Nuffield+HazID+Guidewords

8/10/2019 Nuffield+HazID+Guidewords

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General

Nuffield Consultants Pty Ltd ABN 44 100 220 7825 Drummond St, Carlton, VIC 3053 Australia

www.nuffieldconsultants.com

Category Guide word Expanders

ControlMethods/Philosophy

Operations Concept 1 train, x-trains, simplification, tie-in to existinginfrastructure

Maintenance Philosophy Plant/train/equipment item, heavy lifting, access, override,bypass, commonality of equipment, transport

Control Philosophy Appropriate technology, (DCS/local panels), Converter /transition stations, substations

Communications Ship to shore, vessel to vessel

Emergency Response Isolation, ESD philosophy,

Concurrent Operations Production, maintenance requirements

Start-up Shutdown Modular or plant wide

Effect o nSurroundings

Geographical Infrastructure Location to other equipment, pipe line routing, proximity toother uses

Hydrocarbons Crude oil under pressure Remote change to live route

Hydrocarbon gas under pressure

Fire andExplosionHazards

Stored Flammables Improper storage, operator error (release), defect, impact,fire (mitigation measures include: substitute nonflammable, minimise and separate inventory)

Sources of Ignition Electricity, sparks, hot surfaces (mitigation measuresinclude: identify, remove, separate)

Equipment Layout Confinement, escalation following release of explosive orflammable fluid (operator error, defect, impact processcontrol failure, corrosion), module layout/proximity,orientation of equipment,

Fire Protection and Response Active/passive insulation, fire detection, fire-fightingfacilities

Operator Protection Means of escape, PPE, communications, emergencyresponse, plant evacuation

Differences inHeight

Personnel at height

Overhead equipment

Personnel under water

Objects underInduced Stress

Objects under tension

Objects under compression

Pressure Bottled gases under pressure

Water under pressure

Non hydrocarbon gas underpressure

Air under pressure

Decompression

DynamicSituation

On land transport

On water transport

Equipment with moving / rotatingparts

Use of hazardous hand tools

ProcessHazards

Inventory Excess hazardous material

Release of inventory Excessive process stress, penetration by foreign bodies,process control failure, structural failure, corrosion

Environmental Weather

Sub sea currentsSea state


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General




Utility Systems Fire-fighting Systems CO 2, Halon, asphyxiation

Diesel Fuel

Power Supply Anode, cathode

Inert Gas

Waste Storage and Treatment

Chemical/fuel Storage

Compressed Air

Toxic Gases Toxic gas release H2S, sour gas

Toxic solids release Water based muds, oil based sludges, cement dusts etc

LiftingHazards

Access / Egress Requirements Engineered loads, swinging loads

Heavy Lifting Requirements

Concurrent operations

Mobilization / demobilization

Transport

EnvironmentalDamage

Discharges to Air Fugitive emissions, energy efficiency

Discharges to Water Target/legislative requirements, drainage facilities,oil/water separation, discharge of drilling muds

Discharges to Soil Drainage, chemical storage, diesel

Contaminated Ground Previous use or events, disposal of soils

Facility Impact Area minimisation, pipeline routing, environmental impactassessment

Waste Disposal Options Disposal of debris from grapnel

Disturbance to Flora and Fauna Marine benthic community, mammals, birds, Fish, etc

Inability to Rehabilitate followingdisturbance

Timing of Construction Seasons, periods of environmental significance.Disturbance to breeding areas (fish spawning, birdcolonies)

Site Clearance Site clearance onshore for drilling and auxiliary equipment

Noise

Light

Construction Tie-ins (shutdown requirements)Concurrent Operations

Interface with existing network

Shutdown

Heavy lifts Transfer from land to boat, general heavy lifts

Excavation

Mobilisation / de-mobilisation

Cable pulling Winch line breaks (including winch line pulling plough),cable damage

Emergencyresponse

Utility failures Implications of part and total utility failures and compoundfailuresEmergency lighting of plant and instrument panels, powerfor alarms, computers, telecommunications, heating andventilation systems

Fire and explosion Prevention systems

Fire and gas detection systems/alarms,Fire protection systems


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General



Category Guide word ExpandersEmergency procedures, training, escape, contingencyplansEmergency shutdown and isolation arrangementsLocation of neighbouring plant units/communities, hazardscreated by others

Relief systems Relief philosophy, type of relief devices and reliability, reliefvalve discharge location, effect of de-bottlenecking onrelief capacity

Controls safeguarding 'Fail safe' philosophyDoes the control scheme escalate a hazardous situation orextinguish it?Time available for operator intervention.

