Nursery/ Landscape Nursery/ Landscape DisordersDisorders

Eddie McKieEddie McKie

APHIDSAPHIDS

Small (up to ¼”) soft-Small (up to ¼”) soft-bodied insects.bodied insects.

The characteristic The characteristic feature that feature that distinguishes aphids distinguishes aphids from other insects are from other insects are the “tail pipes” (called the “tail pipes” (called cornicles) which cornicles) which extend from the rear extend from the rear of their abdomen. of their abdomen.

BagwormBagworm

Any of several moths of Any of several moths of the family Psychidae, the family Psychidae, which construct fibrous which construct fibrous cases of silk spun cases of silk spun together with leaves, together with leaves, twigs, or grass. The plant-twigs, or grass. The plant-feeding larvae and feeding larvae and wingless adult females wingless adult females live in these cases. live in these cases.

BorerBorer

Type of caterpillar Type of caterpillar that goes inside the that goes inside the plant (usually plant (usually between cambium between cambium and bark or inside the and bark or inside the pith of some stems) pith of some stems) and feeds. Can and and feeds. Can and often does cause often does cause death of plant.death of plant.

GrubGrub

Thick, soft insect Thick, soft insect larvae (usually a larvae (usually a beetle larvae)beetle larvae)

LEAF MINERLEAF MINER

Insect larvae that feed Insect larvae that feed inside a leaf, between inside a leaf, between the upper and lower the upper and lower surfaces.surfaces.

MEALY BUGMEALY BUG

Mealybugs derive Mealybugs derive their name from the their name from the white, waxy, mealy white, waxy, mealy secretions that cover secretions that cover their bodies. their bodies.

POWDERY MILDEWPOWDERY MILDEW

Infected plants will Infected plants will display white powder-display white powder-like spots on the like spots on the leaves and stems. leaves and stems.

The fungus is favored The fungus is favored by periods of high by periods of high relative humidity or relative humidity or site conditions that site conditions that promote a more promote a more humid environment humid environment

SCALESCALE

Either soft scales or Either soft scales or armored scalesarmored scales

Covered with waxy Covered with waxy shell for most of their shell for most of their life which protects life which protects them from predators them from predators or insecticidesor insecticides

SLUGSLUG

SlugsSlugs are are gastropod mollusks without without shells or with very shells or with very small internal shells, small internal shells, in contrast to in contrast to snails..

SPIDER MITESPIDER MITE

To the naked eye, To the naked eye, spider mites look like spider mites look like tiny moving dots tiny moving dots

Adults have eight legs Adults have eight legs and an oval body, and an oval body, with two red eyespots with two red eyespots near the head end of near the head end of the body. the body.

WHITEFLYWHITEFLY

Adults are less than Adults are less than 1/8” long and, like 1/8” long and, like their name suggests, their name suggests, have white wings with have white wings with pale yellow bodies. pale yellow bodies.

Adult whiteflies Adult whiteflies congregate above congregate above and under leaf and under leaf surfaces, and surfaces, and disperse in clouds disperse in clouds when disturbed. when disturbed.

BLACK SPOTBLACK SPOT Round to irregular black splotches Round to irregular black splotches

with fringed margins are quite with fringed margins are quite obvious, mostly on upper leaf obvious, mostly on upper leaf surfaces. surfaces.

Round to irregular black splotches Round to irregular black splotches with fringed margins are quite with fringed margins are quite obvious, mostly on upper leaf obvious, mostly on upper leaf surfaces. Leaf yellowing develops surfaces. Leaf yellowing develops around these black spots, with around these black spots, with defoliation of these infected leaves defoliation of these infected leaves common. Round to irregular black common. Round to irregular black splotches with fringed margins are splotches with fringed margins are quite obvious, mostly on upper quite obvious, mostly on upper leaf surfaces. Leaf yellowing leaf surfaces. Leaf yellowing develops around these black develops around these black spots, with defoliation of these spots, with defoliation of these infected leaves common. Leaf infected leaves common. Leaf yellowing develops around these yellowing develops around these black spots, with defoliation of black spots, with defoliation of these infected leaves common. these infected leaves common.

IRON CHLOROSISIRON CHLOROSIS

Iron chlorosis is a Iron chlorosis is a yellowing of plant leaves yellowing of plant leaves caused by iron deficiency caused by iron deficiency that affects many that affects many desirable landscape. desirable landscape.

The primary symptom of The primary symptom of iron deficiency is iron deficiency is interveinal chlorosis, the interveinal chlorosis, the development of a yellow development of a yellow leaf with a network of leaf with a network of dark green veins. dark green veins.

Annual BluegrassAnnual Bluegrass

One of the most One of the most common weeds of common weeds of turf, ornamental turf, ornamental plantings, and plantings, and gardens in the United gardens in the United States. It has a boat-States. It has a boat-shaped tip, folded in shaped tip, folded in the bud. the bud.

Plantain Plantain Species of familiar Species of familiar

garden, lawn, and garden, lawn, and roadside weeds. The roadside weeds. The leaves lack a proper leaves lack a proper blade. What appears to blade. What appears to be a blade is an be a blade is an expanded petiole with expanded petiole with several parallel main several parallel main veins, emerging at the veins, emerging at the base of the stalk. Small base of the stalk. Small flowers are borne in flowers are borne in spikes or heads atop long spikes or heads atop long leafless stalks leafless stalks

NUTGRASSNUTGRASS

Nutgrass has yellow-Nutgrass has yellow-green, wide-bladed green, wide-bladed leaves that are leaves that are smooth and shiny or smooth and shiny or waxy on the upper waxy on the upper side. side.

