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NURS 171 Respiratory System: Pneumonia. Darlene LoPresto, Graduate Student FSU. Pathophysiology. Bacterial or viral Infection/Inflammation Exudate Lobar or diffuse Streptococcus Klebsiella. Etiology. Incompetent distal airway defense mechanisms. Prevention. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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NURS 171RESPIRATORY SYSTEM:
PNEUMONIADarlene LoPresto, Graduate Student FSU
Pathophysiology
Bacterial or viral Infection/Inflammation Exudate Lobar or diffuse Streptococcus Klebsiella
Etiology
Incompetent distal
airway defense mechanisms
Prevention
Pneumococcal vaccine Avoid smoking Avoid allergens, indoor pollutant
exposure
Symptoms
Nausea/vomiting/diarrhea Dyspnea Productive cough Pleuritic pain Confusion
Diagnosis & Complications
Multi drug resistance Allergic reaction Food/drug interaction
Medical Management
Limited activity Antipyretics Analgesics Oxygen therapy I.S. Bronchodilators
Increase fluid intake
Antibiotic therapy Rest Modify r/t patient
response
Pneumonia Review Question
What is one of the most common bacterial organisms that cause pneumonia?
a) Staph Aureus b) Streptococcus c) Both a & b d) All of the above
Pneumonia Review Question
Symptoms of pneumonia include all of the following except:
a) Productive cough b) Dyspnea c) Hemoptysis d) Pleuritic pain
Pneumonia Review Question
Nursing Interventions for the pneumonia patient include all of the following except:
a) Blood culture interpretation b) Incentive spirometry c) Increase fluid intake d) None of the above
Nurse Diagnosis: Case Study
Bronchiectasis
Supportive Educative Nursing 171Darlene LoPresto, BSN, RN,C
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zMKaJEgmTT4
Inflammation
Airway damage
Remodeling
Continuing cycle d/t Infection
Symptoms
Persistent/recurrent cough Dyspnea Crackles Pleuritic chest pain Hemoptysis Purulent sputum
Medical Management
Dx: HRCT Sputum cultures Tx: Treat acute flare-ups Maintain lung function Antibiotics Bronchodilators Mucolytic agents Anti-inflammatory agents
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JmRt9rFmVu4&feature=related
Nursing Diagnosis
• Ineffective airway clearance r/t increased secretions
-Chest physiotherapy & Postural drainage -No smoking -Vaccinations -Good oral hygiene -Infection control
Supportive Educative Nursing 171 Lung CancerD.LoPresto, BSN, RN,C
Types Primary Lung Cancer
Small cell Adenocarcinoma Squamous Large cell neoplasm
Lung Cancer Etiology: Smoking
Incidence of Lung Cancer
Leading cause of Cancer deaths 28% of all cancer deaths 172,570 new cases annually 58% death rate men African Americans Hispanics 5 year survival rate 15%
Risk Assessment
Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center Lung cancer prediction tool
www.mskcc.org/PredictionTools/LungCancer
Which are Symptoms of lung cancer?
Select all that apply:1) Persistent cough2) Hemoptysis3) Bradypnea4) Hematemesis5) Anorexia
Patient Symptoms Nonspecific Occur late in
disease Type of cancer &
location Dyspnea Persistent cough Persistent
pneumonitis
Hemoptysis Ausculatory
wheeze Weight loss Fever
Diagnosis
10% with routine CXR PET scan CT scan Bone scan Lung biopsy 20-30% (+) sputum cytology
Ectopic hormone syndromes
ACTH ADH PTH
Prevention
Smoking cessation Screening CXR Sputum cytology The U.S. Preventive Service Task
Force The American College of Chest
Physicians
Collaborative Care
Surgical Treatment -resection Radiation Chemotherapy Targeted Therapy
Nursing Diagnosis: Group Activity