Nuclear is “No(t) Clear”..!!( )

Adi NugrohoAdi NugrohoMANUSIA (Indonesia Society for Anti Nukes), volunteer

Society for Health Education Environment & Peace (SHEEP) IndonesiaSociety for Health Education Environment & Peace (SHEEP) IndonesiaJl. Bimokurdo 11 Sapen Yogyakarta Phone/Fax.+ 62 274 54 2030e-mail : office@sheepindonesia.org www.sheepindonesia.org

INDONESIA IS SUPERMARKET OF DISASTER

PESERTA LOKAKARYA NASIONAL II PENINGKATAN KAPASITAS ORGANISASIPENINGKATAN KAPASITAS ORGANISASI

MASYARAKAT SIPIL DALAM PENGURANGAN RESIKO BENCANA DI INDONESIA

17 ORGANISASI MASYARAKAT SIPIL 17 ORGANISASI MASYARAKAT SIPIL

DI PULAU SUMATRADI PULAU SUMATRA JAWA & BALIJAWA & BALIDI PULAU SUMATRA DI PULAU SUMATRA –– JAWA & BALIJAWA & BALI

Fact The Community in Muria Nuclear Power Plant has not received the

future Site Plan Construction in Jepara District (Bangsri Sub-district - Kembang & Keling)

BATAN approach the community through animal banking (cow) BATAN approach the community through animal banking (cow) project with insemination techniques that use radiosotopes (Beji village, Kembang) and the provision of rice seed (food irradiation) on the community future site plan and the farmers in Muria area.

Government of Jepara, only respond to BATAN’s “willingness” as an institution formed by Indonesia Government to conduct the feasibility study for the future Nuclear Power Plant financed by IAEA. (KOMPAS)(KOMPAS)

There is no analysis of the plan to build Nuclear Power Plant in Jepara District in Environmental Status - 2006, even Tanjung Jati Nuclear Plant just analyzed the SUTET network. j y

There are currently no plans associated with the Spatial Development plan unless the development of Tanjung Jati A and C nuclear power plant to strengthen the electric power capacity of Java Bali and Madura interconnectionJava, Bali and Madura interconnection.

Indonesia is “Supermarket of Disaster”

ELECTRICITY CRISIS (?)

PROBLEM The paradigm of development in Indonesia, the

interest of economic growth is more advanced compared to the ecosystem as a source of livelihoods.

Development of Java, Madura and Bali is always directly propotional to the energy requirementsdirectly propotional to the energy requirements (energy-intensive policy), 65% of Indonesia’s population on the island of Java.

There was an injustice electrical energy consumption (electricity needs of people between 450 watts to 900 watts not 1300 wattswatts not 1300 watts.

Stuttering utilization of reneweable energy

HISTORY 1967, the founding BATAN 1972 The government established the Commission on 1972, The government established the Commission on

Nuclear Power Development Plan 1975 there were 14 point locations and 5 of them in 1975, there were 14 point locations and 5 of them in

Central Java1989 BAKOREN d BATAN d id d t d t 1989, BAKOREN and BATAN decided to conduct a feasibility study and elected New Jec Japan to future it l t d d f ibilit t d f 4 5 site plan study and feasibility study for 4,5 years

starting from year 1991 to 1996

1993 30 Desember New Jec submit a Feasibility 1993, 30 Desember New Jec submit a Feasibility Study Report and Prelimentary Data Report, which recommends :

1. The Future Site Plan : Nuclear Power Plan – medium scale power plant and is located in Ujung p p j gGrenggengan, Lemahabang, and Ujungwatu Keling sub-district, Jepara District, Central Java

2. Non-Future Site Plan : ekonomic, more competitive than other plants, and capable of supplying the

l i i d i h felectricity needs in the future.3. 1997, Law No. 10 concerning Nuclear Power passed

b h I d i H f R iby the Indonesian House of Representatives

1998, Nucler Power Development Plan stalled because of economic crisis.

2001, During ex Indonesian President’s visit to Russia, Mrs.Megawati offered NPP ”Floating”

2001, BATAN signed an MOU with Korean Atomic Energy Research Instintute (KAERI) worth 200

illi d ll f f ibilit t d M d N l million dollars for feasibility study Madura Nuclear Power Plant, SMART is NPP (nuclear power plant) model will be developed with 2 reactor each model will be developed with 2 reactor, each reactor producing 100 MW (200 MW), in addition to generating electricity also produce salt and water –generating electricity also produce salt and water (4300m3/hr) – called a ”model of desalination”.

