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1
EPC Exhibit 136-19.2
April 4, 2013
THE LIBRARY OF CONGRESS
Dewey Section
To: Caroline Kent, Chair
Decimal Classification Editorial Policy Committee
Cc: Members of the Decimal Classification Editorial Policy Committee
Karl E. Debus-López, Chief, U.S. General Division
From: Rebecca Green, Assistant Editor
Giles Martin, Consulting Assistant Editor
Dewey Decimal Classification
OCLC Online Computer Library Center, Inc.
Via: Michael Panzer, Editor in Chief
Dewey Decimal Classification
OCLC Online Computer Library Center, Inc
Re: 583–584 Angiosperms: Proposal for discussion
Immediate reuse of numbers
Number Previous meaning New meaning
583.43 Minor orders of Hamamelididae Dilleniaceae
583.98 Campanulales Euasterids II
Relocations
From To Topic
583.2 583.68 Cytinaceae
583.2 583.83 Rafflesiaceae
583.22 583.24 Canellaceae, Winteraceae (winter's bark family), wild cinnamon
583.23 583.292 Amborellaceae
583.23 583.296 Austrobaileyaceae
583.23 583.298 Chloranthaceae
[583.26] 583.25 Aristolochiaceae (birthwort family)
583.29 583.28 Ceratophyllaceae (hornworts)
583.3 583.296 Illiciaceae, Schisandraceae, magnolia vine, star anise
[583.36] 583.975 Sarraceniaceae (New World pitcher plant family)
583.43 583.34 Eupteleaceae
583.43 583.393 Trochodendrales
583.43 583.395 Didymelaceae
2
583.43 583.44 Cercidiphyllaceae (katsura trees)
583.43 583.46 Casuarinaceae (beefwoods), Myricaceae (wax myrtles),
bayberries, candleberry, sweet gale (bog myrtle)
583.43 583.73 Barbeyaceae
583.43 583.786 Leitneria
583.43 583.83 Balanopaceae
583.43 583.942 Eucommiaceae
583.44 583.38 Platanaceae (sycamore family), plane trees
583.44 583.42 Myrothamnaceae
[583.45] 583.738 Urticaceae (nettle family), Cannabaceae (hemp family),
Moraceae (mulberry family), Ulmaceae (elm family)
[583.48] 583.46 Betulaceae (birch family), alders, filberts (hazelnuts), hornbeams;
comprehensive works on ironwoods
[583.49] 583.46 Juglandaceae (walnut family), butternuts, hickories, pecans
583.5 583.93 Theligonum (Cynocrambe)
[583.62] 583.43 Dilleniaceae
[583.62] 583.44 Paeoniaceae (peony family)
[583.62] 583.782 Crossosomataceae
[583.624] 583.5 Asteropeiaceae
[583.624] 583.58 Ancistrocladaceae, Dioncophyllaceae
[583.624] 583.68 Diegodendraceae, Dipterocarpaceae
[583.624] 583.782 Strasburgeriaceae
[583.624] 583.83 Bonnetiaceae, Caryocaraceae, Clusiaceae (Guttiferae),
Elatinaceae, Hypericaceae, Lophiraceae, Medusagynaceae,
Ochnaceae, Quiinaceae, garcinias, mammee apple, mangosteen
[583.624] 583.94 Oncothecaceae
[583.624] 583.975 Marcgraviaceae, Pellicieraceae, Pentaphylacaceae,
Tetrameristaceae, Theaceae (Ternstroemiaceae, tea family),
camellias, Stewartia
[583.625] 583.44 Peridiscaceae
[583.625] 583.68 Bixaceae (annatto tree), Cistaceae (rockrose family),
Cochlospermaceae
[583.625] 583.782 Stachyuraceae
[583.625] 583.83 Flacourtiaceae, Lacistemataceae, Scyphostegiaceae, Violaceae
(violet family), pansies
[583.626] 583.64 Caricaceae (papaya family), papaws
[583.626] 583.83 Achariaceae, Malesherbiaceae, Passifloraceae (passionflower
family), Turneraceae, granadillas, maypop
[583.627] 583.63 Begoniaceae, Datiscaceae, begonias
[583.628] 583.5 Frankeniaceae, Tamaricaceae (tamarisk family), alkali heath
[583.628] 583.975 Fouquieriaceae (candlewood family), ocotillo
[583.65] 583.83 Salicaceae (willow family), cottonwoods, Populus (poplars and
aspens), Salix
[583.66] 583.975 Ericales, Clethraceae (pepperbush family), Epacridaceae,
Ericaceae (heath family), Monotropaceae (Indian pipe family),
3
Pyrolaceae, Saurauiaceae, azaleas, blueberries, cranberries,
crowberries, heather, huckleberries, kalmias, kiwi (Chinese
gooseberry), mountain laurel, rhododendrons, sourwood,
wintergreens
[583.67] 583.68 Thymelaeaceae (mezereum family), daphnes, spurge laurel
[583.67] 583.975 Diapensiaceae, galax
[583.674] 583.975 Ebenaceae (ebony family), Sapotaceae, Styracaceae (storax
family), Symplocaceae (sweetleaf family), persimmons,
sapodilla, star apples
[583.675] 583.975 Primulaceae (primrose family), Myrsinaceae, Theophrastaceae,
auriculas, coralberry, cyclamens, loosestrife, primulas, shooting
stars
[583.69] 583.395 Buxaceae (boxwood family)
[583.69] 583.83 Dichapetalaceae, Euphorbiaceae (spurge family), cassavas
(maniocs), castor-oil plant, copperleaves, crotons, crown of
thorns, heveas, manchineels, mercuries, poinsettias, rubber tree,
snow-on-the-mountain, tallow tree, tung tree
[583.72] 583.44 Saxifragales, Saxifragaceae (saxifrage family), Crassulaceae,
Grossulariaceae (gooseberry family), currants, houseleeks (live-
forevers), pickaback plants, Ribes, stonecrops (orpines, sedums),
Virginia willow
[583.72] 583.79 Francoaceae
[583.72] 583.825 Brunelliaceae, Cephalotaceae, Cunoniaceae
[583.72] 583.85 Parnassiaceae and brexias
[583.72] 583.94 Vahliaceae
[583.72] 583.96 Byblidaceae
[583.72] 583.972 Hydrangeaceae (hydrangea family), deutzias, mock oranges
(syringas)
[583.72] 583.984 Escalloniaceae and escallonias
[583.72] 583.985 Bruniaceae
[583.72] 583.986 Paracryphiaceae
[583.72] 583.988 Pittosporaceae (hedge laurel family)
[583.75] 583.58 Nepenthaceae (Old World pitcher plant family), Droseraceae
(sundew family); Venus's flytrap; comprehensive works on
pitcher plants, comprehensive works on carnivorous plants
583.76 583.63 Anisophylleaceae
583.76 583.64 Brazilian spiderflowers
583.76 583.975 Lecythidaceae (Brazil nut family)
583.763 583.83 Rhizophoraceae
[583.77] 583.63 Coriariaceae
[583.77] 583.74 Stylobasium
[583.77] 583.786 Rutaceae (orange family), Anacardiaceae (mango family),
Burseraceae (incense tree family), Meliaceae (mahogany family),
Simaroubaceae (ailanthus family), cashew, chinaberry tree, citrus
fruits, cork trees, hog plums (Spanish plums), hop tree, orange
4
jessamine, pistachio, poison ivies, rue, smoke trees, sumacs, tree
of heaven, varnish trees; comprehensive works on balms
583.78 583.37 Sabiaceae
583.78 583.79 Greyiaceae and Melianthaceae
583.79 583.64 Tropaeolaceae (nasturtium family)
583.79 583.822 Zygophyllaceae (lignum vitae family), creosote bush
583.79 583.825 Oxalidaceae (wood sorrel family), shamrock
583.79 583.83 Erythroxylaceae (coca family), Hugoniaceae, Humiriaceae,
Ixonanthaceae, Linaceae (flax family), Malpighiaceae, wild
mango (dika)
583.79 583.975 Balsaminaceae (balsam family), impatiens, jewelweeds (touch-
me-nots)
583.82 583.42 Gunneraceae, gunneras
583.82 583.73 Elaeagnaceae (oleaster family)
583.82 583.74 Polygalalceae (milkwort family)
583.82 583.76 Vochysiaceae
583.82 583.83 Podostemaceae (riverweed family)
583.82 583.96 Hippuris (mare's tail)
[583.84] 583.942 Garryaceae, Garrya
[583.84] 583.972 Cornales, Cornaceae (dogwood family), tupelos (sour gums)
[583.84] 583.988 Araliaceae (ginseng family, ivy family), Torricelliaceae
(Toricelliaceae), wild sarsaparilla, comprehensive works on ivies
[583.849] 583.9882 Apiaceae
583.85 583.478 Aextoxicaceae
583.85 583.94 Icacinaceae
583.85 583.982 Aquifoliaceae (holly family), maté
583.86 583.73 Rhamnaceae (buckthorn family), ironwoods, jujubes
[583.88] 583.44 Medusandraceae
[583.88] 583.47 Santalales, Santalaceae (sandalwood family), Balanophoraceae,
Loranthaceae (mistletoe family), Olacaceae, Opiliaceae,
Viscaceae
[583.88] 583.788 Dipentodontaceae
[583.88] 583.982 Cardiopteridaceae (Peripterygiaceae)
[583.89] 583.38 Proteales
583.93 583.99 Menyanthaceae, bog myrtle (buckbean)
583.94 583.95 Convolvulaceae (morning glory family), Cuscutaceae (dodder
family), dichondras, sweet potatoes (yams)
583.94 583.972 Loasaceae
583.94 583.975 Polemoniaceae (phlox family), Jacob's ladders
583.95 583.96 Acanthaceae (acanthus family), Bignoniaceae (catalpa family),
Buddlejaceae, Gesneriaceae, Globulariaceae, Lentibulariaceae
(bladderwort family), Martyniaceae, Myoporaceae,
Orobanchaceae (broomrape family), Pedaliaceae (sesame
family), Plantaginaceae (plantago family), Retziaceae,
Scrophulariaceae (figwort family, snapdragon family),
5
Trapellaceae, African violets, butterfly bushes, calabash tree,
foxglove, mulleins, Penstemon, plantains, trumpet creepers,
unicorn plants
583.95 583.972 Hydrostachyaceae
583.95 583.985 Columelliaceae
583.98 583.95 Sphenocleaceae
583.98 583.99 Brunoniaceae, Campanulaceae (bellflower family), Donatiaceae,
Goodeniaceae, Lobeliaceae, Stylidiaceae; bluebells, Campanula,
Indian tobacco
584.32 584.35 Aloes, day lilies
584.32 584.352 Hostas (plantain lilies)
584.32 584.355 Bluebells, hyacinths, lily of the valley
584.34 584.324 Peruvian lily
584.35 584.32 Petermanniaceae, Philesiaceae
584.35 584.6 Stemonaceae
584.35 584.69 Taccaceae
584.35 584.86 Philydraceae, Pontederiaceae
[584.353] 583.324 Alstroemeriaceae
584.354 584.6 Velloziaceae (tree lily family)
584.354 584.86 Haemodoraceae (bloodwort family)
[584.356] 584.326 Smilacaceae
[584.357] 584.69 Dioscoreaceae (yam family)
[584.37] 584.6 Triuridaceae
584.38 584.69 Burmanniaceae
[584.64] 584.724 Araceae (arum family)
[584.68] 584.9 Typhaceae (Sparganiaceae), Sparganium (bur reeds), Typha
(cattails and bulrushes)
584.72 584.86 Water hyacinths
584.74 584.73 Najas (naiads)
584.8 584.9 Centrolepidaceae, Flagellariaceae, Restionaceae
584.86 584.9 Mayacaceae, Rapateaceae, Xyridaceae (yellow-eyed grass
family)
Expansions
New location Topic
583 Angiosperms (flowering plants)
583.38 Nelumbonaceae (lotuses)
583.68 Sphaerosepalaceae
583.685 Bombacaceae (silk cotton tree family), balsa, baobabs, basswood,
cacao, jute, kapok, kola nuts, Sterculia, Tilia (lindens, lime trees)
583.822 Krameriaceae
583.99 Calyceraceae
583.952 Nolanaceae
584.32 Liliales
6
Discontinuation
From To Topic
584.66 584.6 Pandanales
The current exhibit follows from three previous exhibits:
(1) EPC Exhibit 135-17.1 Angiosperms, a request from Magdalena Svanberg that we give
consideration to the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group’s 2009 classification for flowering
plants (APG III) and ―revise the [DDC] where appropriate‖;
(2) EPC Exhibit 135-17.1.1, 583–584 Angiosperms: Discussion paper, which explored
issues and options in the possible accommodation of APG III in the DDC; and
(3) EPC Exhibit 136-19.2, a preprint of a paper presented at last fall’s SIG/CR Classification
Research Workshop, which also addressed issues raised during the discussion of the EPC
135 exhibits. (Citation/URL now available: Green, R., & Martin, G. (2013). A Rosid Is
a Rosid Is a Rosid . . . or Not. Advances in Classification Research Online, 23(1), pp.
9-16. http://journals.lib.washington.edu/index.php/acro/article/view/14228/12088)
The strategy we have supported is to revise 583–584 on the basis of APG III, but to minimize
relocations, using see references to establish the APG III logical hierarchy, as needed / where
possible. The current exhibit presents a proposed revision of 583–584 that implements this
revision strategy. Admittedly, the length of the list of relocations may challenge one’s belief in
our having undertaken the goal of minimizing relocations in good faith. But APG III and the
current taxonomic basis of 583–584 differ on many details. Relocations have been implemented
where necessary so that the resulting DDC class makes sense from an APG III perspective, even
if the entire APG III clade is not represented there. (See references at 583.58, 583.7, 583.98,
584.35, 584.355, 584.8, and 584.9 represent significant lost relocation ―opportunities‖ that could
have been implemented had we adopted the strategy of revising more thoroughly along the lines
of APG III. See questions raised by Winton on the next page.)
The set of proposed changes is of sufficient magnitude to raise the question whether a more
extensive revision should be preferred to the level of revision worked out here.
