ntspaDg;gg;gl;L ,lh;fSf;F ntspg;gLj;jg;gLNthh; · ntspaDg;gg;gl;L ,lh;fSf;F ntspg;gLj;jg;gLNthh; rTjp mNugpah> Fitj;> nygdhd; ... rPl;Lf;fis gwpKjy; nra;jy; ... Kd;Ndw;Wk; XH nfhs;ifiaj

November 2007 Volume 19, No. 16(C)

ntspaDg;gg;gl;L ,lh;fSf;F ntspg;gLj;jg;gLNthh;

rTjp mNugpah> Fitj;> nygdhd; kw;Wk; If;fpa

muGfs; ,uhr;rpaj;jpy; ,yq;if tPl;Lg;

gzpg;ngz;fSf;nfjpuhd J\;gpuNahfq;fs;

I. rhuhk;rk; ............................................................................................................. 1

Kf;fpakhd ghpe;Jiufs; ......................................................................................................... 8

II. gpd;dzp .......................................................................................................... 10

,yq;ifapy; ngz;fs; kw;Wk; AtjpfsJ me;j];J ........................................................10 ,yq;ifg; ngz;fs;; njhopYf;fhf Gyk;ngaHtjw;fhd jPHkhdq;fSk; mjid

“epHg;ge;jpf;Fk; fhuzpfSk;”..................................................................................................13

kj;jpa fpof;fpw;F ,yq;ifg; ngz;fspd; njhopy; hPjpahd Gyk;ngaHT .....................17

III. Gyk;ngau vz;Zk; ngz;fs; ,yq;ifapy; vjpHnfhs;Sk; J;gpuNahfq;fs;

............................................................................................................................22

,yq;ifapd; xOq;fikf;fg;gl;l fl;liikg;G kw;Wk; Ml;NrHg;G eilKiw......... 22

Ml;NrHg;G fl;lzKiw kw;Wk; fld; nfhLg;gdTfs;.................................................... 27

Ml;NrHg;G kw;Wk; Ml;flj;Jjypy; Vkhw;Wjy; kw;Wk; jfty;fs; toq;fhik........... 39

Gwg;gLjYf;F Kd;djhd kUj;Jtg; ghpNrhjidAk; tYf;fl;lha fHg;gj;jilAk;.. 48

IV. rT+jp mNugpah> Fitj;> nygdhd; kw;Wk; If;fpa muGfs; ,uhr;rpaj;jpy;

J;gpuNahfq;fs; .................................................................................................... 54

Ntjdf; nfhLg;gdtpd;ik kw;Wk; Fiwe;j Ntjdk; ......................................................55

Ntjdr; Ruz;ly; ..................................................................................................................... 63

cly; kw;Wk; cs hPjpahd J;gpuNahfk; ............................................................................69

czT kWf;fg;gLjy; kw;Wk; Nghjpa trjpfsw;w tho;f;if epiyikfs; ................82

flTr;rPl;Lf;fis gwpKjy; nra;jy;> gyte;jkhfj; jLj;J............................................ 87

itj;jy; kw;Wk; kl;Lg;gLj;jg;gl;l njhlHghly; trjpfs; .............................................. 87

tPL jpUk;Gjy; kPjhd jilfs; .......................................................................................... 93

fl;lha Ntiy ........................................................................................................................ 97

Ntiynfhs;Sk; ehLfspYs;s njhopy; KftHfshy; ................................................ 108

Nkw;nfhs;sg;gLk; Ruz;ly; eilKiwfs; ...................................................................... 108

V. gaDWjpahd eptHj;jpfSf;F ghJfhg;G Kiwfspyhd jtWjy;fSk;

jilfSk;........................................................................................................... 115

rHtNjr kdpj chpikfs; rl;lj;jpd; fPo; murhq;fj;jpd; flg;ghL.............................. 115

,U jug;G njhopy; xg;ge;jq;fs; .........................................................................................118

,yq;if murhq;fj;jpd; gjpypWg;G .................................................................................... 120

Gwg;gLjYf;F Kd;dhd ghJfhg;G KiwfspYs;s jtWjy;fs;...........................121

,yq;iff;F kPs;jpUk;gpa gpd;dH ghjpg;gile;jtUf;fhd .......................................137

NritfspYs;s FiwghLfs; .......................................................................................137

rT+jp mNugpah> Fitj;> nygdhd; kw;Wk; If;fpa muGfs;........................................144

,uhr;rpak; Nghd;w Ntiynfhs;Sk; ehLfspd; gjpypWg;G............................................144

njhopy; rl;lq;fspypUe;J jtpHj;jik.........................................................................144

FbtuT rl;l xOq;F tpjpfs; ..................................................................................... 148

Kiwaplg;gl;l J;gpuNahfq;fis tprhhpj;jy; kw;Wk; tof;F njhLj;jy; ............. 151

VI. KbTiu kw;Wk; ghpe;Jiufs;.......................................................................155

VII. ed;wpAiu.................................................................................................... 166

1

I. rhuhk;rk;

mjpfhiy 3.30 kzpf;F ehd; gLf;iff;Fr; nrd;whYk; fhiy 5.30

kzpf;F ehd; vOk;g Ntz;Lk;.... es;spuT 1.00 kzptiu rpy

rkak; mjpfhiy 3.00 kzptiu njhlHr;rpahf vdf;F

Ntiy ,Uf;Fk;. xU jlit ehd; vdJ v[khdpaplk;

“cq;fisg; NghyNt ehDk; XH kD\p> vdf;F xU

kzpj;jpahykhtJ Xa;T Njit” vdf; $wpNdd;. mjw;F mtH

“ eP ,q;Nf Ntiy nra;a te;jpUf;fpwha;@ eP vdJ fhyzpfisg;

Nghd;wts;> Xa;tpy;yhky; eP ciof;f Ntz;Lk;”> vd vd;dplk; $wpdhH.

epiyikfs; Nkhrkile;jd. ehd; Ntiyia tpl;L tpyf

tpUk;Gtjhf v[khdpaplk; $wpNdd;. Mdhy; mtNuh vd;id

Kfthplk; mioj;Jr; nry;ytpy;iy...(mtuJ fztd;) “eP Nghfg; Nghfpd;whah> eP Nghfg; Nghfpd;whah?” vdf; Nfl;L vdJ jiykapiug; gpbj;J ,Oj;Jj; jd; iffshy; vd;id mbj;jhd;.

mtd; rikayiwf;Fs; nrd;W XH fj;jpia vLj;j te;J vd;idf;

nfhd;W rpW Jz;Lfshf ntl;b mtw;iw XH mYkhhpapy; Nghl;L

tplg;Nghtjhf kpul;bdhd;... ,e;j Ntisapy; mtHfs; vdf;F

ehd;F khj rk;gsg; ghf;fp NtW juNtz;bapUe;jJ......

,q;F NkYk; NkYk; mg;ghtpg; ngz;fs; ntspehL Nghfpd;wdH.

mj;Jld; Nghtjw;Fk; jpl;lkpl;bUf;fpd;wdH. ,J ngz;fs;

jq;fspd; ghJfhg;igj; jhq;fNs ifahsNtz;ba epiyf;F

Mshf;FfpwJ. ,yq;if murhq;fk; vq;fs; %yk;

ey;y ,yhgj;ij ngWfpwJ. vq;fisg; ghJfhg;gjw;F mtHfs;

$Ljy; ftdk; nrYj;Jjy; Ntz;Lk;.

—Fkhhp ,e;Jepy;> 23 taJ> Fitj;jpy; gzpahw;wpa Kd;dhs;

tPl;Lg; gzpg;ngz

jq;fSf;Fk;> jq;fs; FLk;gj;Jf;Fk; Mjutspf;f Ntz;ba JHg;ghf;fpa

epiyAlDk;> tPl;by; xU rpy gaDs;s topfisANk nfhz;l 125>000f;Fk;

mjpfkhd ,yq;ifg; ngz;fs; xt;nthU tUlKk; tPl;Lg;gzpahsh;fshf

kj;jpa fpof;fpw;Fg; Gyk;ngaHfpd;wdH. mtHfsJ tUkhdk; ,yq;ifg;

nghUshjhuj;jpw;F fzprkhdNjhH gq;fspg;ig toq;FfpwJ. ,Ue;Jk; gy

Gyk;ngaUk; ngz;fs; ngUk; nrhe;jr; nrytpNyNa njhlHe;Jk; ,e;j

cghaj;ijf; iff;nfhz;L tUfpd;wdH.

2

,yq;ifapYs;s NeHikaw;w njhopy; KftHfs; kw;Wk; Jiz KftHfs;

mjpfstpy; rl;ltpNuhjkhd> kpf mjpfkhd Ml;NrHg;Gf; fl;lzq;fis

mwtpLtJld; ngz;fis mtHfsJ vjpHghHf;Fk; njhopy; Fwpj;Jk;

Vkhw;WfpwhHfs;. rT+jp mNugpah> Fitj;> nygdhd; kw;Wk; If;fpa

muGfs; ,uhr;rpaj;jpy; njhopw; rl;lq;fs; tPl;Lg; gzpahsHfis

cs;slf;ftpy;iy> mtHfs; jq;fs; gzpGhpAk; ,lq;fspNyNa

milgl;ltHfshf rpwpa Ntjdj;jpw;fhf ePz;l kzpj;jpahyq;fs; mjpf Ntiy

nra;a Ntz;batHfshf cs;sdH. rpy re;jHg;gq;fspy;> Ntiy nfhs;NthH

my;yJ njhopy; KftHfs; ,t;tPl;Lg; gzpahsHfis cly; hPjpahd

J\;gpuNahfk;> ghypay; J\;gpuNahfk; my;yJ fl;lha Ntiy nra;jy;

vd;gtw;Wf;F Mshf;Ffpd;wdH. jw;nghOJs;s vz;zpf;iffs;

J\;gpuNahfq;fspd; msitf; Fiwj;J kjpg;gpLifapy;> ,yq;if murhq;fNkh

Gyk;ngaHe;J nrd;w tPl;Lg; gzpg;ngz;fspy; ,lh;g;gl;L 50 NgHfshtJ

ehshe;jk; jpUk;gp tUtjhfTk; kw;Wk; ntspehl;bYs;s J}Jtuhyaq;fs;

Ntjdk;; toq;fhik> ghypay; njhe;juTfs; kw;Wk; mjpf Ntiyg;gS Nghd;w

Kiwg;ghLfSld; ,g;gzpahsHfshy; epuk;gp toptjhfTk; mwptpf;fpwJ.

Gyk;ngaHe;j njhopyhsHfs;

vjpHnfhs;Sk; ,r;Ruz;ly; ,ufrpakhdnjhd;wy;y. ,g; gpuhe;jpaj;jpYs;s

Clfq;fs; nfhûkhd J\;gpuNahfq;fs; Fwpj;jhd nra;jpfis mbf;fb

ntspapLfpd;wd. “rpj;jputijapd; fij nrhy;Yk; cile;j tpuYk;>

kzpf;fl;nlYk;Gk;”> “Urpaw;w czit rikj;jjw;fhf ,yq;ifg;

gzpg;ngz;Zf;F ifapy; #L”> “Nrhk;Ngwpj;jdkhf ,Ue;jikf;Fg; gzpg;ngz;

rpj;jputij nra;ag;gl;Lf; nfhiy”> kw;Wk; “,yq;ifg; gzpg;ngz; tsHg;Gg;

G+idapd; czit cz;z epHg;ge;jpf;fg;gl;lhH”> Nghd;w nra;jpj; jiyg;Gf;fis ,e;jr; nra;jp mwpf;iffs; nfhz;Ls;sd.

1

,g;gbahdNjhH tpopg;GzHT cs;sNghJk;> ,yq;if murhq;fk;> rT+jp

mNugpah> Fitj;> nygdhd; kw;Wk; If;fpa muGfs; ,uhr;rpak;

1 kpuh[; hp];tp> “rpj;jputijapd; fij nrhy;Yk; cile;j tpuYk; kzpf;fl;nlYk;Gk;”> f`hyp[;

ilk;]; (Lgha;> I.m.,) xf;NlhgH 11> 2004.

http://www.khaleejtimes.com/DisplayArticle.asp?section=theuae&xfile=data/ theuae/2004/ october/theyae_october218.xml (ghHitapl;lJ nrg;nlk;gH 6>2007)@ nlg];hP S., “Urpaw;w czitr; rikj;jjw;fhf ,yq;ifg; gzpg;ngz;Zf;F ifapy; #L”> f`hypj; ilk;]; (Lgha;>

I.m.,) Mf];l; 18> 2004.

http://www.khaleejtimes.com\DisplayArticleNew.asp?section=theuae&xfile=data/theuae/2004/august/theuae_august408.xml (ghHitapl;lJ nrg;nlk;gH 6> 2007)@ myp`_th\;>

“Nrhk;Ngwpj;jdkhf ,Ue;jikf;F gzpg;ngz; rpj;jputij nra;ag;gl;L nfhiy”> muGr;

nra;jpfs; (n[l;lh> rT+jp mNugpah) [_d; 8> 2007. Error! Hyperlink reference not

valid. (ghHitapl;lJ nrg;nlk;gH 6> 2007)@ “,yq;ifg; gzpg;ngz; tsHg;Gg; G+idapd;

czit cz;z epHg;ge;jpf;fg;gl;lhH”> nla;yp epA+]; (nfhOk;G> ,yq;if)> [_d; 19> 2007.

http://www.dailynews.lk/2007/06/19/main_News.asp (ghHitaplg;gl;lJ [_d; 19> 2007).

3

vd;gd ,g;gzpahsHfisg; ghJfhg;gjw;F XH rhjhuz juj;jpyhd njhopy;

ghJfhg;igf; $l toq;fj; jtwpAs;sd. Nghl;bj; jd;ikAk;> CoYk; epiwe;j

Ml;NrHg;Gj; Jiwapy; ,yq;if ,d;dKk; fl;Lg;ghl;ilf; nfhz;bUf;ftpy;iy

vd;gJld; J\;gpuNahfj;jpw;Fs;shd gzpg; ngz;fSf;F XH NghJkhd

cjtpaspf;Fk; Nritfis my;yJ KiwapLtjw;fhdNjhH tpidj;jpwdhd

nghwpKiwia cUthf;ftpy;iy. Xa;T ehl;fs;> Ntiy nra;Ak; Neuq;fs;

kPjhd tiuaiwfs; kw;Wk; rpy ehLfspy; XH Fiwe;jgl;r Ntjdk; cl;gl

Vida midj;J CopaHfSk; mDgtpf;Fk; cj;juthjq;fis ,e;j Ntiy

nfhs;Sk; ehLfs; epiwNtw;whky; ,Ue;jd.

njhopyhsHfs; Gyk;ngaHT ,yq;iff;Fg; ngUkstpy; ,yhgfukhdJ.

