NURS 3013: 26648

Theoretical & Conceptual Foundations of Nursing

Oklahoma State University

NURS 3013: Theoretical and Conceptual Foundations of Nursing This course introduces selected concepts and theories pertinent to nursing practice in a variety of healthcare environments. Theories are addressed as frameworks for practice. Historical, legal, cultural, economic, and social factors influencing patient care are analyzed. Philosophical perspectives related to professional nursing are considered. Strategies are discussed when analyzing and managing ethical dilemmas and the application of these strategies to health and wellness promotion will be examined.

Faculty: Name: Dr. Mary Malaska Office: Willard 435 Phone: (405) 744-1998 (office) (405) 226-7182 (cell) E-mail: mary.malaska@okstate.edu

Prerequisites and Support Courses: NURS 3000

NURS 3013 Course Objectives: Upon successful completion of NURS 3013, the student will be able to:

1. Compare and contrast selected nursing theories and their impact on nursing practice. 2. Critique selected nursing theories for their utilization in practice with a focus on health promotion and

wellness and inter-professional collaboration. 3. Demonstrate an understanding of the ways in which cultural and economic influences have

impacted theoretical frameworks for nursing practice. 4. Identify situations that create ethical dilemmas in nursing/health care and identify strategies for ethical

decision making found in selected theories for nursing practice. 5. Articulate a personal philosophy of nursing.

Textbooks, Websites, and Supplemental Materials: Required Textbook:

Alligood, M. (2014). Nursing theory: Utilization and application. (5th ed.). St. Louis, MO.: Elsevier. ISBN: 978-0-323-09189-3

Required Websites: Canvas Course Site: http://canvas.okstate.edu Edmon Low Library: http://library.okstate.edu

Required Computer Software: MS Office Suite or equivalent, Adobe Reader, and a media player. Through an agreement with Microsoft Corporation, Oklahoma State University students may download – FOR FREE – current Microsoft Office and other software from the Software Distribution Center website at: https:// app.it.okstate.edu/sdc/login.php.

Mode/Style of Teaching: Using the online classroom, a variety of modalities will be used, including but not limited to; discussion forums, online active learning activities, readings from required text, and usage of internet resources.

Students are encouraged to review current periodicals, electronic media, and other available resources as necessary.

Course Participation Policy/Attendance: Basic requirements for this course are that the student will participate in all class meetings and conscientiously complete all required course activities and/or assignments. The student is expected to log into the classroom a minimum of three (3) times per week. The student will actively participate in discussion forums by required deadlines, submit assignments by due dates, and take the final exam as scheduled. Compliance with these expectations provides documentation of ongoing academic engagement. The student must communicate with the instructor if they are unable to attend, participate, or complete an assignment on time.

Grading Procedures: Students must achieve a minimum of a C average to pass this course. The following grading scale will be used for this course:

A 90-100% 447.5-500 points B 80-89% 397.5-447 points C 70-79% 347.5-397 points D 60-69% 297.5-347 points F less than 59% less than 297.5 points

The final grade will be rounded to the next whole number if 0.5 or higher. Course Assessment

Introduction PowerPoint 5 points APA Exercise 5 points Paper (4-5 pages) 200 points Weekly Discussion participation 120 points Group Presentation of a Nursing theory 100 points Final Exam 70 points

500 points Policies: Expectations/Late Work:

Students are expected to complete all assignments according to posted due dates listed in the syllabus, calendar, and/or content homepage. If for any reason a student cannot meet these requirements, he or she must notify the course instructor prior to the due date. Upon prior notification, faculty will determine if points are to be deducted. If faculty determine points are to be deducted or if students do not notify faculty ahead of time, 10% of the total points for the assignment will be deducted for every 24 hours past the due date the assignment is turned in. All assignments, other than discussion postings, will be submitted to Canvas, unless otherwise designated. Please note that emailed assignments will not be accepted.

Examinations

1. Exams are online and must be taken through the Online Classroom. 2. Exams will be comprised of multiple choice questions and may also include essay, short answer, select

all that apply, and true/false questions. Content will be taken from assigned readings prior to the exam.