So that the discussion of the proposal can be objectively grounded to the extent possible, we will
provide the following statistics prior to the EPC meeting:
Counts of the number of WorldCat records affected by the proposed relocations,
expansions, and discontinuations (considering both 583–584 and numbers in 633–635
built using 583–584)
Counts of the number of WorldCat records not affected by the proposed relocations,
expansions, and discontinuations (considering both 583–584 and numbers in 633–635
built using 583–584)
The percentage of recent (2012–2013) WorldCat literature classed in 583–584 and
numbers in 633–635 built using 583–584 that employ APG III taxonomic groupings
7
The percentage of recent (2012–2013) WorldCat literature classed in 583–584 and
numbers in 633–635 built using 583–584 using pre-APG III taxonomic groupings
Analysis of LC subject headings assigned to recent (2012–2013) WorldCat literature
classed in 583–584 and numbers in 633–635 built using 583–584 with regard to the
taxonomic organization they reflect
These statistics will also be used to analyze whether any of the proposed classes (e.g., 583.975
Ericales) should be subject to further development/expansion.
Immediately following can be found:
―Notes of Decisions in 583-584‖ (pp. 9–12)—notes Giles took as he was making the
revisions. He leaves open several suggestions/questions:
o Should Plumbaginaceae, Frankeniaceae and Tamaricaceae be relocated from
583.628 to 583.57?
o Should we expand at 583.58 for the clade consisting of the carnivorous plants?
o Should there be expansions as proposed at 583.732, 583.736 and 583.738?
o Should there be an expansion for Faboideae at 583.74, perhaps at 583.747?
o Should comprehensive works on mangroves be relocated from 583.763 to
583.17698?
―Bare bones version of proposed development‖ (pp. 13–18; worked out by Winton),
showing its overall structure. On the basis of see references leading to entire classes in
other hierarchies, he raises the following questions:
o Should 583.46 Fagales, 583.63 Cucurbitales, 583.64 Brassicales, and 583.68
Malvales be relocated to 583.7–583.8?
o Should 583.92 Dipsacales be relocated to 583.98?
o Should 584.4 Orchidaceae be relocated to 584.35?
o Should 584.5 Arecales (Palmales) be relocated to 584.8?
o Should 584.82 Juncaceae (rush family) and Thurniaceae, 584.84 Cyperaceae
(sedge family), 584.85 Bromeliaceae (pineapple family), and 584.87
Eriocaulaceae (pipewort family) be relocated to 584.9?
PDF of proposed development. The following records do not incorporate any changes,
but are supplied to provide context or to trigger printing of summary or internal table
records (only affected internal table records are shown; those not shown are still valid):
500
561
561.3–561.9
571
571.2
575
575.6–575.9
575.9
577
588
615
633
633.8
634
634.9
634.97
635
635.9
635.93–635.97
635.93
635.97
635.9
In the PDF, we would like to bring to your attention a situation that recurs frequently and
is symptomatic of the relationship between the current development and the organization
8
of APG III. As an example, the situation can be seen in the entries for 583.25 and
[583.26]:
583.25 *Piperales
Including Aristolochiaceae (birthwort family) [formerly 583.26],
Saururaceae (lizard’s-tail family); black pepper, peperomias
Aristolochiaceae are sometimes classed as Aristolochiales [formerly
583.26]
Class here Piperaceae (pepper family)
Class peppers of Solanaceae family, comprehensive works on peppers
in 583.952
[583.26] Aristolochiaceae (birthwort family)
Former heading: Aristolochiales
Relocated to 583.25
*Add as instructed under 583–588
At 583.26, we currently have:
583.26 *Aristolochiales
Class here Aristolochiaceae (birthwort family)
*Add as instructed under 583–588
In the Encyclopedia Britannica angiosperm classification, both Piperales and Aristolochiales
are considered orders within 583.2 Magnoliidae. In APG III, Aristolochiales is included as
family Aristolochiaceae within order Piperales. This difference between the two
classifications is handled by a set of changes in the proposed development:
At 583.26, order Aristolochiales gives way to family Aristolochiaceae in the caption
and takes its place as the former heading.
Family Aristolochiaceae is relocated from 583.26 to 583.25 Piperales.
A note at 583.25 gives the ―equivalence‖ of the former order and the current family,
stating that Aristolochiaceae are sometimes classed as Aristolochiales.
9
NOTES OF DECISIONS IN 583-584
Capitalization
In the APG system some English words are used rather than
Latin words to describe clades, e.g., ―angiosperms‖,
―dicots‖, ―euasterids‖, ―rosids‖. Where they don’t start a
caption or sentence, they have been written with lower case
even though they are scientific names.
583.2 Magnoliids, Ceratophyllales, basal Angiosperms
Rafflesiales is not defined in Britannica, but in Takhtajan
(1969) consists of Rafflesiacea and Hydnoraceae. These
have been separately relocated.
The term ―monster flower‖ is used in Britannica for
Rafflesia arnoldii. No literary warrant in WorldCat for the
term (though plenty for the species), so dropped from
schedule, and should be EO at best in RI.
583.22 Magnoliales
―Cucumber tree‖ is ambiguous, but here it presumably is
Magnolia acuminata.
―Lancewood‖ is ambiguous, but here presumably refers to
several species of Annonaceae.
583.26 Aristolochiaceae (birthwort family)
I changed the caption from ―Aristolochiales‖ since that
order is no longer recognised and it contained only one
family.
583.28 Ceratophyllales
Because of the relocation here, I added the record for 588.3
to the project.
583.3 Ranunculales, Sabiaceae, Proteales, Trochodendrales, Buxales
I’ve added Trochodendrales and Buxales to the caption. (I
don’t know why they were left out.)
In Britannica and in Takhtajan (1969) Illiciales consists of
Illiciaceae and Schisandraceae. In the most recent APG
they are one family, Schisandraceae, placed in
Austrobaileyales. However the relocation given is of
Illiciaceae and Schisandraceae.
In Britannica and in Takhtajan (1969) Nelumbales consists
of one family Nelumbaceae, and this is expanded to 583.38.
(The expansion should have been in the exhibit.)
583.36 Sarraceniaceae (New World pitcher plant family)
I changed the caption from ―Sarraceniales‖ since that order
is no longer recognised and it contained only one family.
583.43 Dilleniaceae
I added more relocations: Balanopaceae to 583.83;
Barbeyaceae to 583.73; Cercidiphyllaceae to 583.44,
Eucommiaceae to 583.942, Leitneria (recently recognised
as a genus in Simaroubaceae) to 583.786.
583.44 Saxifragales
I added a relocation of Myrothamnaceae to 583.42 (it was
shown implicitly at 583.42, but not at 583.44).
―Ironwood‖ can refer to many different species, and I’m not
sure which one is intended here. I’ve dropped it from the
Including note.
583.45 Urticales
While part of Rosales, this group is monophyletic. I am
suggesting a three-way expansion below of 583.73 Rosales,
so for the time being I’m relocating this clade to 583.738.
If my suggestion for an expansion at 583.73 is not accepted,
it can be integrated into 583.73.
583.47 Santalales and Berberidopsidales
There’s a coding problem here: the 153/j subfield is not
repeatable, so this is treated as an error:
153 ## $a 583.47 $e 583.4 $g * $j Santalales $i [formerly
$x 583.88 $i ] $j and Berberidopsidales
I looked to see if I could find a similar example in the
DDC23 database, and found this:
153 ## $a 697.95 $c 697.98 $e 697.9 $j Air-conditioning
in specific types of buildings $i [formerly $x
697.935 $c 697.938 $i ]; heating, ventilation in
specific types of buildings $9 ess=en $9 ess=eh
$9 ess=nrl
That’s a problem, because ―heating, ventilation in specific
types of buildings‖ is part of the caption and so should be in
a $j subfield. There are probably others like this: it’s hard
to search for them.
We are already breaking the MARC format by having 153/I
and 153/x subfields: we should change our local rules and
allow repeated 153/j subfields as well.
583.5 Caryophyllales
I’ve added a variant name ―Centrospermae‖ – it is in 151
titles in WorldCat, including some recent ones, and it’s a
close synonym of Caryophyllales.
As far as I can see, the deprecated order ―Theligonales
(Cynocrambales)‖ comes down to one genus, Theligonum
(synonym Cynocrambe), which is relocated to 583.93.
Although Cuénoud et al. (2001) provides a nice diagram of
relationships within Caryophyllales based on DNA
analysis, I’m not sure that it’s the last word on the
taxonomy. What I am proposing is relatively conservative:
Provide in 583.53 for families that Britannica or
Takhtajan (1969) assign to Caryophyllales. This
clade approximates what Cuénoud et al. (2001)
describe as ―core Caryophyllales‖, with the
exception of Cactaceae [which is in its own order
Cactales in Britannica or Takhtajan (1969), but
which is found to be closely related to Portulaceae
in Cuénoud et al. (2001)].
Let 583.56 and 583.57 stand as they are.
However, in the future 583.57 Polygonaceae might
be enlarged by adding Plumbaginaceae,
10
Frankeniaceae and Tamaricaceae, which I’ve put
in standing room at 583.5 for the time being.
Expand at 583.58 for the clade consisting of the
carnivorous plants Dioncophyllaceae, Droseraceae,
Drosophyllaceae, Nepenthaceae and
Triphyophyllaceae, together with the
noncarnivorous plants in the family
Ancistrocladaceae. This is mostly a relocation
from 583.75 Nepenthales, and would be the place
for comprehensive works on carnivorous plants.
583.53 Caryophyllaceae and related families
Chenopodiaceae are now included in the family
Amaranthaceae, but I’ve left them in the Including note.
I’ve added to the Including note Basellaceae and
Didiereaceae (from v. 13, pp. 634-635 of Britannica), and
Achatocarpaceae, Barbeuiaceae, Molluginaceae,
Stegnospermataceae (from p. 213-214 of Takhtajan, 1969).
It’s important to clarify the scope of this number, given the
caption. We may need to add other families here.
583.57 Polygonaceae (buckwheat family)
I’ve dropped ―and related families‖ from the caption.
However, as mentioned above, it might make sense to
include Plumbaginaceae, Frankeniaceae and Tamaricaceae
here.
583.58 Nepenthaceae and related families
As proposed above, a new number for Ancistrocladaceae,
Dioncophyllaceae, Droseraceae, Drosophyllaceae,
Nepenthaceae, Triphyophyllaceae, and comprehensive
works on carnivorous plants.
583.6 Cucurbitales, Brassicales, Malvales
Sphaerosepalaceae (mentioned in RI) expanded to 583.68
583.62 Miscellaneous orders of Dilleniidae
In Britannica and in Takhtajan (1969), Dilleniales contains
two families, Dilleniaceae and Crossosomataceae (not
Paeoniaceae). Crossosomataceae are relocated to 583.782.
583.624 Theales
Ancistrocladaceae are relocated to the new number 583.58.
Asteropeiaceae are relocated to standing room at 583.5.
Bonnetiaceae, Caryocaraceae, Clusiaceae (Guttiferae) are
relocated to 583.83
Diegodendraceae are relocated to 583.68
Dioncophyllaceae are relocated to the new number 583.58
Dipterocarpaceae are relocated to 583.68
Elatinaceae, Hypericaceae, Lophiraceae are relocated to
583.83
Marcgraviaceae are relocated to 583.975
Medusagynaceae and Ochnaceae are relocated to 583.83
Oncothecaceae are relocated to 583.94
Pellicieraceae and Pentaphylacaceae are relocated to
583.975
Quiinaceae are relocated to 583.83
Strasburgeriaceae are relocated to 583.782
Ternstroemiaceae, Tetrameristaceae and Theaceae are
relocated to 583.975
583.625 Violales
Annatto tree
583.138 583.625 583.68
Bixaceae, Cistaceae, Cochlospermaceae are relocated
to 583.68
Flacourtiaceae has been deprecated as a family, and the
approximately 70 to 90 genera that used to belong to it are
scattered among six families, principally Salicaceae and
Achariaceae, both of which are proposed to be in 583.83
Malpighiales. I’m therefore relocating it to 583.83, and
adding an editorial note to delete Flacourtiaceae from the
Including note in the next edition. The other possible
action would be to relocate it tribe by tribe according to the
list in Takhtajan (1997), pp. 203-204, or even genus by
genus. I don’t think that’s worth doing.
Lacistemataceae are relocated to 583.83
Peridiscaceae are relocated to 583.44
Scyphostegiaceae are relocated to 583.83
Stachyuraceae are relocated to 583.782
Violaceae are relocated to 583.83
583.626 Passiflorales
The family Caricaceae is relocated to 583.64, while other
families are relocated to 583.83
583.674 and 583.675 Ebenales and Primulales
These are relocated to 587.975 Ericales, not to 583.94
583.68 Malvales
The family Bombacaceae and the genus Tilia are now part
of Malvaceae, so are expanded to 583.685.
583.7 Rosids
I also added see references to 583.6 Cucurbitales,
Brassicales, Malvales and to 583.8 Other orders of rosids.
There’s not likely to be a lot of literary warrant, but I
provided for eurosids, Fabidae and Malvidae here.
583.72 Saxifragales
Pittosporaceae is relocated to 583.988 (Apiales), not to
583.98.
Added relocations: Brunelliaceae to 583.825; Bruniaceae to
583.985 (was already given at other end); Cephalotaceae
and Cunoniaceae to 583.825; Escalloniaceae to 583.984
(was already implied at other end); Francoaceae (RI entry)
to 583.79; Parnassiaceae and brexias to 583.85
11
583.73 Rosales
Recent research (Zhang et al., 2011) suggests that Rosales
consists of three monophyletic groups: Rosaceae, and two
unnamed clades each containing four families. In the light
of the literary warrant for this large order, and in the light of
the existing provision for the genus Rosa, I suggest an
expansion here:
583.732 Rosaceae
583.736 Barbeyaceae, Dirachmaceae,
Elaeagnaceae, Rhamnaceae
583.738 Cannabaceae, Moraceae, Ulmaceae,
Urticaceae (i.e., the deprecated order
Urticales, which was at 583.45)
There would be a see reference from 583.732 to 583.734
Rosa (Roses).
I’ve created a record for 583.738, since it’s essentially a
copy of the existing record at 583.45, but not for 583.732
and 583.736.
583.74 Fabales (Leguminales)
I haven’t done it, but I strongly suggest an expansion for
Faboideae, to parallel the other two subfamilies of
Fabaceae,
583.76 Myrtales
Anisophylleaceae are relocated to 583.63; Lecythidaceae
are relocated to 583.975.
