NURSING RESEARCH I CLASS QUIZOCTOBER 19, 1999

Name_______________________DIRECTIONS: Please print, complete, and bring to class with your name on this sheet, ready to turn in. Select the best response to each question. This is a ten-point quiz.

1. In experimental and quasi-experimental research, another name for the "treatment" isa. biasb. controlc. manipulationd. validity

2. The following diagram represents what type of design?

Subject selection Measurement Treatment Measurement R M T M R M M

a. pretest / post-test control group designb. post-test only designc. factorial designd. time series design

3. A study examining the effects of an injection into a relaxed muscle versus a contracted muscle on a patient's discomfort is an example of:a. descriptive researchb. basic researchc. correlational researchd. quasi-experimental research

4. The purpose of randomization is to:a. ensure representativeness of the target populationb. detect inconsistencies in the sampling procedurec. evaluate the sampling criteriad. assess the adequacy of the research design

5. Another name for probability sampling isa. accidental samplingb. random samplingc. quota samplingd. purposive sampling

6. You are to select a set of 5 subjects using a random numbers table. The selected population is 50. Your pencil was initially placed on the 2nd column from the left and 3rd row down. The decision is to move across the columns to the right. The subject numbers will be:

06 63 10 34 66 39 54 02 33 8507 84 10 22 56 72 25 70 69 4303 19 63 93 72 52 13 30 44 4077 32 69 58 25 15 55 38 19 6220 01 94 54 66 88 43 91 34 28

a. 13, 30, 44, 40, 32b. 33, 02, 54, 39, 66c. 19, 38, 55, 15, 25d. 19, 63, 93, 72, 52

7. You are shopping in the mall and are approached by individuals who identify themselves as researchers for a local food chain, and they ask you to participate in their study by answering a few questions. As a subject for this survey, you were selected by which method of sampling?a. random samplingb. convenience samplingc. purposive samplingd. systematic sampling

8. You want to obtain a sample of individuals who are HIV positive. Which of the following sampling methods would be the MOST effective way to obtain an adequate sample.a. accidental samplingb. cluster samplingc. network samplingd. simple random sampling

9. The sample size needed for a study increases when:a. the alpha level is increased from .01 to .05b. the number of variables in the study decreasec. the sensitivity of the instruments used is lowd. a one-tailed versus a two-tailed statistical test is used

10. A researcher is studying the relationship between age and involvement in social activities. This is what type of research?a. correlational researchb. descriptive researchc. experimental researchd. quasi-experimental research

Quiz 11, Critique and Utilization of Nursing Research

1. A research critique should be:a. a criticism of a researcher’s faulty methodologic research decisions.b. An inventory of needed improvements in research design.c. An analysis of a study’s internal validity problems.d. A balanced appraisal of a study’s strength’s and weaknesses.

2. If a reader concluded that a study had internal validity problems, this would involve a critique of which of the following dimensions of the study?a. substantiveb. methodologicalc. ethical d. interpretive

3. The handling of response set biases concerns which of the following methodologic decisions in a quantitative study?a. research designb. sampling planc. data collection proceduresd. data analysis plan

4. If a reviewer perceived that the researcher failed to consider important study weaknesses in the concluding section of the report (implications and limitations), this would involve a critique of which of the following dimensions?a. substantiveb. methodologicc. ethical d. interpretive

5. Suppose a researcher hypothesized that a relatioonship existed between nurses’ leadership behavior and job satisfaction. Correlational analysis revealed an r of .60 that had a p value beyond the .001 level. The researcher may conclude all of the following except:a. the greater the leadership behavior the higher the job satisfactionb. the data analysis suggested that the hypothesis was correctc. a statistically significant relationship exists between nurses’ leadership behaviors

and job satisfactiond. high levels of leadership behavior causes high job satisfaction

6. Non significant findings indicated that the null hypothesisa. is acceptedb. failed to be rejected (retained)c. is provend. is inconclusive

