in nursing research; and

Part D requests demographic and other work-related information.

Please answer all the questions. If there is a question you are unsure of, give your best estimate. Send this questionnaire by mail to Ms Theresa Miller, Regional Nursing Adviser, World Health Organization, Regional Office for the Western Pacific, United Nations Avenue, P.O. Box 2932, Manila 2801, Philippines, or through the WHO Representative office in yolir country.

- 100 -

Part A

PARTICIPATION IN RESEARCH

Part A has questions on your participation in research activities, the kinds of research you conducted, and the uses you made of nursing research from ~ to !2.2n.

1. From January 1986 to December 1990, did you undertake any of the foUowing activities? (Circle one number In Column 1.) If yes, how many times did you undertake the activity? (Answer in Column 2.)

If yes, no. Undertook of times

Activity Activity? activity was Yes No undertaken

(1) (2)

I. Authored or co-authored a published manuscript in a refereed* international/regional/national journal 1 2

2. Authored or co-authored a published manuscript in a non-refereed journal 1 2

3. Authored or co-authored a manuscript submitted for publication in a refereed journal 1 2

4. Authored or co-authored a manuscript submitted for publication in a non-refereed journal 1 2

5. Authored or co-authored a paper on a completed research study you conducted or participated in 1 2

6. Authored or co-authored a published book chapter 1 2

7. Authored or co-authored a published book or monograph 1 2

8. Authored a published book review 1 2

9. Edited a published book or monograph 1 2

10. Reviewed a manuscript for a professional journal 1 2

II. Served on an editorial board for a refereed journal (Each time appointed to a board = 1 time) 1 2

12. Written a research proposal for funding 1 2

13. Written a research proposal which was granted funds 1 2

14. Reviewed a research proposal for a funding agency (Each review = 1 time) 1 2

* Refereed means that the manuscript was sent by the journal to experts in the field who, in turn, made recommendations about the publication of the manuscript.

- 101 -

If yes, no. Undertook of times

Activity Activi~ activity was Yes 0 undertaken

(1) (2)

15. Served as principal investigator of a research study (Each study = 1 time) 1 2

16. Served as a consultant of a research study (Each study = 1 time) 1 2

17. Developed a published, practice based nursing theory or model 1 2

18. Developed or helped develop a professional network for research with colleagues possessing similar interests and who are external to your agency (Each total network = 1 time) 1 2

2. From January 1986 to December 1990, did you develop or assist in developing a nursing and/or health data base?

1 Yes 2 No (Go to Question 3)

If yes:

2.1 Was this data base computerized?

1 Yes 2 No

2.2 What types of information are in the data base? (Circle all data in the data base.)

1 Nursing manpower or workforce 2 Data on nursing schools and colleges 3 Hospitals and other health establishments 4 Nurse registries 5 Migration of nurses 6 Abstract of nursing studies 7 Health indicators 8 Demographic and socio·economic data from households 9. Others. Please specify __________ _

3. From January 1986 to December 1990, did you conduct/participate in a research study/project?

1 Yes 2 No (Go to Question 5)

FOR EACH STUDY/PROJECT, PLEASE PROVIDE INFORMATION IN TABLE I. (STUDIES/PROJECTS, JANUARY 1986 TO DECEMBER 1990). WRITE YOUR ANSWERS ON THE ANSWER SHEET PROVIDED AT THE BACK PORTION OF THIS BOOKLET. REPORT ON FIVE STUDIES/PROJECTS ONL Y.

Column

(1) What was/is the name or title of the study/project? Answer in Column 1.

- 102 -

Column

(2) Please indicate if study/project is: Answer in Column 2.

1 Completed 2 Ongoing

(3) What was/is the mlijor question/problem/objective of the study? Answer in Column 3.

(4) What was/is the primary purpose for undertaking the study/project? Select one number and write in Column 4.

1 Gain more information about selected phenomena 2 Determine presence of relationships between variables 3 Fulfill requirements for a course/degree 4 Get information that shall help decide between several courses of action 5 Help solve an existing problem 6 Suggest or support an administrative policy 7 Suggest or support a piece of legislation 8 Others. Please specify in Column 4.

(5) What was/is the nature or your participation in the study/project?

(6)

Select one number and write in Column 5.

1 Project Director 2 Consultant/Advisor 3 Principal Investigator 4 Co-investigator 5 Research Associate 6 Research Assistant 7 Field Supervisor 8 Interviewer/observer/data collector 9 Coder 10 Programmer 11 Others. Please specify in Column 5.

What was/is the geographic scope of the study/project? Select one number and write in Column 6.