Physical damage Impact, dropped objects, transportation collision, vibration,corrosion

Firewater systems Firewater supply, deluge system, fire detection/ fightingtraining, containment of runoff

Security Security arrangementsSafety equipment Availability, location, personnel protection, eye wash

stations/ showers, first aid/ medical resources, gasmonitors, breathing apparatus, barrier guards

Quality andconsistency

SamplingReliabilityInspection and testing

Contractual requirements Frequency of testing/ sampling,facilities for testing/ sampling, sampling procedure,calibration of automatic samplers, analysis of samplesStorage, availability and testing of sparesTesting of emergency and critical plant items

Operations Procedures and documentation Procedures for operations, maintenance, inspection andtesting, emergency, engineering drawings, modificationcontrol

Compliance with state/federal regulationsSafety studies

CommissioningStart-upShutdown (planned andemergency)Maintenance

Sequencing, procedures, training, supervision, facilitiesFollow through operations for entire plant

Design cont rols Materials of construction Temperature/pressure rating, material specificationbreaks, corrosion lagging, personnel protection, protectivecoatings, structures

Corrosion/ erosion Cathodic protection arrangements, internal/externalcorrosion protection, stress corrosion cracking

Services/ utilities required Electricity, water, cooling water nitrogen, air, steam, other

Design codes/ practices Compliance with state/federal regulations

Natural hazards Earthquake, lightning, thunderstorms, flooding, high winds

Design capacity / Overcapacity Potential bottlenecks

Electrical safety Area classification, earthing

AggressiveRelease

Acidic /Corrosive

High / Low Temperatures

Toxic Materials

Process Releases

Chemical ReleaseMechanical Mechanical Handling facilities


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General



Category Guide word ExpandersFailure Rotating & Reciprocating

equipment

Construction equipment

Electrical High Voltage

Low voltage

DC

Static


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Location Specific




Natural andEnvironmentalHazards

Climate Extremes Temperature, waves, wind, dust, flooding,sandstorms, ice, blizzards, tides, currents, impactsduring loading of cable onto vessels etc

Water Depth

Lightning

Earthquakes

Erosion Ground slide, coastal

Subsidence Ground structure, foundations, reservoir depletion

Created(Man-made)Hazards

Security Hazards Internal and external security threats

Terrorist Activity Riots, civil disturbance, strikes, military action, politicalunrest, protest groups

3 rd Party Interference Anchoring, excavation, Inadvertent 3 rd part damage,collisions

Effect of theProject on theSurroundings

Geographical -Infrastructure Plant location, plant layout, pipeline routing, areaminimisation

Proximity to Population Public outrage

Adjacent Land Use Residential, Crops , Airfields, ROW, marine extraction,fishing activities, other Industry

Proximity to TransportCorridors - Navigation

Shipping lanes, air routes, roads, etc Impact onNavigation Aids (i.e., compass), Maintenance supportfrom vessels, Supply Routes

Environmental Issues Previous land use, vulnerable fauna and flora, visualimpact

Beach line drilling Directional drilling, social issues, environmental issues

Social Issues Local population, local attitude, social/cultural areas ofsignificance, visual impact, pollution, archaeologicalsites.

