NUMERICAL TECHNIQUES FOR ENGINEERING

ANALYSIS AND DESIGN

NUMERICAL TECHNIQUES FOR ENGINEERING

ANALYSIS AND DESIGN

Proceedings of the International Conference on Numerical Methods in Engineering: Theory and Applications, NUMET A '87. Swansea, 6-10 July 1987.

VOLUME I

Edited by

G.N. PANDE & J. MIDDLETON University College of Swansea

1987 MARTINUS NllHOFF PUBLISHERS a member of the KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBLISHERS GROUP DORDRECHT /BOSTON/LANCASTER

Distributors

for the United States and Canada: Kluwer Academic Publishers, 101 Philip Drive, Assinippi Park, Norwell, MA 02061, USA. for the UK and Ireland: Kluwer Academic Publishers, MTP Press Limited, Falcon House, Queen Square, Lancaster LAl lRN, UK. for all other countries: Kluwer Academic Publishers Group, Distribution Center, P.O. Box 322, 3300 AH Dordrecht, The Netherlands

Lib:rnry of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data

ISBN-13:978-94-010-8134·4 DOl: 10.1007/978-94-009-3653-9

Copyright

e-ISBN-13:978-94-009-3653-9

© 1987 by Martinus Nijhoff Publishers, Dordrecht. Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 1987

All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior permission of the publishers. Martinus Nijhoff Publishers, P.O. Box 163, 3300 AD Dordrecht, The Netherlands.

Proceedings of the NUMETA '87 Conference/Swansea/6-10 July 1987

PREFACE

Numerical methods and related computer based algorithms form the logical solution for. many complex problems encountered in science and engineering. Although numerical techniques are now well established, they have continued to expand and diversify, particularly in the fields of engineering analysis and design. Various engineering departments in the University College of Swansea, in particular, Civil, Chemical, Electrical and Computer Science, have groups working in these areas. It is from this mutual interest that the NUMETA conference series was conceived with the main objective of providing a link between engineers developing new numerical techniques and those applying them in practice. Encouraged by the success of NUMETA '85, the second conference, NUMETA '87, was held at Swansea, 6-10 July 1987.

Over two hundred and twenty abstracts were submitted for consideration together with a number of invited papers from experts in the field of numerical methods. The final selection of contributed and invited papers were of a high quality and have culminated in the two volumes which form these proceedings. This volume contains papers on the themes of 'Numerical Techniques for Engineering Analysis and Design' and 'Developments in Engineering Software'. Many new developments on a wide variety of topics have been reported and these proceedings contain a wealth of information and references which we believe will be of great interest to theoreticians and practising engineers alike.

We are extremely grateful to all members of the Organising Committee and the Technical Advisory Panel (see p.vi) for their help and assistance in making the conference a success.

G.N. Pande J. Middleton (Editors)

May, 1987

NUMETA '81

CONFERENCE CO-ORDJNATORS

O.C. Zienkiewicz (Chairman); G.N. Pande, J. Middleton

ORGANISING COMMTIT.EE

R.F. Allen N. Bicanic K. Board E. Hinton R.W. Lewis A.R. Luxmoore K. Morgan D.J. Naylor

TECHNICAL ADVISORY PANEL

J.H. Argyris S. Atluri I. Babuska J. Blaauwendraad K.J. Bathe Z.P. Bazant T. Belytschko P.G. Bergan G.F. Carey J.L. Chenot M.A. Crisfield M. Crochet F. Darve C.S. Desai J. Donea H.R.Evans C.A. Felippa R.H. Gallagher M. Geradin J. Ghaboussi G.L. Goudreau J.O. Hallquist

West Germany USA USA Netherlands USA USA USA Norway USA France UK Belgium France USA Italy UK USA USA Belgium USA USA USA

(vi)

J. Peraire J. Pittman K.G. Stagg C. Taylor P. Townsend D.R.J. Owen R.D. Wood

M.F. Kanninen T. Kawai A.R. Mitchell J.T. Oden R. Ohayon M.D. Olson K.C. Park P.L. Roe A. Samuelsson S.F. Shen J.C. Simo I. Smith E. Stein G. Strang R.L. Taylor C.W. Trowbridge G.N. Vanderplaats S. Valliappan G.B. Warburton K. Willam W. Wunderlich·