583.763 Rhizophoraceae and Sonneratiaceae
This number seems to have been created for comprehensive
works on mangroves. However, since Rhizophoraceae
needs to be relocated out of here to 583.83, and the two
genera in Sonneratiaceae are now part of Lythracea at
583.76, it should be reconsidered. The major families
containing mangroves are:
Acanthaceae – 583.96
Combretaceae – 583.76
Arecaceae – 584.5
Rhizophoraceae – 583.83
Lythraceae – 583.76
So 583.76 no longer predominates, and one family is in the
monocots. I suggest that we supply the built number
583.17698 for mangroves in the schedule, but I have not
implemented this yet.
583.77 Rutales
Coriariaceae relocated to 583.63; Stylobasium (in RI as
―Stylobasiaceae‖) relocated to 583.74; all the other families
are relocated to 583.786.
583.78 Crossosomatales, Huertales, Picramniales, Sapindales
I have found two kinds of ―honey bush‖ (Cyclopia and
Melianthus major), neither of which belongs here. I have
dropped it from the Including note.
Greyiaceae and Melianthaceae (two RI entries, merged by
APG into one family Melianthaceae) are relocated to
583.79.
583.79 Geraniales
Balsaminaceae are relocated to 583.975. Erythroxylaceae,
Hugoniaceae, Humiriaceae, Ixonanthaceae, Linaceae,
Malpighiaceae are relocated to 583.83. Oxalidaceae are
relocated to 583.825 (this was implicit at 583.825).
Tropaeolaceae are relocated to 583.64. (Tropaeolaceae are
called the nasturtium family, but the genus Nasturtium does
not belong to the family – it does however now belong to
the same order, and hence to the same Dewey number. We
should retain two RI entries under ―Nasturtium(s)‖ even
though they are the same number.) Zygophyllaceae are
relocated to 583.822 (this was implicit at 583.822).
583.82 Oxalidales and Zygophyllales
Elaeagnaceae are relocated to 583.73, not to the proposed
583.736.
Hippuridales (or Haloragales) in Taktajan, 1969, and in
Britannica, v. 9 p. 941, consists of three families,
Haloragaceae, Gunneraceae and Hippuridaceae.
Haloragaceae are relocated to 583.44. Gunneraceae are
relocated to 583.42. The one genus in Hippuridaceae, i.e.,
Hippuris, has been transferred to the family Plantaginaceae,
now at 583.96.
583.83 Malpighiales
This is a very large class, with potential for expansion.
However, relationships based on DNA analysis are not yet
clear enough to propose an expansion.
583.84 Malpighiales
Toricelliaceae is Torricelliaceae in APG III. I’ve preferred
the spelling with two r’s and relocated to 583.988.
583.849 Umbelliferae
Takhtajan (both 1969 and 1996) and APG prefer the name
Apiaceae for the family, so I changed the caption before
relocation. Since the family had its own Dewey number
previously, I’ve relocated to the new number 583.9882.
583.85 Celastrales
There is a relocation from here of Aextoxicaceae to
583.478. (It was a RI entry, not in the schedule.) There is a
relocation of Aquifoliaceae to 583.982.
583.88 Santalales
Some families in the RI but not in the present Including
note are relocated to places other than 583.47:
Cardiopteridaceae to 583.982; Dipentodontaceae to
583.788; Medusandraceae to 583.44; (a synonym of
Cardiopteridaceae) to 583.982; Myzodendraceae is now
called Misodendraceae – both forms should be EO in the RI
at 583.47.
583.89 Proteales
I can’t find ―Warataus‖ in any of my usual sources. I think
it might be a typo for ―Waratahs‖ – if so, it should be
deleted from the RI.
12
583.93 Gentianales
―Bog myrtle (buckbean)‖ and ―buckbeans‖ in the Including
note are Menyanthes trifoliata, in the family
Menyanthaceae, which APG puts into Asterales, so family
and species are relocated to 583.99.
583.94 Garryales and miscellaneous families of euasterids I
Convolvulaceae are relocated to 583.95. Polemoniaceae
are relocated to 583.97.
583.95 Solanales
Acanthaceae, Bignoniaceae, Buddlejaceae are relocated to
583.96. Columelliaceae are relocated to 583.985.
Gesneriaceae, Globulariaceae are relocated to 583.96.
Hydrostachyaceae are relocated to 583.972.
Lentibulariaceae, Martyniaceae, Myoporaceae, are
relocated to 583.96. Nolanaceae are expanded to 583.952
(where I put them in the variant-name note, since the term
is now a synonym of Solanaceae). Orobanchaceae,
Pedaliaceae, Plantaginaceae are relocated to 583.96.
Polemoniaceae are relocated to 583.97. Retziaceae,
Trapellaceae are relocated to 583.96.
The RI entry for Personales should either be deleted, or
moved as an EO entry to 583.96.
583.98 Euasterids II
This is immediate reuse of a number: none on the families
in Campanulales remain here. Sphenocleaceae are
relocated to 583.95.
584 Monocots
I’ve taken ―commelinids‖ out of the caption, since they are
monocots.
584.32 Liliales
I’ve moved comprehensive works on lilies to here from
584.3. The first three definitions of ―lily‖ in Webster's
Third New International Dictionary are for members of the
genus Lilium, the family Liliaceae and the order Liliales, all
of which are now here.
Aloes, day lilies are relocated to 584.35. Hostas (plantain
lilies) are relocated to 584.352. Bluebells, hyacinths,
lily of the valley are relocated to 584.355
584.35 Asparagales
Petermanniaceae, Philesiaceae are relocated to 584.32.
Philydraceae, Pontederiaceae are relocated to 584.86.
Stemonaceae relocated to 584.6 (this was shown at 584.6).
Taccaceae relocated to 584.69.
584.3501-584.3509 Standard subdivisions
These numbers are now valid.
584.353 Alstroemeriaceae
What is the ―box lily‖? Apparently the Norwegian
translators had a problem with it, as can be seen in the
discussion on the NARGS Forum at
http://nargs.org/smf/index.php?topic=1249.0 – I have
dropped it from the relocated Including note.
584.355 Asparagaceae
Changed Ruscaceae to Nolinoideae (it’s now a subfamily of
Asparagaceae).
584.357 Dioscoreaceae (Yam family)
Relocated to 584.69. (This was implicit at 584.69.)
584.38 Iridaceae
Burmanniaceae are relocated to 584.69.
584.7 Alismatales, Acorales, Petrosaviales
I was wrong: ―Alismidae‖ is found in Takhtajan (1969), and
in Britannica, v. 13, p. 659 (it’s not in the index to
Britannica, because it doesn’t index anything in v. 13, pp.
628-664, making it very hard to look things up in the
taxonomy). However, Takhtajan (1997) has ―Alismatidae‖.
574.74 Other families of Alismatales
I’ve changed the caption here because listing all the
families is unwieldy here.
I think ―Zanichelliaceae‖ is a typo for ―Zannichelliaceae‖,
which is a synonym of Potamogetonaceae.
584.8 Commelinids
Restionales is deprecated, with three families
(Centrolepidaceae, Flagellariaceae and Restionaceae) now
belonging to 584.9 Poales, and Hanguanaceae belonging to
Commelinales.
REFERENCES
Britannica: The New Encyclopædia Britannica. 15th
edition. (Especially the annotated classification of
angiosperms, v. 13, pp. 628-664.) (The copy I was using
was the 1987 printing.)
Cuénoud et al. (2001): Philippe Cuénoud, Vincent
Savolainen, Lars W. Chatrou, Martyn Powell, Renée J.
Grayer, and Mark W. Chase. "Molecular phylogenetics of
Caryophyllales based on nuclear 18S rDNA and plastid
rbcL, atpB, and matK DNA sequences", American Journal
of Botany 89 (1): 132.
(http://www.amjbot.org/content/89/1/132.full.pdf+html )
Takhtajan (1969): Armen Takhtajan. Flowering plants,
origin and dispersal. Edinburgh: Oliver and Boyd.
Takhtajan (1997): Armen Takhtajan. Diversity and
classification of flowering plants. New York: Columbia
University Press.
Zhang et al. (2011): Shu-dong Zhang, Douglas E. Soltis,
Yang Yang, De-zhu Li, and Ting-shuang Yi. "Multi-gene
analysis provides a well-supported phylogeny of Rosales".
Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 60(1):21-28. (
http://ir.kib.ac.cn:8080/bitstream/151853/11247/1/2011090
70014.PDF )
13
Bare bones version of proposed development
583 *Eudicots, magnoliids, Ceratophyllales, basal angiosperms
For monocots, see 584
.2 *Magnoliids, Ceratophyllales, basal angiosperms
> 583.22–583.25 Magnoliids
Class comprehensive works in 583.2
.22 *Magnoliales
.23 *Laurales
Including comprehensive works on laurels
For laurels of Ericaceae family, see 583.975; for spurge laurel, see 583.68;
for hedge laurel, see 583.988
.24 *Canellales
.25 *Piperales
.28 *Ceratophyllales
.29 *Basal angiosperms
.292 *Amborellales
.294 *Nymphaeales
.296 *Austrobaileyales
.298 *Chloranthales
> 583.3–583.9 Eudicots
Class comprehensive works in 583
.3 *Ranunculales, Sabiaceae, Proteales, Trochodendrales, Buxales
.34 *Ranunculales (Ranales)
For Papaveraceae, Fumariaceae, Pteridophyllaceae, see 583.35
.35 *Papaveraceae, Fumariaceae, Pteridophyllaceae
.37 *Sabiaceae
.38 *Proteales
.39 *Trochodendrales and Buxales
.393 *Trochodendrales
.395 *Buxales
> 583.4–583.9 Core eudicots
Class comprehensive works in 583
14
.4 *Fagales and miscellaneous core eudicots
.42 *Gunnerales
.43 *Dilleniaceae
.44 *Saxifragales
.46 *Fagales
Including comprehensive works on ironwoods
For ironwoods of a specific order or family other then Fagales, see the order
or family, e.g., ironwoods of family Rhamnaceae 583.73
.47 *Santalales and Berberidopsidales
.478 *Berberidopsidales
.5 *Caryophyllales
.53 *Caryophyllaceae and related families
.56 *Cactaceae (Cactus family)
.57 *Polygonaceae (Buckwheat family)
.58 *Nepenthaceae and related families
Including comprehensive works on pitcher plants
Class here comprehensive works on carnivorous plants
For Cephalotaceae, see 583.825; for Byblidaceae,,Lentibulariaceae, see
583.96; for Sarraceniaceae (New World pitcher plants), see 583.975
.6 *Cucurbitales, Brassicales, Malvales
.63 *Cucurbitales
.64 *Brassicales
.68 *Malvales
.685 *Malvaceae (Mallow family)
.7 *Rosids
For Fagales, see 583.46; for Cucurbitales, Brassicales, Malvales, see 583.6; for
other orders of rosids, see 583.8
.73 *Rosales
.734 *Rosa (Roses)
15
.738 *Urticaceae (Nettle family), Cannabaceae (Hemp family), Moraceae (Mulberry
family), Ulmaceae (Elm family)
Including comprehensive works on hemps
For hemps of a specific family other than Cannabaceae, see the family,
e.g., aloe and sisil hemps 584.352
.74 *Fabales (Leguminales)
.748 *Mimosoideae (Mimosa subfamily)
.749 *Caesalpinioideae (Senna subfamily)
.76 *Myrtales
.763 *Duabanga and Sonneratia
Class here comprehensive works on mangroves
For mangroves of family Rhizophoraceae, see 583.83; for mangroves of
family Verbenaceae, see 583.96; for mangrove of family Arecaceae (nipa
palm), see 584.5
.765 *Myrtaceae (Myrtle family)
Including comprehensive works on myrtles
For Eucalyptus, see 583.766. For myrtle of a specific family other than
Myrtaceae, see the family, e.g., Oregon myrtle 583.23, wax myrtle 583.46,
crape myrtle 583.76
.766 *Eucalyptus (Gum trees)
.78 *Crossosomatales, Huerteales, Picramniales, Sapindales
.782 *Crossosomatales
.786 *Sapindales
Including comprehensive works on balms
For balm of a specific family other than Burseraceae, see the family, e.g.,
bee balms 583.96
.788 *Huerteales
.79 *Geraniales
.8 Other orders of rosids
.82 *Oxalidales and Zygophyllales
.822 *Zygophyllales
.825 *Oxalidales
.83 *Malpighiales
.85 *Celastrales
16
.86 *Vitales
.87 *Oleales
.9 *Asterids
.92 *Dipsacales
> 583.93–583.96 Euasterids I
Class comprehensive works in 583.9
.93 *Gentianales
.94 *Garryales and miscellaneous families of euasterids I
.942 *Garryales
.95 *Solanales
.952 *Solanaceae
Including comprehensive works on peppers
For pepper of Piperaceae family, see 583.25
.96 *Lamiales
.97 *Cornales and Ericales
.972 *Cornales
.975 *Ericales
.98 *Euasterids II
For Dipsacales, see 583.92; for Asterales, see 583.99
.982 *Aquifoliales
.984 *Escalloniales
.985 *Bruniales
.986 *Paracryphiales
.988 *Apiales
Including comprehensive works on ivies
For ivies of a specific family other than Araliaceae, see the family, e.g.,
poison ivies 583.786
.988 2 *Apiaceae
.99 *Asterales
17
584 *Monocots
.3 *Liliales, Asparagales, Zingiberales
.32 *Liliales
Class here comprehensive works on lilies
For a specific lily not provided for here , see the lily, e.g., African lilies
584.33, Velloziaceae (tree lily family) 584.6, calla lilies 584.724
.322 *Liliaceae (Lily family)
.324 *Alstroemeriaceae
.326 *Smilacaceae
.33 *Allioideae
.34 *Amaryllidaceae (Amaryllis family)
For Allioideae, see 584.33
.35 *Asparagales
For Amaryllidaceae (amaryllis family), see 584.34; for Iridaceae (iris family),
see 584.38; for Orchidaceae (orchid family), see 584.4
.352 *Agavoideae
.354 *Hypoxidaceae
.355 *Asparagaceae
For Agavoideae, see 584.352
.38 *Iridaceae (iris family)
.39 *Zingiberales
.4 *Orchidaceae (orchid family)
.5 *Arecales (Palmales)
.6 *Pandanales and Dioscoreales
.62 *Cyclanthaceae
.66 *Pandanaceae (Hala family)
.69 *Dioscoreales
.7 *Alismatales (Alismales), Acorales, Petrosaviales
> 584.72–584.74 Alismatales (Alismales)
Class comprehensive works on Alismatales (Alismales) in 584.7
.72 *Araceae, Alismataceae (Alismaceae, Limnocharitaceae, water plantain family),
Butomaceae (Water poppy family), Tofieldiaceae
.724 *Araceae (Arum family)
18
.73 *Hydrocharitaceae (Frogbit family)
.74 *Other families of Alismatales
.742 *Potamogetonaceae (Zannichelliaceae, pondweed family)
.78 *Acorales
.79 *Petrosaviales
.8 *Commelinids
For Arecales (Palmales), see 584.5; for Poales, see 584.9
.82 *Juncaceae (Rush family) and Thurniaceae
Class here comprehensive works on rushes
For rushes of sedge family, see 584.84; for rushes of cattail family, see 584.9
.84 *Cyperaceae (Sedge family)
Including comprehensive works on bulrushes
For bulrushes of cattail family, see 584.9
.85 *Bromeliaceae (Pineapple family)
.86 *Commelinales
.87 *Eriocaulaceae (Pipewort family)
.9 *Poales
For Juncaceae (rush family), Thurniaceae, see 584.82; for Cyperaceae (sedge
family), see 584.84; for Bromeliaceae (pineapple family), see 584.85; for
Eriocaulaceae (pipewort family), see 584.87
.92 *Poaceae (Gramineae)
.922 *Bambusoideae
.924 *Panicoideae
.926 *Pooideae
Biology 579
19
579–590
Taxonomic nomenclature and sources of information
Taxonomic nomenclature
The notes below mention several of the commonly recognized taxonomic levels usedin classifying organisms. The broadest is kingdom, followed (in order of increasingspecificity) by phylum or division, class, order, family, genus, species.
