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Clgk Ksmka

Ohvt Fhmmbob Rglvbrslty

^kjlstkg.

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Gufmbkr Abilflgb kgi Lakolgo

Lgtrhiuftlhg0

Gufmbkr abilflgb ls k abilfkm

spbflkmty lgvhmvlgo tcb kppmlfktlhg hdrkilhkftlvb suestkgfbs lg tcbilkoghsls kgi trbktabgt hd ilsbksb.

Lt usbs sakmm kahugts hdrkilhkftlvb aktbrlkm th ilkoghsb kgiibtbralgb tcb sbvbrlty hd hr trbkt kvkrlbty hd ilsbksbs.

http://www.dreamstime.com/register?jump_to=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dreamstime.com%2Fstock-photo-stock-photo-nuclear-medicine-image31410

7/30/2019 Nuclear Medicine and Imaging

4/30

Dkst dkfts kehut Gufmbkr Abilflgb0

Fhst bddbftlvb.

Gbkrmy ;>> ilddbrbgt GAL prhfbiurbs.

^lgphlgt ahmbfumkr kftlvlty wltclgtcb ehiy.

Vkdbst ilkoghstlf lakolgo tbsts kvklmkemb.

Mbss kahugt hd rkilktlhg rbfblvbi.

^klgmbss kgi ih ght rbqulrb kgbstcbslk.

Kpprhxlaktbmy 9,>>> ehkri fbrtldlbi gufmbkr abilflgbpcyslflkgs kgi ;2,?>> fbrtldlbi gufmbkr abilflgbtbfcghmholsts whrmiwlib.

7/30/2019 Nuclear Medicine and Imaging

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Clsthry hd gufmbkr abilflgb & lakolgo0

;3

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Ycb sfhpb hd prkftlfb0

Ycb sfhpb hd prkftlfb lg gufmbkr abilflgb tbfcghmhoy lgfmuibstcb dhmmhwlgo krbks kgi rbsphgslelmltlbs0

^ktlbgt fkrb

[ukmlty fhgtrhm

Ilkoghstlf prhfbiurbs Ukilhpckrakfbutlfkms

Ki`ugftlvb abilfktlhgs

Lg vltrh ilkoghstlf tbstlgo

Hpbrktlhg hd lgstruabgtktlhg Lakolgo lgstruabgtktlhg

Ghg-lakolgo lgstruabgtktlhg

Ukilhgufmlib tcbrkpy

Ukilktlhg skdbty

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Ilkoghsls uslgo gufmbkr abilflgb0

K ilstlgftlvb dbkturb hdGAL ls tckt tcb rkilktlhg shurfbls lgtbrgkm, kialglstbrbi ilrbftmyth tcb pktlbgt.

Ycb okaak rkys balttbidrha tcb lgtbrgkm rkilktlhgshurfb krb usukmmy ibtbftbi eytcb okaak fkabrk.

Lg tcb okaak fkabrk,okaak rky rkilktlhg lsfhgvbrtbi th mloct pchthgs ey k

fhmmlakthr kgi k frystkm, tcbg thkg bmbftrlf slogkm ey kpchthaumtlpmlbr, kgi dlgkmmy th kglakob ey k fhaputbr.

Fhgstruftlhg hd Okaak rky fkabrk

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Ybfcglqubs hd ilkoghstlf gufmbkr lakolgo0

Ycbrb krb sbvbrkm tbfcglqubs hd ilkoghstlf gufmbkr abilflgb.

Ywh ilabgslhgkm tbfcglqubs Vflgtlorkpcy

Ycrbb ilabgslhgkm tbfcglqubs Vlgomb ^chthg Balsslhg Fhaputbi Yhahorkpcy

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Ywh ilabgslhgkm tbfcglqubs0

Vflgtlorkpcy0

Vflgtlorkpcy ls k dhra hd

ilkoghstlf tbst wcbrblgrkilhlshthpbs krb tkjbglgtbrgkmmy. Ycbg, okaakfkabrks fkpturb kgi dhratwh-ilabgslhgkm lakobs drha

tcb rkilktlhg balttbi ey tcbrkilhpckrakfbutlfkms.

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Ycrbb ilabgslhgkm tbfcglqubs0

V^BFY ls k 6I thahorkpclftbfcglqub tckt usbs okaakfkabrk iktk drha akgy

prh`bftlhgs kgi fkg ebrbfhgstruftbi lg ilddbrbgt

pmkgbs.