VSA Japan UK USA France Canada USA UK Sweden USA USA UK West Germany USA USA UK USA Australia UK USA Germany

CONTENTS

Preface (v)

SECTION D - ENGINEERING ANALYSIS AND DESIGN

Dl Coupling of Fluid Film Lubrication and Plastic Deformation: Finite Element Approach of Plastohydrodynamics in Cold Forging P. Montmitonnet, J.L. Chenot, Ecole des Mines de Paris, Centre de Mise en Forme, Valbonne Cedex, France

D2 Rigid and Flexible Mechanisms; A Finite Element Approach based on the Conformal Rotation Vector M. Geradin and A. Cardona, L.T.A.S., Dynamique des Constructions Mecaniques, Universite de Liege, Belgium

D3 An Analysis of Dynamic Crack Propagation in a Rail Web with Longitudinal Residual Stresses M.F. Kanninen, Southwest Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, U.S.A.

D4 Finite Element Analysis and Algorithms for Large Elastic Strains E. Stein and N. Mueller-Hoeppe, Universitaet Hannover, Hannover, F.R.G.

D5 A Consistent Finite Element Formulation of Nonlinear Frictional Contact Problems Jiann-Wen Ju, Robert L. Taylor and Louis Y. Cheng, Dept of Civil Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, U.S.A.

D6 A Linearization Method for Multilevel Opt imization Michael Beers, Douglas Aircraft Co., Long Beach, California Garrett N. Vanderplaats, University of California, Santa Barbara

D7 Harbor - A Program for Horizontal Load Analysis of Marine Structures Stanko Brcic, Civil Engineering Faculty, Beograd, Yugoslavia

D8 Shape Identification of a Free Surface with a Uniform Potential and Flux R.A. Meric, Research Institute for Basic Sciences, Gebze, Kocaeli, Turkey

D9 A CO Elastoplastic Shell Element Based on Assumed Covariant Strain Interpolations Peter M. Pinsky and Junho Jang, Department of Civil Engng, Stanford University, California, U.S.A.

DlO Capturing Thermal-Stress Waves via Special Purpose Hybrid Transfinite Elements and Unified Computational Formulations Kumar K. Tamma and Sudhir B. Railkar, Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, West Virginia University, Morgantown, U.S.A.

DII The Determination of Optimal Properties of a Layered Pavement Structure D.F.E. Stolle and A.N. EI-Bahrawy, Dept of Civil Engineering and Engineering Mechanics, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada

Dl2 A Finite Element Method for a Numerical Analysis of the Deep­Drawing Process M. Brunet, Laboratoire de Mecanique des Solides, Villeurbanne Cedex, France

Dl3 Theory of Degenerated Curved Shell and Locking in Shell Finite Elements Hou-Cheng Huang, University College of Swansea, U.K.

Dl4 Convergence of Hierarchical Finite Elements Jiirgen Bellmann, Fachgebiet Elektronisches Rechnen im konstruktiven Ingenieurbau, Technische Universitiit Miinchen, West Germany

Dl5 Numerical Methods for Three Dimensional Analysis of Buildings Alvaro Vale e Azevedo, LNEC - National Laboratory for Civil Engineering, Lisbon, Portugal

Dl6 Matrix Mechanics to Classify Non-Linear Continua J.D. Coleman, Fluid Mechanics Division, Dept of Civil Engineering, The City University, London

DI7 A Mixed Eulerian-Lagrangian Contact Element to Describe Boundary and Interface Behaviour in Forming Processes J. Huetink, J. van der Lugt, University of Twente, The Netherlands J.R. Miedema, Hoogovens Ilmuiden B.v., The Netherlands

DI8 Advances in Aeroelasticity D. Sepahy, British Aerospace PLC, Air Weapons Division, Hatfield, England

Dl9 Cylindrical Concrete Water Tanks: Analysis and Design V. Thevendran and D.P. Thambiratnam, Department of Civil Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore

D20 A Complete Procedure for the Adjustment of a Finite Element Model from the Identified Complex Eigenmodes Q. Zhang, G. Lallement, R. Fillod, J. Piranda, Laboratory of Applied Mechanics, University of Franche-Comte, Besancon, France

D21 A General Formula of the Curved Shell Elements and Adaptive Mesh Method in the Nonconservative Finite Deformation Analysis Y.T. Zhang, H.Y. Yang and J.Y. Zhang, Dept of Mechanics, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China

D22 On Exact and Hierarchical Finite Elements for Frame Structures Ragnar Larsson and Nils-Erik Wiberg, Dept of Struc. Mech., Chalmers Univ. of Techn., Gothenburg, Sweden

D23 Statically and Kinematically Admissible Finite Element Formul­ations for Elastic-Plastic Plate Analysis J.P. Moitinho de Almeida and J.A. Teixeira de Freitas, Departamento de Engenharia Civil, Instituto Superior Tecnico, Lisboa, Portugal

D24 Turbulence Modelling and the Effects of Directional Random Waves in Computations of Nearshore Circulation K. Anastasiou, P. Dong and D.J. Walker, Department of Civil Engineering, Imperial College of Science and Technology, London, U.K.

D25 Analysis of Gravity Dam on Soft Foundation V. Gocevski, Hatch and Associates, Montreal, Canada O.A. Pekau, Concordia University, Montreal, Canada

D26 A Finite Element Model for Viscoelastic Foundations Supporting Plate Structures Joseph J. Rencis, Kwo-Yih Jong and Sunil Saigal, Center for Computer-Aided Engineering, Mechanical Engineering Department, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Worcester, Massachusetts, U.S.A.

D27 Computer Aided Simulation of Tooth Contact Analysis for Helical Gears with Involute Shape Teeth C.B. Tsay, Dept of Mechanical Engineering, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan, R.O.C.

D28 Stress and Velocity Fields at Discharging of Silos J. Eibl and G. Rombach, University of Karlsruhe, IfMB, Karlsruhe, Germany

D29 The Convergence Properties of a Series of R-Functions for Simple Polygonal Shapes D.V. Altiparmakov, The Boris Kidric Institute of Nuclear Sciences, Belgrade, Yugoslavia M.S. Milgram, Atomic Energy of Canada Ltd, Chalk River Nuclear Laboratories, Ontario, Canada

D30 Creation of Ship Body Form with Minimum Theoretical Resistance using Finite Element Method Jan P. Michalski, Antti Pramila, Simo Virtanen, Tempere Univ. of Technology, Finland

D31 Transition Plate Bending Elements with Variable Nodes Chang-Koon Choi and Yong-Myung Park, Dept of Civil Engng., Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, Korea

D32 A Simple Adaptive Scheme Based on a New Hybrid FE Model J. Jirousek, IREM - Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, Lausanne, Switzerland

D33 Two-Dimensional Solidification Analysis for Twin-Roll Continuous Casting e.G. Kang, H. Hojo, T. Saitoh and H. Yaguchi, Dept of Mechanical Engineering ll, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan

D34 Variational Formulation by Integral Equations for the Sound Radiation in a Non Uniform Flow M. Ben Tahar and M.A. Hamdi, Division Acoustique et Vibrations Industrielles, Universite de Compiegne, Compiegne Cedex, France

D35 Design and Study of Behaviour of Brush Bearing Platens by the Finite Element Method J.M. Torrenti, L.c.P.C., Paris, France; and P. Royis, E.N.T.P.E., Vaulx-en-Velin, France

D36 Water Pollution Control using Finite Element Model T. Oikawa and M. Kawahara, Chuo University, Tokyo, Japan

D37 Three-Dimensional Finite Element Analyses for a Maxwell Fluid using the Penalty Function Method Takeo Shiojima, Idemitsu Petrochemical Co. Ltd., Chiba, Japan Yoji Shimazaki, Tokai University, Kanagawa, Japan

