Nuclear, Temperature, and EM Spectrum

Test Review

Copy this scenario down and refer to it for the next TWO

questions.

Angie stretches a large rubber band and then releases one of its

ends. The rubber band snaps back to its original shape.

1. When the rubber band was stretched, what type of energy did it contain?

– potential energy– kinetic energy– no energy type– energy of motion

2. As the rubber band was released and snapped back, it changed to

• a) potential energy b) kinetic energy• c) no energy type d) energy of position

3. In a nuclear FUSION reaction four nuclei are fused to form

– one helium nucleus and two positrons– one oxygen nucleus and two positrons– two helium nuclei and two positrons– four helium nuclei and positrons

4. Compared to the electrostatic forces, which hold electrons in orbit around the nucleus of an atom, the nuclear forces that bind protons and neutrons together within the nucleus are

– much weaker– about the same– much stronger– unknown

5. Thermonuclear reactions occur in our sun because the sun

– is very large– is very dense– is very hot– contains millions of neutrons

6. Draw a diagram of a chain reaction

7. What will happen to the neutrons released from this nuclear reaction if more uranium-235 atoms are available?

8. Briefly compare the processes of nuclear fission and nuclear fusion; discuss ALL of the following: (I) What is the difference between the two reactions? (II) What is the availability of the resource materials for each? (III) Which process is safer? (IV) Which process produces radioactive waste material?

Prewriting Activity

Question Fission Fusion

Difference in reactionAvailable resourcesSafer process?

Radioactive waste?

Pre-writingQuestion Fission Fusion

Difference in reaction

Division of a large nucleus

Union of smaller nuclei

Available resources

Uranium, difficult to store

Eventually will use non-radioactive H

Safer process?

One accident in nearly 100 years

Not readily available yet (one reactor in France)

Radioactive waste?

Core lasts 100 yrs. but is radioactive

No radioactive waste

9. Placing a metal spoon with a temperature of 200C into a cup of water with a temperature of 900C will cause the spoon to

– increase in temperature– decrease in temperature– remain the same temperature– contract in size

10. A thermos bottle keeps warm liquids warm and cold liquids cold. A thermos bottle must be made from a good

• a) heat-conducting material• b) heat-insulating material• c) heat-expanding material• d) heat-contracting material

11. A thermometer works on the principle that, when heated, the substance in the thermometer will

• a) contract• b) expand• c) remain the same size• d) release heat

• 12. Draw a graph showing temperature vs. particle movement.

13. A cloud forms by the process of condensation in which gaseous water changes into liquid water droplets. Heat is exchanged between the water and the surrounding air. During the process, the temperature of the surrounding air

• a) increases• b) decreases• c) remains the same • d) increases, then decrease

14. What is being measured when a thermometer is placed in a glass of water?

• The heat in the water• The intensity of the heat in the water• The number of molecules in the water• The expansion and contraction of the

water

15. An increase in the heat of a substance causes its molecules to

• move faster and farther apart• move faster and closer together• move slower and farther apart• move slower and closer together

16. When liquid water evaporates into water vapor, the water gains heat energy and the temperature of the water

• a) increases• b) decreases• c) remains the same• d) increases then decreases

17. The kinetic theory of matter states that matter is composed of tiny particles called molecules, and that these molecules are

• a) always stationary• b) traveling in a single direction• c ) in constant random motion• d) in motion only when they are heated

18. If you had a substance that was warm compared to a cold substance, which would you smell first? Explain your answer.

19. Describe and illustrate the heat exchange that takes place when warm soda is poured into a glass filled with ice.

20. Which of the following functions are X-rays often used for?

– radio and television broadcasting– communications and cooking food– diagnosing illnesses and injury– detecting low-flying aircraft

21. What kind of effect can overexposure to ultraviolet sunlight have on humans?

– no effect at all– always beneficial– potentially harmful– healthy in summer and harmful in winter