Exam Due Dates and Times

The exams will be available beginning at 8:00AM on Sunday and ending at 8:00AM on Friday of the designated week. All exams are timed and must be completed once started. Exams must be completed by the due date and time listed on the calendar. Students who are unable to take the exams and have not notified the instructor in advance will receive a grade of zero. Equipment failure or an inability to connect to the internet are not valid reasons to submit exams late. Students should plan ahead and make sure all exams are completed in enough time to compensate for possible glitches that may affect submission of exams. It is a good idea to identify an alternate computer with which you can submit exams.

Exam Content and Grading

Students are expected to incorporate prior learning and experience into this nursing course. Exam questions are developed from the learning objectives which are listed in the learning modules. Content covered on the exams includes assigned readings, discussion topics, and required textbooks. When content presented in the course is more current than textbook content, the instructor will specify this content and the exams will test the more current information. It is the student’s responsibility to read the textbook and clarify if any discrepancies are noted between the textbook, Canvas content, and online presentations prior to the examinations. Please note that exams are not group activities. Each student is expected to complete their own exam. Evidence of cheating on the exams will result in a grade of zero and may result in dismissal from the nursing program.

Academic Integrity Policy: Oklahoma State University is committed to the maintenance of the highest standards of integrity and ethical conduct of its members. This level of ethical behavior and integrity will be maintained in this course. Participating in a behavior that violates academic integrity (e.g., unauthorized collaboration, plagiarism, multiple submissions, cheating on examinations, fabricating information, helping another person cheat, unauthorized advance access to examinations, altering or destroying the work of others, and fraudulently altering academic records) will result in your being sanctioned. Violations may subject you to disciplinary action including the following: receiving a failing grade on an assignment, examination or course, receiving a notation of a violation of academic integrity on your transcript (F!), and being suspended from the University. You have the right to appeal the charge. For a brief overview of the policy, you can watch the video or contact the Office of Academic Affairs, 101 Whitehurst, 405-744-5627, academicintegrity.okstate.edu. Turnitin is a plagiarism detection service used in this program to ensure academic integrity. Writing assignments may be submitted to Turnitin.com upon submission. Students are able to view the originality report before final submission of the paper to the dropbox. Originality scores should be less than 30%.

General Expectations of Students: By enrolling at Oklahoma State University, you accept responsibility for complying with all University policies and contracts, and for local, state, and federal laws on- or off-campus that relate to the University’s mission. The Student Rights and Responsibilities Governing Student Behavior document explains the standards of behavior expected of you, processes in place for enforcing rules, and the University’s response to violations (www.okstate.edu/ucs/srr.html). In general, the University expects you to respect the rights of others and authority, represent yourself truthfully and accurately at all times, respect private and public property, and take responsibility for your own actions and the actions of your guests. Call 405-744-5470 for more information.

For more information and university policies, please refer to the OSU syllabus attachment at https://academicaffairs.okstate.edu/sites/default/files/Spring%202019%20Syllabus%20Attachment.pdf

APA Formatting: Written assignments for this course require APA formatting. The APA prescribes formatting for the cover sheet, headings, body formatting, in-text citations and the reference page. Failure to format written assignments according to APA will result in deduction of points. Remember, the textbook is considered a reference and should be properly cited, if used. Proper APA formatting is based on the most current standards (APA 6th ed.). In lieu of spending extra money on an APA formatting book, the following sites will assist with this task:

- http://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/560/01/ - As Microsoft 2007 or newer is a requirement for this course, this is a link to a tutorial on

how to use Microsoft Word 2007s built in APA formatting functions: http://chiron.valdosta.edu/mawhatley/3600/apaformat2007.pdf

o Please note: This is a useful tool, but is not always 100% accurate. Please review the above resource before final submission.

The faculty realizes that there are variations from one source to another when discussing APA formatting. It is the student’s responsibility to clarify any questions regarding proper citation. A copy of the Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association, 6th Edition is available in the reference section of the Edmon Low Library. As a reminder, the OSU Writing Center provides excellent online assistance at all stages of the writing process. From brainstorming to assistance with APA, the Writing Center provides students the opportunity to review their assignment prior to submission and is highly recommended by the nursing faculty. Online Appointments with writing specialists are available and strongly encouraged.

