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Maslow &

Erikson

Professor BorovskisNUR101

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OBJECTIVE LECTURE CONTENT LEARNING ACTIVITIES

Upon completion of this unit the student will: 1. Describe assessment techniques for identifying unmet needs of individuals. 2. Describe the relationship of Maslow's Hierarchy to nursing practice. 3. Identify nursing diagnoses appropriate for unmet client needs. 4. Discuss the use of Maslow's Hierarchy in setting priorities for nursing care. 5. Identify factors which influence client's ability to meet needs throughout the life cycle. 6. Identify outcome criteria for evaluating client's response to interventions. 7. Identify the components of a family health assessment. 8. Identify common risk factors regarding family health. 9. Develop nursing diagnoses related to family functioning.10. Describe characteristics of a healthy community.11. Identify major components of the community care and community subsystem.12. Describe areas of Community Health Practice.

II. Basic Needs A. Individual- Maslow's Hierarchy

of Human Needs 1. Physiological 2. Safety and Security 3. Love and Belonging 4. Esteem and self-esteem 5. Self-Actualization 6. Factors affecting Basic Needs a. Self Concept b. Illness c. Developmental levels d. Significant relationships 7. Nursing Application of Basic

Needs Theory a. Patient Assessment b. Nursing Diagnoses c. Nursing Interventions d. Expected Outcomes B. Care in Families 1. Concept of the Family 2. Definition 3. Family forms 4. Current trends and new family

a. changing economic status

b. Homelessness C. Community Health 1. Definition of a community 2. Community Health Nursing 3. Assessing Community Health

ASSIGNED READINGSTaylor, Fundamentals of Nursing, Chapter 2. CLINICAL LABORATORY Identify client's unmet needs. Develop a plan of care to assist a Client in meeting needs. Develop skills in taking vital signs to identify deficits in physiological needs.

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OBJECTIVE LECTURE CONTENT LEARNING ACTIVITIES

Upon completion of this unit the student will: 1. Identify developmental tasks of clients throughout the lifespan. 2. Utilize Erikson's Stages of Development when performing a psychosocial assessment. 3. Utilize Erikson's stages of development to determine appropriate nursing interventions. 4. Identify indicators of negative resolution of Erikson's Stages in the clinical setting.

III. Erikson's Theory of Growth and Development A. Eight Stages of Development B. Nursing implications 1. Assessments 2. Interventions 3. Evaluations

ASSIGNED READINGSTaylor, Fundamentals of Nursing, Chapter 18, pages 391-395, 399-400.Chapter 19, pages 410-416, 423-425,

428-441.Chapter 20, pages 446-465. CLINICAL LABORATORY Assess achievement of developmental tasks of assigned clients. Use "Data Collection Form" to Document developmental level of assigned clients.Handouts: “The Eight Stages in the Life Cycle of

Man”

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Basic Human Needs: Maslow’s Heirarchy

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Characteristics of Basic Human Needs

– People meet personal needs according personal priorities

– Some needs may be deferred– Failure to meet needs will result in homeostatic

imbalance (illness) – One becomes aware of a need by external or

internal stimuli – A person who perceives a need may respond in

several ways– Needs are inter-related

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Physiologic Needs

• Oxygen• Water• Food• Temperature

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Physiologic Needs

• Elimination• Shelter• Physical activity• Rest

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Safety & Security Needs

• Physical safety• Emotional safety

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Love & Belonging Needs

• Giving and receiving affection

• Maintaining a feeling of belonging

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Self Esteem Needs

• Self• Others

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Self Actualization Needs

• Reaching one’s full potential

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Factors Affecting Basic Needs

• Self Concept• Illness• Developmental levels• Significant relationships

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Nursing Application of Basic Needs Theory

a. Patient Assessmentb. Nursing Diagnosesc. Nursing Interventionsd. Expected Outcomes

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Care in Families

• Concept of the Family• Definition• Family forms• Current trends and new family

• changing economic status• Homelessness

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Community Health

• Definition of a community• Community Health Nursing• Assessing Community Health

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Erikson's Theory ofGrowth and Development

• Infancy Trust vs Mistrust• Toddlerhood Autonomy vs Shame• Preschool Initiative vs Guilt• School age Industry vs Inferiority• Adolescence Identity vs Role Confusion • Young Adult Intimacy vs Isolation• Middle Adult Generativity vs Stagnation• Older Adult Integrity vs Despair

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InfancyTrust vs. Mistrust

– Developmental progress determined by the quality of parenting

– Important to meet basic physical needs warmth, comfort, food and love

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Toddler: Autonomy vs. Shame

–Striving for independence “Me do it”–Strong wills; negative behaviors

• Acting out • Temper tantrums

–Attached to parents–Solitary / parallel play

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Preschool: Initiative vs. Guilt

• Actively seeks out new experiences• Asks how and why• Asserts power and control over the world

through directing play and other social interaction

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School Age: Industry vs. Inferiority

–Psychosocial development in many areas

–Self-concept–Fears –Coping patterns

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Adolescence: Identity vs. Role Confusion

• Striving for emotional independence from parents

• Identity – – Sexual– Group – Family– Vocational– Moral– Health

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Young Adult: Intimacy vs. Isolation

–Career–Single / Married–Social

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Middle Age: Generativity vs.Stagnation

–Children Leaving Home–Career Changes –Adapting to Physical Changes–“Sandwich” Generation

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Older Adult: Integrity vs. Despair– See oneself as an aging individual– Adjusting to decreased physical

abilities – Adjusting to retirement – Redefining relationships with adult

children– Finding ways to maintain quality of life

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Nursing Implications

1. Assessments 2. Interventions 3. Evaluations

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References

Kozier, B., Erb, G., Berman, A., & Snyder, S. J. (2004). Fundamentals of nursing: Concepts, process, & practice (7th ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson education, Inc.

Taylor, C., Lillis, C., Lemone, P., & Lynn, P. (2008). Fundamentals of Nursing. Philadelphia, PA: Lippincott Williams, & Wilkins.