D38 Optimization of Continuous Prestressed Beam for Different Construction Stages Dragan Radic, Josip Dvornik, Vinko Candrlic, Duro Dekanovic and Josko Ozbolt, Gradevinski Institut, Zagreb, Yugoslavia

D39 Slope Stability Computations with Nonlinear Failure Envelope using Generalized Procedure of Slices and Optimization Techniques Yudhbir, P.K. Basudhar and S.K. Bhowmik, Civil Engineering Dept, Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur, India

D40 A Computer Code for the Stress Analysis of Cyclically Symmetric Components Y.V.L.N. Murthy and C.P. Agrawal, Bharat Heavy Electricals Ltd, Hyderabad, India

041 A Numerical Method for the Determination of the Moment­Rotation-Capacity of Thin Walled Members Dr.-Ing. Ch. Stutzki and Prof. Dr.-Ing. G. Sedlacek, Lehrstuhl fur Stahlbau, RWTH Aachen, West Germany

042 Some Applications of Load-Deformation States Dr. Ing. J. Lopetegui and Prof. Dr. Ing. G. Sedlacek, Lehrstuhl fur Stahlbau, RWTH Aachen, West Germany

043 A Second Generation Structural Shape Optimization Capability Employing a Boundary Element Formulation J.H. Kane, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Worcester, Massachusetts, U.S.A.

044 An Experimental and Theoretical Study of Soil-Structure Interaction in the Case of a Shallow Foundation Model S. Labanieh and M. Boulon, Institut de Mecanique de Grenoble, St. Martin d'Heres Cedex, France

045 Dynamic Analysis of General Thin Shells S. Naomis and P.C.M. Lau, Civil Engineering Dept, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Australia

046 A Simplified Analysis of Two Plate Bending Elements - The MITC4 and MITC9 Elements Klaus-Jurgen Bathe, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts and Franco Brezzi, Universita di Pavia, I.A.N. del C.N.R., Pavia, Italy

047 High-Speed Loading Analysis of Reinforced Concrete Columns Shigekatsu Ichihashi, Kozo Keikaku Eng. Inc., Nippon Holstein Kaikan, Honcho, Nakano-ku, Tokyo, Japan and Akira Wada, Dept. of Arch. and Build., Tokyo Institute of Tech., Ookayama, Meguro­ku, Tokyo, Japan

048 Analysis of Footing Behaviour on Homogeneous and Layered Soils M. AI-Mukhtar, J.C. Robinet and I. Shahrour, Universite des Sciences et Techniques de Lille - EUDlL, Villeneuve d'Ascq Cedex, France

049 Fracture Mechanics for Delamination on Composite Structures in Compression H. Chaouk and G.P. Steven, The University of Sydney, N.S.W., Australia

D50 A New Multivariable Finite Element Algorithm and a Breakable Element Algorithm for Elasto-Plastic Fracture Analysis J.Y. Zhang, Dept of Mechanics, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China T.R. Hsu, Dept of Mech. Engng, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada

D51 Preliminary Seismic Analysis and Design of Liquid Storage Tanks R.C. Barros, Departmento de Engenharia Civil, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal

D52 Optimal Design of Semiconductor Components J.B. Waddell and J. Middleton, Dept of Civil Engineering, University College of Swansea, U.K.

D53 Reflections on Finite Element Plate Analysis E. Hinton, University College of Swansea, U.K.

D54 Finite Element Model for Layered Plates/Shells M.G. Rajendran, S. Rajasekaran, K. Jawahar Reddy and S. Valliammai, PSG College of Technology, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India

D55 An Approach to Correct Elasto-viscoplastic Stress Predictions T. Rodic, D.R.J. Owen, F. Damjanic, Dept of Civil Engineering, University of Wales, Swansea. U.K.