2006,y;> ,yq;ifapd; ,e;j ,lk; khwpr; nry;Yk; njhopyhsHfs; ehl;bw;F 2.33

gpy;ypad; mnkhpf;f nlhyHfis mDg;gp itj;Js;sdH - ,J nkhj;j

cs;ehl;L cw;gj;jpia tpl 9% mjpfkhdJld; ehL ngw;Wf; nfhz;l

ntspehl;L cjtp kw;Wk; Neubahd ntspehl;L KjyPLfs; ,ize;j

njhifia tpl 526 kpy;ypad; mnkhpf;f nlhyHfs; mjpfkhdjhFk;. jw;NghJ

cs; mDg;Gk; njhifahdJ ijj;j Milfs; Vw;Wkjpf;F mLj;J ,uz;lhtJ

gpujhd Vw;Wkjpg; nghUshd Njapiy Vw;Wkjpia tplf; $LjyhdNjhH

tUkhdk; <l;Lk; Njhw;Wthahf cs;sJ. njhopyhsH Gyk;ngaHT ,yq;ifapy;

Ntiyapy;yhikg; gpur;rpidiaj; jzpg;gJld; ehl;bw;fhd Kf;fpakhdNjhH

me;epar; nryhtzpia <l;Lk; tskhfr; nraw;gLfpwJ. ,yq;ifapd; nkhj;j

cs; mDg;Gk; njhifapy; Gyk;ngaH gzpg;ngz;fs; 60 tPjj;jpw;Fk; Nky;

gq;fspf;fpd;wdH.

tWikf; Fiwg;Gf;fhd ,yq;if murhq;fj;jpd; cghaq;fs; kw;Wk; mjd;

tHj;jfg; gw;whf;Fiwiaf; Fiwg;gjw;F cs; mDg;Gk; njhiffs;

Kf;fpakhditahjyhy; ,yq;if murhq;fk; ntspehl;L Ntiy tha;g;Gf;fis

Kd;Ndw;Wk; XH nfhs;ifiaj; jPtpukhf mDrhpf;fpwJ. fPNo tpsf;fg;gl;Ls;s

mz;ika rPHjpUj;jq;fis tpl> ,f; nfhs;iffs; mjpfk; XH kdpjj;Jt

mk;rk; ,y;yhky;> kdpj chpikfs; ghJfhg;gpy; FiwghLila Mdhy;

Ntiyahl;fSf;Ff; Nfs;tp mjpfKs;s nry;te;j> vz;nza; cw;gj;jp nra;Ak;

ehLfSf;F ,g;Gyk;ngaH ngz;fis XH Vw;Wkjpg; nghUshff; fUjp

re;ijg;gLj;JfpwJ. ,yq;ifapYs;s Gyk;ngaHNthH chpikfSf;fhd

mikg;Gf;fs; Gyk;ngaH gzpahsHfSf;fhd ,yq;ifapd; mZFKiwia

“nghUl;fs; toq;Fk; mZFKiw” vdf; Fwpg;gpLfpd;wd. ,t;tZFKiw

“njhpT nra;jy;> gapw;rpaspj;jy;> nghjpaply;> fhg;GWjp nra;jy; kw;Wk; Vw;Wkjp nra;jy;” vDk; #j;jpuj;jpw;fikthd ,ay;Gld; gzpahsHfspd; ghJfhg;G vDk;

Kf;fpa mk;rk; ,y;yhJ fhzg;gLfpwJ.

Gyk;ngaHjy; ek;gpf;if mspf;ff; $bajhfTk; mNjNeuk; f\;lq;fSf;fhd

tha;g;Gf;fs; cs;sjhf ,Utpjq;fspYk; cs;sJld; Gyk;ngaH ngz;fSk;

Rgpl;repiy kw;Wk; J\;gpuNahfq;fs; Mfpa ,uz;ilAk;

4

mDgtpj;Js;sdH. ,q;F tPl;by; ruhrhp Ie;J cWg;gpdHfisf; nfhz;l

FLk;gj;ijg; guhkhpf;Fk; ngz; gzpahsHfs; ,yq;ifapy; ciog;gijg;

Nghd;W XH gj;J klq;F mjpfk; ciof;f KbAk; vDk; XH kha ek;gpf;ifapy;

Gyk; ngaHfpd;wdH. ntspehl;by; ciof;Fk; Ntjdj;jpy; Gyk;ngaH

gzpahsHfs; tPLfisf; fl;bAs;shHfs;> tpahghu Kaw;rpfis

Muk;gpj;Js;shHfs;> FLk;gj;jpd; %j;j cwtpdHfisg; guhkhpj;jpUf;fpwhHfs;

kw;Wk; gps;isfsJ ghlrhiyg; Gj;jfq;fs;> rPUilfs; vd;gtw;iwAk;

thq;fpAs;shHfs;. mNefkhd Gyk; ngaH tPl;Lg; ngz; gzpahsHfs; mtHfsJ

FLk;gj;jpd; gpujhd tUkhdk; <l;Lgtuhf khwpAs;sJld;> mtHfs;

ntspehl;bypUe;J jpUk;gpa gpd;dH mtHfsJ FLk;gk; kw;Wk; r%fj;jpy;

$Ljyhd me;j];ij <l;bf; FLk;gj;jpy; jPHkhdk; vLf;Fk; $Ljyhd mjpfhuk;

kw;Wk; FLk;g tsq;fspy; XH fl;Lg;ghl;ilAk; mDgtpf;fpd;wdH.

,yq;if murhq;fj;jpd; nfhs;iffs; mz;ika tUlq;fspy; Kd;Ndw;wk;

mile;Js;sJld; ntspr; nry;Yk; Gyk;ngaH gzpahsHfis

Kfhikg;gLj;Jtjw;F Kf;fpakhd gbKiwfis Kd;ndLj;jjw;Fk;

ghJfhg;Gf;fis toq;f Muk;gpj;jjw;Fk; mit ghuhl;lg;gl

Ntz;baitahFk;. ,yq;if murhq;fk; 1985 ,y; gzpahsHfs; rl;lG+Htkhd

topfspD}lhfg; Gyk;ngaHtij cWjp nra;aTk;> Ml;NrHg;G KftHfspdhyhd

Coy; kw;Wk; Ruz;ly;fisf; Fiwg;gjw;Fk; kw;Wk; gzpahsHfsJ cs;

mDg;Gk; njhiffspd; gha;r;rypw;F trjpaspf;Fk; tpjkhf ntspehl;L Ntiy

tha;g;Gg; gzpafk; vDk; epWtd hPjpahd mikg;nghd;iw

cUthf;fpaJ. ,Ug;gpDk; ghJfhg;gpy; fzprkhd ,ilntspfs; njhlHe;Jk;

fhzg;gLfpd;wd.

,yq;ifg; ngz;fspd; njhopy; hPjpahd Gyk;ngaHjYf;fhf mgptpUj;jp

nra;ag;gl;l Gyk;ngaH njhopy; JiwahdJ ,j;Jiwapd; tUq;fhy tPl;Lg;

gzpahsHfis gpd;ndhU Neuj;jpy; J\;gpuNahf mr;RWj;jy;fSf;F Mshf;Fk;

tpjj;jpyhd xOq;fPdq;fshy; epiwe;J fhzg;gLfpwJ. NeHikaw;w njhopy;

KftHfs; kw;Wk; mDkjpg; gj;jpukw;wJk; kw;Wk; fl;Lg;ghLfspd;wpa cjtp

KftHfs; Gyk;ngaHe;J nrd;W tPl;Lg; gzpahshf Ntiy ghHf;f vjpHghHf;Fk;

ngz;fsplk; Ntiyg; gjpTr; Nritfs; kw;Wk; Vida Gyk;ngaHjy; njhlHghd

nryTfSf;nfd cj;jpNahf G+Htkhf mDkjpf;fg;gl;l fl;lz tPjq;fis tpl

%d;W my;yJ ehd;F klq;F fl;lzq;fisr; rl;ltpNuhjkhf

mwtpLfpd;wdH. ,t;tPl;Lg; gzpahsHfspy; mNefh; ,e;jf; fl;lzq;fisr;

nrYj;Jtjw;fhf mepaha tl;bf;F fld;fisg;; ngw;W ngUk;

fldhspahfpd;wdH. ,r;Rik mtHfs; J\;gpuNahfq;fspw;F Kfk; nfhLf;ifapy;

tPl;Lg; gzpahsHfsJ njhpit kl;Lg;gLj;JfpwJ. njhopy; KftHfs; kw;Wk;

cjtp KftHfs; Ntiy nra;ag; NghFk; ,lk;> mtHfsJ njhopy;

epge;jidfs; kw;Wk; mtHfs; ngwg;NghFk; Ntjdk; Nghd;w

tplaq;fspy; ,g;gzpg;ngz;fis mjpfk; Vkhw;Wfpd;wdH. ,e;j Vkhw;W

5

Ml;NrHg;G eltbf;iffs; kj;jpa fpof;fpw;Fg; Gyk; ngaHe;j gpd;dH tPl;Lg;

gzpg;ngz;fs; Ruz;lg;gLtjw;fhd mghaj;jpw;Fl;gLj;JfpwJ.

ciog;Nghh; gilapy; Gyk;ngaHe;j tPl;Lg; gzpg;ngz;fNs kpff; Fiwe;j

ghJfhg;igf; nfhz;bUf;fpd;wdH. mtHfs;> xOq;FgLj;jg;glhjJk;> Fiwj;J

kjpg;gplg;gLk; XH njhopy;Jiwapy; gzpGhptJld; mtHfs; J\;gpuNahfk; kw;Wk;

Ruz;lypw;fhd $Ljy; mghaj;jpy; cs;sdH. rT+jp mNugpah> Fitj;>

nygdhd; kw;Wk; If;fpa muGfs; ,uhr;rpaj;jpy; ,yq;if tPl;Lg; gzpg;ngz;fs;

gytpjkhd J\;gpuNahfq;fs; kw;Wk; gy tifahd Ruz;ly;fSf;F> ,tw;wpy;

mNefk; ghy;epiy Fwpj;jhdtw;wpw;F Kfk; nfhLf;fpd;wdH.

gzpnra;Ak; ,lq;fspy; mtHfs; rhjhuzkhd msTf;fjpfkhd ePz;l

kzpj;jpahyq;fs; gzpGhptJ> Xa;T ehl;fs; ,y;yhjpUg;gJ> mtHfisg; Nghd;W

Gyk; ngaHe;J te;J Mz; gzpahsHfis tpl Fiwe;j tUkhdj;ij <l;LtJ

cl;gl ghugl;rkhd Ntjdf; nfhLg;gdTfs; Nghd;w Nkhrkhd

J\;gpuNahfq;fSf;F Mshfpd;wdH. ciog;igg; ngw;Wf; nfhs;Sk; ,e;j

ehd;F ehLfspy;> ,yq;if tPl;Lg; gzpg;ngz;fs; cly; hPjpahf> cs hPjpahf

Jd;gg;gLtJld; ghypay; J\;gpuNahfk;@ Ntjdf; nfhLg;gdtpd;ik@ czT

nfhLf;fhik@ mtHfsJ milahs Mtzq;fisg; gwpj;J itj;jy;@

Ntiyj;jyq;fspy; gyte;jkhf milj;J itj;jy;@ kw;Wk; mtHfs; tpUk;gpa

nghOJ jq;fsJ jha;ehl;bw;F jpUk;gpr; nry;Yk; mtHfsJ tpUg;gj;jpy;

kl;Lg;ghLfs; ,ly; Nghd;wtw;wpdhYk; Jd;gg;gLfpd;wdH. rpy

rkaq;fspy; ,itfs; ,ize;j Nkhrkhd Ntiyj;jy J\;gpuNahfq;fs;

gzpg;ngz;fis gyte;jkhd Ntiyf;Fs; mfg;gl;Lf; nfhs;Sk; epiyikfis

cUthf;Ffpd;wd.

kj;jpa fpof;fpd; Ntiy nfhs;Sk; ehLfs; Gyk;ngaHe;j tPl;Lg;

gzpg;ngz;fis FWfpafhy xg;ge;jg; gzpahsHfshf mDkjpj;J mtHfSf;F

rpy chpikfSf;Nf ,zq;fpAs;sd. rT+jp mNugpah> Fitj;> nygdhd; kw;Wk;

If;fpa muGfs; ,uhr;rpak; vd;gtw;wpd; njhopw; rl;lq;fs; Gyk;ngaH tPl;Lg;

gzpahsHfsJ ghJfhg;ig Kw;whfNt cs;slf;ftpy;iy. ,e;ehLfspd;

murhq;fq;fs; Gyk;ngaH tPl;Lg; gzpahsHfSf;F mtHfsJ ehl;Lr; rl;lj;jpd;

fPo; rkdhd ghJfhg;ig kWjypg;gJld;> J\;gpuNahfr; rk;gtq;fshf ,Ug;gpDk;

$l Ntiy nfhs;NthhplkpUe;J khwp Ntwplk; nry;Yk; mtHfsJ tpUg;gpid

kl;Lg;gLj;Jfpd;wd.

,e;jr; rl;lg; ghJfhg;gpd;ik kw;Wk; epthuzj;ij ehLk; nghOJ rl;lj;jpd; fPo;

rkdhd chpikfis epiy epWj;Jtjpy; ngz;fspw;fhd kl;Lg;ghLfs; vd;gd

mtHfs; mDgtpf;Fk; td;Kiwfis mjpfhpj;jd. njspthd rl;l

chpikfs; ,y;yhJ kw;Wk; eilKiwapypUf;Fk; njhopw; rl;lq;fspd;

ghJfhg;gpypUe;J tpyf;fg; gl;bUg;gjhYk; ,e;j tPl;Lg; gzpg;ngz;fs;

J\;gpuNahfk; kw;Wk; Ruz;ly;fis mDgtpf;Fk; nghOJ mtHfSf;Ff;

Fiwe;j ghJfhg;Ng cs;sJ. J\;gpuNahfq;fis GhpAk; Ntiy nfhs;Nthiu

mjw;Fg; nghWg;Gf; $witf;f my;yJ nfhLglhj Ntjdq;fis kPsg;

6

ngWtjw;fhf mjpfhhpfis ehLk; tPl;Lg; gzpahsHfs; mNefk;

Fiwe;jstpyhd my;yJ mwNtapy;yhj ghJfhg;igNa ngwf;

$bajhf ,Ug;gJld; epthuzq;fisg; ngWtjpy; vz;zw;w rl;l kw;Wk;

eilKiwj; jilfisAk; vjpHnfhs;s Ntz;bAs;sJ. jq;fs; Ntiy

nfhs;NthhplkpUe;J khwpr; nry;Yk; tpUg;gpid kl;Lg;gLj;Jk; FbtuTf;

nfhs;iffspy; mfg;gl;Lj; jtpf;Fk; ,tHfs; ve;jg; gFjpapypUe;Jk; cjtpiag;

ngwKbahky;> mNefkhd Gyk;ngaH tPl;Lg; gzpahsHfs; Nkhrkhd

gzpnra;Ak; epiyikfspypUe;J jg;gpf;f Kbahky; njhlUk;

J\;gpuNahfq;fis rfpj;Jf; nfhs;s Ntz;bajhfTs;sJ.

ehl;bd; cs;@H ePjpr; nray;KiwfspypUe;J nghpJk; tpyf;fg;gl;l epiyapy;> rpy

rkaq;fspy; Gyk;ngaHe;j tPl;Lg; gzpg;ngz;fs; jhq;fs; gzpnra;Ak;

ehl;bYs;s jq;fsJ ehl;bd; J}Jtuhyaq;fSf;F cjtpia kpfTk; ehb Xb

tUfpd;wdH. jq;fsJ Ntiy nfhs;NthhplkpUe;J jg;gp XbtUk; ,yq;if

tPl;Lg; gzpg;ngz;fs; mNefk; ,yq;ifj; J}Jtuhyaq;fspy; trjpfsw;w>

msTf;F kPwpa rdneUf;fbahd epiyikfSld; thoNtz;ba epiyf;Fj;

js;sg;gLfpd;wdH. ehq;fs; NeHfz;l ngz;fs;> ,yq;ifj; J}Jtuhya

mjpfhhpfs; Nkhrkhd cly; hPjpahd J\;gpuNahfq;fs;> ghypay;

J\;gpuNahfq;fs;> Ntjdf; nfhLg;gdtpd;ik my;yJ Ruz;lg;gLk; Ntiyj;jy

epiyikfSld; jq;fis mZFk; tPl;Lg; gzpg;ngz;fSf;F Fiwe;jstpyhd

cjtpiaNa mspf;fpd;wdH my;yJ Kw;whf cjTtjpy;iy vdj;

njhptpj;jdh;. ,yq;iff;Fj; jpUk;Gk; gzpg;ngz;fs;> Kiwg;ghLfis G+Hj;jp

nra;tjpYk;> ghjpf;fg;gl;ltHfSf;fhd Nritfisg; ngw;Wf; nfhs;tjpYk;

rpukq;fis vjpHNehf;fpajhff; $wpdhHfs;.