Nutgrass grows 1-3 Nutgrass grows 1-3 feet tall if not mowed. feet tall if not mowed.

Yellow and purple Yellow and purple varietiesvarieties

ChickweedChickweed Either of two species of Either of two species of

small-leaved weeds.small-leaved weeds. Common chickweedCommon chickweed usually grows to 18 in. usually grows to 18 in. but is a low-growing and but is a low-growing and spreading annual weed in spreading annual weed in mowed lawns. mowed lawns. Mouse-ear Mouse-ear chickweedchickweed is usually a is usually a shorter, mat-forming, shorter, mat-forming, spreading perennial with spreading perennial with many upright stems. Both many upright stems. Both species have species have inconspicuous but inconspicuous but delicate white, star-delicate white, star-shaped flowers.shaped flowers.

CRABGRASSCRABGRASS Crabgras is a low-growing Crabgras is a low-growing

summer annual that spreads summer annual that spreads by seed and from rootings of by seed and from rootings of nodes that lie on the soil. nodes that lie on the soil.

It may grow upright to a height It may grow upright to a height of 2 feet. It will not tolerate of 2 feet. It will not tolerate close mowing as well as close mowing as well as smooth crabgrass. smooth crabgrass.

True leaves are generally 3 True leaves are generally 3 inches long and hairy on the inches long and hairy on the upper surface of the leaf and upper surface of the leaf and leaf sheath. leaf sheath.

The branches are l about 2 to The branches are l about 2 to 5 inches at the end of the 5 inches at the end of the stalk. stalk.

DandelionDandelion Weedy perennial Weedy perennial

herbaceous plant that is herbaceous plant that is widespread in much of widespread in much of temperate North America. temperate North America. Has a rosette of leaves Has a rosette of leaves at the base of the plant; a at the base of the plant; a deep taproot; a smooth, deep taproot; a smooth, hollow stem; and a hollow stem; and a solitary yellow flower solitary yellow flower head composed only of head composed only of ray flowers (no disk ray flowers (no disk flowers). The fruit is a flowers). The fruit is a ball-shaped cluster of ball-shaped cluster of many small, tufted, one-many small, tufted, one-seeded fruits. seeded fruits.

Henbit Henbit

Lower leaves have a stalk Lower leaves have a stalk while the upper leaves while the upper leaves clasp the stem. Stems clasp the stem. Stems are square. Leaves are are square. Leaves are coarsely toothed and coarsely toothed and opposite from each other. opposite from each other. Flowers appear in May Flowers appear in May and are about one-half and are about one-half inch long, trumpet-inch long, trumpet-shaped, pinkish white to shaped, pinkish white to purple, and form just purple, and form just above upper leaves.above upper leaves.

OXALISOXALIS The leaves are divided The leaves are divided

into three to ten or more into three to ten or more round, heart-shaped or round, heart-shaped or lanceolate leaflets, lanceolate leaflets, arranged in a whorl with arranged in a whorl with all the leaflets of roughly all the leaflets of roughly equal size. equal size.

The majority of species The majority of species have three leaflets; in have three leaflets; in these species, the leaves these species, the leaves are superficially similar to are superficially similar to those of some cloversthose of some clovers

Clover Clover Creeps to form patches in Creeps to form patches in

turf and emerges from a turf and emerges from a fibrous root system. fibrous root system. Compound leaves are Compound leaves are composed of three composed of three unstalked oval leaflets, up to unstalked oval leaflets, up to 4/5 inch long. They are dark 4/5 inch long. They are dark green and often with faint, green and often with faint, white, crescent-shaped white, crescent-shaped markings. Clover flowers markings. Clover flowers occur in ball-shaped white to occur in ball-shaped white to pink clusters of pea-shaped pink clusters of pea-shaped flowers that are held slightly flowers that are held slightly above the foliage. This weed above the foliage. This weed occurs in most lawns and occurs in most lawns and especially in moist, low-especially in moist, low-fertility soils throughout fertility soils throughout growing season.growing season.

Purslane Purslane Common purslane is an Common purslane is an

annual broadleaf that grows annual broadleaf that grows rapidly in spring and summer. rapidly in spring and summer. Leaves are very succulent, Leaves are very succulent, often tinged red, and wedge-often tinged red, and wedge-shaped. Small yellow flowers shaped. Small yellow flowers are born singly or in clusters of are born singly or in clusters of two or three in stem junctions two or three in stem junctions or at tips of stems. The mature or at tips of stems. The mature plant may form a mat or grow plant may form a mat or grow up to a foot tall. The plant up to a foot tall. The plant branches at the base and branches at the base and along the stems. Purslane along the stems. Purslane seeds are very tiny and seeds are very tiny and produced in abundance. produced in abundance.

Wild Garlic/OnionWild Garlic/Onion Wild Onion Characteristics:Wild Onion Characteristics:

Bulb has reticulated (net like) Bulb has reticulated (net like) membrane or covering. membrane or covering.

Leaves occur from the base of Leaves occur from the base of the plant, and tend to be flat the plant, and tend to be flat (not hollow). (not hollow).

Wild Garlic Characteristics:Wild Garlic Characteristics: Leaves are hollow, and tend to Leaves are hollow, and tend to

be formed higher on the stem be formed higher on the stem (not where stem comes out of (not where stem comes out of the ground). the ground).

Distinct garlic odor. Distinct garlic odor.