Infrastructure Normal Communications Road links, air links, water links, existing cables(telecommunications), pipelines and other utilities

Communications forContingency planning

Supply Support Consumables/spares holding

EnvironmentalDamage

Discharges to Air Flares, Vents, Fugitive emissions, energy efficiency

Discharges to Water Target/legislative requirements, drainage facilities,

oil/water separation, discharge of drilling mudsDischarges to Soil Drainage, chemical storage, diesel

Contaminated Ground Previous use or events, disposal of soils

Facility Impact Area minimisation, pipeline routing, environmentalimpact assessment

Waste Disposal Options

Disturbance to Flora andFauna

Marine benthic community, mammals, birds, Fish, etc

Timing of Construction Seasons, periods of environmental significance.Disturbance to breeding areas (fish spawning, birdcolonies)


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Location Specific




Site Clearance Site clearance onshore for drilling and auxiliaryequipment


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Drilling




Reservoir Geology FaultsRunning SandsShallow GasOverpressureHigh TemperatureImpurities, H2S, CO2, mercuryContaminants SandComposition / Phase

Reservoir Fluids

Mud / Cement /Chemicals

Toxic

Asphyxiants

Bottled gas

Acids / Caustics

Slips and Trips

Drilling activities /Occupational

Dropped and swingingObjects

Excavations

Well Control Kicks, LOC

Hydrogen SulphideRelease

Hydrogen sulphide release during workover

Gas Release Drill floor area, Shale shaker/degasser, Platform

Blowout - Due to swabbing, low fluid viscosity (wellunderbalanced), well fluid loss,Blowout with BOP off during final completion

Blowout with BOP installedLoss of containment due to incorrect operation orhuman errorDamage to wellhead equipmentFailure of chicksan lines during BOP pressure testPlugged or obstructed choke and kill lines

Lost circulation

Mobile Equipment

Electrical

Working at Height

Rotating EquipmentNoise

Explosives

Fluid migration

Compressed Air

Welding

Confined space

Testing Radioactive sources


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Drilling




Control Methods/Philosophy

Operations Concept 1 train, x-trains, simplification, tie-in to existinginfrastructure

Manning Levels Manned / Unmanned, Emergency Response, travel,access to experience pool, Accommodation

MaintenancePhilosophy

See Below

Control Philosophy Appropriate technology, (DCS/local panels),hydraulics, telemetry, alarms, interface

Communications Ship to shore, vessel to vessel, intercompany interface

Emergency Response Isolation, ESD philosophy, fire fighting, intercompanyinterfaces

Concurrent Operations Production, maintenance requirements

Start-up Shutdown Modular or plant wide, interactions with 3 rd parties

General Dropped Objects Dropped travelling block. Elevators, BOPFailure of air driven winches including man-rider(dropped load)Dropped objects during fishingDrill string parting during jarring in fishing operations,during left hand torque in fishing opsDrill string parting during casing retrieval in fishing opsDropped loose objects from derrick during jarringCranes/gantry cranes (dropped crane loads)Dropped casing / dropped tubularsFalling objects from mast/derrickDropped Christmas tree

Structural Failure /Rupture /Overpressurisation

Barite / cement storage tank rupture

Mechanical Failure Failure of tong makeup/breakout chainsStabbing board failureLifting/hoisting equipment failure

High pressure hoseand associated fittingsfailure / high pressurelines / chicksans

fall from heights

iron roughneckcollision with personnel

stuck pipe

crane colliding withderrick/mast

evacuation / escaperouting

severe weather

failure of emergencypower/generators todrilling facilities

man riding drill floor


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Drilling




simultaneousoperations

General Rigging Down DrillingFacilities

Derrick structure falls whilst lifting A-FrameRig packages drop onto wellhead/platform facilitiesVessel engine failure during heavy lift operationsUncontrolled load/crane movements during heavy liftsLifting equipment failures (sling, shackle, pad eye etc)Crane failure whilst transporting loadDropped objectsWorking at heightsHydrocarbon ignition due to hot workHeavy lift operationsWhile working on scaffolding, person slips and fallsinto seaEscape routes during rigging down on the platformChemical spills to seaEquipment on vessel shifts and strikes personnelTank topplingDeclamping

Lifting Rig AndSupporting EquipmentIn Place

Sub structure tanks/vessel falling off if not securedLifting derrick A-Frame on rig floor during rigging upEscape routes during rigging upDropped BOP stackWorking at heights/scaffoldingHot work-ignition source fire

