Nunc Agenda: Turn to page 315 in your textbook and complete the map skills questions.

Quaestio: How did the position of the Muslim ruler change over time?

Birth of IslamMuhammad, born in Mecca 570

CE, became Prophet at 40, preached Islam, faith in One God.

Meccan polytheists persecuted Muslim so they made a journey (“hijra”) to Medina

War broke out between Muslims and Meccans, Muslims won, retook Mecca, forgave the people, and destroyed the idol gods in the Kaaba.

632 CE

Expansion Under the “Rightly Guided

Caliphs”632 CE - Muhammad diesAbu Bakr

close friend and father-in-law of Muhammad

chosen as 1st Caliph (successor) United all Arab tribes under Islam

Two Major Powers, Byzantine (Eastern Roman) Empire and Persian Empire

Arab unity allows first four Caliphs to conquer Persia and much of the Byzantine Empire

1 s t Four Caliphs

1. Abu Bakr2. Omar

3. Uthman4. Ali

632 CE

632-661 CE

Division Among Muslims

Shias (Shiat Ali = Supporters of Ali)Minority group who believed only the Prophet’s

family should leadWanted Ali (Muhammad’s cousin and son-in-

law) to be the CaliphBegan as political divide but became religious

divide over timeSunnis

Majority of MuslimsName means followers of “Sunnah” (example

of Muhammad)

Umayyad Dynasty

The 3rd Caliph Uthman assassinated; his tribe (the Umayyads) in conflict with the 4th Caliph Ali

661 CE- Ali killed in battle, Umayyads take power, moved capital to Damascus in Syria, extended Arab rule from Spain to India

Reasons for Success: Byzantines & Persians weak from fighting each

other Strong army united by religious faith

661-720 CE

Abbasid TakeoverUmayyad Problems:

Arabs given more rights than non-Arabs More non-Arabs converting to Islam, want equality Caliph criticized for luxurious lifestyle

750 - Abu Al Abbas captures Damascus with support of Shia and Non-Arab Muslims, formed Abbasid Dynasty, moved capital to Baghdad in Iraq Equality for non-Arabs Ends military conquests Persian influence helped

strengthen bureaucracy

1. Complete the Spread of Islam DBQ worksheet

Pensa

Read and annotate the document and complete the chart on the back

Duties of the Caliph

1. Complete the Spread of Islam DBQ worksheet 2. Complete classwork if not finished during

class

Pensa