In the schedules for specific kinds of organisms, scientific terms are preferred in head-ings for taxonomic numbers below the kingdom level. If there is an alternative scientificname still in current use, it is given in the heading in parentheses following the preferredterm. If there are two or more alternative scientific names in current use, the preferredterm is given in the heading, and the alternative names are given in a variant-name note.For example, Mycetozoa, Myxomycetes, Myxomycophyta, Myxomycota are given asvariant names for Myxomycotina (slime molds) at 579.52. Most obsolete names havebeen dropped. If a common name is well established in the literature but does not havea clear-cut corresponding scientific term (or terms), the common name may be usedalone, e.g., 598.412–.415 Ducks.
A scientific name given in a class-here note is usually that of a subordinate taxon thatcomprises all or most of the members of the group in the heading. For example, under583.86 Vitales, the class here note gives Vitaceae (grape family), the only family in theorder.
Common names are linked to scientific names by parentheses when they are generallyunderstood to be exact equivalents. When two common names are linked to a scientif-ic name, a comma between them means that they are alternative common names, e.g.,“(doves, pigeons)“ after Columbidae in the class-here note at 598.65. An ”and“ meansthat the two groups with common names together comprise the scientific group, e.g.,”(poplars and aspens)“ after Populus in the including note at 583.83. Common namesthat simply refer to well-known members of a scientific class, however, are listed al-phabetically in an including note.
With plants (and occasionally with animals), the familiar name for families consists ofthe name of a typical member or members plus the word “family,” e.g., Ranunculaceae(buttercup family) at 583.34. The typical member may be a single species or a largegenus with hundreds of species, but seldom approximates the whole of the family. Clas-sifiers must not assume that if the family approximates the whole of an order, the typicalmembers do also.
An illustration of two terminology problems appears at 583.23 Laurales. The main fam-ily of this order is Lauraceae, the laurel family, which encompasses over 85 percent ofthe species of the order. The family is therefore given in a class here note, signifyingthat subdivisions can be added to the number for works on the family because it approx-imates the whole of the order.
Only a few species of the laurel family, however, are individually known as laurels,while several plants of other orders are also called laurels. Since it is useful to knowwhere to class comprehensive works on laurels, the including note reads, in part: “In-cluding ... comprehensive works on laurels.” Being listed in an including note meansthat laurels (even in its broadest sense encompassing all plants called laurels) do notapproximate the whole of the 2800 species in the order Laurales.
579 Manual on Use of Dewey Decimal Classification
20
Some large classes of organisms have two including notes, for classifier convenience.The first including note lists the scientific names of families or higher taxa and theircorresponding common names, the second the common names that do not correspondwith the given scientific names. Genera are listed with the common names because somany have become common names.
Sources of taxonomic information
Taxonomic schedules usually follow the arrangement accepted in The New Encyclopae-dia Britannica, 1989. Other works that often prove helpful are Synopsis and Classifica-tion of Living Organisms edited by Sybil P. Parker (McGraw-Hill, 1982), and Webster’sThird New International Dictionary.
See also discussion at 579.24–.25; also at 579.3; also at 599.
583–584
Classification and common names of angiosperms (Flowering plants)
The subdivisions of angiosperms (flowering plants) in 583–584 are defined by referenceto the article “An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for theorders and families of flowering plants: APG III” in Botanical Journal of the LinneanSociety 161 (2009): 105–121, but the basic outline from early editions of the DeweyDecimal Classification is retained.
Exercise caution in identifying orders and families of flowering plants by commonnames; many such names are used for plants in several unrelated taxonomic groups.Notes in the schedule linking the common names are not exhaustive.
583 vs. 582.13
Angiosperms (Flowering plants) vs. Plants noted for their flowers
Use 583 for works on the taxonomic group called “flowering plants,” as found in583–584. This group includes most plants that will be found in a typical vegetable gar-den. Use 582.13 for works largely limited to nondomesticated plants with attractiveflowers. These are the kind of plants that are found in nature, but that might also find aplace in flower gardens or flower books. If in doubt, prefer 583.
21
500
500 Natural sciences and mathematicsNatural sciences: sciences that deal with matter and energy, or with objects andprocesses observable in nature
Class here interdisciplinary works on natural and applied sciences
Class natural history in 508. Class scientific principles of a subject with the subject,plus notation 015 from Table 1, e.g., scientific principles of photography 770.15
For government policy on science, see 338.926; for applied sciences, see 600
See Manual at 231.7652 vs. 213, 500, 576.8; also at 338.926 vs. 352.745, 500;also at 500 vs. 001
SUMMARY
500.2–.8 [Physical sciences, space sciences, groups of people]501 Philosophy and theory502 Miscellany503–506 Standard subdivisions507 Education, research, related topics508 Natural history509 History, geographic treatment, biography
510 Mathematics.1 Philosophy and theory
511 General principles of mathematics512 Algebra513 Arithmetic514 Topology515 Analysis516 Geometry518 Numerical analysis519 Probabilities and applied mathematics
520 Astronomy and allied sciences521 Celestial mechanics522 Techniques, procedures, apparatus, equipment, materials523 Specific celestial bodies and phenomena525 Earth (Astronomical geography)526 Mathematical geography527 Celestial navigation528 Ephemerides529 Chronology
500 Dewey Decimal Classification 500
22
530 Physics.01–.09 Standard subdivisions.1–.8 [Theories, mathematical physics, states of matter, instrumentation,
measurement]531 Classical mechanics532 Fluid mechanics533 Pneumatics (Gas mechanics)534 Sound and related vibrations535 Light and related radiation536 Heat537 Electricity and electronics538 Magnetism539 Modern physics
540 Chemistry and allied sciences.1–.9 Standard subdivisions
541 Physical chemistry542 Techniques, procedures, apparatus, equipment, materials543 Analytical chemistry546 Inorganic chemistry547 Organic chemistry548 Crystallography549 Mineralogy
550 Earth sciences551 Geology, hydrology, meteorology552 Petrology553 Economic geology554–559 Earth sciences by specific continents, countries, localities in modern world;
extraterrestrial worlds
560 Paleontology.1–.9 Standard subdivisions; stratigraphic paleontology; special topics of
paleontology and paleozoology561 Paleobotany; fossil microorganisms562 Fossil invertebrates563 Miscellaneous fossil marine and seashore invertebrates564 Fossil Mollusca and Molluscoidea565 Fossil Arthropoda566 Fossil Chordata567 Fossil cold-blooded vertebrates568 Fossil Aves (birds)569 Fossil Mammalia
570 Biology.1–.9 Standard subdivisions
571 Physiology and related subjects572 Biochemistry573 Specific physiological systems in animals, regional histology and physiology
in animals575 Specific parts of and physiological systems in plants576 Genetics and evolution577 Ecology578 Natural history of organisms and related subjects579 Natural history of microorganisms, fungi, algae
500 Natural sciences and mathematics 500
23
580 Plants.1–.9 Standard subdivisions
581 Specific topics in natural history of plants582 Plants noted for specific vegetative characteristics and flowers583 Eudicots, magnoliids, Ceratophyllales, basal angiosperms584 Monocots585 Pinophyta (Gymnosperms)586 Cryptogamia (Seedless plants)587 Pteridophyta588 Bryophyta
590 Animals.1–.9 Standard subdivisions
591 Specific topics in natural history of animals592 Invertebrates593 Miscellaneous marine and seashore invertebrates594 Mollusca and Molluscoidea595 Arthropoda596 Chordata597 Cold-blooded vertebrates598 Aves (Birds)599 Mammalia (Mammals)
561 Paleobotany; fossil microorganismsStandard subdivisions are added for paleobotany and fossil microorganismstogether, for paleobotany alone
Including plantlike fossils of uncertain taxonomic position
Class here fossil Spermatophyta, Angiospermae; taxonomic paleobotany
Class fernlike fossils of uncertain taxonomic position in 561.597
> 561.3–561.9 Specific plants and groups of plants
Class comprehensive works in 561
.3 Fossil eudicots, fossil magnoliids, fossil Ceratophyllales, fossil basalangiosperms
Former heading: Fossil Magnoliopsida (dicotyledons)
Class here fossil angiosperms (flowering plants), fossil core eudicots
For fossil monocots, see 581.4
.4 Fossil monocots
Former heading: Fossil Liliopsida (monocotyledons)
571 Physiology and related subjectsStandard subdivisions are added for physiology and related subjects, for physiologyalone
Class here comprehensive works on internal biological processes
For biochemistry, see 572; for specific physiological systems in animals,regional histology and physiology in animals, see 573; for specific parts of andphysiological systems in plants, see 575; for genetics, see 576.5
See Manual at 571–575 vs. 630
571 Dewey Decimal Classification 571
24
.2 Plants and microorganisms
Standard subdivisions are added for plants and microorganisms together, forplants alone
Class here comparative physiology of plants and microorganisms, physiology ofagricultural plants
Class comprehensive works on plants in 580
.21–.28 Specific kinds of plants
Add to base number 571.2 the numbers following 58 in 581–588, e.g.,aquatic plants 571.2176, monocots 571.24
For physiology of fungi, see 571.295; for physiology of algae, see571.298
575 Specific parts of and physiological systems in plantsExcept for modifications shown under specific entries, add to each subdivisionidentified by † as follows:
2 Specific kinds of plantsClass here comparative physiology, evolution of the part or systemAdd to 2 the numbers following 58 in 581–588, e.g., monocots 24
For physiological systems in fungi and algae, see 571; for specificparts of fungi and algae, see 571.5929
For external description of parts and organs and their configurations, see 581.4
> 575.6–575.9 Reproductive organs and physiological systems in plants
Except for modifications shown under specific entries, add to each subdivisionidentified by * as follows:
2–3 Specific kinds of plants; generalities of organs and systemsAdd as instructed under 575, e.g., the organ or process in monocots24, histology 35
42 Biochemistry in specific kinds of plantsAdd to 42 the numbers following 58 in 581–588, e.g.,biochemistry of the organ or process in monocots 42
Class comprehensive works in 571.2
.9 *Animal-like physiological processes
Class here behavior of plants
.99 *Physiology of predatory activity
Trapping mobile organisms
Class comprehensive works on carnivorous plants in 583.58
*
*Add as instructed under 575.6–575.9
577 Natural sciences and mathematics 577
25
577 EcologyIncluding ecotones
Class here biomes, ecosystems, terrestrial ecology
Except for modifications shown under specific entries, add to each subdivisionidentified by * as follows:
Unless other instructions are given, class a subject with aspects in two or moresubdivisions of 577 in the number coming last, e.g., grassland swamps 577.684(not 577.4)
For paleoecology, see 560.45; for ecology of microorganisms, fungi, algae, see579.17; for plant ecology, see 581.7; for animal ecology, see 591.7
See Manual at 333.7–333.9 vs. 363.1, 363.73, 577; also at 577.3–577.7 vs.578.73–578.77
.8 Synecology and population biology
Standard subdivisions are added for synecology and population biologytogether, for synecology alone
Class here ecological aspects of sociobiology, animal-plant relationships
Except for modifications shown under specific entries, add to each subdivisionidentified by † as follows:
Class ecological succession in 577.18; class rhizosphere in 577.57; classbehavioral aspects of sociobiology in 591.5; class predation in 591.53; classcomprehensive works on synecology of a specific environment in 577.3–577.7;class interdisciplinary works on sociobiology in 304.5. Class a generalrelationship between a small taxonomic group and a larger taxonomic groupwith the smaller group, e.g., plant-microbial relationships 579.178 (not 581.78),relationships between mushrooms and eudicots 579.6178 (not 583.178),between ferns and flowering plants 587.3178 (not 583.178)