Students Rights and Responsibilities Governing Student Behavior http://studentconduct.okstate.edu/code Drop and Add Policy https://academicaffairs.okstate.edu/content/adding-dropping-and-withdrawing-courses Syllabus Attachment: http://academicaffairs.okstate.edu/content/resources-faculty-staff

Accessibility & Accommodations: Any student in this course who has a disability that may prevent him or her from fully demonstrating his or her abilities should inform the course faculty member immediately and contact the Office of Student Disability Services at http://sds.okstate.edu/ as soon as possible. The faculty member will work with the student and the Office of Student Disability Services to provide reasonable accommodations to ensure fair opportunities are made available within this course. It is your responsibility to notify the University if you have a disability. Please review additional information regarding OSU Student Disability Services at: http://sds.okstate.edu

Communicating with the Faculty: The following tips will facilitate effective communication:

• Check the Canvas course site for News announcements every time you log in to the Online College. You will be able to access all announcements until the end of the course. Be sure to click the “Show All” button to avoid missing any announcements.

• Post your question to the Canvas Discussion Forum if you do not need an immediate answer; besides that, your classmates may know the answer.

• It is not uncommon for student email messages to show up in our “Junk Mail” folder. The following strategies will help to assure that we see your mail:

o Please use your OSU email. o Include a specific subject in the subject line of original and return messages. o Check for e-mail messages at least three times a week. Faculty will attempt to reply to e-mail

messages within 24-48 hours. o Faculty are not on campus on evenings and weekends. Therefore, we may not check messages

until the next business day.

Course Schedule NURS 3013: Theoretical and Conceptual Foundations of Nursing Week/Topic Readings Assignment/Activities

(1) 01/13/20 Welcome, Introduction, and Nursing Theories

1. Alligood, Ch. 1-4

Introduction PowerPoint (5points-due Saturday, week 1, 01/18/20): see syllabus for specifics. Discussion board opens every Monday morning. Submit your initial post by Thursday each week, check original post for questions/clarifications, and respond to at least two of your peers by the following Sunday. Week One Discussion: • Why do we need/ not need nursing theorists? Provide your

rationale. • Your previous nursing program would have identified itself

with a particular nursing Model/Framework/Theory? Describe that philosophy, framework or theory and post a journal article, research, etc. discussing that concept.

Respond to 2 students’ posts with substantive responses. Begin Orientation Quiz (5 bonus points) due by 01/25/20 Begin APA Exercise (5 points) due 01/25/20:

See assignment specifics in syllabus. Begin Paper Part I (80 points) due 2/01/20:

See posted guidelines in syllabus. (2) 01/20/20 Introduction of the OSU Wellness Strategy Model Nursing Philosophies: • Florence Nightingale • Jean Watson • Patricia Benner

OSU Wellness Strategy Model Healthy Campus 2020 https://americashealthiestcampus.okstate.edu/wellness-model Alligood, Ch. 5-7

Week Two Discussion: • Describe the OSU Wellness Strategy Model and discuss how or

if this model could be integrated into nursing theory and practice?

• Do the Philosophies of Nightingale, Watson, and Benner have a focus on health promotion? Explain.

• Describe if and how you have observed Watson’s caritas implemented in day to day practice.

Respond to 2 students’ posts with substantive responses. APA Exercise Due 01/25/20

(3) 01/21/20 Nursing Models: • Dorothy Johnson

Alligood, Ch. 8-11

Week Three Discussion:

• Imogene King • Myra Levine • Betty Neuman

• Reflecting on the Nursing Models of Johnson, King, Levine and Neuman, where does the OSU Wellness Strategy Model and their models intersect? Support your answer with rationale.

Respond to 2 students’ posts with substantive responses Part I of Paper Due 02/01/20 Groups should choose Grand Nursing Theory and post to discussion board by Sat 02/08/20

(4) 02/03/20 Nursing Models: • Dorothy Orem • Martha Rogers • Sr. Callista Roy

Alligood, Ch. 11-14

Week Four Discussion: • You are teaching a group of post-operative coronary artery

bypass graft patients about modification of lifestyle choices. Apply Orem’s Theory to this teaching situation.

• Reflect on your readings of Roy, Orem and Rogers’ Theory. What stands out as the most practical points? What stands out as the most confusing points?