Akxlaua Lgtbgslty ^rh`bftlhg(AL^) hd k wchmbehiy phsltrhgbalsslhg thahorkpcy (^BY)

Vlgomb ^chthg Balsslhg Fhaputbi Yhahorkpcy0

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^hsltrhg Balsslhg Yhahorkpcy0

Vchrt-mlvbi phsltrhgbalttlgo lshthpb (;3D), lslgfhrphrktbi wltc kghrokglf suestkgfb sufc ks

omufhsb, frbktlgo D;3-

dmuhrhibhxyomufhsb, wclfcfkg eb usbi ks k akrjbr hdabtkehmlf utlmlzktlhg.

Lakobs hd kftlvltyilstrleutlhg tcrhuochut tcbehiy fkg schw rkplimy

orhwlgo tlssub, mljb tuahr,abtkstksls, hr lgdbftlhg.

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^rkftlfkm fhgfbrg lg Gufmbkr Lakolgo0

Ycb kahugt hd rkilktlhg drha ilkoghstlf gufmbkrabilflgb prhfbiurbs ls jbpt wltclg k skdb mlalt rbmktlvb thtcb bstkemlscbi "KMKUK" (Ks Mhw Ks UbkshgkemyKfclbvkemb) prlgflpmb.

Ycb rkilktlhg ihsb drha gufmbkr abilflgb lakolgo

vkrlbs orbktmy ibpbgilgo hg tcb typb hd stuiy.

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Fhaahg gufmbkr abilflgb(ugsbkmbi shurfb) tcbrkplbs0

Vuestkgfb Fhgiltlhg

Lhilgb-;6;-shilua lhilib cypbrtcyrhlilsa

kgi tcyrhli fkgfbr\ttrlua--lerltuahake tluxbtkg

(Pbvkmlg) kgi Lhilgb-;6;-thsltuahake (Ebxxkr)

rbdrkfthry myapchak

;6;L-ALEO(abtklhihebgzymoukglilgb)

Kirbgkm omkgi tuahr kgi gbrvbtlssub tuahr

Ukilhkftlvb ^chspchrhus ^-65 fbrtklg emhhi ilshribrs

Vkakrlua-;26 hr Vtrhgtlua-3< pkmmlktlvb ehgb pklg trbktabgt

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Fhaahgmy usbi rkilktlhg shurfbs(rkilhgufmlibs) dhr erkfcytcbrkpy0

Ukilhgufmlib Yypb Ckmd mldb Bgbroy

Fkbslua-;6? -rky 6>.;? ybkrs >.445 AbT

Fhekmt-4> -rky 2.54 ybkrs ;.;?, ;.66 AbT

Lrlilua-;.63 AbT

Lhilgb-;52 -rky 26 -rky ;?.> ikys 5; JbT

Uutcbglua-;>4 -pkrtlfmbs ;.>5 ybkrs 6.29 AbT

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Ebgbdlts vs rlsjs hd gufmbkr abilflgb0

Ebgbdlts0

Lt ls uglqub lgfmuilgo ibtklms hg ehtc dugftlhg kgi strufturb.

Lt ylbmi tcb ahst usbdum lgdhraktlhg gbbibi th akjb kilkoghsls.

Gufmbkr abilflgb ls mbss bxpbgslvb.

Lt aky ylbmi ahrb prbflsb lgdhraktlhg tckg bxpmhrkthrysurobry.

Lt hddbrs tcb phtbgtlkm th libgtldy ilsbksb lg lts bkrmlbststkob.

Fkg ibtbft wcbtcbr mbslhgs krb mljbmy ebglog hr akmlogkgt.

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Ulsjs0

Ycb rkilktlhg rlsj ls vbry mhw fhapkrbi wltc tcb phtbgtlkmebgbdlts. Ebfkusb tcb ihsbs hd rkilhtrkfbr kialglstbrbikrb sakmm.

Kmmbrolf rbkftlhgs th rkilhpckrakfbutlfkms aky hffur eutkrb bxtrbabmy rkrb kgi krb usukmmy almi.

Lg`bftlhg hd tcb rkilhtrkfbr aky fkusb smloct pklg kgirbigbss wclfc schumi rkplimy rbshmvb.

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Kppmlfktlhgs hd Gufmbkr Abilflgb0

Kg Lgtborkm ^krt hd ^ktlbgt Fkrb Gufmbkr abilflgbstuilbs fkg cbmp ilkoghsls kgi trbkt akgy ilsbksbs.

^cyslflkgs usb rkilhgufmlib lakolgo prhfbiurbs th

vlsukmlzb tcb strufturb kgi dugftlhg hd kg hrokg, tlssub, ehgbhr systba wltclg tcb ehiy.