,yq;if rT+jp mNugpah> Fitj;> nygdhd; kw;Wk; If;fpa muGfs; ,uhr;rpak;

vd;gd mtHfsJ rHtNjr kdpj chpikfs; cld;ghLfspdJ flg;ghLfis

epiyehl;lj; jtWfpd;wd. tPl;Lg; gzpg;ngz;fs; Gyk;ngaHifapy;

J\;gpuNahfq;fspw;F MshFk; epiyikfisf; Fiwg;gjw;F ,yq;if

murhq;fk; Gyk;ngaHe;J nry;ytpUf;Fk; tPl;Lg; gzpg;ngz;fSf;F mtHfs;

Gyk;ngaHtjw;F Kd; mtHfsJ chpikfs; gw;wpa jfty;fis toq;Ftjw;F

NkYk; Mtz nra;jy; Ntz;Lk;. njhopy; KftHfs; kw;Wk; Jiz

KftHfis fz;fhzpj;Jk; kw;Wk; fl;Lg;gLj;jpAk;> tPl;Lg; gzpg;ngz;fSf;F

KO mstpyhd cjtpia neUf;fb Neuq;fspd; NghJ J}Jtuhyaq;fspy;

toq;Fjy; Ntz;Lk;. mj;Jld; epthuzj;Jf;fhd nghwpKiwfisAk; ,yq;if

jpUk;gpaJk; tPl;Lg; gzpg;ngz;fSf;F toq;fg;gLk; NritfisAk; mjpfhpj;jy;

Ntz;Lk;. tPl;Lg; gzpahsHfshf tu vz;ZgtHfisg; ghJfhg;gjpYk;

neUf;fbahd Ntisfspy; Gyk;ngaHe;j ngz;fSf;F

cjTtjpYk; ,yq;ifapd; ,ay;jd;ikahdJ mjpfstpy; Ntiy nfhs;Sk;

ehLfspdJ xj;Jiog;gpNyNa jq;fpAs;sJ. ,yq;if ntspehl;L J}jufq;fs;

kw;Wk; Ntiy nfhs;Sk; ehLfSf;fpilapyhd mjpfhpj;j xj;Jiog;G

f\;lj;jpYs;s tPl;Lg; gzpahsHfis fhg;ghw;Wtjw;fhd Vw;ghLfSf;F

7

mtrpakhdJ. tpidj;jpwdhd Kiwg;ghl;Lg; nghwpKiwia cUthf;Fjy;

kw;Wk; gu];guk; mq;fPfhpf;fg;gLk; xg;ge;jq;fis tiue;J mKy;gLj;Jjy;

vd;gd cz;ikahd ghJfhg;gpid toq;Fk;.

kdpj chpikfs; fz;fhzpg;gfk; ,e;j mwpf;iff;fhf ,yq;ifapy; xf;NlhgH

kw;Wk; etk;gH 2006 fspYk;> rT+jp mNugpahtpy; etk;gH kw;Wk; brk;gH 2006

fspYk; jd; Ma;Tfis elhj;jpaJld; md;wpypUe;J vz;zw;w

Mjhuq;fSf;fhd Njhw;Wtha;fSld; njhlHG nfhz;bUe;jJ. ,e;j mwpf;if

Gyk;ngaHe;j tPl;Lg; ngz;fs; 100 NgUldhd Mokhd NeHfhzy;fspd;

mbg;gilapyhdjhFk;. ,yq;ifapy;> kdpj chpikfs; fz;fhzpg;gfk; fle;j 14

khjq;fspy; kj;jpa fpof;fpypUe;J ehL jpUk;gpa 80 Gyk;ngaHe;j tPl;Lg;

gzpahsHfSld; NeHfhzy;fis elhj;jpaJ. ,g;ngz;fs; rT+jp mNugpah>

Fitj;> nygdhd; kw;Wk; If;fpa muGfs; ,uhr;rpak; Mfpa ehLfspy; gzp

Ghpe;jpUe;jdH. NeHfhzg;gl;l ,e;j 80 Gyk;ngaHe;j tPl;Lg; gzpahsHfSs;

Kg;gj;njhd;gJ NgH kj;jpa fpof;fpy; g ;̀nua;d;> fl;lhH> Xkhd; kw;Wk;

N[hHlhd; cl;gl xd;Wf;Fk; Nkw;gl;l ehLfspy; gzpahw;wpapUe;jdH. kdpj

chpikfs; fz;fhzpg;gfk; ,yq;ifapy; Gyk;ngaHe;j tPl;Lg; gzpahsHfs;

mjpfstpy; ehL jpUk;gpapUe;j vl;L khtl;lq;fspy; VO khtl;lq;fshd:

nfhOk;G> fSj;Jiw> Nffhiy> FUzhfy;> fk;g`h> fz;b kw;Wk; fhyp

mNjNghd;W Etnuypah vd;gtw;wpy; jd; NeHfhzy;fis elhj;jpaJ.

rT+jp mNugpahtpy; kdpj chpikfs; fz;fhzpg;gfk; Gyk;ngaHe;J

te;j ,yq;if tPl;Lg; gzpg;ngz;fs; 20 NgHfSld;> mbf;Fwpg;G %yk;

ntspg;gLj;jpapUf;Fk; Fwpg;Gf;fSldhd xU rpy tpjptpyf;FfSld;

NeHfhzy;fis elhj;jpaJ. ,t;twpf;ifapy; Fwpg;gplg;gl;bUf;Fk; tPl;Lg;

gzpahsHfsJ ngaHfs; mtHfsJ milahsj;jpd; ,ufrpaj; jd;ikia

NgZtjw;fhf khw;wg;gl;Ls;sJ.

kdpj chpikfs; fz;fhzpg;gfk; ,yq;ifapy; murrhHgw;w ];jhgd

nraw;ghl;lhsHfs; kw;Wk; Nrit toq;FeHfshd mDkjpaspf;fg;gl;l

ntspehl;L Ntiytha;g;G KftHfs; rq;fk; (ALFEA) ,d; jiytHfs; cl;gl>

njhopw; rq;fj; jiytHfs; kw;Wk; njhopy; KftHfs;> Jiz KftHfisAk;

NeHfhzy; nra;jJ. mj;Jld; ehk;> ,yq;if ntspehl;L Ntiyg; gzpafj;jpd;

cj;jpNahfj;jHfs; cl;gl> mur mjpfhhpfs;> njhopy; mikr;R> ntspehl;L

mikr;rpd; J}jufj; njhlHGfs; gphpT> FbtuT kw;Wk; Fbafy;Tj;

jpizf;fsk;> ,yq;if kdpj chpikfs; Mizf;FO kw;Wk; rl;l cjtp

kd;wk; Nghd;wtw;iwAk; re;jpj;Njhk;. rT+jp mNugpahtpy; kdpj chpikfs;

fz;fhzpg;gfk; ,yq;if J}Jtuhyaj;jpd; %d;W mjpfhhpfs; kw;Wk;

ntspehl;Lg; gpujpepjp mjpfhhpfs; MfpNahUlDk; NeHfhzy;fis

elhj;jpaJld; 12 jdpg;gl;ltHfs; kw;Wk; njhopy;> r%f eyd;Ghp> ntspehl;L

tptfhuk;> rpiw kw;Wk; nghyp]; mjpfhhpfs; cl;gl;l rT+jp murhq;f

mjpfhhpfSld; FOepiyapyhd NeHfhzy;fisAk; elhj;jpaJ.

8

Kf;fpakhd ghpe;Jiufs;

,yq;if> rT+jp mNugpah> Fitj;> nygdhd; kw;Wk; If;fpa

muGfs; ,uhr;rpaj;jpd; murhq;fq;fs; Gyk;ngaH tPl;Lg; gzpahsHfs;

Gyk;ngaHe;J jq;fsJ kdpj chpikfSf;fhd kjpg;igAk; nfsutj;ijAk;

nfhz;l epiyikfspy; gzpahw;w KbAnkd;gij cWjp nra;tjw;fhd cldb

eltbf;iffspy; nray;gl Ntz;Lk;. kdpj chpikfs; fz;fhzpg;gfj;jpd;

ghpe;Jiufspd; ikaf;fUf;fshff; fUjf; $bait fPNo jug;gl;Ls;sd.

tpgukhd Nkyjpf ghpe;Jiufs; ,t;twpf;ifapd; <w;wpy; toq;fg;gl;Ls;sJ.

,yq;ifapy; Gyk;ngaH tPl;Lg; gzpahsHfsJ J\;gpuNahfq;fisj;

jtpHg;gjw;F Ml;NrHg;G nray;Kiwfspd; rPHjpUj;jk;

mtrpakhdJ. ,yq;ifapd; ntspehl;L Ntiytha;g;Gg; gzpafk;

(SLBFE) njhopy; KftHfs; kw;Wk; mtHfsJ Jiz KftHfisf;

fz;fhzpg;gjw;F RahjPdkhdJk; kw;Wk; fpukkhdJkhd XH

nghwpKiwia ];jhgpg;gJld; njhopy; KftHfs; jq;fsJ Jiz

KftHfisg; gjpT nra;a Ntz;LtJld; Jiz KftHfspd;

eltbf;iffSf;Fj; njhopy; KftHfis nghWg;Ngw;gtHfshf;Fjy;

Ntz;Lk;.

Gyk;ngaH tPl;Lg; gzpahsHfs; Gyk;ngaUk; nray;Kiwfspd; xt;nthU

fl;lj;jpw;Fkhd jq;fsJ chpikfs; gw;wp mwpe;jpUg;gpd;

mtHfSf;nfjpuhd J\;gpuNahfq;fs; mbf;fb

epfohjitahf ,Uf;Fk;. ,yq;if ntspehl;L Ntiy tha;g;Gg; gzpafk;

tPl;Lg; gzpahsHfspd; Gwg;gLjYf;F Kd;djhd mjd; jw;Nghija

gapw;rpj; jpl;lj;jpid chpikfs; gw;wpa tpopg;GzHT kw;Wk; me;epa ehl;L

nkhopg; gapw;rpfspd; gFjpfis mjpfhpg;gjd; %yKk; epthuzg;

nghwpKiwfs; gw;wp NkYk; tphpthd jfty;fis toq;Ftjd; %yKk;

Nkk;gLj;jy; Ntz;Lk;. mj;Jld; mJ Gyk; ngau vz;zpAs;stHfSf;F

njhopy; xg;ge;jq;fspd; khjphpfis toq;Fjy;> Gyk; ngau

vz;zpAs;stHfSf;F Ml;NrHg;gpw;fhd fl;lzq;fspd; rl;l tuk;Gfs;

gw;wpj;; jftyspj;jy;> Fiwe;j tl;b tPjj;jpyhd fld; trjpfs; fpilf;Fk;

jd;ik kw;Wk; rl;l tpjpfis kPWk; Ml;NrHg;G KftH kw;Wk; Jiz

KftHfSf;nfjpuhf Kiwg;ghLfis Nkw;nfhs;Sk; nghwpKiwfs;

gw;wpait vd nghJ tpopg;GzHit Vw;gLj;Jk; jpl;lq;fs; toq;Ftij

tphpTgLj;jy; Ntz;Lk;.

Gyk;ngaH ngz; gzpahsHfsJ chpikfs; mq;fPfhpf;fg;gLtJld; mit

Ntiy nfhs;Sk; ehLfspy; mKy;gLj;jg;gly; Ntz;Lk;. ,yq;if> rT+jp

mNugpah> Fitj;> nygdhd; kw;Wk; If;fpa muGfs; ,uhr;rpak; Nghd;w

ehLfspd; murhq;fq;fs; gu];guk; mq;fPfhpj;J eilKiwg;gLj;jf; $ba

njhopy; xg;ge;jq;fisAk; kw;Wk; KiwapLk; gzpahsHfSf;F

epthuzj;ij cWjp nra;Ak; nghwpKiwfisAk; cUthf;Ftjw;F

xj;Jioj;jy; Ntz;Lk;.

9

Gyk;ngaH tPl;Lg; gzpahsHfs; Vida njhopyhsHfSf;F toq;fg;gLk;

ghJfhg;Gf;fspypUe;J tpyf;fg;gly; $lhJ. rT+jp mNugpah> Fitj;>

nygdhd; kw;Wk; If;fpa muGfs; ,uhr;rpak; vd;gtw;wpd; murhq;fq;fs;

tPl;Lg; gzpahsHfSf;Fk; rkdhd rl;lg; ghJfhg;ig toq;Ftjw;F

Vw;wtifapy; Njrpa njhopy; rl;lq;fisr; rPHjpUj;jp mKy;gLj;jy;

Ntz;Lk;. rT+jp mNugpah> Fitj; kw;Wk; If;fpa muGfs; ,uhr;rpaj;jpd;

murhq;fq;fs; Gyk;ngaH tPl;Lg; gzpahsHfsJ eyd;fspw;fhd

nghWg;Gf;fis cl;Jiw mikr;rpypUe;J njhopy; mikr;rpw;F khw;Wjy;

Ntz;Lk;.

tPl;Lg; gzpahsHfs;> J\;gpuNahfq;fs; njhlHe;Jk; ,Uf;fhj tz;zk;

jq;fsJ Ntiy nfhs;NthhplkpUe;J ,yFthf tpyfp

khWtjw;F ,aYkhf ,Uj;jy; Ntz;Lk;. rT+jp mNugpah> Fitj;>

nygdhd; kw;Wk; If;fpa muGfs; ,uhr;rpaj;jpd; murhq;fq;fs; Gyk;ngaH

tPl;Lg; gzpahsHfs; jq;fs; Ntiy nfhs;NthhplkpUe;J khwpr; nry;tjw;F

trjpaspf;Fk; tifapy; FbtuTj; njhopy; mDruizr; rl;lq;fspy;

rPHjpUj;jq;fis nfhz;Ltuy; Ntz;Lk;.

tPl;Lg; gzpahsHfSf;nfjpuhf J\;gpuNahfq;fs; eilngw;why;

mtw;Wf;fhd epthuzq;fis cWjp nra;Ak; tifapy; Ntiy nfhs;Sk;

ehLfspy; rPHjpUj;jq;fSf;fhd Njit nghpJk; cs;sJ. rT+jp mNugpah>

Fitj;> nygdhd; kw;Wk; If;fpa muGfs; ,uhr;rpaj;jpd; murhq;fq;fs;

ghypay; J\;gpuNahfq;fs;> cly; hPjpapyhd J\;gpuNahfq;fs; kw;Wk;

jw;NghJs;s Njrpar; rl;lq;fis kPWk; njhopy; chpikj;

J\;gpuNahfq;fSf;Fg; nghWg;ghd Ntiy nfhs;NthH kPJ tof;Fj;

njhlug;gLtij cWjp nra;jy; Ntz;Lk;.

,yq;iff;Fj; jpUk;gpaJk; Kiwg;ghL nra;Ak; nghwpKiwfs; kw;Wk;

cstjpHr;rpf;fhd csts MNyhridfs; Nghd;wit cl;gl

J\;gpuNahfq;fSf;F Kfk; nfhLj;j Gyk;ngaH tPl;Lg;

gzpahsHfSf;fhd ghJfhg;Gf;fis ,yq;if murhq;fk; Nkk;gLj;jy;

Ntz;Lk;. mj;Jld; rT+jp mNugpah> Fitj;> nygdhd; kw;Wk; If;fpa

muGfs; ,uhr;rpak; vd;gtw;wpy; ,yq;ifj; J}jufq;fs; kw;Wk; ntspehl;Lg;

gpujpepjp mYtyfq;fspd; NritfisAk; ,yq;if murhq;fk;

Nkk;gLj;Jjy; Ntz;Lk;. ,r;Nritfs; Kiwg;ghLfisf; ifahsf;$ba

gapw;rp ngw;w CopaHfs; cs;sikia mjpfhpj;jy;> ,Ug;gpl trjpaspj;jy;>

Ntiy nfhs;Nthhpd; tPLfspy; milgl;Ls;s gzpahsHfis tpLtpg;gjw;F

cs;@H mjpfhhpfSld; ,ize;J xj;Jioj;jy;> njhopy; kw;Wk Fw;wtpay;

Kiwg;ghLfSldhd rl;l cjtpfis toq;Fjy; kw;Wk; cly; eyg;

guhkhpg;G kw;Wk; cstsj; Jizr; Nritfisg; ngw;Wf; nfhs;tjw;F

trjpaspj;jy; Nghd;wtw;iw cs;slf;Ffpd;wd.