Simultaneous operations hook-up, commissioning,testing etc.Lifting operationsCrane collision during simultaneous operationsCrane operationsStrong windscollision of vessel with platform whilst offloading cargoDerrick structure collapsesLoose packages on vesselDropped crown sectionDiesel line failure

Radiated heat from flareHazardousSubstances

Fire/Explosion Failure of fire water system to rig facilitiesWell fluid fires during drillingFire/explosion in mud room from returnsVapour cloud explosion on the seaVapour cloud explosion in mud pump roomVapour cloud explosion on drill floor areaFire in shale-shaker house, mud pit/pump room, sackstoreElectrical fire


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Drilling




PlatformFunctions /

Activities

Subsurface Facilities WellsWellheadsGas Lift / Injection

Surface Facilities FlowlinesOil ProcessingGas Compression

Utilities Fuel GasFlare, Vent and DrainElectricity Generation + DistributionDiesel Storage and CirculationChemical Injection

Accommodation

Pipeline Operations

Inst / ElecMaintenance

MechanicalMaintenance

Water Handling

Crane Operations

Construction

Utility Systems Fire-fighting Systems Availability, CO 2, Halon, asphyxiation

Fuel Diesel, Fuel Gas, Heating Mediums, Storage

Power Supply Sufficient, Reliability, Exposure

Drains Environmental

Inert Gas

Waste Storage andTreatment

Chemical Storage Bottled Gas, Toxic Storage,

Instrument System Compressed Air, Instrument Gas, Power Gas

Potable Water

Sewerage


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Personnel Hazards




Health Hazards Disease Hazards Personal and/or catering, contaminated water orfoodstuff

Asphyxiation hazards Asphyxiating atmospheres, failure to use appropriatePPE, working in confined spaces, smoke, exhaust,Halon / CO 2 fire protection

Carcinogenic Chemicals in use

Toxic Hazardous atmosphere, asphyxiating atmosphere,chemicals in use hydrogen sulphide, toxic fumesfrom fire, smoke / CO from fire

Physical Noise (continuous, intermittent), vibration, radiation(ionising, e.g. radioactive scale or non-ionising (e.g.,UV, sunlight), ergonomics, material handling

Mental Shift patterns

Transport Excessive journeys, extreme weather, quality of roads,boat transfers

Electrocution

Machinery Rotating machinery, hand tools, heavy machines

Access Access limitations to machinery

Drowning

Slips / Trips and Falls Falls from height, Dropped Objects

Divers Divers working offshore sinking cable up to lowerwater mark, general diver assistance

Steam

Asbestos

Radioactive sources Scale deposits, well logging sourcesHuman Error

Poisoning


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Operabili ty / Maintainabili ty



Category Guideword Expanders

Operability /Maintainability

Operations Regular operator dutiesRelative locations of equipmentWeather protection

Access to DCS and other controls

Equipment isolations (process, electrical)Environmental impact (spills, emissions, WOB)Fire and Gas detection

Operability /Maintainability

Maintenance Pressure Vessel inspectionEquipment preparation for maintenanceMachinery servicingCritical Function TestingInstrumentation servicingStorage and laydown areasCrane access and lifting equipment

Communications


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Constructability




General Shutdown requirements Tie-ins to existing systemsWorking over live equipment,

Timing of construction What Production windows are available (GMS etc.)What are the weather window requirements(seasons)What are the periods of environmental significancewhale season,-disturbance to breeding areas (Fish spawning, birdcolonies)

Concurrent operations Construction impacts,Safety management,Diving,Heavy lifts

Construction sequence What are the key construction sequence issues

What flexibility is there in the sequenceMobilisation/demobilisation Working over live pipelines

Proximity to the MLA structure

Simplification for design Are there any unusual materials Are there any items that can be standardizedHas the number of components been minimizedConnection details

Ability for site adjustments

Transportation andInstallation

Methods of transportEquipment size limitations

Module to module connectionsWorking at heights / scaffold requirementsPre assembly vs. Onsite assemblyMethods to minimize construction rework