2002, BATAN approached the Government of Jepara to continue the Muria Nuclear Power Plant

2003, BATAN in cooperation with The Research Institute for Social Cultural Research- Diponegoro U i it S t P bli A t f th University, Semarang to Public Acceptance of the Muria Nuclear Power Plant Construction Plan2004 BATAN t i li t th h d f th ill 2004, BATAN to socialize at the head of the village in the vicinity of the site Lemahabang and discussion about development plans nuclear discussion about development plans nuclear power plant in Jepara

2005 BATAN in cooperation with Government of 2005, BATAN in cooperation with Government of Jepara to socialize NPP

2006, there was an earthquake in the southern coast with the episentrum in Bantul and tsunami in the southern coast (Pangandaran)southern coast (Pangandaran)

2006, there was an accident in Myhama Jepang Nuclear Power Plant (valve cooling pipe burst)( g p p )

2007, Indonesia signed a contract with South Korea Korea for Muria nuclear power plant in cooperation

ith MEDCO E (A ifi P i )with MEDCO Energy (Arifin Panigoro) 2007, there was an reactor accident in Kazhuimura-

6 8 SR tectonic earthquake6,8 SR tectonic earthquake 2007, 7,2 SR earthquake with 80 km epicenter barat

daya in Indramayu, West Java with a depth of 286 km threat)

1954Formation of the Communittee for Research of Radioactive

1958Rationalization Renewable Energy in Indonesia

1964CREATION OF NATIONAL ATOMIC ENERGY AGENCY (BATAN)

1965OPERATION OF TRIGA MARK II RESEARCH REACTOR: 250 KW

Act No 31 Yr 1964

1970Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty ENTERED INTO FORCED BY GOVT

1971OPERATION OF TRIGA MARK II RESEARCH REACTOR 1 MW

1972CREATION OF COMMISION FOR

PREPARATION OF NPP CONSTRUCTION

NPT RATIFICATION BY PARLIAMENT 1978

1979 OPERATION OF KARTINI RESEARCH REACTOR 100 kW

1987

GOVT DECISION FOR NPP DEVELPOMENT

OPERATION OF RSG RESEARCH REACTOR 30 MW

1989

NUCLEAR ACCIDENT NUCLEAR ACCIDENT –– TCHERNOBYL 1986TCHERNOBYL 1986

GOVT DECISION FOR NPP DEVELPOMENT

1991

1996

STARTING OF NPP FEASIBILITY STUDY

FINISHING OF NPP FEASIBILITY STUDY

1989

1998

2000

CREATION OF BATAN AND BAPETEN

OPERATION OF TRIGA MARK II RESEARCH REACTOR 2 MW

1997Act No 10 Yr 1997 NATIONAL NUCLEAR ACT

ECONOMIC/POLITICAL CRISISECONOMIC/POLITICAL CRISIS

2000

2002

OPERATION OF TRIGA MARK II RESEARCH REACTOR 2 MW

“CADES” STUDY – NPP POSSIBLE TO BE OPERATED IN 2016

Rationalization Renewable Energy in IndonesiaEnergy in Indonesia

Potential Availability RENEWABLE ENERGYPotential Availability RENEWABLE ENERGY (PRESIDENTIAL DECREE No. 5/2006)

Types of renewableenergy

Energy Potensial(MW)

InstalledCapacity(MW)

Percentage of installed capacity inIndonesia (%)

Percentage of potentialutilization (%)

(MW)

Geothermal 20.000 812 69,2 4,06

Mikrohidro 459 54 4,6 11,76

Surya 4,8 kWH/m2/Day 5 0,42

Angin 450000 0,5 0,05 0

Biomassa 50000 302 25,73 0,6

Total 1173,5 100 %

Sumber : Sumiarso, Luluk, Goverment Policy on New and renewable Source of Energy in Indonesia, Agustus 2001.y gy g

ENERGY MIX

ENERGY USED: MIX, OPTIMAL, INTELLIGENT, AND WISEENVIRONMENT INFRASTRUCTURE ENERGY SOURCES SOCIAL-CULTURE GEOPOLITIC ECONOMY

FOSSIL ENERGY(hydrocarbon resources) NEW & RENEWABLE ENERGY(hydrocarbon resources) NEW & RENEWABLE ENERGY

OIL COAL GAS NUCLEAR HYDRO,Mik h d

Solar, Wind, Biomass, Geothermal, HydrogenOIL COAL GAS NUCLEAR Mikrohydro

, y g

NATURAL RESOURCES BASE NATURAL RESOURCES BASE TECHNOLOGY BASETECHNOLOGY BASENATURAL RESOURCES BASE NATURAL RESOURCES BASE

LONGLONG--TERM NATIONAL ENERGY PLANNINGTERM NATIONAL ENERGY PLANNING

Sumber : RUKN, 2005

Target year 2025 for Energi Mix g y gENERGI MIX NASIONAL TAHUN 2000

Gas bumi31%

Batubara11%

PLTA4%Panas bumi

1%1%

ENERGI MIX NASIONAL TAHUN 2025(SKENARIO BaU)

Minyak bumi53%

Batubara34.6%

PLTA1.9%Panas bumi

ENERGI MIX NASIONAL TAHUN 2025(SKENARIO OPTIMALISASI)