10

II. gpd;dzp

ehd; epidf;fpd;Nwd;> murhq;fk; gzpg;ngz;fs; Fwpj;Jf; $ba

ftdnkLj;jy; Ntz;Lk;. Vnddpy; ehl;bw;F me;epar;

nrythzpia <l;Ltjpy; Kd;dzpapy; ,Ug;gtHfspy; ehq;fSk;

xUtH.2

—Rre;jpf;fh> lgps;A+.> taJ 37> Kjy; jlitahf 24 tajpy; Gyk;

ngaHe;J tPl;Lg; gzpg;ngz;zhf nygdhd;> Fitj; kw;Wk;

N[hHjhd; ehLfspy; gzp Ghpe;jth;.

,yq;ifapy; ngz;fs; kw;Wk; AtjpfsJ me;j];J

njw;fhrpahtpNyNa mjp$ba fy;tpawpT tPjk; kw;Wk; mjp$ba cly;

MNuhf;fpaj;jpw;fhd mZFjy;fis ,yq;ifg; ngz;fs; nfhz;bUf;ifapy;

mtHfs; gy;tifahd ghy;epiy mbg;gilapyhd td;Kiwfs; kw;Wk;

nghUshjhur; nraw;ghLfspy; ghugl;rk; cl;gl ghy;epiy mrkj;Jtj;ij

mDgtpf;fpd;wdH. ,yq;ifapy; ngz;fSf;fhd ,e;j mrkj;Jt mk;rq;fs;

ngz;fspd; Gyk; ngaHjypw;fhd jPHkhdq;fSld; njhlHGgl;litahf

fhzg;gLfpd;wd.

ciog;NghH gilapy; gq;fspg;G kw;Wk; tUkhdk; <l;Lk; rf;jpapy; ,g;ghy;epiy

mrkj;Jtk; ntspg;gLfpwJ. 2006 Mk; Mz;by; ,yq;ifapy; ngz;fs;

ciog;NghH gil 36 tPjkhf ,Ue;jJ. ,J Mz;fs; gq;fspg;gpy; RkhH

miug;gq;fhf (68 tPjk;)33 ,Ue;jJ. ngz;fspd; Ntiyapy;yhik tPjk;

fle;j %d;W jrhg;jq;fspy;

Mz;fSilaij tpl ,uz;L klq;fpw;Fk; $Ljyhf cs;sJ.4 Ntjd mLf;fpd;

fPo;kl;lj;jpNyNa ,yq;ifg; ngz;fs; tUkhdj;ijg; ngWfpd;wdH. 2003k;

Mz;bw;fhd fzpg;gplg;gl;l ngz;fspd; tUkhdk;> mt;thz;bd; Mz;fsJ

fzpg;gplg;gl;l tUkhdj;jpd; miug;gq;fhf ,Ue;jJld;> 2007 ,y; rHtNjr

njhopy; ];jhgdk; (ILO) ,yq;ifapy; ghy;epiy Ntjd ,ilntsp “nuhf;fl;”

2 ,yq;if ghze;Jiwiar; NrHe;j Rre;jpf;fh. lgps;A+ cldhd kdpj chpikfs;

fz;fhzpg;gfj;jpd; NeHfhzy;> entk;gH 15> 2006.

3 ,yq;if kj;jpa tq;fpapd; tUlhe;j mwpf;if 2006 (nfhOk;G kj;jpa tq;fp> ,yq;if>2007)

http//www.cbsl.gov.lk/pics_n_docs/10_publication/_docs/efr/annual_report/Ar2006/content.htm (accessed September 6, 2007), p.64 4 2006 ,y; ngz;fspdJ Ntiyapy;yh tPjk; 9.7 tPjkhf ,Uf;ifapy;> Mz;fsJ ,t;tPjk; 4.7

Mff; fhzg;gl;lJ. lbid., p.66; Mrpa mgptpUj;jp tq;fp> ehl;bd; ghy;epiyf;

fzpg;gPL: ,yq;if (kdpyh: ADB, 2004). http://www.adb.org/Documents/Reports/Country-Gender- Assessments/CGA-Women-Srilanka.pdf (accessed June 1, 2007), p.viii.

11

Ntfj;jpy; tphptjhf Fwpg;gpl;Ls;sJ.5 ,yq;ifapd; njhopw; rq;fq;fs;> Milj;

njhopw;rhiyfspy; xNu jd;ikahd Ntiyf;F “Mz;fSf;fhd XH tpiy

tPjk;” kw;Wk; “ngz;fSf;fhd XH tpiy tPjKk;” ,Ug;gjhf mwptpf;fpd;wd6>

mj;Jld; ,yq;if Ntjd rig Gifapiy kw;Wk; fWth tHj;jfj;jpy; Mz;

kw;Wk; ngz; njhopyhsHfSf;F ntt;NtWgl;l Ntjd tPjq;fis

cUthf;fpAs;sJ.7 Nguhnjdpa gy;fiyf;fofk; khHr; 2007 ,y; Nkw;nfhz;l

XH Ma;tpy; Ntjd mLf;fpy; fPo; kl;lj;jpy; xNu tpjkhd njhopy;

jd;ikapypUf;Fk; Mz; kw;Wk; ngz; njhopyhsHfSf;F ,ilapyhd

Ntjd ,ilntsp jdpahH Jiwapy; 33 tpfpjkhfTk; nghJj; Jiwapy; 27

tpfpjkhfTk; fhzg;gLtjhf fz;Ls;sJ.8

ngz;fSf;F ,yq;ifapDs; fpilf;Fk; mNefkhd njhopy;fs; Fiwe;j jpwd;

nfhz;litahfTk;> Fiwe;j Ntjdj;Jldhd Nkhrkhd njhopy;

epiyikfisf; nfhz;litahfTk; cs;sd. ngz;fs;> Ntjdkpy;yhj FLk;g

tptrhaj; njhopy;> ngUe;Njhl;lj; njhopy; (Njapiyj; Njhl;lq;fs;) kw;Wk;

Kiwrhuh my;yJ njhopw; rq;fq;fsw;w Jiwfshd Milj; njhopw;rhiyj;

njhopy;fs; kw;Wk; Vw;Wkjp tyaq;fspDs;Sk;> ntspNaAk; mike;Js;s

Vida njhopyhsHfs; mjpfstpYs;s ifj;njhopy;fs;> nghJthf Jiz

xg;ge;jg;gLj;jy; %ykhd G+Hj;jp nra;J nfhLf;fg;gLk; nghUl;fspd;

mbg;gilapy; tPl;il mbg;gilahff; nfhz;l nghUshjhu eltbf;iffspy;

<Lgl;bUf;Fk; njhopyhsHfs; kw;Wk; rpwpastpyhd Ranjhopypy;

<Lgl;Ls;stHfs; vDk; tifapy; nrwpe;J fhzg;gLfpd;wdH.9 njq;Fj; Jiw>

jr;Rj; njhopy; kw;Wk; fl;blj; njhopy;fs; cl;gl;l Mz;fs; Mjpf;fk; nrYj;Jk;

Kiwrhuh njhopy; JiwfspYs;s Mz;fs;> Vida Kiwrhuh njhopy;

Jiwfspy; gzpahw;Wk; ngz;fistpl fzprkhdstpy; caHe;j Ntjdj;ij

<l;Lfpd;wdH.10

5 If;fpa ehLfspd; mgptpUj;jp epfo;r;rpj; jpl;lk;> kdpj mgptpUj;jp mwpf;if 2005 (epA+NahHf;

UNDP 2005)> http://hdr.undp.org/reports/global/2005/pdf/HDRO5_complete.pdf (accessed

September 6, 2007), p. 300, table 25;rh;tNjr njhopy; kfhehL, gzpapy;

rkj;Jtk;:rthy;fisf; ifahSjy; ; (Geneva:ILO, 2007)

http://www.ilo.org/wcmsp5/groups/public/---dgreports/--- dcomm/--- webdev/documents/publication/wcms_082607.pdf (accessed September 6, 2007), p.20. 6 cjhuzj;Jf;F rHtNjr njhopy; MjuTf;fhd mnkhpf;f epiyak;> 2003 ,y;> nfhf;fiy

Vw;Wkjp Cf;Ftpg;G tyaj; njhopw;rhiyfspYs;s nghjp nra;Ak; Mz; CopaH &gh 1800-

Ntjdk; ngWifapy; nghjp nra;Ak; ngz; CopaH &gh 1525- ngw;wjhf Fwpg;gplg;gl;lJ. MjuT

epiyak;> “midtUf;Fkhd ePjp: ,yq;ifapy; njhopyhsH chpikfSf;fhd Nghuhl;lk;”> 2003. http://solidarity.timberlakepublishing.com/files/SrilankaFinal.pdf (accessed August 1, 2007), p.27 7 mNj Mjhu %yk;

8 bnydp FztHj;jd kw;wk; FOtpdH> ,yq;ifapy; ghy;epiy Ntjd ,ilntsp:

fz;zhbf;

$iuah my;yJ xl;Lk; jiuah? (nfhOk;G: Nguhnjdpa gy;fiyf;fofk; nghUshjhu kw;Wk;

Gs;sptpguj; jpizf;fsk;> 2007).

9 Mrpa mgptpUj;jp tq;fp> ehl;bd; ghy;epiyf; fzpg;gPL: ,yq;if p.viii

10 ,yq;if kj;jpa tq;fp> tUlhe;j mwpf;if 2006>

12

njw;fhrpahtpNyNa caHe;j fy;tpawpT tPjj;ij ,yq;if mile;jpUe;j

NghjpYk; caH fy;tp eltbf;iffs; kw;Wk; rKjhaj;jpd; kpf twpa

tHf;fj;jpdhpilNa ,e;j ghy;epiy mrkj;Jtk; fhzg;gLfpwJ. Muk;g epiyg;

ghlrhiyfspw;fhd mDkjpapy; ,yq;ifg; ngz;fs; rkdhdNjhH epiyiaf;

nfhz;bUf;ifapy; Njrpastpy; ,uz;lhk; epiy caH fy;tpapy; 12 tUl

ghlrhiyf; fy;tpia jdpNa 7 tPjkhd ngz;fNs ngw;Ws;sdH.11 %d;whk;

epiyf; fy;tpf;fhd (gy;fiyf;fof kl;lk; kw;Wk; mjw;Fk; Nkw;gl;l) ngz;fs;

mDkjp> Mz;fsJ mDkjpapy; 69 rjtPjkhFk;.12 ngz;fs; kw;Wk;

AtjpfSf;fpilapyhd fy;tpawpT tPjk; Mz;fs; kw;Wk; thypgH

fSf;fpilapyhd fy;tpawpT tPjj;ijtplf; FiwthdjhFk;. (xg;gPl;lstpy;

Kd;idaJ 91 rjtPjk;> gpd;idaJ 95 rjtPjk;) vd;gJld; Njapiyj;

Njhl;lj;

Jiwapy; ngz;fs; kj;jpapy; fy;tpawpT tPjk; Fwpg;gplj;jf;f Fiwe;jsthf 67

rj tPjkhf cs;sJ. (,J Mz;fs; kj;jpapy; 87 rjtPjkhf

cs;sJ).13 ,yq;ifapYs;s ngz;fs; FLk;gq;fspYk; rkj;Jtj;jpw;Fk;

td;KiwfspypUe;J ghJfhg;ig ngWtjpYk; jilfSf;F Kfk; nfhLf;fpd;wdH.

fle;j tUlq;fspyhd rl;lr; rPHjpUj;jq;fs;@ 1995k; Mz;bd; Fw;wtpay;

rl;lf;Nfhitf;fhd jpUj;jq;fs; ep&gzk; nra;a Ntz;ba nghWg;gpw;F

$Ljyhd xg;Guit ];jhgpj;jy; kw;Wk; fw;gopg;G Fw;wj;jpw;F mjpfhpj;j

jz;lid vd fw;gopg;Gr; rl;lq;fspw;fhd khw;wq;fs; kw;Wk; 2005k; Mz;bd;

tPl;L td;Kiwfs; kPjhd tpNrl rl;lthf;fk;14 vd;gtw;iw cs;slf;Ffpd;wd.

vt;thwhapDk;> ngz;fSf;nfjpuhd td;Kiw NkhrkhdNjhH gpur;rpidahf

njhlHe;Jk; cs;sJ. 2006k; Mz;by; rpWtH mgptpUj;;jp kw;Wk; ngz;fs;

tYg;gLj;jy; mikr;rpdhyhd XH kjpg;gha;T ehlshtpastpy; 60 tPjkhd

ngz;fs; tPl;L td;Kiwfis mDgtpg;gjhf fzpf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ.15

11 kPs;

tpUj;jp chpikfSf;fhd epiyak;> cyfj;jpd; ngz;fs;: mth;fspd; ,dtpUj;jp

tho;itg; ghjpf;Fk; rl;lq;fs; kw;wk; nfhs;iffs;> njw;fhrpah(epA+NahHf;:CRR,2004), p.228.

12 bnydp FztHj;jd> ,yq;ifapy; ghy;epiy Ntjd NtWghLfis Muha;jy;:’Fthd;iuy;

wpf;fpw\d; mZFKiw> PMMA Network:Session Paper 2006,

http://132.203.59.36:81/HTML/Meetings/Addis/Papers/Dileni%20Gunawardena.pdf (accessed September 6, 2007), p.1. 13 ,yq;if kj;jpa tq;fp> tUlhe;j mwpf;if 2006> tpNrl Gs;sptpgu gpd;dpizg;G> ml;ltiz

9 kPs;tpUj;jp chpikfSf;fhd epiyak;> cyfj;jpd; ngz;fs;> p.22@ ngz;fspd; Muha;r;rpf;fhd

epiyak; (CENWOR) ngz;fSf;nfjpuhd midj;J tpjkhd

ghugl;rq;fisAk; ,y;yhnjhopf;Fk; If;fpa ehLfspd; rkthak; kPjhd ,yq;ifapd; epoy;

mwpf;if (nfhOk;G:CENWOR, 2001) http://www.iwraw-ap.org/using_cedaw/srilanka.doc (accessed September 6, 2007), p.21 14 ,yq;if Fw;wtpay; Nfhit ,y.2> 1883 gphpTfs; 363-364> Fw;wtpay; jpUj;jr; rl;lk; %yk;

jpUj;jg;gl;lJ> ,y.29> 2005> gphpTfs; 12-13 tPl;L td;Kiwfis jLf;Fk; rl;lk; ,y.34> 2005.

15 “,yq;if mikr;R:Ma;Tfs; njhptpf;Fk; ngz;fSf;nfjpuhd td;Kiwfs; kPjhd Gs;sp

tpguq;fs;> xU cyfk; njw;fhrpah> [_d; 26> 2006. http://southasia.oneworld.net/article/view/

13

murpayikg;G ghy;epiy mbg;gilapyhd ghugl;rq;fis jil nra;ifapy; mJ

rl;lj;jpw;Fg; Gyg;glhj tifapy; eilKiwfspy; njhlHe;Jk; fhzg;gLfpwJ.

jpUkzj;jpd; gpd; tpUg;gpw;F khwhd ty;YwT> jk;gjpfs; rl;l hPjpahf

gphpe;jpUe;jhy; kl;LNk Fw;wkhff; nfhs;sg; gLfpwJ. ,yq;ifapd; tpthfuj;Jr;

rl;lq;fs; jtwhd mbg;gilapyhdit vd;gJld; ,r;rl;lq;fs; ,uf;fkw;w

kw;Wk; cly; hPjpapyhd nfhLikg;gLj;jy;fs; vd;gtw;iw tpthfuj;Jf;fhd

mbg;gilahff; fUjhjpdhy; mtJ}W nra;Ak; fztdplkpUe;J tpthfuj;ij

Ntz;b epw;Fk; ngz;fs; mNefk; xU rpy njhpTfNs jq;fSf;F cs;sijf;

fhz;fpd;wdH.16

,yq;ifg; ngz;fs;; njhopYf;fhf Gyk;ngaHtjw;fhd

jPHkhdq;fSk; mjid “epHg;ge;jpf;Fk; fhuzpfSk;” ehd; cioj;j gzj;jpy; xU tPL fl;bNdd;. vdJ kfDf;Fk;>

kfSf;Fk; gzk; nfhLj;J> mtHfSf;F tq;fpapy; fzf;FfSk;

Muk;gpj;Njd;. vdJ fztUf;F epue;jukhd njhopy;

vJTk; ,y;iy. ,tHfs; vy;yhiuAk; ehd;

guhkhpf;fpNwd;…..> ,q;F Kf;fpakhdJ gzk; jhd;….> ehd; vdJ ehl;il Nerpf;fpd;Nwd;…..> ehd; vdf;Fs;NsNa mOfpd;Nwd;…..> ,e;j Kiw vdJ gzg; gpur;rpidfisj; jPHf;f

KbAkhf ,Ue;jhy;> ehd; ,dp xUNghJk; Gyk;ngau khl;Nld;.