Layouts Late placement of equipmentEase of future brown fields work

Materials Long lead / difficult to obtain materialsJointing of dissimilar materialsHeat treating on Site

Tension Projectiles,

cables under stress,vessels,mechanical equipment

Material handling Crane activities,Dropped objects,supply vessels,lay down areas

Load / Force Insufficient support / redundancy,additional loads during construction / commissioning


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Fire / Explosion




Flames/direct heat

Hot surfaces

Hot work (welding, flame

cutting, grinding)Mechanical sparks

Electrical equipment notclassified for hazardous areas

Faulty electrical equipment

Lightning

Helicopters/boats

Distressed equipment (e.g.overheated bearings)

Impact energy (e.g. tools,

dropped objects, projectiles)Chemical energy

Pyrophoric deposits

Static electricity

Illicit smoking

Hot soot particles

Potential Consequences ofLoss of Containment PlusIgnition

Jet fire (gas, atomised liquid or2-phase)Pool fire due to liquid rain-outfrom jet fire or low pressureliquid release

Pool fire on sea surface fromsubsea, cargo or offloadinghose release or run-off fromFacility

Gas fire on sea surface due toignited subsea release

Flash fire preceding jet/poolfire due to formation of aflammable vapour cloud priorto ignition

Explosion due to flash fire in aconfined or congested area

Potential EscalationMechanisms

Escalation to adjacentflammable inventories due tothermal radiation or explosionoverpressure

BLEVE due to flameimpingement onto a volatile


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Fire / Explosion



Category Guideword Expandersliquid inventory

Structural collapse due tothermal radiation or explosionoverpressure

Potential Fatality Mechanisms

Flame impingement to localpersonnel

Excessive thermal radiation tolocal, escaping or trappedpersonnel

Explosionoverpressure/projectiles

Prolonged exposure tosmoke/CO

Heat exhaustionToxic fumes generated bydecomposition due to heat


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Marine & Transport




General Shuttle tankers

Supply boats

Standby vessels/tugs

Diving support vessels (DSVs)Drilling rigs (MODUs)

Floating Production Units(MOPU)

Multi Support Vessels

Flotels

Cargo barges

Work boats

Crew boats/ferries

Derrick bargePipelay / trench barge

Dredging vessel

Rock dumping vessel

Passing merchant vessel

Errant submarine/warship

Fishing vessel

Hovercraft

Helicopter/aircraft

Potential Causes of IncidentHuman error (e.g. failure tokeep watch)

Propulsion/steering failure

DP system failure

Adverse weather

Mooring system failure

Potential Consequence

Progressive collapse of fixedinstallation due to impactdamage

Damage to risers due toimpact

Loss of containment toprocess kit due to impact byhelicopter


Potential fire or explosion dueto ignition following loss ofcontainment

Helicopter fire after crashinginto installation


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Marine & Transport





Impact injuries from initialimpact

Drowning due to helicoptercrashing into sea

Drowning due to collapse ofinstallation

Shark attack.


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Structural





Fixed platform foundations

Fixed platform jacket

Fixed platform deckEscape, TR and evacuationfacilities support structure

Essential emergency systemssupport structure

TR structure and envelope

Items of elevated structure(these could become fallingobjects)

Potential Causes of StructuralFailure

Corrosion

Erosion

Fatigue/vibration/vortexshedding

Brittle fracture (low temps orhydrogen enbrittlement)

Impact (dropped object,projectile, ship, helicopter, etc)

Subsidence/scour

CreepNatural causes (storm,earthquake, cyclone, tidalwave etc)

Operation beyond designenvelope

Inappropriate choice ofmaterials

Inadequate design

Potential Consequences ofStructural Failure

Loss of installation

Impairment of escape orevacuation facilities

Loss of essential emergencysystems

Falling objects (structure orequipment)


Impact

Drowning (due to loss ofinstallation)


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Structural




Hypothermia/exposure


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Dropped Object





Cargo containers

Gas bottle quads

Equipment modules (e.g.small gen set, fire pump etc)