1 Local 2 National 3 Involved two or more countries in one region 4 Involved countries from several regions

(7) What was/is the sample size or the study/project? Answer in Column 7.

(8) What research design was/is primarily used in the study project? Select one number and write in Column 8.

1 Secondary data analyses 2 Survey 3 Laboratory experiment 4 Field experiment 5 Historical 6 Comparative or cross-cultural 7 Ethnographic 8 Cohort 9 Others. Please specify in Column 8.

-

- 103 -

Column

(9) What was/is the primary method of collecting data? Select one number and write in Column 9.

1 Observation 2 Interview, face-to-face 3 Questionnaire 4 Telephone Interview 5 Standardized tools/tests 6 Others. Please specify in Column 9.

(10) Was/Is the study/project computer assisted? Select one !lumber and write in Column 10.

1 Yes 2 No

(11) What was/is the duration ofthe study/project in months? Answer in Column 11.

(12) Was/Is the study/project funded?

(13)

(14)

Select one number and write in Column 12.

1 Yes 2 No

If yes: What was/is the amount of funds for this study/project in US dollars and in local currency at the time of the grant? Answer in Column 12.

In what programme or programmes do you expect this project to contribute? Select all numbers that apply and write in Column 13; please separate e.ach number with a comma.

1 Research promotion and development 2 Health services development 3 Family health 4 Mental health 5 Prophylactic, diagnostic, and therapeutic substances 6 Communicable disease prevention and control 7 Non-communicable disease prevention and control 8 Promotion of environmental health 9 Health manpower development

10 Health information 11 Others. Please specify in Column 13.

Under what areas of concern would you classify this project? Select one number and write in Column 14.

1 Operations 2 Technology 3 Manpower 4 Management 5 Cost and finance 6 Policy 7 Methods 8 PHC implementation 9 Others. Please specify in Column 14.

For the last project, please go to Question 4.

- 104 -

4. The following are additional questions about the last study/project that you completed in January 1986 to December 1990.

4.1 Was the study/project conducted by yourself or with other researchers?

1 Myself (Go to Question 4.3) 2 With others

4.2 Did the study involve one or more discipline?

lOne discipline 2 More than one discipline

4.3 Was the study/project mainly basic research, applied research or both?

1 Basic· 2 Applied" 3 Both

4.4 Was the study/project a commissioned--- research?

1 Yes 2 No

4.5 Aside from the principal researchers or investigators, which of the following types of research personnel participated in the study/project? (Circle all who participated.)

1 Consultant 2 Statistician 3 Field supervisor 4 Programmer. 5 Research associate 6 Research assistants 7 Data collectors 8 Clerk 9 Librarian 10 Others. Please specify ________ _

4.6 What was the highest level of data analyses made?

lOne-variable analyses 2 Two-variable analyses 3 Three-or-more variable analyses

*The main purpose of the study was to understand a phenomenon and/or the relationships between phenomena.

**The main purpose of the study was to use the information generated to understand better or resolve an identified administrative, practice, education, and or policy issue/problem/question .

•• "The research was undertaken in response to the initiative or request of an outside agency that defined the terms of reference of the research project.

-

- 105 -

4.7 What uses of the computer were availed or?

1 None 2 Word processing 3 Data collection/entry 4 Data storage/retrieval 5 Generation of data base 6 Others. Please specify _____________ _

4.8 Did you write a research report on the study/project?

1 Yes 2 No (Go to Question 4.11)

4.9 Was the written report reproduced for distribution?

1 Yes 2 No

4.10 Was the written report published in a proressionaljoumal?

1 Yes 2 No

4.11 On the whole, how would you rate the quality of the study {project?

1 Very good 2 Good 3 Fair 4 Poor 5 Very Poor

S. From January 1986 to December 1990, how many times have you: (FREQUENcy) (Circle one number opposite each item.)

Six Times

Three Four Five or None Once Twice Times Times Times more

l. Been cited in a published work by another author 0 1 2 3 4 5 6

2. Cited a published or unpublished research report/paper of a nurse based in your country or another country in the Western Pacific Region 0 1 2 3 4 5 6

3. Introduced results of research in the solution of a problem you encountered in your work 0 1 2 3 4 5 6

:"; -'.. '" . .;.