—re;jpuh ky;fhe;jp> taJ 45. tPl;Lg; gzpg;ngz;zhf rTjp

mNugpah> Lgha;> Xkhd;> Fitj; kw;Wk; fl;lhH Mfpa ehLfspy;

Kd;dH gzpahw;wp xd;gjhtJ jlitahf kPz;Lk; kj;jpa fpof;fpy;

gzpahw;Wtjw;Fj; jahuhfpwhH.

kj;jpa fpof;fpw;F tPl;Lg; gzpahsHfshf Gyk;ngaUk;

Mapuf;fzf;fhd ,yq;ifg; ngz;fSf;F> Gyk;ngaHjy; vd;gJ ek;gpf;iffsw;w

XH JHg;ghf;fpa epiyapypUe;J ntsptUtjw;fhd XH jg;gpg; gpiof;Fk; XH

cghakhf gpd;gw;wg;gLfpd;wJ. kdpj chpikfs; fz;fhzpg;gfk; NeHfz;l

mNefkhd midj;J Gyk;ngaH tPl;Lg; gzpahsHfSNk nghUshjhuj;

NjitNa mtHfsJ Gyk;ngaHjypw;fhd XH fhuzk; vdf; Fwpg;gpl;lJld;

njhopYf;fhf Gyk;ngaHtijj; jtpu jq;fSf;F NtW njhpT

vJTk; ,Uf;ftpy;iynadTk; $wpdH. gyH gj;jhk; my;yJ gd;dpnuz;lhk; juk;

tiuf;Fkhd fy;tpiaf; nfhz;bUe;jhYk; $l mtHfs; ,yq;ifapy; Gyk;

135416/1 (accessed September 6, 2007). ,e;jpuhzp ,hpanfhy;ytpd;> “ngz;fSf;nfjpuhd

td;Kiwfs; vDk; gpur;rpid”> nla;yp epA+];(nfhOk;G)> [_iy 19> 2003.

http://www.dailynews.lk/2003/07/19/fea01.html (accessed September 6, 2007). 16 tpthfg; gjpTr; rl;lk;> ,y.19> 1907> cWg;Giu 19(2)@ kPs; tpUj;jp chpikfSf;fhd epiyak;>

cyfj;jpd; ngz;fs;> g.222.

14

ngaHtjw;F Kd;dUk; kw;Wk; mjd; gpd;dUk; Ntiyapy;yhJ my;yJ jFjpf;F

Fiwthd Ntiyapy; ,Ue;Js;shHfs;.

rTjp mNugpahtpy; tPl;Lg; gzg;ngz;zhf gzp Ghptjd; %yk; cjtp nra;j

jdJ FLk;g cWg;gpdh;fSld; xU gzpg;ngz;. ntspehl;by; gzpGhptjd; %yk;

<l;ba jdJ rk;ghj;jpaj;jpy; jdJ FLk;gj;Jf;fhf Xh; tPl;il fl;b jdJ

gps;isfs;> fztd; kw;Wk; Vida cwtpdh;fSf;Fk; cjtpdhh;. ©2007

J\;ae;jp fdfrghgjpg;gps;is/kdpj chpikfs; fz;fhzpg;gfk;

kdpj chpikfs; fz;fhzpg;gfj;Jf;F ngz;fs;> jhk; XH tPl;ilf; fl;Ltjw;F@

epyk; thq;Ftjw;F@ FLk;gf; fld;fis nrYj;jp Kbg;gjw;F@ mtJ}W nra;Ak;

fztdplkpUe;J jg;Gtjw;F@ jq;fs; gps;isfspd; fy;;tp njhlHghd

nryTfSf;F@ RftPdkhd Ntiyaw;w my;yJ taJ KjpHe;j cwtpdHfisg;

guhkhpg;gjw;F@ jkJ jpUkzk; my;yJ gps;isfspd; jpUkzj;jpw;fhd rPjdk;

toq;Ftjw;F@ jq;fsJ FLk;gq;fspd; ehshe;j czT kw;Wk; cilfSf;fhd

NjitfSf;F@ kJg; gof;fj;jpw;F mbikahd fztdhy; ,oe;j nrhj;Jf;fis

kPl;gjw;F kw;Wk; jhk; Muk;gpf;f vz;zpapUf;Fk; rpW njhopy; Kaw;rpfSf;fhd

cgfuzq;fis nfhs;tdT nra;tjw;F Nghd;w fhuzq;fSf;fhf

Gyk;ngaHe;jjhf $wpdhHfs;. tpthfuj;Jr; nra;j kw;Wk; tpjitg; ngz;fs;

jhq;fs; FLk;gj;ijg; guhkhpf;f Ntz;ba Njitf;fhf Gyk;ngau

Ntz;bapUe;jJ vdf; Fwpg;gpl;ldH. Gyk;ngaHtjw;fhd ngz;fspd;

jPHkhdj;jpw;Fg; gq;fspj;j rpy fhuzpfs; ghy;epiy njhlHghd jdpj;jd;ik

tha;e;jitahfTk;> Mz;fsJ njhopy; hPjpahd Gyk;ngaHjy; njhlHghd

fhuzq;fSld; NtWgl;Lk; ,Ue;jJ.

15

ehq;fs; fye;Jiuahba XH fzprkhd vz;zpf;ifahd Gyk;ngaH tPl;Lg;

gzpahsHfs; XH tPl;ilf; fl;Ltjw;fhd fl;blg; nghUl;fspd; nrytPdq;fisf;

fUj;jpy; nfhz;L mjw;fhd gzj;ij ciog;gjw;fhf Gyk;ngau

Ntz;bapUe;jJld; rpy rkaq;fspy; mjw;fhf kPz;Lk; kPz;Lk; Gyk;ngau

Ntz;bNaw;gl;lJ. W mre;jpf;fh Kd;dH ,U jlitfs; rTjp mNugpahtpy;

tPl;Lg; gzpg;ngz;zhf gzpahw;wpa ehd;F gps;isfspd; jhahd ,tH

$Wifapy;> “ehd; XH tPl;ilf; fl;Ltjpdhy; ,e;jj; jlitAk; NghfpNwd;. xU

rhjhuz tPl;ilf; fl;Ltjw;F 3 ,yl;rk; tiu nrythFk;. (,yq;if ehzak;

300>000 &gha;fs; my;yJ mnkhpf;f ehzaj;jpy; US$2,664)17 vd ehd;

kjpg;gpLfpNwd;. ehd; Gyk;ngaHe;J nry;yhtpl;lhy; fl;blg; nghUl;fis vd;dhy;

thq;f KbahJ …. ,yq;ifapy; vq;fshy; ,t;tsT gzk; rk;ghjpf;f KbahJ>

Mdhy; ntspehl;by; vq;fshy; epiwag; gzk; rk;ghjpj;J> mjpf gzj;NjhL

ehL jpUk;gyhk;”18 vd;whH. ,yq;ifapy; fy;tpawpT ,ytrkhd NghjpYk;>

jq;fs; ghlrhiy taJg; gps;isfspd; fy;tp njhlHghd nryTfis

<Lnra;tjw;F cs;SH njhopy;fs; %ykhd tUkhdk;

NghJkhdjhf ,y;iynad mNefkhd ngz;fs; njhptpj;jdH. ,r;nryTfs;

mg;gpahrg; Gj;jfq;fs;> Gj;jfg; ig kw;Wk; ghlrhiyf;fhd Nghf;Ftuj;Jr;

nryTfs; vd;git cs;slq;fyhf nkhj;jk; RkhH 4>000 - 10>000 &gha;fs;

(US$ 36-89) tiu vd ghlrhiyfspd; xt;nthU jtiz Muk;gj;jpYk;

nfhLg;gdT nra;a Ntz;bAs;sJ.19 ,yq;ifapNyNa NghJkhdsT

tUkhdj;ij <l;bf; nfhs;s Kbahj jd;ik ngz;fspd; Gyk;ngaUk;

jPHkhdj;jpy; nry;thf;F

nrYj;Jk; XH Kf;fpakhd fhuzpahf ,Ue;jJ. ,yq;ifg; ngz;fs;

tPl;Lg;gzpahsHfshf ntspehl;by; khjnkhd;Wf;F 100-140 mnkhpf;f

nlhyHfisNa rk;ghjpf;ff; $bajhf ,Ue;j NghjpYk; ,e;j Ntjdq;fs;

mtHfshy; ,yq;ifapy; XH njhopiyf; Njbf; nfhz;ljhf fUjpdhYk; $l

mjpy; <l;Lk; Ntjdj;ij tpl ,uz;bypUe;J gj;J klq;F mjpfkhdjhfNt

fhzg;gLfpwJ. kdpj chpikfs; fz;fhzpg;gfk; NeHfz;l Gyk;ngaHe;j ngz;

gzpahsHfs; $Wifapy;> ,yq;ifapy; jq;fSf;Ff; fpilf;Fk; njhopy;fs;

kpfTk; Fiwthd Ntjdj;ijNa toq;fpaJ vd;whHfs;. Milj;

njhopw;rhiyfspy; Nkyjpf Neuf; nfhLg;gdT cl;gl jq;fshy; khjnkhd;Wf;F

17 ,jid vOJk;nghOJ ehza khw;W tPjg;gb xU mnkhpf;f nlhyH ehzak; ,yq;if

ehzaj;jpy; 112.60 &gha;fSf;Fk;> Fitj; ehzaj;jpy; 0.28 jpdhHfSf;Fk;> rTjp mNugpa

ehzaj;jpy; 3.75 wpahy;fSf;Fk;> If;fpa muGfs; ,uhr;rpaj;jpd; 3.67 buhk;fSf;Fk;

rkdhf ,Ue;jJ.

18 lgps;A+. mre;jpf;fhTldhd kdpj chpikfs; fz;fhzpg;gfj;jpd;

NeHfhzy;>FUehfy;> ,yq;if> etk;gH 4> 2006.

19 P. ,uhe;jjpAldhd kdpj chpikfs; fz;fhzpg;gj;jpdJ NeHfhzy;> uk;Ng ,yq;if> etk;gH

5> 2006@ lgps;A. nrha;rhTldhd kdpj chpikfs; fz;fhzpg;gfj;jpd; NeHfhzy;>

Nffhiy> ,yq;if.> etk;gH 19> 2006@ kNdhhp tpjhuztplkpUe;J kdpj chpikfs;

fz;fhzpg;gfj;jpw;fhd kpd;dQ;ry; njhiyj;njhlHG. khHr; 16> 2007.

16

4000-8000 &gha;fs; tiuAk; (US$ 36-71)@ Njapiyj; Njhl;lq;fspy;

khjnkhd;Wf;F 1500-3000 &gha;fs; tiuapYk; (US$ 13-27)@

jdpahH ,y;ynkhd;wpy; rikaw;fhuuhf khjnkhd;Wf;F 5000-6000 &gha;fs;

tiuapYk; (US$ 44-53)@ XH tptrhaf; $ypj; njhopyhspahf 5000 &ghTk;

(US$ 44)@ my;yJ XH gPb Rw;Wgtuhf 2500 &gha;fs; (US$ 22) tiuANk

rk;ghjpf;f Kbtjhff; $wpdhHfs;. xU Foe;ijapd; jhahd 29 taJila E.

gukpjh Kd;dH Fitj;jpy; XH tPl;Lg; gzpg;ngz;zhf khjnkhd;Wf;F 40

bdhHfs; (US $ 142) rk;ghjpj;j ,tH jw;nghOJ ,yq;ifapy; XH tptrhaf;

$ypj; njhopyhspahf ehnshd;Wf;F 200 &gha;fs; kl;LNk (US$ 1.78)

rk;ghjpf;fpwhH.20 %d;W gps;isfspd; jhahd 26 taJila W. nry;tFkhhp>

rT+jp mNugpahtpw;Fg; Gyk; ngaHtjw;F Kd;dH ,yq;ifapy; gPb Rw;Wtjd;

%yk;; ehnshd;Wf;F 90 rjq;fNs rk;ghjpj;jhH. jw;NghJ mtH rT+jp

mNugpahtpy; khjnkhd;Wf;F 400 hpahy;fs; (US$ 107) rk;ghjpf;fpwhH.

mtH $wpdhH> jhd; kpfTk; tWikahdtH vd;gjdhy; jdJ ,uz;L taJ

kfisAk; ,q;Nf tpl;L tpl;L Gyk;ngau Ntz;bNaw;gl;lJ vd;whH.21

,e;j mwpf;iff;fhf kdpj chpikfs; fz;fhzpg;gfk; NeHfz;l ngz;fspy;

mjpfkhNdhH mtHfsJ J}uj;J cwtpdHfSk; cs;slq;fyhf mtHfsJ

FLk;gq;fSf;fhd jdpahd xNunahU tUkhdk; <l;Lgtuhf

fhzg;gl;ldH. jdpNa ngz;fisf; FLk;gj; jiytpfshff; nfhz;l FLk;gq;fs;

ehl;by; 23 tPjkhf fhzg;gLfpd;wdH22 vd;gJld; ,yq;ifapypUe;J

Gyk;ngaHe;j ngz; gzpahsH xt;nthUtUk; cs;Shpy; ruhrhpahf Ie;J

FLk;g cWg;gpdHfSf;F Mjhukspg;gjhf Ma;Tfs; Rl;bf;

fhl;Lfpd;wd23 ,t;tpjkhd xU re;jHg;gj;jpy;> tpthfuj;Jg; ngw;w ,uz;L

20 E. gukpjhTldhd kdpj chpikfs; fz;fhzpg;gfj;jpd; NeHfhzy;> uk;Ng> ,yq;if> etk;gH

5> 2006.

21 W. nry;tFkhhpAldhd kdpj chpikfs; fz;fhzpg;gfj;jpd; NeHfhzy;> fl;Lehaf;f>

etk;gH 9> 2006.