7. The person who critiques a published research report should strive to:a. withhold overly critical comments that would discourage the researcherb. focus primarily on the data analysis and findingsc. judge the merits of the study based on the researcher’s backgroundd. remain as objective and balanced as possible

True or False

_____8. Only researchers can adequately evaluate the decisions that another researcher makes in conducting a study._____9. Publication of a research report indicates that the research is of high quality._____10.The more faulty decisions a reviewer can identify, the better the critique._____11. Most research studies have adequacies and inadequacies._____12. Critical appraisals of research reports play a critical role in the advancement of knowledge._____13. The major focus of a research critique is the evaluation of the results._____14. Interpretation of results in quantitative studies refers to the process of attaching meaning to the numeric values obtained in statistical testing._____15. A statistically significant result may not have practical significance._____16. When the research hypotheses have been supported it is common practice to infer causality.

17. Which of the following strategies for utilization is most amenable to adoption by nursing students?a. preparing integrative reviews and protocols for clinical adoptionb. replicating research studiesc. reading professional journals widely and critically

18.Which of the following present roadblocks to clinically using research findings?a. Low or negative cost/benefit ratiob. communication failure between researchers and clinical nursesc. lack of reproducible resultsd. lack of supported clinical significancee. all of the above

19. When interpreting research results published in lay media to your patients, the most important information to impart is:a. their lack of expertise in interpreting the findingsb. sensationalism in lay publications is common, only their physician is able to

determine if the findings are useful to them.c. one study never proves the effectiveness of any treatment.d. all research should be viewed with scientific skepticism

Question Excerpt From Nursing Research Online Quiz 1

Q.1)  Having worked in the emergency word for six months, you are convinced that crisis intervention is one of those services that a nurse can charge a professional fee. This knowledge is based on: (1)

A. scientific method B. experiences C. consulting expert D. trial and error E. none of the above

Q.2)  While working at the ICU, a member of the research team remembers that the head nurse and a supervisor conducted a small scale study on "The effects of Music Therapy on Pain Relief among selected patients in ICU. Which of the following best describes this? (2) 

A. scientific method B. trial and error C. experience D. tradition E. none of the above

Q.3) 

One of the problems encountered by the other members of the research team concerns bed sores. In one unit, it was CLEARED that they tried using the bark of Banana to line the skin where possible pressure sore is suspected. The knowledge in this situation is through:(3)

A. experience B. consulting expert C. trial and error D. tradition E. none of the above

Q.4)  One of the problems encountered by the other members of the research team concerns bed sores. In one unit it was LEARNED that they tried using the bark of Banana to line the skin where possible pressure sore is suspected. The knowledge In this situation is through:

(4) 

A. trial arid error

B. scientific method C. tradition D. experience E. none of the above

Q.5) 

One member of the research team used to be assigned in the reproductive health clinic of the OPD. The nurses in that clinic were on infection control and for a long time have not been using disinfectant solutions for the sterile container after use and have a new sterile pick-up and sterile dry container everyday. The knowledge of keeping the pick up forceps sterile in this manner has been acquired through: (5) 

A. trial and error B. scientific method C. consulting expert D. tradition E. none of the above

Q.6)  Nurse Vilma is interested to conduct a mini research on responsible parenthood. How should Nurse Vilma start the process of research? (6)

A. Make a survey in the neighbourhood B. Identify what should be the focus of the study C. Observe family relationships at home D. Watch family interactions in telenovelas and family shows E. None of the above

Q.7)  Nurse Vilma is interested to conduct a mini research on responsible parenthood. Where else will Nurse Vilma start the process of research? (7) 

A. Conversation with classmates and friends B. Literature review C. Community data D. Notes from lecture E. None of the above

Q.8)  Read very well this statement: "Responsible parenthood is a 50-50% sharing of responsibilities between the husband and wife." What part of the research cannon does this belong? (8) 

A. Research hypothesis B. Problem Statement C. Tool paradigm D. Conceptual framework E. None of the above Q.9)  Responsible parenthood through survey research is best analyzed by what design? (9) 

