Atomic Bomb Manhattan Project (1939 to 1945) Robert Oppenheimer
Response to Nazi Germany Atomic bomb tested on July 16 th, 1945 Los
Alamos The Gadget Uranium-235 and process of fission Dropped on
Japan Little Boy Fate Man
Slide 4
Japan Attacks: Hiroshima Hiroshima bomb called Little Boy
August 6 th, 1945 Aircraft called Enola Gay 16 kilotons of TNT
70,000 to 80,000 people died initially Japanese 2 nd General Army
causalities 12 American deaths Gun-type fission weapon made with
Uranium-235
Slide 5
Japan Attacks: Nagasaki Bombs named was Fat Man (August 10 th,
1945) Exploded between the Mitsubishi Steel and Arms Works and
Mitsubishi and the Urakami Ordnance Works Killed between 40,000 and
75,000 people initially 21 kiloton yield and generated heat
equivalent to 3,900 degrees Celsius
Slide 6
Robert Oppenheimer I have become death...the destroyer of
worlds.
Slide 7
Impact on Japan Japan surrendered 6 days after the bombing of
Nagasaki September 2 nd, 1945 Officially ending World War II Japan
adopted Three Non- Nuclear Principles 90,000 to 160,000 people in
Hiroshima and 60,000 to 80,000 people in Nagasaki died the deaths
resulted on the first day 60% from fire flashes
Slide 8
Hydrogen Bomb Created by Edward Teller Bomb was created in 1952
Heat of atomic bomb would ignite the hydrogen A canister would
divide the atomic bomb and hydrogen fuel Experimental bomb Mike
Bikini atoll November 1 st, 1952 Vaporized the island of Elugelab
700 times the power of the atomic bomb dropped at Hiroshima
Radioactive mud and acid rain fell Area of 27 miles high and 8
miles wide
Slide 9
Neutron Bomb Created by Edward Teller Designed by Samuel Cohen
Tested on 1963 at the Lawrence Radiation Laboratory Test
underground, 70 miles away from Las Vegas Added to the United
States arsenal Fusion process and x-ray mirrors and an inert
shelling case Bombs are significantly smaller, but still offer a
similar kilotons of energy
Slide 10
Soviet Union August 29 th, 1949- Joe One; copycat of Fat Man
Soviet Spies (Harry Gold and Klaus Fuchs) Captured intelligence
from Manhattan Project True hydrogen bomb test on November 22 nd,
1955 with a 1.6 megaton blast October 23 rd, 1961 another bomb with
a yield of 58 megatons October 4 th, 1957 The Soviet Union launched
Sputnik into Earths orbit America responded on October 31 st, 1959
with their own missile launch
Slide 11
Potsdam Conference July 24 th, 1945 An agreement between GB and
US waited to inform Stalin about the Manhattan Project Feared
Stalin would risk information to German Spies However, Stalin had a
ring of spies (Theodore Hall and Klaus Fuchs) Spies provided
information for hydrogen bomb and implosion bomb Stalin wasnt mad
as expected, at the conference
Slide 12
BRAVO Test March 1 st, 1954 (another hydrogen bomb at the
Bikini Atoll Explosion underestimated 14.8 megatons rather than 5
megatons Largest test done by the United States Blast reached 300
miles away Affected U.S soldiers and unfortunate residents Japanese
fishermen
Slide 13
Duck and Cover Produced in 1951 by the United States federal
governments Civil Defense
Slide 14
Overall Outcome Nuclear Arms race (1941-1991) United States and
Soviet Union realized they had enough nuclear weapons to destroy
each other Mutual Assured Destruction The Soviet Union and the
United States realized that they would severally damage each other
This realization prevent the use of nuclear weapons United States
resisted use of nuclear weapons during Korean War President
Eisenhower opposed use of nukes Non-Proliferation Treaty (todays
goals)