22 ehl;bd; Nkhjy;fspdhy; ghjpf;fg;gl;l tlf;F kw;Wk; fpof;fpYs;s ,lk;ngaHe;j

FLk;gq;fspilNa ngz;fis FLk;gj; jiytHfshf nfhz;bUf;Fk; FLk;gq;fspd; vz;zpf;if

%d;wpy; ,uz;L gq;fhf ,Uf;Fk; vdf; fzpg;gplg;gLfpwJ. If;fpa mnkhpf;fhtpd; rHtNjr

mgptpUj;jpf;fhd KftH> A.v];.va;l;/,yq;if epWtdj;jpw;fhd “ghy;epiyf; fzpg;G”> ngg;uthp 17> 2004. http://www.usaid.gov/our_work/cross-cutting_prograns/wid/pubs/ga_srilanka.pdf (accessed July 1, 2007), pp:10-11 ; ejpuh Fzjpyf;f>

“murpaypy; ngz;fs; gq;Nfw;ig caHj;Jtjw;fhf jahH epiyapypUf;Fk; jpl;lk;”> nla;yp epA+]; (nfhOk;G)> [dthp 31> 2003 http://www.dailynews.lk/2003/01/31po103.html accessed September 6. 2007) 23 ikf;fy; Uj; fk;NgHl;> ‘mq;NfAk; gUg;G ,q;NfAk; gUg;G’ “kj;jpa fpor;fpy; ,yq;if tPl;Lg;

gzpahsHfs;”> \pHnydh `_thq;> gpnud;lh S.A kw;Wk; E}H mg;Jy; u ;̀khd;> FOtpdhpd;

Njrq;fSf;fpilapyhd njhopyhsHfshf Mrpag; ngz;fs; (rpq;fg;G+H@ khH\y; fntd;b\;>

2005)> u.94. mj;Jld; S..[atPu> M.la]; kw;Wk; L;. tdRe;ju ,yq;ifapd; ,U ,lq;fspd;

Gyk;ngaHe;J kPs;jpUk;gpa ngz;fs; (nfhOk;G:CENWOR,2002), U.I: N. tPuf;Nfhd;> “,yq;if:

rHtNjr ngz; njhopyhsH Gyk;ngaHjYf;fhd XH rk;gtf; fw;if” S. ];uh M mk;ghpj;jh

kw;Wk; FOtpdH> Mrpag; Gyk;ngaH ngz; gzpahsHfsf;fhd rl;lg;ghJfhg;G: nray;

17

gps;isfspd; jhahd H. tbTf;furp $wpaJ> “FLk;gj;jpy; ngw;NwhHfs;> ,uz;L

gps;isfs; kw;Wk; ,isa rNfhjhp MfpNahiug; guhkhpg;gjw;F ehd; xUj;jp

kl;LNk gzk; rk;ghjpf;fpd;Nwd;. ehd; vdJ je;ijf;F gzk; mDg;GfpNwd;>

mij mtH ,e;j Ie;J FLk;g cWg;gpdHfisAk; guhkhpf;f cgNahfpf;fpwhH.

500>000 &gha;fs; tiu vdJ FLk;gj;Jf;f mDg;gpapUg;gjhf ehd;

epidf;fpNwd;.24 tbTf;furp Mwhk; tFg;G tiu kl;Lkhd fy;tpj;juj;ijf;

nfhz;bUf;fpwhH. mtH Fitj; ehl;bw;F ,uz;L jlitfs; tPl;Lg;

gzpg;ngz;zhf Gyk;ngaHtjw;F Kd;dH> ,yq;ifapy; mtH Njapiyj;

Njhl;lnkhd;wpy; XH Njapiyf; nfhOe;J gwpg;gtuhf khjnkhd;Wf;F 1500-2000

tiu rk;ghjpj;jhH. fy;tp kw;Wk; njhopy; gapw;rpfisg; ngw;Wf; nfhs;tjpy;

mtHfSf;F ,Ue;j kl;Lg;gLj;jy;fs; ,yq;ifapy; mtHfs; jq;fSf;NfhH

jFe;jNjhH Ntiyiaj; Njbf; nfhs;tjpy; jilahf ,Ue;jnjdTk;> Mjyhy;

mJ jq;fis ntspehl;Lf;F Gyk; ngau itf;Fk; jPHkhdj;jpy; xU fhuzpahf

mike;jpUe;jnjdTk; rpy tPl;Lg; gzpahsHfs; Fwpg;gpl;ldH. Gyk;

ngaHe;jtHfSs; fy;tp jifikfs; tplaj;jpy; ngz;fs; XH

fPo;kl;lj;jpy; ,Ue;jij Ma;Tfs; fhl;bd.25

rT+jp mNugpah kw;Wk; fl;lhH

ehLfspy; tPl;Lg; gzpg;

ngz;zhf gzpGhpe;j 42 tajhd 5 gps;isfspd; jhahuhd ghj;jp u];dh

$Wifapy;> jdf;F fy;tpapy; Kjyhk; Mz;L

kl;LNk ,Ue;jjpdhy;> ,yq;ifapy; ve;jnthU NtiyiaAk; Njbf;nfhs;s

Kbatpy;iy vd;whH: “ehd; ,yq;ifapy; Ntiy nra;atpy;iy. Vnddpy; vdJ

fy;tpia ehd; G+Hj;jp nra;atpy;iyahjyhy; ,yq;ifapy; vd;dhy; Ntiyiaj;

Njbf;nfhs;s Kbatpy;iy………. fy;tpawpT ,y;yhky; vd;dhy; Ntiy

vjw;Fk; Kaw;rpf;f KbahJ.”26

kj;jpa fpof;fpw;F ,yq;ifg; ngz;fspd; njhopy; hPjpahd

Gyk;ngaHT

,yq;ifapy; Gyk;ngaHNthhpy; ngz;fspd; tpfpjhrhuk; fle;j 20 tUlq;fspy;

fzprkhdsT mjpfhpj;Js;sJ. ,J 1986 ,y; ntspr;nry;Yk; Gyk;ngaHNthH 33

eltbf;iffSf;fhd cghaq;fs;(gpypg;igd;]; ml;nldpNah kdpj chpikfs; epiyak;> 1998)> U.109 24 H. tbTf;furp cldhd kdpj chpikfs; fz;fhzpg;gfj;jpd; NeHfhzy;>

jythf;fiy> ,yq;if> etk;gH 12> 2006.

25 fk;NgHl;> “mq;NfAk; gUg;G> ,q;NfAk; gUg;G”> `_thq;> [pNah kw;Wk; u ;̀khd; FOtpdhpd;

Njrq;fSf;fpilapyhd njhopyhsHfshf Mrpag; ngz;fs;> g.96@ [atPu la]; kw;Wk;

tdRe;ju-,yq;ifapd; ,U ,lq;fspy; Gyk;ngaHe;J kPs;jpUk;gpa ngz;fs; pp. 24, 55 26 ghj;jpkh u];dhTldhd (Ntz;LNfhspd;gb cz;ikahd ngaNu gad;gLj;jg;gl;Ls;sJ)

kdpj chpikfs; fz;fhzpg;gfj;jpd; NeHfhzy;> mj;jdfy;y> ,yq;if> etk;gH 8> 2006

18

rj tPjkhfTk; 1994 ,y; cr;repiyahf 79 rjtPjkhfTk; fhzg;gl;lJld;

jw;NghJ ,J 59 rjtPjkhff; fzpg;gplg;gLfpwJ.27 kj;jpa

fpof;fpw;F ,yq;ifg; ngz;fspd; Gyk; ngaHthdJ vz;nza; ts

tisFlh ehLfspd;28 vz;nza; tpiyfspy; Vw;gl;l Fwpg;gplj;jf;f tpiy

mjpfhpg;igj; njhlHe;J 1976 ,ypUe;J Muk;gpj;jJ. fl;bl

epHkhz Mz; gzpahsHfSf;fhd Nfs;tp 1980 fspy; Fiwtila mjpfhpj;j

tPjj;jpy; ,yq;ifg; ngz;fs; kj;jpa fpof;fpw;F tPl;Lg; gzpahsHfshfg;

Gyk;ngaHe;jdH. 1994 ,y; ,yq;ifapypUe;J kj;jpa fpof;fpw;fhd midj;Jg;

Gyk;ngaHe;Njhhpy; 84 rjtPjj;jpdH ngz;fshf ,Ue;jJld; ,tHfSs;

mNefkhNdhH tPl;Lg; gzpg; ngz;fshtH. kj;jpa fpof;fpy; gzpGhpAk;

Gyk;ngaHe;j gzpahsHfs; ,yq;iff;F cs; mDg;Gk; gzk; fle;j %d;W

jrhg;jq;fspy; cWjpahf tsHr;rpaile;Js;sJld; gz tPf;fj;jpw;fhf rhpNeH

nra;ag;gLtJ 1980 ,y; cs;sijtpl 2005 ,y; Ie;J klq;F caHthff;

fhzg;gl;lJ.29 ,yq;ifg; ngz;fspd; Gyk;ngaHthdJ 20 kpy;ypaDf;Fk;

Nkw;gl;l MrpaHfs; jq;fs; nrhe;j ehl;Lf;F ntspNa gzpGhptjhff;

fzpf;fg;gl;l XH cyfstpyhd epfo;tpd; XH gFjpahff; fhzg;gLfpwJ.

midj;Jg; Gyk;ngaHe;j MrpaHfSs; ngz;fs; RkhH miug;gq;fstpw;F

cs;sJld; ngz;fs; njhifahdJ fpof;F kw;Wk; njd; fpof;fhrpahtpd30

Gyk;ngaHe;j Mz;fs; vz;zpf;ifia fle;J tpl;ljhf fzpg;gPLfs;

njhptpf;fpd;wd. Njrq;fspw;fpilapyhd njhopyhsH Gyk;ngaHtpy; ngz;fspd;

27 1994 ,y; ngz;fspd; Gyk;ngaHjy; mjd; 79 rjtPj cr;rj;ij mile;j mNjNtis>

Mz;fspd; Gyk;ngaHTk; Jhpjkhf mjpfhpj;jJ. kdpj chpikfs; fz;fhzpg;gfk;> nfl;l

fdTfs;@ rT+jp mNugpahtpy; Gyk;ngaH gzpahsHfs; kPjhd Ruz;ly;fSk;>

J\;gpuNahfq;fSk;> njhFg;G 16>,y.5(E) [_iy 2004>

http://hrw.org/reports/2004/saudi0704/,p.14; Sri Lanka Bureau of Foreign Employment, Annual 28 ikf;Nfy; Uj; fk;NgHl;> rikayiwf; fuz;bapd; ifgpb:Njrq;fSf;fpilapyhd

jd;ikfSk;> ,yq;ifg; gzpg;ngz;fSk; (,j;jf;f:NfhHdy; gy;fiyf;fofg; gjpg;gfk;> 2000) pp. 27. 30. 29 nfhOk;G EfHNthH tpiyr; Rl;nlz;fisg; gad;gLj;jp gztPf;fj;jpw;fhd rhpNeH nra;jy;

fzpg;gplg;gl;lJ. F. ,yd;];> T. \hk; NgH]; kw;Wk; J.D. ];nkf;khd; FOtpdhpd; msTfis

mbg;gilahff; nfhz;lJ. kj;jpa fpof;fpw;F njhopyhsHfs; Gyk;ngaHT: ,yq;ifapypUe;J

tisFlhtpw;F (yz;ld;:fPfd; Nghy; rHtNjrk;< 1992)@ ,yq;if ntspehl;L Ntiytha;g;Gg;

gzpafk;> ntspehl;L Ntiytha;g;G tUlhe;jg; Gs;sptpgu mwpf;if 2005> p88. 30 fpuhkp `_Nfh>“Mrpa-gRgpf; gpuhe;jpaj;jpy; Gyk;ngaHjy;”> rHtNjr Gyk;ngaHjy; kPjhd

cyf Mizf;FOtpw;F jahhpf;fg;gl;l fl;Liu> nrg;nlk;gH 2005. http://www.gcim.org/mm/File/Regional%29Study%202.pdf (accessed September 6, 2007), p.8 Gyk;ngaHjYf;fhd rHtNjr ];jhgdk;> cyf Gyk;ngaHjy; 2005: rHtNjr Gyk;ngaHjy;

nryTfSk; ed;ikfSk; (n[dPth@IOM > 2005)p. 109; rHtNjr njhopy; ];jhgdk;> ngz;

Gyk;ngaH njhopyhsHfspd; ghugl;rk;> Ruz;ly; kw;Wk; J\;gpuNahfq;fis jLj;jy;@ XH jfty;

topfhl;b> E}y; 1> mwpKfk; rHtNjr Gyk;ngaH njhopyhsHfs; kPjhd ftdk; Vd;? (n[dPth>

ILO, 2003), pp. 9-10.

19

Mjpf;fk; Fwpg;ghf ,yq;if> ,e;NjhNd\pah kw;Wk; gpypg;igd;];331 Nghd;w

ehLfspy; fhzf;$bajhf ,Ue;jJld; ,e;j ehLfspypUe;jhd tPl;Lg;

gzpahsHfspd; gpujhd NrUkplkhf kj;jpa fpof;F fhzg;gLfpwJ.32

ntspehLfSf;Fg; Gyk;ngaUk; ,yq;ifg; ngz;fSs; 90 tPjj;jpw;Fk;

Nkw;gl;Nlhhpy; 660>000f;Fk; mjpfkhd ngz;fs; jw;fhypf xg;ge;jq;fspNyNa

tPl;Lg; gzpahsHfshfj; njhopy; Ghpfpd;wdH.33 2005 ,y; tPl;Lg; gzpahsHfshf

njhopy; ghHf;f kj;jpa fpof;fpw;F Gwg;gl;l ,yq;ifg; ngz;fspy; 97

rjtPjkhNdhhpy; 87 rjtPjkhNdhH rT+jp mNugpah> Fitj;> nygdhd; kw;Wk;

If;fpa muGfs; ,uhr;rpak; Mfpa ehd;F gpujhd ehLfisNa

NrUkplq;fshf nfhz;bUe;jdH.34 %d;W rjtPjj;jpw;Fk; Fiwthd

njhifapdNu irg;gpu];> rpq;fg;G+H> kNyrpah> khiyjPTfs; kw;Wk; n`hq;nfhq;

cl;gl NtW ehLfSf;Fr; nrd;wdH35 2005 ,y; rT+jp mNugpahtpw;Fr; nrd;w

Mz;fistpl ,uz;L klq;F mjpfkhf ,yq;ifg; ngz;fs; nrd;wdH

vd;gJld; Fitj; ehl;bw;Fr; nrd;w ngz;fspd; njhif Mz;fistpl

ehd;fpw;F xd;W vDk; mjpfhpj;jstpy; fhzg;gl;lJ.36

mGjhgpapypUf;Fk; ,yq;ifj; J}jufj;jpd;gb If;fpa muGfs; ,uhr;rpaj;jpy;

gjpT nra;ag;gl;bUf;Fk; 165>000 ,yq;ifaHfSs; RkhH 70 rj tPjkhNdhH

tPl;Lg; gzpahsHfshtH.37

31 1983 ,y; ngz;fs; 42 tPjk; ,e;NjhNd\pag; ngz;fisAk;> 2003 ,y; 73 tPj rl;lG+Htkhd

Gyk;ngaH gzpahsHfisAk; nfhz;bUe;jJ. 1992 ,y; ngz;fs; njhif gpypg;igd;];

ehl;bypUe;J Gyk;ngaHe;j Mz;fspd; njhifia tplf; $Ljyhf fhzg;glj; njhlq;fpa Jld;

2005 ,y; xt;nthU ehSk; gpypg;igd;]; ehl;il tpl;L ntspNaWk; RkhH 3000 Nghpy; 65

tPjkhNdhH ntspehl;by; gzpnra;ar; nry;Yk; ngz;fshff; fhzg;gl;ldH. fk;NgHl;>

rikayiw fuz;bapd; ifgpb> p.35@ Mrpa Gyk;ngaH epiyak; kw;Wk; Mrpahtpd; Gyk;ngaH

Kd;dzp> Mrpag; Gyk;ngaH tUlhe;j E}y; 2004: 2003 ,y; Gyk; ngaHjypd; cz;ikfs;>

gFg;gha;Tfs; kw;Wk; gpur;rpidfs;(n`hq;nfhq;:Mrpah Gyk; ngaHT epiyak;> 2004), p.175; Mrpa mgptpUj;jp tq;fp> njd;fpof;fhrpahtpy; njhopyhsH fspd; gz cs;sDg;Gjypd;

cl;gha;r;ry; (kdpyh:Mrpa mgptpUj;jp tq;fp> 2006)>

http://www.adb.org/Documents/Reports/workers-remittance/workers-remittance.pdf (accessed June 2, 2007), pp.12, 120-121; If;fpa ehLfs; rigapd; rdj;njhif epjpAk;> cyf rdj; njhifapd;

epiyik 2006> ek;gpf;iff;fhd XH ghij: ngz;fSk; rHtNjr Gyk; ngaHTk; (epA+NahHf;:

UNFPA, 2006), p.23. 32 If;fpa ehLfs; rigapd; rdj;njhif epjpak;> cyf rdj;njhifapd; epiyik 2006 p.25.