580 PlantsClass here botany; Embryophyta, vascular plants (tracheophytes), Spermatophyta(seed plants); natural history of plants; descriptive biology of plants; taxonomicbiology of plants; comprehensive works on biology of plants; interdisciplinaryworks on plants
Class angiosperms (flowering plants) in 583; class interdisciplinary works onplants of agricultural importance in 630; class interdisciplinary works on food fromplants in 641.303
For paleobotany, see 561; for internal biological processes and structuresof plants, see 571.2; for fungi, see 579.5; for algae, see 579.8. For a specificaspect of plants, see the aspect, e.g., plant cultivation 631.5
See Manual at 363 vs. 302–307, 333.7, 570–590, 600; also at 577.3–577.7vs. 579–590; also at 579–590; also at 579–590 vs. 571–575; also at 630 vs.579–590, 641.3
580 Dewey Decimal Classification 580
26
SUMMARY
580.1–.9 Standard subdivisions581 Specific topics in natural history of plants582 Plants noted for specific vegetative characteristics and flowers583 Eudicots, magnoliids, Ceratophyllales, basal angiosperms584 Monocots585 Pinophyta (Gymnosperms)586 Cryptogamia (Seedless plants)587 Pteridophyta588 Bryophyta
581 Specific topics in natural history of plantsClass here specific nontaxonomic kinds of plants
Except for modifications shown under specific entries, add to each subdivisionidentified by † as follows:
01–08 Standard subdivisionsNotation from Table 1 as modified under 580.1–580.8, e.g.,preservation of botanical specimens 0752
09 History, geographic treatment, biographyUnless other instructions are given, observe the following table of preference, e.g.,beneficial aquatic plants 581.63 (not 581.76):
Miscellaneous nontaxonomic kinds of plants 581.6Adaptation 581.4Genetics, evolution, age characteristics 581.3Plant ecology, plants characteristic of specific
environments 581.7Plants by specific continents, countries, localities 581.9
Class a specific topic in natural history of plants with respect to a specifictaxonomic group with the group, plus notation 1 from table under 583–588, e.g.,useful monocots 584.163
For plants noted for specific vegetative characteristics and flowers, see 582
.6 †Miscellaneous nontaxonomic kinds of plants
Not provided for elsewhere
Class here economic botany
Class comprehensive works on carnivorous plants in 583.58
582 Plants noted for specific vegetative characteristics andflowers
Class genetics and evolution, adaptation and parts other than flowers,miscellaneous kinds of plants noted for vegetative characteristics and flowers in581
For a specific taxonomic group of plants noted for either specific vegetativecharacteristics or flowers, see the group in 583–588, e.g., lilies noted for theirflowers 584.32
†
†Add standard subdivisions as instructed under 581
582 Plants 582
27
.13 ‡Plants noted for their flowers
Class here wild flowers, interdisciplinary works on flowers
Class woody plants noted for their flowers in 582.16; class vines notedfor their flowers in 582.18; class comprehensive works on angiosperms(flowering plants) in 583
For physiology of flowers, see 575.6. For a specific aspect of flowers, seethe aspect, e.g., flower gardening 635.9, flower arrangement 745.92
See Manual at 583 vs. 582.13
> 583–588 Specific taxonomic groups of plantsExcept for modifications shown under specific entries, add to each subdivisionidentified by * as follows:
Class comprehensive works in 580
583 *Eudicots, magnoliids, Ceratophyllales, basal angiospermsFormer heading: Magnoliopsida (Dicotyledons)
Subdivisions are added for eudicots, magnoliids, Ceratophyllales, basalangiosperms together; for eudicots alone
Class here angiosperms (flowering plants), core eudicots
For monocots, see 584
See Manual at 583–585 vs. 600; also at 583–584; also at 583 vs. 582.13
SUMMARY
583.2 Magnoliids, Ceratophyllales, basal angiosperms.3 Ranunculales, Sabiaceae, Proteales, Trochodendrales, Buxales.4 Miscellaneous core eudicots.5 Caryophyllales.6 Cucurbitales, Brassicales, Malvales.7 Rosids.8 Other orders of rosids.9 Asterids
.2 *Magnoliids, Ceratophyllales, basal angiosperms
Former heading: Magnoliidae
Subdivisions are added for magnoliids, Ceratophyllales, basal angiospermstogether; for magnoliids alone
Cytinaceae relocated to 583.68; Rafflesiaceae relocated to 583.83
> 583.22–583.25 Magnoliids
Class comprehensive works in 583.2
*
*Add as instructed under 583–588‡
‡Add as instructed under 582.1
583 Dewey Decimal Classification 583
28
.22 *Magnoliales
Including Magnoliaceae (magnolia family), Annonaceae (custard applefamily), Myristicaceae (nutmeg family)
Including cherimoya, cucumber tree, lancewoods, mace, michelias, papaws,tulip tree (yellow poplar)
See also 583.64 for papaws of family Caricaceae
Canellaceae, Winteraceae (winter’s bark family), wild cinnamon relocated to583.24
.23 *Laurales
Including Hernandiaceae, Monimiaceae
Including avocados, cinnamon, Oregon myrtle (California laurel), sassafras,sweet bay (bay laurel); comprehensive works on laurels
Class here Lauraceae (laurel family)
Class comprehensive works on myrtles in 583.765
For spurge laurel, see 583.68; for laurels of Ericaceae family, see583.975; for hedge laurel, see 583.988
See Manual at 579–590
Amborellaceae relocated to 583.292; Austrobaileyaceae relocated to583.296; Chloranthaceae relocated to 583.298
.24 *Canellales
Including Canellaceae, Winteraceae (winter’s bark family) [both formerly583.22]
Including wild cinnamon [formerly 583.22]
.25 *Piperales
Including Aristolochiaceae (birthwort family) [formerly 583.26],Saururaceae (lizard’s-tail family); black pepper, peperomias
Aristolochiaceae are sometimes classed as Aristolochiales [formerly 583.26]
Class here Piperaceae (pepper family)
Class comprehensive works on peppers in 583.952
[.26] Aristolochiaceae (Birthwort family)
Former heading: Aristolochiales
Relocated to 583.25
.28 *Ceratophyllales
Class here Ceratophyllaceae (hornworts) [formerly 583.29]
See also 588.3 for hornworts of subclass Anthocerotidae (hornedliverworts)
*
*Add as instructed under 583–588
583 Plants 583
29
.29 *Basal angiosperms
Ceratophyllaceae (hornworts) relocated to 583.28
.292 *Amborellales
Class here Amborellaceae [formerly 583.23]
.294 *Nymphaeales
Including Cabombaceae, Hydatellaceae, Nymphaeaceae (water lilies)
Class Nelumbonaceae (lotuses) in 583.38
.296 *Austrobaileyales
Including Austrobaileyaceae [formerly 583.23], Illiciaceae,Schisandraceae [both formerly 583.3], Trimeniaceae
Including magnolia vine, star anise [both formerly 583.3]
.298 *Chloranthales
Class here Chloranthaceae [formerly 583.23]
> 583.3–583.9 Eudicots
Class comprehensive works in 583
.3 *Ranunculales, Sabiaceae, Proteales, Trochodendrales, Buxales
Former heading: Ranunculidae
Illiciaceae, Schisandraceae, magnolia vine, star anise relocated to 583.296
.34 *Ranunculales (Ranales)
Including Eupteleaceae [formerly 583.43], Ranunculaceae (buttercupfamily), Berberidaceae (barberry family), Menispermaceae (moonseedfamily), Podophyllaceae
Including aconites, anemones, Christmas rose, clematises, columbines,delphiniums (larkspurs), hellebores, lesser celandine, mayapple (mayflower,mandrake), monkshoods (wolfsbanes)
For Papaveraceae, Fumariaceae, Pteridophyllaceae, see 583.35
See also 583.952 for mandrakes of family Solanaceae
*
*Add as instructed under 583–588
583 Dewey Decimal Classification 583
30
.35 *Papaveraceae, Fumariaceae, Pteridophyllaceae
Former heading: Papaverales (Rhoeadales)
Variant name for Papaveraceae: poppy family
Variant name for Fumariaceae: fumitory family
Including bleeding hearts, bloodroot, celandines, Dutchman’s breeches
Class Moringaceae in 583.64
See also 583.34 for lesser celandine
[.36] Sarraceniaceae (New World pitcher plant family)
Former heading: Sarraceniales
Relocated to 583.975
.37 *Sabiaceae [formerly 583.78]
.38 *Proteales [formerly 583.89]
Including Platanaceae (sycamore family) [formerly 583.44], Nelumbonaceae(lotuses)
Including plane trees [formerly 583.44], banksias, grevilleas, hakeas,macadamias, Persoonia, proteas, Telopea (waratahs) [all formerly 583.89]
Class here Proteaceae
.39 *Trochodendrales and Buxales
.393 *Trochodendrales [formerly 583.43]
.395 *Buxales
Including Didymelaceae [formerly 583.43], Buxaceae (boxwood family)[formerly 583.69]
> 583.4–583.9 Core eudicots
Class comprehensive works in 583
.4 *Miscellaneous core eudicots
Former heading: Hamamelididae
Only those provided for below
.42 *Gunnerales
Including Myrothamnaceae [formerly 583.44], Gunneraceae [formerly583.82]
Including gunneras [formerly 583.82]
*
*Add as instructed under 583–588
583 Plants 583
31
.43 *Dilleniaceae [formerly 583.62]
Former heading: Minor orders of Hamamelididae
Eupteleaceae relocated to 583.34; Trochodendrales relocated to 583.393;Didymelaceae relocated to 583.395; Cercidiphyllaceae (katsura trees)relocated to 583.44; Casuarinaceae (beefwoods), Myricaceae (waxmyrtles), bayberries, candleberry, sweet gale (bog myrtle) relocated to583.46; Barbeyaceae relocated to 583.73; Leitneria relocated to 583.786;Balanopaceae relocated to 583.83; Eucommiaceae relocated to 583.942
.44 *Saxifragales [formerly 583.72]
Former heading: Hamamelidales
Including Cercidiphyllaceae (katsura trees) [formerly 583.43], Paeoniaceae(peony family) [formerly 583.62], Peridiscaceae [formerly 583.625],Saxifragaceae (saxifrage family), Crassulaceae, Grossulariaceae (gooseberryfamily) [all formerly 583.72], Medusandraceae [formerly 583.88],Hamamelidaceae (witch hazel family)
Including currants, houseleeks (live-forevers), pickaback plants, Ribes,stonecrops (orpines, sedums), Virginia willow [all formerly 583.72], sweetgums
Platanaceae (sycamore family), plane trees relocated to 583.38;Myrothamnaceae relocated to 583.42
[.45] Urticaceae (Nettle family), Cannabaceae (Hemp family), Moraceae(Mulberry family), Ulmaceae (Elm family)
Former heading: Urticales
Relocated to 583.738
.46 *Fagales
Including Casuarinaceae (beefwoods), Myricaceae (wax myrtles) [bothformerly 583.43], Betulaceae (birch family) [formerly 583.48], Juglandaceae(walnut family) [formerly 583.49], Castaneoideae (chestnuts), Fagoideae(beeches), Quercoideae (oaks)
Casuarinaceae are sometimes classed as Casuarinales [formerly 583.43];Myricaceae are sometimes classed as Myricales [formerly 583.43];Betulaceae are sometimes classed as Betulales [formerly 583.48];Juglandaceae are sometimes classed as Juglandales [formerly 583.49]
Including bayberries, candleberry, sweet gale (bog myrtle) [all formerly583.43], alders, filberts (hazelnuts), hornbeams, comprehensive works onironwoods [all formerly 583.48], butternuts, hickories, pecans [all formerly583.49], chinquapin, cork oak
Class here Fagaceae
Class Jamaica bayberry, comprehensive works on myrtles in 583.765
For ironwoods of a specific order or family other then Fagales, see theorder or family, e.g., ironwoods of family Rhamnaceae 583.73
See also 583.99 for bog myrtle (buckbean)
*
*Add as instructed under 583–588
583 Dewey Decimal Classification 583
32
.47 *Santalales [formerly 583.88] and Berberidopsidales
Subdivisions are added for Santalales and Berberidopsidales together, forSantalales alone
Including Santalaceae (sandalwood family), Balanophoraceae, Loranthaceae(mistletoe family), Olacaceae, Opiliaceae, Viscaceae [all formerly 583.88]
.478 *Berberidopsidales
Including Aextoxicaceae [formerly 583.85]
[.48] Betulaceae (Birch family)
Former heading: Betulales
Relocated to 583.46
[.49] Juglandaceae (Walnut family)
Former heading: Juglandales
Relocated to 583.46
.5 *Caryophyllales
Former heading: Caryophyllidae
Variant name: Centrospermae
Including Asteropeiaceae [formerly 583.624], Frankeniaceae, Tamaricaceae(tamarisk family) [both formerly 583.628], Anacampserotaceae, Limeaceae,Plumbaginaceae (leadwort family)
Including alkali heath [formerly 583.628], sea lavenders, thrifts
Theligonum (Cynocrambe) relocated to 583.93
.53 *Caryophyllaceae and related families
Former heading: Caryophyllales
Including Achatocarpaceae, Aizoaceae (carpetweed family), Amaranthaceae(amaranth family), Barbeuiaceae, Basellaceae, Chenopodiaceae (goosefootfamily), Didiereaceae, Molluginaceae, Nyctaginaceae, Phytolaccaceae(pokeweed family), Portulacaceae (purslane family), Stegnospermataceae
Including beets, bougainvilleas, carnations, four-o’clock, ice plants (seafigs), lithops (living stones), Madeira vine, pinks, spinach
.56 *Cactaceae (Cactus family)
Former heading: Cactales
.57 *Polygonaceae (Buckwheat family)
Former heading: Polygonales
Including dock, rhubarbs, sorrel
*
*Add as instructed under 583–588
583 Plants 583
33
.58 *Nepenthaceae and related families
Including Ancistrocladaceae, Dioncophyllaceae [both formerly 583.624],Droseraceae (sundew family) [formerly 583.75], Drosophyllaceae,Triphyophyllaceae
Nepenthaceae and Droseraceae are sometimes classed as Nepenthales[formerly 583.75]
Including Old World pitcher plant family, Venus’s flytrap; comprehensiveworks on pitcher plants [all formerly 583.75]
Class here comprehensive works on carnivorous plants [formerly 583.75]