Respond to 2 students’ posts with substantive responses. Begin group work on “Presentation of Grand Nursing Theory” (100 points). See posted guidelines in syllabus.

(5) 02/10/20 Nursing Theories: • Orlando • Helen Erickson • Ramona Mercer

Alligood, Ch. 15-17

Week Five Discussion: • What do you think about Orlando’s nursing process theory as

a framework for practice? • Do you see overlap between Mercer’s theory and Erickson’s

theory? If so, what are the similarities and/or differences? Respond to 2 students’ posts with substantive responses. Continue working on Paper • Reminder to schedule appointment with the Writing Center

(6) 02/17/20 Nursing Theories: • Madeline Leininger • Rosemarie Parse • Margaret Newman Ethical Decisions and Nursing Models

Alligood, Ch. 18-20

Week Six Discussion: • Examine the tenets of Leininger’s Theory. Describe how the

nurse integrates caring and culturally congruent and competent care into practice

• How has Newman’s theory of expanded consciousness changed over time?

• What do you think about the three processes for practice developed by Parse—illuminating meaning, synchronizing rhythms, and mobilizing transcendence?

Respond to 2 students’ posts with substantive responses. Completed Paper (parts 1 & 2) due 02/22/20

(7) 02/24/20 ANA’s Social Policy Nursing’s Philosophies, Models, and Theories

ANA’s Social Policy Statement (2010) nursingworld.org/social-policy-statement Alligood Ch. 22

Week Seven Discussion: • Examine the ANA’s Social Policy Statement (2010) and identify

the moral obligation nurses have to be aware of the framework that is guiding their practice, research, or teaching.

• Throughout this course, you have been asked to look at a wide variety of Philosophies, Models, and Theories and how they intersect with nursing practice. If you had the responsibility of choosing a model, philosophy or theory for your nursing practice, which would you choose and why?

Respond to 2 students’ posts with substantive responses.

Group Presentations- post by Midnight Saturday of week 7 02/29/20

(8) 03/02/20 Grand Theories Peer Review of Final Projects

Final Exam (Opens Sunday at 8:00 and closes Friday at 8:00 Week Eight Discussion: Provide feedback for the course in the discussion board for week

The course faculty reserves the right to alter the syllabus and/or course schedule as needed.

Guidelines for Weekly Discussion Posts Discussion forums are designed to help create a sense of community and to broaden your knowledge of the topic. This should help you better understand the information presented. Each week, discussion questions are posted to the Weekly Discussion Forums.

1. Participation in course discussions is a major aspect of this course. For each topic presented during a particular week, you are expected to post a referenced response with citation (i.e., your post should cite the book or another resource) to the initial post by Thursday at 11:30 p.m. The full reference for the citation must be provided at the end of the post, using APA format.

2. By Sunday, you should have replied with a substantive response to two of your classmates’ posts. You are encouraged to exceed this minimum expectation. The discussion week ends on Sundays at 11:30 p.m. Any posts made to the weekly discussion after this time will not count toward your weekly point total. Weekly discussion is the opportunity for the class to discuss the topics each week. Therefore, there are no opportunities for you to make up a week of discussion if you miss one.

3. Submit substantive posts when answering discussion questions. Substantive means that you must take time in formulating your response, organizing your own thoughts and incorporating the reading materials (you should be citing parts of the book and/or other reading materials in your posts). You must demonstrate evidence of critical thinking and encourage further discussion of the topics among your classmates.

4. Your posts should be comparable to the kinds of comments you would make in a face-to-face course. A three-page essay will not lend to quality discussion. On the other hand, neither will only saying, “I agree!” Please consider this when you post. The quality of the online discussion is contingent on the quality (not length) of the posts in the discussion.

5. The discussion requirements in this class are not negotiable. It is your responsibility to meet the requirements as they are. There are 8 weeks of discussion questions worth 15 points each and 120 total points for the course.

6. There will be no flaming, cursing, demeaning, or any other unprofessional behavior in the discussion forums. This applies whether you are talking about your ex-spouse, your neighbor, your classmates, or your faculty. For more information about netiquette, please visit https://www.education.com/reference/article/netiquette-rules-behavior-internet/

7. Correct grammar, punctuation, spelling, etc. are not graded in these posts, but is expected. You are entering a field where you need to both speak and write well to be successful. Paying attention to these things, even in a relatively informal chat setting, helps to enhance those skills.