PLTMH 0.216%Biofuel 1.335%

Batubara 32 7%Gas bumi

20.6%

Panas bumi1.1%

PLTMH0.1%

OPTIMALISASIPENGELOLAAN

ENERGI

Tenaga surya 0.020%Tenaga angin 0.028%Fuel cell 0.000%Biomassa 0.766%

Batubara 32.7%

PLTA 2.4%Panas bumi 3.8%

Other 4.4%

Gas bumi

Minyak bumi41.7%

Nuklir 1.993%Minyak bumi 30.3%

Gas bumi 26.5%

EstimateEstimateEstimateEstimateYear 2021 Electric Energy needsYear 2021 Electric Energy needs

Tahun 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 2025

D d (TJ) 380 000 491 000 674 000 989 000 1 201 000 1 620 000Demand (TJ) 380,000 491,000 674,000 989,000 1,201,000 1,620,000

Demand TWh) 105.260 136.007 186.698 273.953 332.677 448.740

Jawa (TWh) 84.21 108.81 149.36 191.77 216.24 291.68

L ar Ja aLuar Jawa (TWh) 21.05 27.20 37.34 82.19 116.44 157.06

Assumptions: average growth 7 9 %/yearAssumptions: average growth 7 – 9 %/year

The portion of electricity demand growth outside Java, was about 30 - 35% of the national total, after the year 2015Source: analysis and projection IWGPSR-Faby Tumewa-2005

S ( MW ) R (MW )Sources ( MWe ) Reseve (MWe)Location SPEKULATIVE HIPOTETIS PRESUMED ESTIMATE PROVEN

Installation(MWe)

SUMATRA 5630 2433 5419 15 389

JAWA - BALI 2450 1591 3076 603 1837

NUSA TENGGARA 125 448 612 14

2

785

NUSA TENGGARA 125 448 612 14

SULAWESI 950 125 663 110 65

MALUKU / IRIAN 325 117 142

-

20

MALUKU / IRIAN 325 117 142 - -

TOTAL 9530 4714 9912 728 2305

KALIMANTAN 50 ----

807TOTAL 9530 4714 9912 728 2305

14244 12945

27189

807

27189

Sumber : ET. Paripurno, UPN 2005

Development Assumption ENERGI MIX 2025

((Optimization Skenario)

PLTMH 0.216%

Biofuel 1.335%Batubara 32.7%

Tenaga surya 0.020%

Tenaga angin 0.028%

Fuel cell 0.000%PLTA 2.4%

P b i 3 8%Biomassa 0.766%

Panas bumi 3.8%

Other 4.4%

Gas bumi

Nuklir 1.993%

Minyak bumi 30.3%

Gas bumi 26.5%

Source : RUKN, ESDM, 2005

PROBLEMHi h C t I t t i t li High Cost Investment, never internalize external costs ( environment dan socio )(-environment dan socio-)

There is no information given on the idea pf society and the impact of nuclear power plantsociety and the impact of nuclear power plant

Still availability of alternative energy sources other than nuclear power plants are very p p yabundant, such as micro hydro, geothermal, oil, natural gas and coal that has not been used optimallyused optimally.

Development Moratorium by limiting the demand for electricity in Java and Bali todemand for electricity in Java and Bali to fairness of distribution and energy efficiency

The thread of accidents is very high either human error or disaster in Indonesiahuman error or disaster in Indonesia

More and more countries have started to More and more countries have started to stop and replace nuclear power with renewable energy such as the EU policy to

li i t l ieliminate nuclear energy as primary energy supply by 2020 with more friendly environmentally energy and suistanableenvironmentally energy and suistanable

Military intervention in the security and use of the former nuclear fuel as raw material for bom/ nuclearformer nuclear fuel as raw material for bom/ nuclear weapons

Lack of coordination of agencies involved, the Ministry of Mines and Energy was not aware of this mega plan because it was handled by the Research and Technology Batan and Bakoren (National EnergyTechnology, Batan and Bakoren (National Energy Coordinating Board) which of course is the one thing that needs to be questioned specifically

The level of technology dependence and uranium fuel and post operative management of very high

WHY WE MUST AGAINST NPP ??Nuclear Technology is technology that has a very high risk Called theNuclear Technology is technology that has a very high risk. Called the risk is very high, because if a leak radiation, the radiation that is :

Laten, meaning that if a person exposed to nuclear radiation, with , g p p ,more power, then the effects of radiation can be passed down from one generation to the next. So many people are exposed to radiation, an impact looks 20 years later.p y

Carsinogen, meaning it can cause cancer, which has been known to be caused by radiation nuclear is leukemia, lymph cancer, bone cancer, brain cancer, and others.

Catastrophic, meaning that at a certain level then a nuclear accident d h d d h i Thcan cause mass death and servere damage to the environment. The

accident at Chernobyl is one example of catastrophic cases, given the contaminated area of radiation is very wide and swallow a lot of

lticasulties.

Against NUCLEARAgainst NUCLEAR POWER PLANTPOWER PLANT

meanmeanReduce the risk of oneReduce the risk of one disaster in Indonesiadisaster in Indonesia

NUCLEARNUCLEARUC??….??

NO(t)CLEARNO(t)CLEAR..!!.!!