D56 Finite Element Analysis of a Viscoelastic Solid Sliding over Rigid Triangular Asperities N. Purushothaman and I.D. Moore, University of Newcastle, N.S.W .. Australia

D57 Non-Linear Analysis of Arch Dams C. Pina and R. Camara, Laboratorio Nacional de Engenharia Civil, Lisbon, Portugal

D58 2-D Moving Grid FEM for Diffusion Problems with Chemical Reactions P. Gerrekens and M. Hogge, Aerospace Laboratory of the University of Liege, Belgium

SECI10N S - DEVELOPMENTS IN ENGINEERING SOFIW ARE

Sl Are High Degree Elements Preferable? Some Aspects of the h and h-p Version of the Finite Element Method Ivo Babuska, Institute for Physical Sciences and Technology, University of Maryland, U.S.A.

S2 Handicraft in Finite Elements J. Blaauwendraad and A.W.M. Kok, Delft University of Tech., Delft, The Netherlands

S3 Adaptive Techniques in Finite Element Analysis J.Z. Zhu and O.C. Zienkiewicz, Dept of Civil Engineering, University College of Swansea, U.K. A.W. Craig, Dept of Mathematical Science, University of Durham, U.K.

S4 Aspects of Methodology for FE-Program Development Harald Tagnfors, Dept of Structural Mechanics, Chalmers Univ. of Technology, Goteborg, Sweden

S5 The Significance and Practice of Rank Estimation in Structural Dynamics Identification Algorithms John Brandon, Dept of Mechanical and Manufacturing Systems Engineering, University of Wales Institute of Science and Tech., Cardiff

S6 The Use of Tension Parameter in Surface Modelling Da-Pan Chen and Tser-Liang Lin, Dept of Mechanical Engineering National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan, Republic of China

S7 Direct Design Versus Range Selection Algorithms used in Mechanical Component Software Dr. J. Vogwell, University of Bath, U.K.

S8 Analog/Hybrid and Digital Simulations in Civil Engineering Hamdy Youssef, Concordia University, Dept of Civil Engineering, Montreal, Quebec, Canada

S9 Curve Design using Hierarchical Finite Element Forms S. Virtanen, Tampere University of Technology, Tampere, Finland

SlO Integration of FEM, Optimization, and CAD on Microcomputers Gu Yuanxian and Cheng Gengdong, Research Institute of Engineering Mechanics, Dalian Institute of Technology, Dalian, China

SII An Adaptive HP-Version in the Finite Element Method Ernst Rank, A.G Siemens. Corporate Research and Technology. Milnchen. West Germany

Sl2 A Finite Element Transitional Mesh Generation Technique L. Carter Wellford, Jr. and M.R. Gorman, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, U.S.A.

S13 Expert System for Material Selection James K. Blundell, University of Missouri-Columbia/Kansas City R. Bryan Greenway, Design Productivity Center, Kansas City, U.S.A.

S14 A Dynamically Partitioned Out-of-Core Skyline Solver for Micro­Cemputers A.J. du Toit and W.S. Doyle, Dept of Civil Engineering, University of Cape Town, S. Africa

SI5 A Generalised A-Posteriori Analysis of the Discretization Error in Numerical Solutions to Linear Problems D.W. Kelly, University of New South Wales. Kensington, N.S.W., Australia

Sl6 Analysis of Cantilever Sheet Piling in Stratified Cohesive Soils Jay S. DeNatale and German A. Ibarra-Encinas, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, U.S.A.

SI7 A Geometrical Continuous Remeshing Procedure for Application to Finite Element Calculation of Non-Steady State Forming Processes J.P. Cescutti and J.L. Chenot, Ecole des Mines de Paris, Centre de Mise en Forme, Valbonne Cedex, France

SIS Improved Systolic Designs for the Iterative Solution of Linear Systems D.J. Evans and K. Margaritis, Dept of Computer Studies, University of Technology, Loughborough, Leicestershire, U.K.

SI9 Superconvergence and Finite Element Post Processing G.F. Carey and R.J. MacKinnon, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin. Texas, U.S.A.

S20 Automatic Generation of Shape Function Routines Peter Bettess, School of Marine Technology. University of Newcastle-upon-Tyne, U.K. and Jacqueline A. Bettess, Computer Centre, University of Durham, U.K.

S21 The Generation of Hybrid Structured-Unstructured Grids N.P. Weatherill, Institute for Numerical Methods in Engineering, University College of Swansea, U.K.