8. The instructor may add to course discussions. This will typically be to redirect the discussion or to ask for further information related to a posting.

Grading Rubric for Weekly Posting = 15 points per week Excellent

5 pts Average

4 pts Needs Improvement

3 pts Unacceptable

0 pts

Content • Content is complete, accurate, and offers new ideas.

• The discussion is well supported with details that explain the participant's conclusions.

• Posts include citation of resource material and references are included.

• Content encourages further discussion on thought or topic.

• Content provides clear evidence of critical thinking, originality, and relevance to the topic.

• Revisits original post; by close of discussion, all questions have been answered thoroughly.

• Content is complete and accurate, but lacking in new ideas.

• There may be one area an opinion is presented without supporting facts or references.

• Resources are cited. • Content generally doesn't

invite further discussion or investigation.

• Critical thinking is evident, but posts may not directly address the issue.

• Revisits original post; by close of discussion, some questions have been answered thoroughly.

• Ideas were incomplete or had inaccuracies.

• There are two or more opinions presented without supporting facts.

• Resources are not cited.

• Content fails to stimulate further discussion.

• Content offers come critical thinking but addresses peripheral issues.

• Does not revisit original post; questions left unanswered

• Post was not relevant to the discussion topic.

• Failed to follow Netiquette.

• Post lacks evidence of critical thinking and addresses unrelated issues.

Responses • At least 2 responses, to different student’s posts, are posted per discussion topic.

• Responses are substantive in depth and length and add information or new ideas to the post.

• At least 2 responses are posted per discussion topic.

• Responses are not substantive in depth and length.

• Responds to at least 1 other student’s post.

• Response fails to add information or new ideas to the post.

• Failed to respond to other student’s posts.

Timeliness • Post are on or before the due date.

• Post is less than 24 hours late.

• Posts are more than 24 hours late or 2nd occurrence in this course of late posting.

Introduction PowerPoint must meet the following requirements: • Your full name somewhere on the first slide • Six pictures that represent who you are (e.g. personal life, family, career, hobbies, background, etc.),

each with a brief caption or other accompanying informational text. • One paragraph explaining why you are enrolled in the BSN program and what you hope to get out of the

class • Must be exactly three slides (two for pictures, one for the program statement)

Introduction PowerPoint Grading Rubric: Excellent (5 points)

Average (3 points)

Needs Improvement (2 points)

No Credit (0 points)

Contains exactly three slides and six images, all with captions or other informational text. First two slides contain the author's name and pictures and the third slide contains a statement about why the author is enrolled in the program. Shows signs of effort and creativity overall.

Contains fewer, or more, than three slides and six images. Images have some text, but might be confusing or unhelpful. Pictures and enrollment statement are disorganized and not where they should be. Enrollment statement is present, but brief. Shows some sign of effort and creativity overall.

Contains a vastly inappropriate number of slides and images. Captions or text is missing from many of the images. Organization is sloppy, and enrollment statement is short, confusing, or poorly worded. Shows little sign of effort and creativity overall.

Student fails to turn in the assignment.

APA Exercise: Utilize the following digital identifier to obtain an article regarding ANA’s social justice statement: DOI: 10.1111/phn.12327 (hint: google the doi, it will take you to the article). The doi will provide information regarding the article, which will be discussed later in the course. Do not purchase the article as it can be obtained FREE through the library’s website. Assignment:

1. Using APA format, create a title page for the APA Assignment complete with a running header and bibliography page with the referenced article in correct APA format. This assignment is worth 10 points. APA Grading Rubric:

Points 5 4 3 2 1 Title Page with formatting: - Running Head - Pagination - Identification - University - Date Reference page with formatting of citations

Lists all information correctly as specified by APA guidelines

Lists most information correctly, missing one key factor

Lists some information correctly, missing two key factors

Lists some information correctly, missing three key factors

Lists few parts correctly, missing four key factors

Guidelines for the Paper Students will complete a paper (4-5 typed pages not including title or references) for this course. • The paper will focus on a nursing philosophy, model, or theory which reflects your approach to nursing care. • The paper must include references to a minimum of 4 peer reviewed, professional journal articles. • The paper will consist of the following parts: introduction, review of the literature, application of theory,

conclusion, and references. • The paper will be submitted in two parts; the first part will include the introduction, review of literature, and

partial reference page and second part will include corrections to the first sections along with theory application, conclusion, and updated references.