- 106 -

Six Times

Three Four Five Or None Once Twice Times Times Times More

4. Presented a paper on a completed research study/project at a local meeting or seminar 0 1 2 3 4 5 6

5. Presented a paper on a completed research study/project at a national, regional, or international meeting 0 1 2 3 4 5 6

6. Developed a protocol for patient care based on research results 0 1 2 3 4 5 6

7. Used research findings in teaching. administration. or nursing practice 0 1 2 3 4 5 6

8. Presented your research findings to program implementors 0 1 2 3 4 5 6

9. Written a popular version of your research paper for lay people 0 1 2 3 4 5 6

10. Presented to administrative -policy-makers the policies implied by your research findings 0 1 2 3 4 5 6

11. Presented to legislative policy-makers the policies implied by your research findings 0 1 2 3 4 5 6

12. Discussed your research fmdings with personnel at the Ministry or Department of Health 0 1 2 3 4 5 6

- 107 -

PAR:r B

RESEARCH ENVIRONMENT and

NEEDS FOR NURSING DEVEWPMENT

6. Part B has questions on the research conditions or facilities that are currently available to you, the conditions that facilitate and constrain your participation in research, and your perceived needs for nursing research development in your institution.

6.1 Now, in the table below, please indicate whether the following conditions or facilities are present or available to you: (Circle one number opposite each condition/facility in Column 1.)

6.2 How critical are the following conditions or factors in the development or further development of a nursing research capability in the institution where you are currently employed? (Circle one number opposite each condition/factor in Column 2.)

(1) (2) Present or Not at Very

Condition/factor available all highly Yes No critical critical

1. Formal training in research and statistics of personnel 1 2 1 2 3 4 5 6

2. Continuing education training in research and statistics for personnel 1 2 1 2 3 4 5 6

3. Training for use of computer software and hardware 1 2 1 2 3 4 5 6

4. Availability of resource persons with research expertise 1 2 1 2 3 4 5 6

5. Technical assistance for data analyses 1 2 1 2 3 4 5 6

6. Programmer assistance 1 2 1 2 3 4 5 6

7. Research assistant 1 2 1 2 3 4 5 6

8. Clerical support 1 2 1 2 3 4 5 6

9. Computer assisted library assistance 1 2 1 2 3 4 5 6

- 108 -

(1) (2) Present or Not at Very

Condition/factor available all highly Yes No critical critical

10. Other types of library assistance . 1 2 1 2 3 4 5 6

11. Copies of research journals in last 5 years 1 2 1 2 3 4 5 6

12. Superiors who do research 1 2 1 2 3 4 5 6

13. Peers doing research 1 2 1 2 3 4 5 6

14. Availability of computers 1 2 1 2 3 4 5 6

15. Availability of computer software 1 2 1 2 3 4 5 6

16. Duplication/reproduction facility 1 2 1 2 3 4 5 6

17. Office space 1 2 1 2 3 4 5 6

18. Research space other than office 1 2 1 2 3 4 5 6

19. Attendance at regional! international research meetings 1 2 1 2 3 4 5 6

20. Funds for research 1 2 1 2 3 4 5 6 -21. Time to do research

22. Opportunities for doing research 1 2 1 2 3 4 5 6

23. Interest in doing research 1 2 1 2 3 4 5 6

24. Material and non-material rewards/recognition for doing research 1 2 1 2 3 4 5 6

25. Encouragement from administration 1 2 1 2 3 4 5 6

26. An overall work atmosphere conducive to research 1 2 1 2 3 4 5 6

- 109 -

7. Name three (3) conditions or factors that will increase your doing or participating in research in the future.

1., ________________ ------------

2., _________________________________________________ __

3. _____________________________________________ __

8. Name three (3) conditions or factors existing at present that discourage or constrain you from doing or participating in research.

1. ___________________________ __

2. ______________________________________________ __

3. ______________________________________________ __

PARTC

RESEARCH PRIORITIES, NURSE RESEARCHERS AND

INSTITUTIONS

Part C has questions on your priority areas or topics on nursing research, the top nurse researchers, and nursing research institutions in your country. .

9. What are the top five (5) priority areas/topics/issues that nurse researchers ought to do research on now?

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

- 110 -

10. Are there statements, from the government or private sources, that identify priority areas for nursing research In your country?

1 Yes 2No (Go to Question 11)

If yes:

10.1 What are these priority areas for nursing research?

10.2 As far as you know, brieny describe the steps or processes that were taken to generate these priority areas for nursing research.

1. ________________________________________________ _

2. ________________________________________________ _

3. ________________________________________________ _

4. ---------------------------------------------------5. ________________________________________________ _

11. Name the top five (5) nurse researchers in your country. Please provide their full names and addresses:

1. Name: ------------------------------------------------Address: -----------------------------------------------

2. Name: -------------------------------------------------------Address: -----------------------------------------------

3. Name: ------------------------------------------------Address: -----------------------------------------------

- 111 -

4. Name: ------------------------------------------------Address:

----------------------~----~----~----------

5. Name: -----------------------------------------Address: _______________________ _

12. Name the top five (5) nursing institutions in the field of nursing research in your country. Please provide the complete name and address of the institution.