33 ,yq;if ntspehl;L Ntiytha;g;Gg; gzpafk;> ntspehl;L Ntiytha;g;Gf;fSf;fhd tUlhe;j Gs;sptpgu mwpf;if

2005> pp.5.58. 34 mNj %yk; p.11 If;fpa muGfs; ,uhr;rpak; vd;gJ mGjhgp> m[;khd;> my;Gi[a;uh> Lgha; u]; my; fà;kh> rhH[h

kw;Wk; ck; my;FNaNta;d; vDk; VO ,uhr;rpaq;fspd; XH rk\;b murhFk;.

35 Ibid., p. 26.

36 fzpg;gPLfs; ,yq;if ntspehl;L Ntiytha;g;Gg; gzpafk; toq;fpa Gs;sptpguq;fspd; mbg;gil apyhdit>

tspehl;L Ntiytha;g;g tUlhe;jg; Gs;sptpgu mwpf;if 2005> p.13 37 IRIN, “If;fpa muGfs; ,uhr;rpak;: tPl;Lg; gzpahsHfs; Kfk; nfhLf;Fk; mtJ}W fw;gpf;Fk; Ntiy nfhs;NthH”>

[_iy 2> 2006> http://www.irinnews.org/Report.aspx?Reportid=27089 (accessed September 6, 2007).

20

ehl;by; nghUshjhuj;jpw;fhd me;epar; nryhtzpapd; XH Kf;fpakhd

Njhw;Wthahf ,yq;ifapd; Gyk;ngaHe;j tPl;Lg; gzpg;ngz;fspd; Ntjdq;fspd;

cs;mDg;Gk; njhifNa cs;sJ. 2006 ,y; Gyk;ngaH njhopyhsHfspd;

cs;mDg;gpa njhifahdJ 2.33 gpy;ypad; mnkhpf;f nlhyHfis

vl;baJld; ,yq;ifapd; me;epar; nryhtzp tUthapy; ,uz;lhtJ caHe;j

epiyia gpujpepjpj;Jtg;gLj;jpaJld; ehl;bd; nkhj;j cs;ehl;L cw;gj;jpiatpl

9 rjtPjj;jpw;F rkdhd tifapy; mjpfhpj;Jf; fhzg;gl;lJ.38 cs; mDg;gg;gLk;

gzj; njhifahdJ> ,yq;ifapd; ,uz;lhtJ kpf Kf;fpa Vw;Wkjpg;

nghUshd (ijj;j Milfs; Vw;Wkjpf;F mLj;jjhf) Njapiy Vw;Wkjpiatpl

tUkhdj;jpw;Fhpa ngUk; Njhw;Wthahf cs;sJld; tWikf;

Fiwg;gpw;fhd ,yq;ifapd; Kf;fpakhdNjhH nghUshjhu

cghakhfTKs;sJ.39 ,yq;if mjd; tHj;jfj;jpy; Jz;LtpOk; njhifahd

3.37 gpy;ypad; mnkhpf;f nlhyHfspy; RkhH 70 rjtPjj;Jf;F ,yq;ifapd;

Gyk;ngaH njhopyhsHfspd; cs;sDg;Gk; gzk; %yNk epjpaspf;fpwJ.

mj;Jld; ,t;Ts; mDg;gg;gLk; nkhj;jg; gzj;njhifahdJ ,yq;if ngw;Wf;

nfhs;Sk; ntspehl;L cjtpfistpl mNefkhf ,uz;L klq;F mjpfkhdJld;

ntspehl;L Neub KjyPl;lhff; fpilf;Fk; njhifiatpl ,uz;liu klq;F

mjpfkhdjhFk;.40 ,yq;if kj;jpa tq;fp mjd; 2006 Mk; Mz;bw;fhd

tUlhe;j mwpf;ifapy;> “cs;ehl;Lr; Nrkpg;Gf;fis caHj;Jtjpy; fhzg;gLk;

kl;Lg;gLj;jy;fspw;fpilapy; tpUk;gg;gLk; XH nghUshjhu tsHr;rp tPjj;ij

miltjpy; njhopyhsHfspd; cs;sDg;Gk; gzj;jpd; Kf;fpaj;Jtj;ijr; Rl;bf;

fhl;baJ. NkYk; “njhopyhsHfsJ cs;sDg;Gk; gzk; %yk; ntspehl;by;

jq;fpapUf;Fk; ,yq;ifaHfsJ Nrkpg;ghdJ ntspahH eilKiwf; fzf;fpd;

gw;whf;Fiwia Fiwg;gjw;F cjtpaJ”41 vdf; Fwpg;gpl;lJ.

38 2006 ,y;; kj;jpa fpof;fpy; gzpahw;Wk; Gyk;ngaHe;Njhuhy; 57 rjtPjj;jpw;F mjpfkhf gzk;

cs;sDg;gg;gl;lJld; Gyk;ngaH ngz gzpahsHfs; 1999 ,y; 62 rjtPjj;jpw;Fk; mjpfkhd

gzk; cs;sDg;Gjypw;Fg; gq;fspj;Js;sdH. ,yq;if kj;jpa tq;fp> tUlhe;j mwpf;if 2006> pp. 14, 85. ml;ltiz 87: Gyk;ngaHjypw;fhd rHtNjr ];jhgdk;> cyfg; Gyk;ngaHjy; 2003>

Gyk;ngaHjy; rthy;fisr; rkhspj;jy; kw;Wk; ,lk;ngaUk; kf;fspw;fhd

gjpypWg;Gf;fSk;(n[dPth:IOM 2003), p.17; rHtNjr njhopy; ];jhgdk;> Gyk;ngaUk; ngz;

gzpahsHfspd; ghugl;rk;> Ruz;ly; kw;Wk; J\;gpuNahfj;ijj; jLj;jy;. E}y; 1. p.11. 39 Milf; ifj;njhopy; %yk; <l;lg;gLk; (US$ 3.08 gpy;ypad;) tUkhdj;jpw;F

mLj;J ,uz;lhtjhd njhopyhsHfspd; jdpg;gl;l gzk; cs; mDg;Gjy;fs; 2006 ,y; 2.33

gpy;ypad; mnkhpf;f nlhyHfis ,yq;iff;F me;epar; nryhtzpahff; nfhz;L te;j

Ntisapy; Njapiy Vw;Wkjp jdpNa 881 kpy;ypad; mnkhpf;f nlhyHfisNa ntspehl;L

tUkhdkhf nfhz;L te;jJ. ,yq;if kj;jpa tq;fpapd; tUlhe;j mwpf;if 2006> p. 81; ,yq;if kj;jpa tq;fp tUlhe;j mwpf;if 2005 (nfhOk;G: ,yq;if kj;jpa tq;fp> 2006).

http://www.cbsl.gov.lk/pics_n_docs/publicaton/_docs/efr/annual_report/Ar2005/Index%20AR2005.htm (accessed September 6, 2007), p.90, box10

40 ,yq;if kj;jpa tq;fp> tUlhe;jf mwpf;if 2006> pp.75, 86, 87.

41 mNj %yk;> p.7.

21

ntspehl;by; ,yq;ifg; ngz; gzpahsHfis jtwhf elj;JtJ kw;Wk;

J\;gpuNahfq;fs; vd;gtw;wpd; mjpfhpj;j ntspg;gLj;jy;fs;> ,yq;ifaHfs;

kw;Wk; murhq;fk; Mfpa ,U jug;gpdhpilNaAk; cldbahd fhprdq;fis

vOg;gpAs;sJ. njhopw; rq;fq;fs; Gyk;ngaH njhopyhsHfsJ chpikfisr;

Rw;wp xd;W jpuz;ld. mj;Jld; ,t;twpf;if $WtJ Nghd;W murhq;fk; ,e;jg;

gpur;rpidfs; Fwpj;Jk; ftdk; nrYj;j Muk;gpg;gjw;fhd Kd;ndLg;Gf;fis

cUthf;fpAs;sJ.

22

III. Gyk;ngau vz;Zk; ngz;fs; ,yq;ifapy;

vjpHnfhs;Sk; J\;gpuNahfq;fs;

Gyk;ngau vz;Zk; ngz;fs; ,yq;ifapy; Kfk; nfhLf;Fk; J\;gpuNahfq;fs;

kw;Wk; Ruz;ly;fSf;fhd %d;W gpujhd gFjpfis kdpj chpikfs;

fz;fhzpg;gfk; ,dk; fz;lJ. Kjyhtjhf> Gyk;ngau vz;Zk; ngz;fsplk;

KftHfs; kw;Wk; Jiz KftHfs; Nghd;NwhH Gyk;ngaHtJ njhlHghd

Nritfs; kw;Wk; Mtzq;fSf;fhf msTf;fjpfkhd fl;lzq;fis

t#ypg;gjhFk;. ,J tPl;Lg; gzpahsHfSf;F jtpHf;ff;

$banjhd;whf ,Ue;jNghjpYk;> mtHfsJ njhopYf;fhd fhyk; KOtJk; ,f;

fld; Rikapid kPs;nrYj;Jtjpy; ngUk; ,d;dy;fSf;fhshf

Ntz;bAs;sJ. ,uz;lhtjhf> KftHfs; kw;Wk; Jiz KftHfs; Gyk;ngau

vz;Zk; ngz;fis mtHfsJ njhopypd; jd;ik kw;Wk; epge;jidfs;>

mtHfsJ Ntjdq;fs; kw;Wk; mtHfs; ve;j ehl;by; njhopy; GhpaTs;shHfs;

Nghd;w tplaq;fspy; rhpahd jfty;fisf; $whJ Vkhw;Wfpd;wdH. ,jdhy;

Gyk;ngaHe;j ,g;ngz;fs; Ruz;ly;fs; kw;Wk; Ml; flj;jy;fSf;fhshFk;

mgha epiyfspw;Fk; cs;shfpd;wdH. %d;whtjhf> ,yq;if mjpfhhpfs;

Gyk;ngau vz;Zk; ngz;fspw;F mwpTWj;jp mtHfsJ rk;kjj;ijg; ngwhkYk;>

mtHfsJ jdpg;gl;l gpuj;jpNaf chpikfis kPWk; tifapYk; mtHfs;

Gwg;gLtjw;F Kd;dh; ghugl;rkhd kUj;Jtg; ghpNrhjidfSf;F

cs;shf;FtjhFk;;.

,yq;ifapd; xOq;fikf;fg;gl;l fl;liikg;G kw;Wk; Ml;NrHg;G

eilKiw

Gyk;ngaH ,yq;ifg; gzpahsHfsJ J\;gpuNahfq;fs; Fwpj;jhd

mwpf;iffSf;Fg; gjpypWf;Fk; XH rhjfkhd eltbf;ifahf 1985 ,y; ,yq;if

ntspehl;L Ntiy tha;g;Gg; gzpafr; rl;lj;ij ,yq;if murhq;fk;

cUthf;fpaJ. ,J ,yq;if ntspehl;L Ntiytha;g;Gg; gzpafj;ij (,jd;

gpd;dH ,.nt.Nt.g vd;W RUf;fkhff; Fwpg;gplg;gLk;) ntspehl;L

Ntiytha;g;GfSf;F ,yq;ifaHfspd; Ml;NrHg;gpid epWtd hPjpapy;

xOq;fikj;J Kd;Ndw;Wk; XH nghwpKiwahf ];jhgpj;jJ.42 ,.nt.Nt.g vd;gJ

Gyk;ngaH njhopyhsHfs; Ml;NrHg;Gf; fl;lzk; kw;Wk; Ntiytha;g;G

KftHfsJ juFg;gzk; %yk; epjpg;gLj;jg;gLk; XH Ra epjpj;jd;ik nfhz;l

nghJj;Jiwf; $l;Lj;jhgdkhFk;.43 ntspehl;L Ntiytha;g;G Kd;Ndw;w

42 ,yq;if ntspehl;L Ntiytha;g;Gg; gzpafk;> rl;l ,y.21> 1985.

43 L.K. U`_DNfAldhd (cjtpg; nghJ KhikahsH> nghJj;njhlHG kw;Wk; ,zf;fg;ghL)

kdpj chpikfs; fz;fhzpg;gfj;jpd; NeHfhzy;> ,.nt.Nt.g> nfhOk;G> etk;gH 16> 2006.

23

mikr;rpd; Nkw;ghHitapd; fPo;tUk; ,.nt.Nt.g Ml;NrHg;G KftHfSf;F

mDkjpg; gj;jpuk; toq;Fjy;> Gyk;ngau vz;Zk; gzpahsHfSf;F gapw;rpj;

jpl;lq;fis elhj;Jjy;> Gyk;ngaHNthiug; gjpT nra;jy;> Gyk;ngaH

gzpahsHfSf;fhd fhg;GWjpj; jpl;lq;fis epHtfpj;jy; kw;Wk;

Gyk;ngaHe;NjhuJ gps;isfSf;fhd Gyikg; ghprpy; jpl;lk; cl;gl

Gyk;ngaHe;NjhH FLk;gq;fSf;fhd eyd;Ghpj; jpl;lq;fis elhj;Jjy; Nghd;w

eltbf;iffSf;Fg; nghWg;ghfTs;sJ.

ntspehl;by; tPl;Lg; gzpahsuhf gzpahw;w tpUk;Gk; ,yq;ifg; ngz;fs; XH

Ml;NrHg;G KftHfs; my;yJ jdpg;gl;l njhlHGfs; %yk; Gyk;ngau KbAk;.44

mNefkhdtHfs; Muk;gj;jpy; mtHfsJ fpuhkq;fspy; mike;Js;s cs;SHj;

Jiz KftHfspD}lhf KftHfSld; Vw;ghLfis

Nkw;nfhs;fpd;wdH. ,Ug;gpDk;> rpyH khtl;l jiyefHfspy; mike;Js;s

KftH mYtyfq;fis Neubahfr; nrd;wilfpd;wdH.45 jdpg;gl;l

njhlHGfspD}lhfg; gazpf;Fk; ngz;fs; toikapy; Vw;fdNt kj;jpa fpof;fpy;

gzpGhpAk; jq;fsJ cwtpdH my;yJ ez;gHfspD}lhf jq;fSf;fhd XH

epiyia ];jhgpj;Jf; nfhs;tJld; jq;fsJ gazr; rPl;Lf;fhf NeubahfNt

Ntiy nfhs;NthUld; njhlHgpid Vw;gLj;jpf; nfhs;fpd;wdH. ,yq;if tPl;Lg;

gzpahsnuhUtiu gzpf;fkHj;j tpUk;Gk; kj;;;jpa fpof;fpYs;s Ntiy

nfhs;NthH my;yJ njhopy; KftHfs; Ntiy nfhs;Sk; ehl;bYs;s ,yq;if

ntspehl;Lg; gzpafj;jplkpUe;J mDkjpiag; ngWtjw;F XH Ntiyf;fl;lis

my;yJ jdpg;gl;l Ml;NrHg;Gf; Nfhhpf;ifia gjpT nra;jy; Ntz;Lk;.46 tPl;Lg;

gzpahsHfis jdpg;gl;l njhlHGfs; %yk; my;yJ XH Ml;NrHg;G KftH

%yk; gzpf;F mkHj;jg;gLk; nghOJ XH njhopy; xg;ge;jk;

ifr;rhj;jplg;gLtjw;F Kd;G ntspehl;Lg; gzpafj;jplkpUe;jhd mDkjp

ngwg;gly; Ntz;Lk;.47

,yq;ifapYs;s Ml;NrHg;G KftH kj;jpa fpof;fpYs;s XH njhopy;

KfthplkpUe;J XH Ntiyf; fl;lis Ntz;LNfhisg; ngw;Wf; nfhs;Sk;

nghOJ mtHfs; mjw;fhdnjhU tpsf;ff; fbjk; kw;Wk; Ntiyf;

fl;lisapd; gpujp vd;gtw;iw

44 L.K. U`_DNfAldhd kdpj chpikfs; fz;fhzpg;gfj;jpd; NeHfhzy;> ,.nt.Nt.g>

nfhOk;G> xf;NlhgH 30> 2006.

45 ,yq;if 9 khfhzq;fshfTk;> 22 khtl;lq;fshfTk; gphpf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ.