• A requirement of this assignment is an appointment with the writing center. You must at least have a draft of your paper; the more that you have completed, the more feedback you will receive. Plan accordingly.

• The paper is worth a total of 200 points. APA format with citations will be graded. Use Times New Roman 12 font with one inch margins. An abstract is not required.

Part I Exceptional Average Needs Improvement Unacceptable

Title Page 10-8 points 7-5 points 4-1 points 0 points

Contains all aspects including running head, title, name, and date with correct margins

Contains most aspects; missing 1-2 key aspects

Contains only 1-2 key aspects

Introduction 30-21 points 20-11 points 10-1 points 0 points

Thoroughly introduces theoretic framework

Somewhat introduces topic.

Topic is unclear Framework not identified

Review of Literature (ROL) 30-21 points 20-11 points 10-1 points 0 points

ROL includes at least four professional journals to describe the framework

Thorough discussion/ critique of the framework including potential issues

ROL included three professional journals; discussion somewhat clear regarding the framework

ROL included two journals &/or framework discussion unclear

ROL lacking in content and critical thinking

APA/Grammar 10-8 points 7-5 points 4-1 points 0 points

*References correctly cited per APA throughout the paper and in bib *Correct grammar use with <2 errors

*Paper of the designated length

References mostly correct with only 3-4 errors per APA throughout the paper Only 3-4 grammar errors

References with 5-6 APA error Has 5-6 grammatical errors

References with 7 or more APA errors Has 7 or more grammatical errors

Part II Exceptional Average Needs Improvement Unacceptable

Corrections to Part I 20-16 points 15-11 points 10-1 points 0 points

All corrections made to part I Most corrections made Few corrections made

No corrections made; no changes from original submission

Application of Framework 35-26 points 25-16 points 15-1 points 0 points

Provides a clear synopsis of the framework

Provides a somewhat clear synopsis of the framework

Synopsis of the framework unclear

No general consensus provided

Thoughts/Conclusions 35-26 points 25-16 points 15-1 points 0 points

Provides a clear conclusion

Provides a somewhat clear conclusion

Conclusion unclear

No conclusion

APA/Grammar 20-16 points 15-11 points 10-1 points 10 points

*References correctly cited per APA throughout the paper and in bib *Correct grammar use with <2 errors *Paper of the designated length

References mostly correct with only 3-4 errors per APA throughout the paper Only 3-4 grammar errors

References with 5-6 APA error

Has 5-6 grammatical errors

References with 7 or more APA errors

Has 7 or more grammatical errors

Writing Center 10 points 0 points

At least one consultation with the Writing Center

No consultation

Guidelines for Final Group Project: Grand Nursing Theories

1. Students will work in groups to develop an evidenced based presentation on a “Grand Nursing Theory.” Theories at this level are intended to be pertinent to all aspects of nursing practice. Grand theories consist of conceptual frameworks defining broad perspectives for practice and ways of looking at nursing phenomena based on these perspectives. Not all theorists have developed “Grand” theories so the group will need to research this category and choose appropriately.

2. The group will develop a PowerPoint or similar online presentation format to present their findings to the class.

3. Students will use a variety of original references, including books by the theorist, journal articles, research articles, interviews, and websites. Citations must be in APA format and identified throughout the PowerPoint presentation and listed on a slide at the end of the presentation. The presentation needs to include the following according to the grading rubric below: (100 points possible).

PowerPoint Grading Rubric:

Criterion Pts Earned Identification and why this theory was chosen 10 Appropriateness of theory chosen for analysis 10 Description of the nursing theorist and the nursing theory 20 Graphic representation 5 Analysis of how the theory has been applied to practice 20 How frequently is it used in practice today? Provide example. 5 Presentation of key points 10 Summary and Conclusion 10 Creativity and organization 10 Total Points = 100