For Cephalotaceae, see 583.825; for Byblidaceae, Lentibulariaceae, see583.96; for Sarraceniaceae (New World pitcher plants), see 583.975
.6 *Cucurbitales, Brassicales, Malvales
Former heading: Dilleniidae
[.62] Miscellaneous orders of Dilleniidae
Dilleniaceae relocated to 583.43; Paeoniaceae (peony family) relocated to583.44; Crossosomataceae relocated to 583.782
[.624] Theales
Asteropeiaceae relocated to 583.5; Ancistrocladaceae, Dioncophyllaceaerelocated to 583.58; Diegodendraceae, Dipterocarpaceae relocatedto 583.68; Strasburgeriaceae relocated to 583.782; Bonnetiaceae,Caryocaraceae, Clusiaceae (Guttiferae), Elatinaceae, Hypericaceae,Lophiraceae, Medusagynaceae, Ochnaceae, Quiinaceae, garcinias,mammee apple, mangosteen relocated to 583.83; Oncothecaceaerelocated to 583.94; Marcgraviaceae, Pellicieraceae, Pentaphylacaceae,Tetrameristaceae, Theaceae (Ternstroemiaceae, tea family), camellias,Stewartia relocated to 583.975
[.625] Violales
Peridiscaceae relocated to 583.44; Bixaceae (annatto tree), Cistaceae(rockrose family), Cochlospermaceae relocated to 583.68; Stachyuraceaerelocated to 583.782; Flacourtiaceae, Lacistemataceae, Scyphostegiaceae,Violaceae (violet family), pansies relocated to 583.83
[.626] Passiflorales
Caricaceae (papaya family), papaws relocated to 583.64; Achariaceae,Malesherbiaceae, Passifloraceae (passionflower family), Turneraceae,granadillas, maypop relocated to 583.83
[.627] Begoniaceae and Datiscaceae
Former heading: Begoniales
Relocated to 583.63
[.628] Tamaricales
Frankeniaceae, Tamaricaceae (tamarisk family), alkali heath relocated to583.5; Fouquieriaceae (candlewood family), ocotillo relocated to 583.975
*
*Add as instructed under 583–588
583 Dewey Decimal Classification 583
34
.63 *Cucurbitales
Including Begoniaceae, Datiscaceae [both formerly 583.627],Anisophylleaceae [formerly 583.76], Coriariaceae [formerly 583.77]
Begoniaceae and Datiscaceae are sometimes classed as Begoniales [formerly583.627]
Including begonias [formerly 583.627], cucumbers, melons, pepos,pumpkins, squashes, watermelons
Class here Cucurbitaceae (gourd family)
.64 *Brassicales
Former heading: Capparales
Including Caricaceae (papaya family) [formerly 583.626], Tropaeolaceae(nasturtium family) [formerly 583.79], Capparaceae (caper family),Moringaceae, Resedaceae (mignonette family)
Including papaws [formerly 583.626], Brazilian spiderflowers [formerly583.766], alyssums, cabbages, candytufts, cresses, crucifixion thorns,Nasturtium genus, radishes, rapes, rutabagas, shepherd’s purse,spiderflowers, stocks (Matthiola), turnips, wallflowers, watercresses
Class here Brassicaceae (Cruciferae, mustard family)
See also 583.22 for papaws of family Annonaceae; also 584.724 forskunk cabbages
[.65] Salicaceae (Willow family)
Former heading: Salicales
Relocated to 583.83
[.66] Ericales
Relocated to 583.975
[.67] Ebenales, Primulales, Diapensiales, Thymelaeales (Mezereum order)
Thymelaeaceae (mezereum family), daphnes, spurge laurel relocated to583.68; Diapensiaceae, galax relocated to 583.975
[.674] Ebenaceae (Ebony family), Sapotaceae, Styracaceae (Storax family),Symplocaceae (Sweetleaf family)
Former heading: Ebenales
Relocated to 583.975
[.675] Primulaceae (Primrose family), Myrsinaceae, Theophrastaceae
Former heading: Primulales
Relocated to 583.975
*
*Add as instructed under 583–588
583 Plants 583
35
.68 *Malvales
Including Cytinaceae [formerly 583.2], Diegodendraceae, Dipterocarpaceae[formerly 583.624], Bixaceae (annatto tree), Cistaceae (rockrose family),Cochlospermaceae [formerly 583.625], Thymelaeaceae (mezereum family)[formerly 583.67], Elaeocarpaceae, Sphaerosepalaceae
Thymelaeaceae are sometimes classed as Thymelaeales [formerly 583.67]
Including daphnes, spurge laurel [both formerly 583.67]
.685 *Malvaceae (Mallow family)
Including Bombacaceae (silk cotton tree family)
Including balsa, baobabs, basswood, cacao, cotton, hibiscuses, hollyhock,jute, kapok, kola nuts, okra, rose of Sharon, Sterculia, Tilia (lindens, limetrees)
Sterculia is sometimes classed as Sterculiaceae; Tilia is sometimesclassed as Tiliaceae
[.69] Euphorbiales
Buxaceae (boxwood family) relocated to 583.395; Dichapetalaceae,Euphorbiaceae (spurge family), cassavas (maniocs), castor-oil plant,copperleaves, crotons, crown of thorns, heveas, manchineels, mercuries,poinsettias, rubber tree, snow-on-the-mountain, tallow tree, tung treerelocated to 583.83
.7 *Rosids
Former heading: Rosidae
Including Fabidae (eurosids I), Malvidae (eurosids II)
Class here eurosids
For Fagales, see 583.46; for Cucurbitales, Brassicales, Malvales, see 583.6;for other orders of rosids, see 583.8
[.72] Saxifragales
Saxifragales, Saxifragaceae (saxifrage family), Crassulaceae,Grossulariaceae (gooseberry family), currants, houseleeks (live-forevers),pickaback plants, Ribes, stonecrops (orpines, sedums), Virginia willowrelocated to 583.44; Francoaceae relocated to 583.79; Brunelliaceae,Cephalotaceae, Cunoniaceae relocated to 583.825; Parnassiaceae and brexiasrelocated to 583.85; Vahliaceae relocated to 583.94; Byblidaceae relocatedto 583.96; Hydrangeaceae (hydrangea family), deutzias, mock oranges(syringas) relocated to 583.972; Escalloniaceae and escallonias relocatedto 583.984; Bruniaceae relocated to 583.985; Paracryphiaceae relocated to583.986; Pittosporaceae (hedge laurel family) relocated to 583.988
*
*Add as instructed under 583–588
583 Dewey Decimal Classification 583
36
.73 *Rosales
Including Barbeyaceae [formerly 583.43], Elaeagnaceae (oleaster family)[formerly 583.82], Rhamnaceae (buckthorn family) [formerly 583.86],Chrysobalanaceae
Elaeagnaceae are sometimes classed as Elaeagnales [formerly 583.82]
Including ironwoods, jujubes [formerly 583.86], almonds, apples, apricots,blackberries, cane fruits, cherries, chokeberries, cinquefoils, dewberries,stone fruits (drupaceous fruits), hawthorns, loquat, medlar, mountain ashes,peaches, pears, plums, pomaceous fruits, pyracanthas (fire thorns), quince,raspberries, Rubus, serviceberries, spireas, strawberries
Class here Rosaceae (rose family)
Class comprehensive works on ironwoods in 583.46
See also 583.765 for rose apples; also 583.786 for hog plums of familyAnacardiaceae
.734 *Rosa (Roses)
Subdivisions are added for the genus as a whole and for individualspecies
.738 *Urticaceae (Nettle family), Cannabaceae (Hemp family), Moraceae(Mulberry family), Ulmaceae (Elm family) [all formerly 583.45]
Urticaceae, Cannabaceae, Moraceae, Ulmaceae are sometimes classed asUrticales
Including banyan, breadfruits, figs, hackberries, hops, marijuana, osageorange, pileas, ramie (China grass plant), rubber plant (India rubber tree),West Indian boxwood; comprehensive works on hemps
Class here Urticales
For hemps of a specific family other than Cannabaceae, see thefamily, e.g., aloe and sisil hemps 584.352
See also 583.395 for boxwoods of family Buxaceae; also 583.96 fordead nettles
.74 *Fabales (Leguminales)
Including Polygalalceae (milkwort family) [formerly 583.82], Quillajaceae,Surianaceae
Including Stylobasium [formerly 583.77], alfalfa, beans, beggar’s lice,bluebonnet, carob, clovers, indigo plants, kudzu, lentils, lespedezas,locoweeds, locusts, peanuts (groundnuts), Scotch broom, shamrocks, smoketree, soybean (soja, soya), tamarind, vetches, wisterias
Class here Fabaceae (pea family)
See also 583.786 for smoke trees of family Anacardiaceae; also 583.825for shamrock of family Oxalidaceae
*
*Add as instructed under 583–588
583 Plants 583
37
.748 *Mimosoideae (Mimosa subfamily)
Former heading: Mimosaceae (Mimosa family)
Including acacias, mesquite, sensitive plants, silk tree
.749 *Caesalpinioideae (Senna subfamily)
Former heading: Caesalpiniaceae (Senna family)
Including redbuds
[.75] Nepenthaceae (Old World pitcher plant family) and Droseraceae(Sundew family)
Former heading: Nepenthales
Relocated to 583.58
.76 *Myrtales
Including Vochysiaceae [formerly 583.82], Combretaceae, Lythraceae(loosestrife family), Melastomataceae (meadow beauty family), Onagraceae(evening primrose family), Trapaceae
Including cigar flower, clarkias, crape myrtle, fireweed, fuchsias,pomegranate
Class mangroves of family Combretaceae in 583.763
See also 583.975 for loosestrife of family Primulaceae; also 583.99 forfireweeds of family Asteraceae
Anisophylleaceae relocated to 583.63; Brazilian spiderflowers relocated to583.64; Lecythidaceae (Brazil nut family) relocated to 583.975
.763 *Duabanga and Sonneratia
Former heading: Rhizophoraceae and Sonneratiaceae
Duabanga and Sonneratia are genera in the family Lythraceae, but wereclassed in Sonneratiaceae
Including mangroves of family Combretaceae, e.g., button mangrove,white mangrove
Class here comprehensive works on mangroves
Class mangrove swamp ecology in 577.698
For mangroves of family Rhizophoraceae, see 583.83; for mangrovesof family Verbenaceae, see 583.96; for mangrove of family Arecaceae(nipa palm), see 584.5
Rhizophoraceae relocated to 583.83
*
*Add as instructed under 583–588
583 Dewey Decimal Classification 583
38
.765 *Myrtaceae (Myrtle family)
Including allspice (pimento), clove, guavas, Jamaica bayberry (bay rumtree), rose apples, water chestnuts; comprehensive works on myrtles
For Eucalyptus, see 583.766. For myrtle of a specific family otherthan Myrtaceae, see the family, e.g., Oregon myrtle 583.23, waxmyrtle 583.46, crape myrtle 583.76
See also 583.952 for pimientos (peppers); also 584.84 for Chinesewater chestnut
.766 *Eucalyptus (Gum trees)
Subdivisions are added for the genus as a whole and for individualspecies
[.77] Rutales
Coriariaceae relocated to 583.63; Stylobasium relocated to 583.74; Rutaceae(orange family), Anacardiaceae (mango family), Burseraceae (incense treefamily), Meliaceae (mahogany family), Simaroubaceae (ailanthus family),cashew, chinaberry tree, citrus fruits, cork trees, hog plums (Spanish plums),hop tree, orange jessamine, pistachio, poison ivies, rue, smoke trees, sumacs,tree of heaven, varnish trees, comprehensive works on balms relocated to583.786
.78 *Crossosomatales, Picramniales, Sapindales, Huerteales
Former heading: Sapindales
Sabiaceae relocated to 583.37; Greyiaceae and Melianthaceae relocated to583.79
.782 *Crossosomatales
Including Strasburgeriaceae [formerly 583.624], Stachyuraceae [formerly583.625], Staphyleaceae (bladdernut family)
Class here Crossosomataceae [formerly 583.62]
.784 *Picramniales
*
*Add as instructed under 583–588
583 Plants 583
39
.786 *Sapindales
Including Leitneria [formerly 583.43], Rutaceae (orange family),Anacardiaceae (mango family), Burseraceae (incense tree family),Meliaceae (mahogany family), Simaroubaceae (ailanthus family) [allformerly 583.77], Aceraceae (maple family), Hippocastanaceae (horsechestnut family), Sapindaceae (soapberry family)
Including cashew, chinaberry tree, citrus fruits, cork trees, hog plums(Spanish plums), hop tree, orange jessamine, pistachio, poison ivies, rue,smoke trees, sumacs, tree of heaven, varnish trees, comprehensive workson balms [all formerly 583.77], buckeyes, hopbushes, litchis
Leitneria is sometimes classed as Leitneriaceae and Leitneriales[formerly 583.43]
Class comprehensive works on ivies in 583.988
For balm of a specific family other than Burseraceae, see the family,e.g., bee balms 583.96
See also 583.46 for cork oak; also 583.73 for hog plums of familyRosaceae; also 583.74 for smoke tree of family Fabaceae; also583.87 for jasmines
.788 *Huerteales
Including Dipentodontaceae [formerly 583.88]
.79 *Geraniales
Including Francoaceae [formerly 583.72], Greyiaceae, Melianthaceae [bothformerly 583.78], Geraniaceae (geranium family)
Including erodiums, pelargoniums
Tropaeolaceae (nasturtium family) relocated to 583.64; Zygophyllaceae(lignum vitae family), creosote bush relocated to 583.822; Oxalidaceae(wood sorrel family), shamrock relocated to 583.825; Erythroxylaceae (cocafamily), Hugoniaceae, Humiriaceae, Ixonanthaceae, Linaceae (flax family),Malpighiaceae, wild mango (dika) relocated to 583.83; Balsaminaceae(balsam family), impatiens, jewelweeds (touch-me-nots) relocated to583.975
.8 Other orders of rosids
Former heading: Other orders of Rosidae
[.801–.809] Standard subdivisions
Do not use; class in 583.701–583.709
.82 *Zygophyllales and Oxalidales
Former heading: Minor orders of Rosidae
Gunneraceae, gunneras relocated to 583.42; Elaeagnaceae (oleaster family)relocated to 583.73; Polygalalceae (milkwort family) relocated to 583.74;Vochysiaceae relocated to 583.76; Podostemaceae (riverweed family)relocated to 583.83; Hippuris (mare’s tail) relocated to 583.96
*
*Add as instructed under 583–588
583 Dewey Decimal Classification 583
40
.822 *Zygophyllales
Including Zygophyllaceae (lignum vitae family), creosote bush [formerly583.79], Krameriaceae
.825 *Oxalidales
Including Brunelliaceae, Cephalotaceae, Cunoniaceae [all formerly583.72], Oxalidaceae (wood sorrel family) [formerly 583.79],Connaraceae
Connaraceae are sometimes classed as Connarales
Including shamrock [formerly 583.79]
Class comprehensive works on carnivorous plants in 583.58
See also 583.74 for shamrocks of family Fabaceae