Vhab krbks lg wclfc gufmbkr abilflgb ls usbi lgfmuib0

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Gburhmholfkm kppmlfktlhgs0

Vtrhjb Ibahgstrktb Fckgobs lg KLIV Ibabgtlk Bvkmuktb ^ktlbgts dhr Fkrhtli Vurobry Lgvbstloktb keghrakmltlbs lg tcb erklg, sufc ks

sblzurbs, abahry mhss kgi keghrakmltlbs lg emhhi dmhw Ibtbft tcb bkrmy hgsbt hd gburhmholfkm ilshribrs

sufc ks Kmzcblabr ilsbksb ^mkg surobry kgi mhfkmlzb sblzurb dhfl Bvkmuktb ^hst-Fhgfusslhg Vygirhab

7/30/2019 Nuclear Medicine and Imaging

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Hgfhmholf kppmlfktlhgs0

Yuahr Mhfkmlzktlhg Yuahr Vtkolgo Libgtldy Abtkstktlf Vltbs @uiob Ubsphgsb th Ycbrkpy Ubmlbvb Ehgb ^klg Fkusbi ey Fkgfbr Bvkmuktb rbsphgsb th tcbrkpy Ibtbft tcb rbfurrbgfb hd fkgfbr Ibtbft rkrb tuahrs hd tcb pkgfrbks kgi kirbgkm omkgis

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Hrtchpbilf kppmlfktlhgs0

Libgtldy Hffumt Ehgb Yrkuak (Vphrts Lg`urlbs) Ilkoghsb Hstbhaybmltls Bvkmuktb Krtcrltlf Fckgobs kgi Bxtbgt Mhfkmlzb Vltbs dhr Yuahr Elhpsy Abksurb Bxtbgt hd Fbrtklg Yuahrs Libgtldy Ehgb Lgdkrfts lg Vlfjmb Fbmm Ilsbksb Bvkmuktb Ehgbs dhr drkfturbs, lgdbftlhg kgi krtcrltls Bvkmuktb dhr abtkstktlf ehgb ilsbksb Bvkmuktb pklgdum prhstcbtlf `hlgts Bvkmuktb ehgb tuahrs

7/30/2019 Nuclear Medicine and Imaging

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Ubgkm Kppmlfktlhgs0

Ibtbft Rrlgkry Yrkft Hestruftlhg Ilkoghsb Ubgh vksfumkr Cypbrtbgslhg Abksurb Ilddbrbgtlkm Ubgkm Dugftlhg

Ibtbft Ubgkm Yrkgspmkgt Ub`bftlhg Ibtbft ^ybmhgbpcrltls Ibtbft Ubgkm Vfkrs Kgkmyzb gktlvb kgi trkgspmkgt jligby dugftlhg Bvkmuktb kgi dhmmhw-up urlgkry rbdmux lg pbilktrlf pktlbgts

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Fkrilkf Kppmlfktlhgs0

Ibtbft Fhrhgkry Krtbry Ilsbksb Abksurb Bddbftlvbgbss hd Eypkss Vurobry Ibtbft Cbkrt Yrkgspmkgt Ub`bftlhg Vbmbft ^ktlbgts dhr Eypkss hr Kgolhpmksty

Libgtldy Vurolfkm ^ktlbgts kt Cloc Ulsj dhr Cbkrt Kttkfj Abksurb Fcbahtcbrkpy Fkrilkf Yhxlflty Tlsukmlzb cbkrt emhhi dmhw kgi dugftlhg (sufc ks k

ayhfkrilkm pbrduslhg sfkg) Kssbss ikakob th tcb cbkrt dhmmhwlgo k cbkrt kttkfj Bvkmuktb trbktabgt hptlhgs sufc ks eypkss cbkrt surobry

kgi kgolhpmksty Bvkmuktb tcb rbsumts hd rbvksfumkrlzktlhg prhfbiurbs Bvkmuktb cbkrt dugftlhg ebdhrb & kdtbr fcbahtcbrkpy

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^umahgkry Kppmlfktlhgs0

Ilkoghsb ^umahgkry Baehml

Ibtbft ^umahgkry Fhapmlfktlhgs hd KLIV

[ukgtldy Mugo Tbgtlmktlhg kgi ^brduslhg

Ibtbft Mugo Yrkgspmkgt Ub`bftlhg

Ibtbft Lgckmktlhg Lg`ury lg Eurg ^ktlbgts

Vfkg mugos dhr rbsplrkthry kgi emhhi dmhw prhembas

Kssbss ilddbrbgtlkm mugo dugftlhg dhr mugo rbiuftlhg hr

trkgspmkgt surobry

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Htcbr Kppmlfktlhgs0

Ilkoghsb kgi Yrbkt Cypbrtcyrhlilsa. Fcrhglf Elmlkry Yrkft Ilsdugftlhg Ibtbft Kfutb Okstrhlgtbstlgkm Embbilgo Ilkoghsb kgi Yrbkt Emhhi Fbmm Ilshribrs