Small objects from overheadworkers

Miscellaneous objects up tocapacity of cranes

Typical Elevated Items Thatcould Fall Due To StructuralFailure

Crane load (see above)

Crane/crane boom

Flare/vent stack

Elevated steelwork

Elevated equipment items

Potential Causes

Human error

Structural (e.g. pad eye) failure(see causes of structuralfailure)

Lifting slings failure

Mechanical failure (e.g. crane,winch failure)

Inadequate rigging

Failure of maximum load ortraverse limit alarm on cranes

Potential Consequences

High energy projectile


Loss of containment due to

impactStructural collapse due toimpact


Immediate fatality due to directimpact

Additional fatalities due toescalation


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Environment




Atmosphericemissions

Greenhouse gases (CO 2, CH 4, VOCs, etc)

Other toxics (SO x, NO x, CO, Hydrocarbons, Benzene, H 2S,etc)

Metal fumes / particulatesFlare volume & location

Vent volumes & location

Nitrogen or other purges

Combustion volumes &location

Fugitive emissions

Well testing

Impacts of shutdowns

Marine discharges Hydrocarbons

Chemicals

Physiochemical (Temperature, nutrients, BOD, COD, TSS, etc)

Other potential toxics (Metals,scale, particulates etc)

Volume of discharge

Ballast water issues (exoticspecies)

Drilling discharges fluids,cuttings, cement

Pipeline & hydrotest liquidsImpacts of shutdowns

Spills & Leaks(Hydrocarbons &Chemicals)

Potential for spills/leaks

Spill volumes/leaks

Controls in place

Other

Chemicals/MaterialManagement

Ozone depleting potential ofchemicals

Global warming potential

MSDS available [includingecotoxicology, toxicity,biodegradation (half life),bioaccumulation

Common with otherchemicals specified for useon facility

Compressed gases(cylinders)

Radioactive

Transportation, storage andtransfer issues


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Environment




WasteManagement

Source of waste andresponsibility (Operations,Construction, Installation,Drilling, 3rd Party Contractor)

Annual production of non-hazardous waste (solid &liquid)

Annual production ofhazardous waste (solid &liquid)

Recycling / Reuseopportunities

Vendor return systems

Any special considerations

Decommissioning, issues

Physical Presence Sea bed impacts (anchoring,gravity base, drilling, etc)

Pipeline issues

Potential decommissioningissues

Biological impacts [Marinemammals, turtles, fish,plankton] resulting fromactivity / process

Noise / Light / Navigational /

Refuge (human & ecological)issues

Sea bed impacts (anchoring,gravity base, drilling, etc)

Pipeline issues

Potential decommissioningissues

Biological impacts [Marinemammals, turtles, fish,plankton] resulting fromactivity / process

Noise / Light / Navigational /Refuge (human & ecological)issues

Health Issues Personnel exposure

Ionising & non-ionisingradiation

Noise

Vibration

Thermal environment

Heat / cold exposures andpersonnel protectionrequirements


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Environment

Nuffield Consultants Pty Ltd ABN 44 100 220 782


Ambient air quality issues[Exhausts/ Vents / Fugitives]

Chemical and hazardousmaterials requirements[MSDS available [includingexposure standards, first aid,storage etc data; acute andchronic]

Synthetic Mineral fibres(Ceramic, Glass fibre andMineral Wools)

Unacceptable materials (suchas asbestos)

Ergonomic Issues Environmental Factorsincluding Noise; Lighting;

Vibration; Air Temperature,Movement and Humidity.

Access

Manual handling ofequipment or materials

Workplace design

Displays and controlsorientation / readability /audibility

Operability & maintainability

Environmental Factorsincluding Noise; Lighting;Vibration; Air Temperature,Movement and Humidity.

Access

Manual handling ofequipment or materials

Workplace design

Displays and controlsorientation / readability /audibility

Operability & maintainabilitySocio-Economic Regulatory impacts present

& future

Regulator perception

Industry perceptions

General public perception

Social impacts [Shipping,fishing, oil & gas]

Technology / Resource &energy utilisation

Documents

Nuffield+HazID+Guidewords