.83 *Malpighiales
Including Rafflesiaceae [formerly 583.2], Balanopaceae [formerly583.43], Bonnetiaceae, Caryocaraceae, Clusiaceae (Guttiferae),Elatinaceae, Hypericaceae, Lophiraceae, Medusagynaceae, Ochnaceae,Quiinaceae [all formerly 583.624], Flacourtiaceae, Lacistemataceae,Scyphostegiaceae, Violaceae (violet family) [all formerly 583.625],Achariaceae, Malesherbiaceae, Passifloraceae (passionflower family),Turneraceae [all formerly 583.626], Populus (poplars and aspens),Salicaceae (willow family), Salix [all formerly 583.65], Dichapetalaceae,Euphorbiaceae (spurge family) [both formerly 583.69], Rhizophoraceae[formerly 583.763], Erythroxylaceae (coca family), Hugoniaceae,Humiriaceae, Ixonanthaceae, Linaceae (flax family), Malpighiaceae [allformerly 583.79], Podostemaceae (riverweed family) [formerly 583.82]
Rafflesiaceae are sometimes classed as Rafflesiales [formerly 583.2];Balanopaceae are sometimes classed as Balanopales [formerly 583.43];Violaceae are sometimes classed as Violales [formerly 583.625]; Salicaceaeare sometimes classed as Salicales [formerly 583.65]
Including garcinias, mammee apple, mangosteen [all formerly 583.624],pansies [formerly 583.625], granadillas, maypop [both formerly 583.626],cottonwoods [formerly 583.65], cassavas (maniocs), castor-oil plant,copperleaves, crotons, crown of thorns, heveas, manchineels, mercuries,poinsettias, rubber tree, snow-on-the-mountain, tallow tree, tung tree [allformerly 583.69], wild mango (dika) [formerly 583.79]
See also 583.22 for yellow poplar; also 583.738 for India rubber tree,West Indian boxwood; also 583.96 for African violets
[.84] Cornales
Garryaceae, Garrya relocated to 583.942; Cornales, Cornaceae (dogwoodfamily), tupelos (sour gums) relocated to 583.972; Araliaceae (ginsengfamily, ivy family), Torricelliaceae (Toricelliaceae), wild sarsaparilla,comprehensive works on ivies relocated to 583.988
*
*Add as instructed under 583–588
583 Plants 583
41
[.849] Apiaceae
Former heading: Umbelliferae
Relocated to 583.9882
.85 *Celastrales
Including Parnassiaceae [formerly 583.72], Hippocrateaceae
Including brexias [formerly 583.72], bittersweet, khat
Class here Celastraceae (staff tree family)
See also 583.952 for bittersweet of family Solanaceae
Aextoxicaceae relocated to 583.478; Icacinaceae relocated to 583.94;Aquifoliaceae (holly family), maté relocated to 583.982
.86 *Vitales
Former heading: Rhamnales
Including Leeaceae; Boston ivy, Virginia creeper
Class here Vitaceae (grape family)
Rhamnaceae (buckthorn family), ironwoods, jujubes relocated to 583.73
.87 *Oleales
Including ashes, forsythias, jasmines, lilacs, privets
Class here Oleaceae (olive family)
See also 583.786 for orange jessamine
[.88] Santalales
Medusandraceae relocated to 583.44; Santalales, Santalaceae (sandalwoodfamily), Balanophoraceae, Loranthaceae (mistletoe family), Olacaceae,Opiliaceae, Viscaceae relocated to 583.47; Dipentodontaceae relocated to583.788; Cardiopteridaceae (Peripterygiaceae) relocated to 583.982
[.89] Proteales
Relocated to 583.38
.9 *Asterids
Including euasterids I
.92 *Dipsacales
Including Dipsacaceae (teasel family), Caprifoliaceae (honeysuckle family),Valerianaceae (valerian family)
Including elders, snowballs, viburnums
*
*Add as instructed under 583–588
583 Dewey Decimal Classification 583
42
> 583.93–583.96 Euasterids I
Class comprehensive works in 583.9
.93 *Gentianales
Including Theligonum (Cynocrambe) [formerly 583.5], Gentianaceae(gentian family), Apocynaceae (dogbane family, Indian hemp family),Asclepiadaceae (milkweed family), Loganiaceae, Potaliaceae, Rubiaceae(madder family)
Including buttonbushes, carrion flowers, cinchonas, coffee, gardenias, Indiansarsaparilla, oleanders, partridgeberry, periwinkles, Plumeria, rauwolfias,stephanotises
See also 584.326 for carrion flower and sarsaprillas of familySmilacaceae
Menyanthaceae, bog myrtle (buckbean) relocated to 583.99
.94 *Garryales and miscellaneous families of euasterids I
Former heading: Polemoniales
Including Oncothecaceae [formerly 583.624], Vahliaceae [formerly 583.72],Icacinaceae [formerly 583.85], Boraginaceae (forget-me-not family),Hydrophyllaceae (waterleaf family)
Including baby blue-eyes, borage, comfreys, heliotropes, honeyworts,hound’s-tongues, Virginia cowslip (bluebell)
See also 583.99 for bluebells of bellflower family; also 584.355 forbluebells of asparagus family
Convolvulaceae (morning glory family), Cuscutaceae (dodder family),dichondras, sweet potatoes (yams) relocated to 583.95; Loasaceae relocatedto 583.972; Polemoniaceae (phlox family), Jacob’s ladders relocated to583.975
.942 *Garryales
Including Eucommiaceae [formerly 583.43], Garryaceae [formerly583.84]
Including Garrya [formerly 583.84]
*
*Add as instructed under 583–588
583 Plants 583
43
.95 *Solanales
Former heading: Scrophulariales
Including Convolvulaceae (morning glory family), Cuscutaceae (dodderfamily) [both formerly 583.94], Sphenocleaceae [formerly 583.98]
Including dichondras, sweet potatoes (yams) [both formerly 583.94]
See also 584.69 for yams of family Dioscoreaceae
Acanthaceae (acanthus family), Bignoniaceae (catalpa family),Buddlejaceae, Gesneriaceae, Globulariaceae, Lentibulariaceae (bladderwortfamily), Martyniaceae, Myoporaceae, Orobanchaceae (broomrape family),Pedaliaceae (sesame family), Plantaginaceae (plantago family), Retziaceae,Scrophulariaceae (figwort family, snapdragon family), Trapellaceae,African violets, butterfly bushes, calabash tree, foxglove, mulleins,Penstemon, plantains, trumpet creepers, unicorn plants relocated to 583.96;Hydrostachyaceae relocated to 583.972; Columelliaceae relocated to583.985
.952 *Solanaceae
Variant names: Nolanaceae, nightshade family, potato family
Including belladonna, bittersweet, butterfly flowers (schizanthuses),capsicums, daturas, eggplants, henbane, jimsonweed, mandrakes,paprika, petunias, pimientos, tobacco, tomatoes; cayenne pepper, redpeppers, sweet peppers; comprehensive works on peppers
For pepper of Piperaceae family, see 583.25
See also 583.34 for mandrake of family Berberidaceae (mayapple);also 583.765 for pimento (allspice); also 583.85 for bittersweet offamily Celastraceae
*
*Add as instructed under 583–588
583 Dewey Decimal Classification 583
44
.96 *Lamiales
Including Byblidaceae [formerly 583.72], Acanthaceae (acanthus family),Bignoniaceae (catalpa family), Buddlejaceae, Gesneriaceae, Globulariaceae,Lentibulariaceae (bladderwort family), Martyniaceae, Myoporaceae,Orobanchaceae (broomrape family), Pedaliaceae (sesame family),Plantaginaceae (plantago family), Retziaceae, Scrophulariaceae (figwortfamily, snapdragon family), Trapellaceae [all formerly 583.95], Verbenaceae(verbena family)
Scrophulariaceae are sometimes classed as Scrophulariales [formerly583.95]
Including Hippuris (mare’s tail) [formerly 583.82], African violets, butterflybushes, calabash tree, foxglove, mulleins, Penstemon, plantains, trumpetcreepers, unicorn plants [formerly 583.95], basils, bee balms, blackmangrove, catnip, Chinese artichoke, dead nettles, ground ivy, horehound,hyssop, lavenders, lopseed, marjorams, rosemary, sage, teak, thymes,vervains
Class here Lamiaceae (Labiatae, mint family)
Class comprehensive works on carnivorous plants in 583.58; classcomprehensive works on mangroves in 583.763; class comprehensive workson balms in 583.786; class comprehensive works on violets in 583.83
See also 583.99 for artichokes, sagebrushes; also 584.39 for plantain ofbanana family
.97 *Cornales and Ericales
.972 *Cornales [formerly 583.84]
Including Hydrangeaceae (hydrangea family) [formerly 583.72],Cornaceae (dogwood family) [formerly 583.84], Loasaceae [formerly583.94], Hydrostachyaceae [formerly 583.95]
Including deutzias, mock oranges (syringas) [both formerly 583.72],tupelos (sour gums) [formerly 583.84]
*
*Add as instructed under 583–588
583 Plants 583
45
.975 *Ericales [formerly 583.66]
Including Sarraceniaceae (New World pitcher plant family) [formerly583.36], Marcgraviaceae, Pellicieraceae, Pentaphylacaceae,Tetrameristaceae, Theaceae (Ternstroemiaceae, tea family) [all formerly583.624], Fouquieriaceae (candlewood family) [formerly 583.628],Clethraceae (pepperbush family), Epacridaceae, Ericaceae (heathfamily), Monotropaceae (Indian pipe family), Pyrolaceae, Saurauiaceae[all formerly 583.66], Diapensiaceae [formerly 583.67], Ebenaceae(ebony family), Sapotaceae, Styracaceae (storax family), Symplocaceae(sweetleaf family) [all formerly 583.674], Primulaceae (primrose family),Myrsinaceae, Theophrastaceae [all formerly 583.675], Lecythidaceae(Brazil nut family) [formerly 583.76], Balsaminaceae (balsam family)[formerly 583.79], Polemoniaceae (phlox family) [formerly 583.94]
Sarraceniaceae are sometimes classed as Sarraceniales [formerly 583.36];Diapensiaceae are sometimes classed as Diapensiales [formerly 583.67];Ebenaceae, Sapotaceae, Styracaceae, Symplocaceae are sometimesclassed as Ebenales [formerly 583.674]; Primulaceae, Myrsinaceae,Theophrastaceae are sometimes classed as Primulales [formerly583.675]; Polemoniaceae are sometimes classed as Polemoniales[formerly 583.94]
Including camellias, Stewartia [both formerly 583.624], ocotillo[formerly 583.628], azaleas, blueberries, cranberries, crowberries,heather, huckleberries, kalmias, kiwi (Chinese gooseberry), mountainlaurel, rhododendrons, sourwood, wintergreens [all formerly 583.66],galax [formerly 583.67], persimmons, sapodilla, star apples [allformerly 583.674], auriculas, coralberry, cyclamens, loosestrife,primulas, shooting stars [all formerly 583.675], impatiens, jewelweeds(touch-me-nots) [both formerly 583.79], Jacob’s ladders [formerly583.94]
Class comprehensive works on laurels in 583.23; class comprehensiveworks on carnivorous plants, on pitcher plants in 583.58; class eveningprimroses in 583.76
See also 583.76 for loosestrife of family Lythraceae
.98 *Euasterids II
Former heading: Campanulales
For Dipsacales, see 583.92; for Asterales, see 583.99
Sphenocleaceae relocated to 583.95; Brunoniaceae, Campanulaceae(bellflower family), Donatiaceae, Goodeniaceae, Lobeliaceae, Stylidiaceae,bluebells, Campanula, Indian tobacco relocated to 583.99
.982 *Aquifoliales
Including Cardiopteridaceae (Peripterygiaceae) [formerly 583.88]
Including maté [formerly 583.85]
Class here Aquifoliaceae (holly family) [formerly 583.85], Ilex
.984 *Escalloniales
Class here Escalloniaceae, escallonias [both formerly 583.72]
*
*Add as instructed under 583–588
583 Dewey Decimal Classification 583
46
.985 *Bruniales
Including Bruniaceae [formerly 583.72], Columelliaceae [formerly583.95]
.986 *Paracryphiales
Class here Paracryphiaceae [formerly 583.72]
.988 *Apiales
Including Pittosporaceae (hedge laurel family) [formerly 583.72],Araliaceae (ginseng family, ivy family), Torricelliaceae (Toricelliaceae)[both formerly 583.84]
Including wild sarsaparilla, comprehensive works on ivies [formerly583.84]
For ivies of a specific family other than Araliaceae, see the family,e.g., poison ivies 583.786
See also 584.326 for sarsaparilla of family Smilacaceae
.988 2 *Apiaceae [formerly 583.849]
Variant names: Umbelliferae, carrot family, parsley family
Including anise, caraway, carrots, celery, dills, parsnips, poisonhemlocks, Queen Anne’s lace
.99 *Asterales
Including Menyanthaceae [formerly 583.93], Brunoniaceae, Campanulaceae(bellflower family), Donatiaceae, Goodeniaceae, Lobeliaceae, Stylidiaceae[all formerly 583.98], Calyceraceae
Campanulaceae are sometimes classed as Campanulales [formerly 583.98];Calyceraceae are sometimes classed as Calycerales
Including bog myrtle (buckbean) [formerly 583.93], bluebells, Campanula,Indian tobacco [formerly 583.98], artichokes, asters, black-eyed Susans,chamomiles, chicory, chrysanthemums, cornflower, cosmos, dahlias,dandelions, endive, everlastings, fireweeds, fleabanes, gerberas, goldenrods,groundsels (ragworts), guayule, lettuce, marigolds, ragweeds, safflower,sagebrushes, sunflowers, thistles, wormwoods, zinnias
Class here Asteraceae (Compositae)
See also 583.46 for bog myrtle (sweet gale); also 583.76 for fireweedof family Onagraceae; also 583.94 for bluebells of forget-me-notfamily; also 583.96 for Chinese artichoke; also 584.355 for bluebells ofasparagus family
584 *MonocotsFormer heading: Liliopsida (Monocotyledons)
See Manual at 583–585 vs. 600; also at 583–584
*
*Add as instructed under 583–588
584 Plants 584
47
SUMMARY
584.3 Liliales, Asparagales, Zingiberales.4 Orchidaceae (orchid family).5 Arecales (Palmales).6 Pandanales and Dioscoreales.7 Alismatales (Alismales), Acorales, Petrosaviales.8 Commelinids.9 Poales
.3 *Liliales, Asparagales, Zingiberales
Former heading: Liliidae
.32 *Liliales
Former heading: Liliaceae (Lily family)
Including Petermanniaceae, Philesiaceae [both formerly 584.35]
Including Easter lily, trilliums
Class here comprehensive works on lilies
For a specific lily not provided for here, see the lily, e.g., African lilies584.33, Velloziaceae (tree lily family) 584.6, calla lilies 584.724