A. Correlation

B. Qualitative C. Triangulation D. Quantitative E. None of the above

Q.10)  The data that will be gathered in the study about responsible parenthood should give an answer to your: (10) 

A. Hypothesis B. Conceptual framework C. Research problem D. Instrumentation E. None of the above

Q.11) 

Which of the following is/are the purpose/s of a basic research? (14)I. To extend the base knowledgeII. Formulation or refinement of theoryIII. For discovery of the general principlesIV. To find solutions for existing problems

 

A. I, II B. II, III C. I, II, III

D. I, II, III, IV

E. None of the above Q.12)  All EXCEPT one are the purposes of applied research: (15)

A. To find solutions for existing problems B. Focuses on factors which can be changed by intervention to achieve a desired goal C. For solving problems D. Uses inductive process E. None of the above

Q.13)  It describes an existing problem situation and examines the underlying factors that contribute to the emergence of the problem. (18)

A. Exploratory research B. Explanatory research C. Applied research D. Qualitative research E. None of the above Q.14)  All of the following are parts of the conceptual phase of research EXCEPT: (20)

A. Problem identification B. Placing problem in conceptual and theoretical framework C. Reviewing literature D. Determining sampling plan E. None of the above Q.15)  Which of the following is a null hypothesis? (21)

A. A negative statement which indicates that there is no association between variables

B. A positive research hypothesis that there is association or significant relationship

between variables

C. States whether the relationship between the variables is positive or negative, direct or inverse

D. Merely states the presence or absence of a relationship but does not specify the direction

E. None of the above

Q.16)  "Is there a relationship between the presence of an airbed and the incidence of

breakdown?"' Identify the independent variable: (22)

A. Presence of airbed B. Incidence of skin breakdown C. Relationship between airbed and skin breakdown D. Airbed decreases the incidence of skin breakdown E. None of the above Q.17)  Which of the following is an example of a directional hypothesis? (23)

A. There is no difference in incidence of skin breakdown between patients who are and who are not placed on an airbed

B. There is a difference in incidence of skin breakdown between patients who are not placed on an airbed

C. Comatose patients placed on an airbed will have a lower incidence of skin breakdown than those who are not

D. All of the above E. None of the above

Q.18) 

Which among the following are sources of a research problem? (24) I. Experience II. Literature III. Social issues IV. Theory  

A. I, II

B. II, III, IV

C. I, IV D. All of these E. None of these Q.19)  The accuracy and consistency of information obtained in the study is known as: (25)

A. Reliability B. Validity C. Confirmability D. Credibility E. None of the above Q.20)  All of the following are the major ethical principles in research EXCEPT: (27)

A. Beneficence B. Respect for human dignity C. Justice D. Generalizability E. None of the above

Q.21)  Which of the following exemplifies a right of self disclosure in research? (28)

A. Participants have the freedom to control their own activities including study participation

B. Researcher has fully described to prospective participants their rights and full nature of the study

C. Researcher protects the anonymity of the participants D. All of the above E. None of the above

Q.22)  Which of the following choices manipulates and independent variable but no

randomization or control group? (30)

A. Cross-sectional B. Longitudinal C. Quasi-experimental D. Prospective E. None of the above

Q.23) 

Which of the following are internal variables that influence health beliefs and practices? (38)

 

A. Cultural background and nationality B. Socio-economic factors C. Educational background D. Health status E. None of the above

Q.24)  If you are to conduct a research related to drug dependence, which one is the best method to use in collecting the data? (39)

A. Participant observation B. Related literature C. Interview D. Historical records E. None of the above

Q.25)  Which of the following characteristics of a clinical nursing is NOT a potential for research? (41)

A. It has the potential to change how nursing care is delivered in the unit B. It is value laden and involves feelings and perceptions C. It reflects something that could be improved in clinical practice D. It is a problem that occurs frequently in a particular client group

Q.26)  In your OWN WORDS, describe the reasons why nurses do research.