Libgtldy lgdmkaaktlhg hd tcb okmmemkiibr Libgtldy embbilgo lgth tcb ehwbm kssbss phst-hpbrktlvb fhapmlfktlhg hd okmmemkiibr surobry Bvkmuktb dbvbr hd ugjghwg hrlolg Mhfktb tcb prbsbgfb hd lgdbftlhg Abksurb tcyrhli dugftlhg th ibtbft kg hvbrkftlvb hr ugibrkftlvb tcyrhli Bvkmuktb dhr cypbr-pkrktcyrhlilsa Bvkmuktb sthakfc baptylgo Bvkmuktb splgkm dmuli dmhw kgi phtbgtlkm splgkm dmuli mbkjs

7/30/2019 Nuclear Medicine and Imaging

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Lg fclmirbg, gufmbkr abilflgb ls kmsh usbi th0

lgvbstloktb keghrakmltlbs lg tcb bshpckous, jligbys kgilgtbstlgbs.

bvkmuktb tcb hpbggbss hd tbkr iufts kgi scugts lg tcb erklgkgi cbkrt.

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Mlaltktlhgs hd Obgbrkm Gufmbkr Abilflgb0

Gufmbkr abilflgb prhfbiurbs fkg eb tlab fhgsualgo. Lt fkgtkjb churs th ikys dhr tcb rkilhtrkfbr th kffuaumktb lg tcb

pkrt hd tcb ehiy ugibr stuiy kgi lakolgo aky tkjb up th

sbvbrkm churs th pbrdhra.

Ycb rbshmutlhg hd strufturbs hd tcb ehiy wltc gufmbkrabilflgb aky ght eb ks cloc ks wltc htcbr lakolgotbfcglqubs, sufc ks FY hr AUL.

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Vkdbty drha Gufmbkr Abilflgb0

Ycbsb krb kahgo tcb skdbst ilkoghstlf lakolgo bxkas kvklmkemb.

Ycb kahugt hd rkilktlhg drha k gufmbkr abilflgb prhfbiurb lsfhapkrkemb th, hr hdtbg tlabs mbss tckg, tckt hd k ilkoghstlf x-

rky.

_ltc ahst gufmbkr abilflgb prhfbiurbs, tcb pktlbgt rbfblvbskehut tcb skab kahugt hd rkilktlhg ks tckt kfqulrbi lg k dbwahgtcs hd ghrakm mlvlgo.

Ycb gufmbkr abilflgb pcyslflkg ls kemb th sbmbft tcb ahstkpprhprlktb bxkalgktlhg dhr tcb pktlbgt's pkrtlfumkr abilfkmprhemba, tcbrbey kvhlilgo kgy uggbfbsskry rkilktlhg bxphsurb.

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Gufmbkr abilflgb lg ^kjlstkg0

Lg ;

7/30/2019 Nuclear Medicine and Imaging

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^KBF kmsh skt up tcb rbsbkrfc lgstltutbs kmm hvbr tcbfhugtry, shab hd tcba krb ebmhw0

Kthalf Bgbroy Abilfkm Fbgtrb (KBAF) Aumtkg Lgstltutb hd Gufmbkr Abilflgb kgi Ukilhtcbrkpy (ALGKU) Lgstltutb hd Gufmbkr Abilflgb & Hgfhmhoy (LGAHM) ^ug`ke Lgstltutb hd Gufmbkr Abilflgbs (^LGRA) Lgstltutb hd Ukilhtcbrkpy & Gufmbkr Abilflgb (LUGRA) Fbgtrb dhr Gufmbkr Abilflgbs (FBGRA) Gufmbkr Lgstltutb hd Abilflgb & Ukilhtcbrkpy (GLAUK) Fbgtrb dhr Gufmbkr Abilflgb & Ukilhtcbrkpy (FBGKU) Ekckwkmpur Lgstltutb dhr Gufmbkr Hgfhmhoy (ELGH)

Mkrjkgk Lgstltutb hd Gufmbkr Abilflgb kgi Ukilhtcbrkpy (MLGKU) Gufmbkr Abilflgb Hgfhmhoy & Ukilhtcbrkpy Lgstltutb (GHUL) Lgstltutb Hd Gufmbkr Abilflgb Hgfhmhoy & Ukilhtcbrkpy (LGHU) Lgstltutb hd Gufmbkr Abilflgb, Hgfhmhoy kgi Ukilhtcbrkpy