See also 583.294 for water lilies
Aloes, day lilies relocated to 584.35; hostas (plantain lilies) relocated to584.352; bluebells, hyacinths, lily of the valley relocated to 584.355
.322 *Liliaceae (Lily family)
Including tulips
.324 *Alstroemeriaceae [formerly 584.353]
Including Peruvian lily [formerly 584.34], box lily [formerly 584.353]
.326 *Smilacaceae [formerly 584.356]
Including carrion flower, cat briers, greenbriers, sarsaparillas
See also 583.93 for carrion flowers of family Asclepiadaceae, Indiansarsaparilla; also 583.988 for wild sarsaparilla of ginseng family
.33 *Allioideae
Former heading: Alliaceae
Including African lilies, chives, garlics, leeks, onions, shallots
*
*Add as instructed under 583–588
584 Dewey Decimal Classification 584
48
.34 *Amaryllidaceae (Amaryllis family)
Including Agapanthoideae
Including daffodils, narcissus; atamasco lilies, spider lilies
Class here Amaryllidoideae
For Allioideae, see 584.33
Peruvian lily relocated to 584.324
.35 *Asparagales
Former heading: Other families of Liliales
Including Cyanastraceae, Tecophilaeaceae, Xanthorrhoeaceae
Including aloes, day lilies [both formerly 584.32]
For Amaryllidaceae (amaryllis family), see 584.34; for Iridaceae (irisfamily), see 584.38; for Orchidaceae (orchid family), see 584.4
Petermanniaceae, Philesiaceae relocated to 584.32; Stemonaceae relocatedto 584.6; Taccaceae relocated to 584.69; Philydraceae, Pontederiaceaerelocated to 584.86
.352 *Agavoideae
Former heading: Agavaceae
Including hostas (plantain lilies) [formerly 584.32], agaves, aloe hemp,aloes (century plants), dracaenas, sansevierias (snake plants), sisal,tequila, yuccas
Class comprehensive works on hemps in 583.738
[.353] Alstroemeriaceae
Relocated to 583.324
.354 *Hypoxidaceae
Velloziaceae (tree lily family) relocated to 584.6; Haemodoraceae(bloodwort family) relocated to 584.86
.355 *Asparagaceae
Including Nolinoideae
Nolinoideae are sometimes classed as Ruscaceae
Including bluebells, hyacinths, lily of the valley [all formerly 584.32],asparaguses
For Agavoideae, see 584.352
See also 583.94 for bluebells of forget-me-not family; also 583.99 forbluebells of bellflower family; also 584.86 for water hyacinths
[.356] Smilacaceae
Relocated to 584.326
*
*Add as instructed under 583–588
584 Plants 584
49
[.357] Dioscoreaceae (Yam family)
Relocated to 584.69
[.37] Triuridaceae
Former heading: Triuridales
Relocated to 584.6
.38 *Iridaceae (Iris family)
Former heading: Iridales
Including blackberry lily, crocuses, freesias, gladiolus (sword lilies), saffron,tigerflowers
Burmanniaceae relocated to 584.69
.39 *Zingiberales
Including Zingiberaceae (ginger family), Cannaceae (canna family),Costaceae, Heliconiaceae, Marantaceae (arrowroot family), Musaceae(banana family)
Including abaca (Manila hemp), cardamoms, ginger lily, heliconias, plantain,prayer plant, turmerics, zebra plant
Class comprehensive works on hemps in 583.738
See also 583.96 for plantains of plantago family
.4 *Orchidaceae (Orchid family)
Former heading: Orchidales
Including vanillas
.5 *Arecales (Palmales)
Former heading: Arecidae
Including coconuts, dates, nipa palm (mangrove), palmettos, rattans
Class here Arecaceae (Palmae, palm family)
.6 *Pandanales and Dioscoreales
Former heading: Cyclanthales, Arales, Pandanales, Typhales
Subdivisions are added for Pandanales and Dioscoreales together, forPandanales alone
Including Stemonaceae [formerly 584.35], Velloziaceae (tree lily family)[formerly 584.354], Triuridaceae [formerly 584.37]
Triuridaceae are sometimes classed as Triuridales [formerly 584.37]
Class comprehensive works on lilies in 584.32
*
*Add as instructed under 583–588
584 Dewey Decimal Classification 584
50
.62 *Cyclanthaceae
Former heading: Cyclanthales
Including jipijapa (Panama hat palm)
[.64] Araceae (Arum family)
Former heading: Arales
Relocated to 584.724
.66 *Pandanaceae (Hala family)
Including screw pines
Use of this number for Pandanales discontinued; class in 584.6
[.68] Typhaceae (Sparganiaceae)
Former heading: Typhales
Relocated to 584.9
.69 *Dioscoreales
Including Taccaceae [formerly 584.35], Dioscoreaceae (yam family)[formerly 584.357], Burmanniaceae [formerly 584.38], Nartheciaceae
See also 583.95 for sweet potatoes (yams)
.7 *Alismatales (Alismales), Acorales, Petrosaviales
Former heading: Alismidae
Alismatales are sometimes classed as Alismatidae
Subdivisions are added for Alismatales (Alismales), Acorales, Petrosavialestogether; for Alismatales (Alismales) alone
> 584.72–584.74 Alismatales (Alismales)
Class comprehensive works on Alismatales (Alismales) in 584.7
.72 *Araceae, Alismataceae (Alismaceae, Limnocharitaceae, water plantainfamily), Butomaceae (Water poppy family), Tofieldiaceae
Former heading: Alismales (Alismatales)
Including arrowheads
Water hyacinths relocated to 584.86
*
*Add as instructed under 583–588
584 Plants 584
51
.724 *Araceae (Arum family) [formerly 584.64]
Araceae are sometimes classed as Arales
Including Lemnoideae (duckweed subfamily)
Lemnoideae are sometimes classed as Lemnaceae
Including anthuriums, caladiums, calla lilies, Chinese evergreen,dieffenbachias, elephant’s ears, jack-in-the-pulpits, monsteras,philodendrons, skunk cabbages, taro, watermeals
Class comprehensive works on lilies in 584.32
See also 583.64 for cabbages of Brassicaceae family
.73 *Hydrocharitaceae (Frogbit family)
Former heading: Hydrocharitales
Including Najas (naiads) [formerly 584.74], turtle grass
Najas are sometimes classed as Najadaceae and Najadales(Potamogetonales) [both formerly 584.74]
.74 *Other families of Alismatales
Former heading: Najadales (Potamogetonales)
Including Aponogetonaceae (lattice plant family), Cymodoceaceae,Juncaginaceae (Lilaeaceae, arrow grass family), Posidoniaceae, Ruppiaceae(widgeon grass family), Scheuchzeriaceae, Zosteraceae (eelgrass family)
Najas (naiads) relocated to 584.73
.742 *Potamogetonaceae (Zannichelliaceae, pondweed family)
.78 *Acorales
.79 *Petrosaviales
.8 *Commelinids
Former heading: Commelinidae
For Arecales (Palmales), see 584.5; for Poales, see 584.9
Centrolepidaceae, Flagellariaceae, Restionaceae relocated to 584.9
.82 *Juncaceae (Rush family) and Thurniaceae
Former heading: Juncales
Standard subdivisions are added for Juncaceae (rush family) andThurniaceae together, for Juncaceae (rush family) alone
Class here comprehensive works on rushes
For rushes of sedge family, see 584.84; for rushes of cattail family, see584.9
*
*Add as instructed under 583–588
584 Dewey Decimal Classification 584
52
.84 *Cyperaceae (Sedge family)
Former heading: Cyperales
Including Chinese water chestnut, cotton grasses, papyrus, umbrella plant;beak rushes, spike rushes; comprehensive works on bulrushes
Class comprehensive works on rushes in 584.82
For bulrushes of cattail family, see 584.9
.85 *Bromeliaceae (Pineapple family)
Former heading: Bromeliales
Including Spanish moss (black moss)
Class here bromeliads
.86 *Commelinales
Including Philydraceae, Pontederiaceae [both formerly 584.35],Haemodoraceae (bloodwort family) [formerly 584.354], Hanguanaceae
Including water hyacinths [formerly 584.72], boat lily, wandering Jews
Class here Commelinaceae (spiderwort family)
Mayacaceae, Rapateaceae, Xyridaceae (yellow-eyed grass family) relocatedto 584.9
.87 *Eriocaulaceae (Pipewort family)
Former heading: Eriocaulales
.9 *Poales
Variant names: Graminales, grasses
Including Typhaceae (Sparganiaceae) [formerly 584.68], Centrolepidaceae,Flagellariaceae, Restionaceae [all formerly 584.8], Mayacaceae, Rapateaceae,Xyridaceae (yellow-eyed grass family) [all formerly 584.86]
Typhaceae are sometimes classed as Typhales [formerly 584.68]; Restionaceaeare sometimes classed as Restionales [formerly 584.8]
Including Sparganium (bur reeds), Typha (cattails and bulrushes) [both formerly584.68], reeds
Class Cyperaceae, comprehensive works on bulrushes in 584.84
For Juncaceae (rush family), Thurniaceae, see 584.82; for Cyperaceae(sedge family), see 584.84; for Bromeliaceae (pineapple family), see 584.85;for Eriocaulaceae (pipewort family), see 584.87
*
*Add as instructed under 583–588
584 Plants 584
53
.92 *Poaceae (Gramineae)
Former heading: Panicoideae
Including Arundinoideae, Chloridoideae, Eragrosteae, Leptureae,Pappophoreae, Zoysieae
Including Arundinella, Hordeum, Lygeum, orchard grass (cocksfoot),pampas grass, Sporobolus, Thysanolaena
.922 *Bambusoideae
Including Anomochloeae, Bambuseae (bamboo tribe), Olyreae, Oryzeae(rice tribe), Parianeae, Phareae, Streptochaeteae
.924 *Panicoideae
Including Paniceae (millet tribe), Andropogoneae (sugarcane tribe),Maydeae (maize tribe)
Including citronella, corn, crabgrasses, gama grass, milos, panic grasses,proso, sorghums, Sudan grass, thatch grasses
.926 *Pooideae
Including Aveneae (oat tribe), Nardeae, Stipeae, Triticeae
Including Agrostis (bent grasses), barley, bluegrasses, bromegrasses,espartos, Festuca (fescue), Phalaris (canary grass), rye, timothy, wheat
588 *Bryophyta
.3 *Hepatopsida (Liverworts)
Including Anthocerotidae (horned liverworts, hornworts), Marchantiales (greatliverworts)
Class here Hepatidae (Hepaticae), Jungermanniales, leafy liverworts (scalemosses)
See also 583.28 for hornworts of family Ceratophyllaceae
615 Pharmacology and therapeuticsClass comprehensive works on pharmacology in 615.1; class comprehensive workson therapeutics in 615.5
.323–.327 Drugs derived from specific plants
Add to base number 615.32 the numbers following 58 in 583–587, e.g.,belladonna 615.323952
For drugs derived from bryophytes, see 615.322; for drugs derivedfrom fungi and algae, see 615.329
*
*Add as instructed under 583–588
615 Dewey Decimal Classification 615
54
.952 3–.952 8 Specific plant poisons, poisons derived from specific plants
Add to base number 615.952 the numbers following 58 in 583–588,e.g., opium 615.952335
For fungi and algae poisons, poisons derived from fungi andalgae, see 615.9529
633 Field and plantation cropsLarge-scale production of crops intended for agricultural purposes or industrialprocessing other than preservation
Standard subdivisions are added for either or both topics in heading
Class truck farming in 635
For a specific field or plantation crop not provided for here, see the crop, e.g.,bananas 634.772
.8 Other crops grown for industrial processing
.88 Medicine-producing plants
Add to base number 633.88 the numbers following 58 in 583–588, e.g.,ginsengs 633.883988; however, for a crop producing medicine as asecondary product, see the primary product, e.g., poppy 633.75
634 Orchards, fruits, forestryFruits: reproductive bodies of seed plants having an edible more or less sweet pulpassociated with the seed
Standard subdivisions are added for orchards, fruits, forestry together; for orchardsalone; for fruits alone
Class here comprehensive works on tree crops
For trees grown for plantation crops, see 633; for pepos, see 635.61; forornamental trees, see 635.977
.9 Forestry
.97 Kinds of trees
Class here general topics of forestry applied to specific kinds of trees
Add to each subdivision identified by † as follows:
.972 Eudicots
Former heading: Dicotyledons
Limited to the kinds provided for below
Class here hardwoods
For other eudicots, see 634.973
.973 Magnoliids, Ceratophyllales, basal angiosperms; other eudicots
Add to base number 634.973 the numbers following 583 in 583.2–583.9,e.g., eucalyptus 634.973766
634 Plants 634
55
.974 Monocots
Class here palm forestry
See also 633.58 for rattan palms; also 633.851 for oil palms; also634.61 for coconut palm; also 635.97745 for ornamental palms
635 Garden crops (Horticulture)Class here vegetables (crops grown primarily for human consumption withoutintermediate processing other than cooking and preservation); home gardening,truck farming
Class orchards in 634
.9 Flowers and ornamental plants
Standard subdivisions are added for either or both topics in heading
Class here floriculture
Class landscape architecture of flower gardens in 712
For planting and cultivation of roadside vegetation, see 625.77
See Manual at 635.9 vs. 582.1
> 635.93–635.97 Groupings of plants
Unless other instructions are given, class a subject with aspects in two or moresubdivisions of 635.93–635.97 in the number coming first in the schedule, e.g.,succulent house plants 635.9525 (not 635.965)
Class comprehensive works in 635.9
.93 Groupings by life duration; taxonomic groupings
.933–.938 Taxonomic groupings
Add to base number 635.93 the numbers following 58 in 583–588, e.g.,cacti 635.93356, roses 635.933734, orchids 635.9344; however, foreverlastings, see 635.973; for comprehensive works on eudicots, see635.9; for taxonomic groupings of trees, see 635.9773–635.9775
.97 Other groupings of ornamental plants
.977 Trees
Class here urban forestry; potted, shade, street trees
Including tree planting
Class comprehensive works on container gardening in 635.986
.977 3–.977 5 Taxonomic groupings
Add to base number 635.977 the numbers following 58 in 583–585,e.g., elms 635.9773738; however, for comprehensive works oneudicot trees, see 635.977