1. Name: ------------------------------------------------------Address: _________________________ ___

2. Name: -----------------------------------------Address: ________________________ ___

3. Name: -----------------------------------------------Address: ____________________________________________ _

4. Name: -------------------------------------Address: ------------------------

5. Name: -------------------------------------Address: _________________________________________________ _

- 112 -

PARTD

PERSONAL and

WORK·RELATED INFORMATION

Part D has questions on demographic and other work·related inrormation.

13. What is your year or birth? ________ _

14. Sex

1-.1 Male

15. What is your civil status?

1 Single 2 Married 3 Divorced/separated/widowed 4 Others

1 I Female

16. Do you have children 5 years old and below?

1 Yes 2 No

17. What is the highest nursing/midwifery degree you received?

1 3-year certificate 2 3-year diploma 3 BSN 4 Master 5 Doctorate

18. Do you have a non-nursing degree?

1 Yes 2 No (Go to Question 19)

If yes:

18.1 What is the highest non-nursing degree you received?

1 Bachelor 2 Master 3 Doctorate

18.2 In what field is your non-nursing degree? __________ _

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19. Did you ever attend a formal course in research?

1 Yes 2 No (Go to Question 20)

If yes:

19.1 What level was the course? (Circle all that applies.)

1 Certificate/Diploma 2 Bachelor 3 Post Graduate 4 Master 5 Doctorate

19.2 How many hours was the course? (If more than one level, give total hours for all levels.)

number of hours -------20. Did you ever attend a formal course in statistics in fields like education, the social

sciences, biostatistics, epidemiology and the like?

1 Yes 2 No (Go to Question 21)

If yes:

20.1 What level was the course? (Circle all that applies.) .

1 Certificate/Diploma 2 Bachelor 3 Post Graduate 4 Master 5 Doctorate

20.2 How many hours was the course? (If more than one level, give total hours for all levels.)

number of hours -----21. Did you ever attend a formal course in computer science?

1 Yes 2 No (Go to Question 22)

If yes:

How many hours was the course?

number of hours -----

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22. Do you know how to use computers?

1 Yes 2 No (Go to Question 23)

If yes:

What sollware do you use or know how to use?

23. Are you a salaried employee?

1 Yes 2 No

24. In what area of nursing may your present work be primarily classified?

1 Nursing administration 2 Nursing education 3 Nursing continuing education 4 Nursing practice 5 Nursing research 6 Others. Please specify _______________ _

25. What is your current position/rank?

1 Instructor or lower in a university/college

2 Assistant Professor in a university/college

3 Associate Professor in a university/college

4 Professor in a university/college

Chief Nurse/Director of Nursing/ Assistant Director of Nursing

2 Principal Nursing Officer 3 Matron 4 Supervisor 5 Head Nurse 6 Staff Nurse 7 Others. Please specify

26. What is the primary classification of your specialty?

1 MCH 2 Mental health/psychiatric 3 Medical-surgical . 4 Community health/public health/primary health care 5 School health 6 Others. Please specify _______________ _

-.

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27. In January 1986 to December 1990, did you spend any of your working time in research activities?

1 Yes 2 No (Go to Question 28)

If yes:

27.1 Was this time within your regular working hours?

1 Yes 2 No

27.2 On the average, how many hours per month did you spend on research activities?

-----number of hours per month

28. Is doing research a part of your job deSCription?

1 Yes 2 No

29. What degree of interest do you have in doing research?

1 Very low 2 Low 3 Fair 4 High 5 Very high

30. On the whole, what is your assessment of your competence in doing research?

1 Very highly competent 2 Highly competent 3 Competent 4 Quite competent 5 Not competent

31. How important is doing research to you?

1 Extremely important 2 Very important 3 Important 4 Fairly important 5 Of little importance

32. What is your mailing address, telephone, and fax number?

Name __________________________________________________________ __

Mailing Address

Telephone and Fax Number

THANK YOU VERY MUCH !!!

Table I. STUDIES/PROJECTS, JANUARY 1986 TO DECEMBER 1990 (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9)

Name S!. Ma/or question Purpose Particl· Googra. Sample Dosign Method Iproblem /ob/octlve pallon phlc Scope aile

Study/Project 1

Study/Project 2

Study/Project 3

Study/Project 4

!

Study/Project 5

I

I

I

Please refer to pages 2-4 for alternatives/options/answer codes_

) )

ANSWER SHEET FOR QUESTION NO.3

(10) (11) (12) (13) (14)

Compu- Duration Fundedl Contrl- /Vuo! terlled Nnount bullon concern

I ,

,

... ... a.