46 L.K. U`_DNf> “,yq;ifapy; Gyk;ngaHNthH Ml;NrHg;gpd; epWtd hPjpapyhd fz;fhzpg;G”>

fpwp];bahd; Fg;l;];r; FOtpdH> njhopy; tHj;jfHfs; (n[dPth> njhopy; fw;iffSf;fhd

rHtNjr epiyak;> 2006). http://www.ilo.org/public/english/bureau/inst/download/merchants.pdf (accessed September 6, 2007), p. 59. 47 L.K. U`_DNfAldhd kdpj chpikfs; fz;fhzpg;gfj;jpd; NeHfhzy;> ,.nt.Nt.g>

nfhOk;G> xf;NlhgH 30> 2006.

24

,.nt.Nt.gzpafj;jpd; gpukhzq;fSf;fikthf mDkjpf;fhfr; rkHg;gpj;jy;

Ntz;Lk;.48 ,.nt.Nt.gzpafj;jpd; eilKiwfspd; fPo; Ntiytha;g;G

epge;jidfs; jpUg;gjpfu khditahf ,y;yhjtplj;J my;yJ Ntiy

nfhs;Sk; ehl;bd; cs;SH Aj;jk; my;yJ murpay; Fog;gq;fs; fhuzkhf

njhopyhsHfsJ capHfs; fLikahd mghaq;fSf;Fs;shFk; XH epiy

fhzg;gLkhapd; Ntiyf; fl;lisf;fhd Nfhhpf;iffSf;F mDkjpaspj;jy;

$lhJ.49 ,yq;if Ml;NrHg;G KftHfs;> VNjDk; Ml;NrHg;G eltbf;iffs;

vLg;gjw;F Kd;gjhfNt njhopy; mDkjpfisg; ngw;wpUf;f Ntz;Lnkd;w

fhuzj;jhy; KftHfs; jhk; Ml;NrHf;Fk; midtUf;Fk; njhopy; ngw;Wf;

nfhLg;gjid cj;juthjg;gLj;j Kbahtpl;lhYk; $l mtHfs; nghJtpy; XH

njhifahdtHfSf;nfd nkhj;jkhf mDkjpiag; ngw;Wf;

nfhs;fpd;wdH. ,.nt.Nt.gzpafk;> Ntiyf; fl;lis Nfhhpf;iffis

mDkjpj;j gpd;dH> ,yq;ifj; njhopy; KftHfs; Ml;NrHg;G eltbf;ifapid

Muk;gpj;J Gyk;ngau vz;Zk; tPl;Lg; gzpahsHfis NjHe;njLf;f

Muk;gpf;fyhk;.

1995 ,y; ,.nt.Nt.gzpafj;jpd; XH nfhs;if mwptpg;G> midj;Jg; Gyk;ngaH

gzpahsHfSk; mtHfs; ehl;il tpl;L ntspNaw Kd;dH mjDld; gjpT

nra;J nfhs;SkhW Ntz;LfpwJ.50 njhopy; KftH my;yJ mtHfsJ Jiz

KftHfs; njhpT nra;ag;gl;l tPl;Lg; gzpahsHfspw;F mtHfisg; gjpT nra;J

nfhs;Sk; nra;Kiwfspy; toikahf cjTtH. ,J flTr;rPl;L xd;iwg;

ngw;Wf; nfhs;tjpypUe;J Muk;gpf;fpwJ.51 njhpT nra;ag;gl;l Gyk;ngau tpUk;Gk;

gzpahsHfs; Gwg;gLtjw;F Kd;duhd ghpNrhjidfSf;F cl;gLkhW

Ntz;lg;gLtH. mj;Jld; kj;jpa fpof;fpy; gzpahw;wpa Kd;

mDgtkpy;yhjtHfs; 12 ehl;fSf;F ,.nt.Nt.gzpafj;jpdhy; ,ytrkhf

elhj;jg;gLk; gapw;rp newpnahd;wpidf; fl;lhak; G+Hj;jp nra;jy; Ntz;Lk;.

gapw;rp newpia G+Hj;jp nra;jjw;fhd XH rhd;wpjo; my;yJ kj;jpa fpof;fpy;

gzpahw;wpa MW khjfhy mDgtk;> ,uz;L tUlq;fSf;Fr; nry;YgbahFk;

flTr;rPl;L (mry;)> ,.nt.Nt.gzpaff; fl;lzq;fs; nfhLg;gdT

nra;ag;gl;likf;fhd tq;fpapd; gw;Wr;rPl;Lf;fs;> nry;YgbahFk; tprh mDkjp

48 `rhk; A. yj;jPg;Gldhd kdpj chpikfs; fz;fhzpg;gfj;jpd; NeHfhzy;. njhopy; KftH>

my; mf;fPk; vd;lHgpiur]; jdpahH epWtdk;> FUehfy;> nfhOk;G> etk;gH 3> 2006.

49 Gyk;ngaHjYf;fhd rHtNjr ];jhgdk;> Mrpahtpd; njhopyhsH Gyk;ngaHjy;: Gyk;ngaH

njhopyhshpd; ghJfhg;G> mDrhpg;Gr; Nritfs; kw;Wk; mgptpUj;jp ed;ikfis mjpfhpj;jy;.

(n[dPth:IOM, 2005) g. 32.

50 U`_DNf> “,yq;ifapy; Gyk;ngaH Ml;NrHg;gpy; epWtd hPjpapyhd fz;fhzpg;G”> Fg;l;];r;

FOtpdH> njhopy; tHj;jfHfs;.> g.56.

51 fk;NgHl;> rikayiwf; fuz;bapd; ifgpb> g. 61.

25

kw;Wk; J}jufk; mDkjpj;j njhopy; xg;ge;jk; vd;gd midj;Jg; Gyk;ngaH

tPl;Lg; gzpahsHfSf;Fk; gjpT nra;J nfhs;tjw;F NjitahditahFk;.52

,yq;if murhq;fj;jpd; fl;lha gapw;rp newpfspd;NghJ

flTr;rPl;L kw;Wk; tprh mDkjp Kiwfs; gw;wp fw;Fk;

Gyk;ngau tpUk;Gfpd;w tPl;Lg; gzpg;gzpahsh;fs;. tPl;Lg;

gzpahsh;fs; kj;jpa fpof;fpw;F Gyk;ngah;tjw;F Kd;dh;

mth;fis ,yq;if ntspehl;L Ntiy tha;g;G gzpafk;

gapw;Wtpf;fpd;wJ. ©2007 J\;ae;jp fdfrghgjpg;gps;is/kdpj

chpikfs; fz;fhzpg;gfk;

njhopy; KftHfs; toikapy; Gyk;ngau tpUk;Gk; tPl;Lg; gzpahsHfSf;F

gjpT nra;J nfhs;Sk; nra;Kiwfspy; cjTtH. Gyk;ngau vz;Zk; tPl;Lg;

gzpahsH gapw;rp newpapidg; G+Hj;jp nra;j gpd;dH ,yq;if

52 ,.nt.Nt. gzpafj;jpd; CopaUldhd kdpj chpikfs; fz;fhzpg;gfj;jpd; NeHfhzy;:(ngaH

Fwpg;gplg;glhJs;sJ.) FUehfy; khtl;lk;> ,yq;if> etk;gH 5> 2006.

26

KftH ,.nt.Nt.gzpafj;jplkpUe;J Gwg;gLtjw;fhd ,Wjp mDkjpiag; ngwy;

Ntz;Lk;.53 KftH my;yJ KftuJ gpujpepjp ,.nt.Nt.gzpafj;jpw;F Nehpy;

nrd;W> gzpahsuJ %yf; flTr;rPl;L> ntspehl;Lj; J}jufj;jplkpUe;jhd Nrit

xg;ge;jk; kw;Wk; gzpahsuJ gapw;rp my;yJ mDgtr; rhd;wpjio fhz;gpj;jy;

Ntz;Lk;.54 ,.nt.Nt.gzpafk; ,j;jfty;fis ntspehl;Lg; gzpafj;Jld;

ghprPypj;Jr; rhpghHj;Jf; nfhs;tJld;> Ntiyf; fl;lisf;fhd Nfhhpf;if

Nghypahdjy;y vd;gij cWjpg;gLj;jp> mDkjpia oq;Fk;.55 ,.nt.Nt.gzpafk;

Gwg;glYf;fhd mjd; ,Wjp mDkjp toq;Fjiy mjd; fzpdp juTj;jsj;jpy;

gjpT nra;J nfhs;Sk;. ,jd; %yk; ntspehl;Lg; gzpafk; ,.nt.Nt.gzpafk;

mjd; ,Wjp mDkjpapid toq;fpAs;sjh vd kPs; ghprPyid nra;J nfhs;s

KbAk;.56 ntspr;nry;Yk; Gyk;ngaH tPl;Lg; gzpahsHfsJ gjpTfis

cWjpg;gLj;Jtjw;F my;yJ gjpT nra;ahj Gyk;ngaH gzpahsHfsJ

mt;tplj;jpNyahd gjpTfisg; G+Hj;jp nra;tjw;NfJthf rHtNjr tpkhd

epiyaj;jpy; ntspr;nry;Yk; gFjpapy; ,.nt.Nt.gzpafj;jpd; XH

fUkgPlj;ijg; NgZfpwJ.57

tPl;Lg; gzpahsHfs; gjpT nra;J nfhs;Sk;NghJ> ,.nt.Nt.gzpafk;

mtHfsJ tprh> Ntjdk;> neUq;fpa ,uj;j cwtpdH kw;Wk; Ntiy

nfhs;NthUld; njhlHG nfhs;sy; Nghd;w tpguq;fis mjd; juTj;jsj;jpy;

gjpT nra;J nfhs;Sk;.58 tPl;Lg; gzpahsH Ntiy nfhs;NthuJ njhlHG

tpguq;fis gjpT nra;jpUg;gpd; ,.nt.Nt.gzpafk; ,j;juit Ntiynfhs;Sk;

ehl;bYs;s ntspehl;Lg; gzpafj;jpw;F mDg;gp itf;Fk;.59 ,.nt.Nt.gzpafk;

kw;Wk; Ntiy nfhs;Sk; ehl;bYs;s ntspehl;Lg; gzpafk; Mfpa ,uz;Lk;

tPl;Lg; gzpahsH kw;Wk; Ntiy nfhs;NthuJ ngaH kw;Wk; Kfthp njhlHghd

tpguq;fisf; nfhz;bUj;jy; Ntz;Lk;.60 Ntiy nfhs;NthH my;yJ njhopy;

KftH Ntiy nfhs;Sk; ehl;bYs;s ,yq;if J}jufj;jpy; Ntiyf;

53 ,.nt.Nt.gzpafj;jpd; L.K. U`_DNfAldhd kdpj chpikfs; fz;fhzpg;gfj;jpd;

NeHfhzy;: nfhOk;G> ,yq;if> xf;NlhgH 30> 2006.

54 mNj Mjhu %yk

55 mNj Mjhu %yk;

56 mNj Mjhu %yk;

57 fl;Lehaf;f ,.nt.Nt.gzpaf cj;jpNahfj;jHfSldhd kdpj chpikfs; fz;fhzpg;gfj;jpd;

NeHfhzy;> fl;Lehaf;f> ,yq;if> etk;gH 1> 2006@ my;̀ h[; A.hp.vk;. md;tH> ALFAldhd

kdpj chpikfs; fz;fhzpg;gfj;jpd; NeHfhzy;> nfhOk;G> ,yq;if> xf;NlhgH31> 2006@

U`_DNf> “,yq;ifapy; Gyk;ngaHNthH Ml;NrHg;gpd; epWtd hPjpapyhd fz;fhzpg;G”> Fg;];l;r; FotpdH> njhopy; tHj;jfHfs;> g.58.

58 \puhe;jp Vf;fehaf;f ehl;bw;fhd xUq;fpizg;ghsH> ,/nt.Nt.gzpafk; cldhd kdpj

chpikfs;fz;fhzpg;gfj;jpd; NeHfhzy;> nfhOk;G> ,yq;if> etk;gH 16> 2006.

59 cjtpg; gzpg;ghsH> If;fpa ehLfs; kw;Wk; gy;gFjp tplaq;fs;> RNkjh Vf;fehaf;fTldhd

kdpj chpikfs; fz;fhzpg;gfj;jpd; NeHfhzy;> etk;gH 16> 2006.

60 ,.nt.Nt.gzpafj;jpd; \puhe;jp Vf;fehaf;fTldhd kdpj chpikfs; fz;fhzpg;gfj;jpd;

NeHfhzy;> etk;gH 16> 2006.

27

fl;lisia gjpT nra;J nfhs;tH> MapDk; ,e;jg; gjpT Ntiy nfhs;NthuJ

G+uzkhd njhlHG nfhs;Sk; Kfthp tpguq;fis cs;slf;fpapUf;f Ntz;ba

mtrpakpy;iy.61 tPl;Lg; gzpg;ngz; jdJ Ntiy nfhs;NthhplkpUe;J

rl;lG+Htkhd Kiwapy; khWfpd;w nghOJ Gjpa Ntiy nfhs;NthH tprh

mDkjpapyhd khw;wq;fis ntspehl;Lg; gzpafj;Jld; gjpT nra;J

nfhs;tjw;fhd nghWg;igf; nfhz;bUf;fpwhH> MapDk; Gjpa Ntiy

nfhs;gtH ,e;jf; flg;ghl;il G+Hj;jp nra;aj; jtWk;

nghOJ ,.nt.Nt.gzpafj;jpw;F tPl;Lg; gzpahsH gw;wp Njbg; gpbg;gjw;fhd

topfs; ,y;yhJ cs;sJ.62

Ntiyahl;fis Ml;NrHg;gtHfs;> ntspehl;L Ntiytha;g;Gf;fhd taJj;

Njitfisg; jpUg;jp nra;tjw;fhfTk;> mNef Ntiynfhs;NthH K];ypk;

tPl;Lg; gzpahsHfis tpUk;Gtjhy; flTr;rPl;L K];ypk; ngaH kw;Wk; kjk;

rhHe;j me;j];Jf;fis nfhz;bUf;Fk; tifapYk; khw;wpf; flTr;rPl;Lf;fspy;

gy jpy;Y Ky;Yfisr; nra;fpd;wdH. FbtuTr; rl;lq;fspy; ghpr;rakpy;yhj

tPl;Lg; gzpahsHfSf;F njhopy; KftHfs; ,e;jj; jpUFjhsq;fisr; nra;J

mtHfsJ Ntiynfhs;Nthhplk; mtHfs; gw;wpa khwhl;lkhd XH

mgpg;gpuhaj;jpid Vw;gLj;Jk; tifapy; cUtfg;gLj;jg;gl;bUg;gij tPl;Lg;

gzpahsHfs; mwpahky; ,Uf;ff;$Lk;. flTr;rPl;Lf;fs; jtwhd ngaH kw;Wk;

taJ vd;gtw;iwf; nfhz;bUf;ifapy; Njitahd nghOJ tPl;Lg; gzpahsuJ

cz;ikahd jdpg;gl;l juTfs; my;yJ gzpahsuJ FLk;gj;ijj; Njbf;

fz;Lgpbg;gJ rpukkhd fhhpakhf KbAk;.

Ml;NrHg;G fl;lzKiw kw;Wk; fld; nfhLg;gdTfs;

“flTr;rPl;L> gjpTf; fl;lzk; vd;gtw;Wf;fhf gzk; Njitnad

JizKftH $wpdhH. Mdhy; KftH ,tw;Wf;fhd fl;lzq;fis

Vw;fdNt nrYj;jpapUg;gJ gazk; nra;Ak; gzpg;ngz;Zf;Fj;

njhpahJ.”63

—XH ,yq;if ntspehl;L Ntiytha;g;G gzpaf CopaH

Ml;NrHg;G njhlHghd fld;fs; tPl;Lg; gzpahsHfsJ Gyk;ngaHT

eltbf;iffs; KOtjpYkhf mtHfisg; ngUk; Rikahf thl;LfpwJ. njhopy;

KftHfs; kw;Wk; Jiz KftHfs; Ml;NrHg;G kw;Wk; Vida NritfSf;fhf

Gyk;ngau vz;Zk; tPl;Lg; gzpahsHfsplkpUe;J fl;lzq;fis mwtpLtJ

toikahdnjhd;whf ,Ue;jhYk;> rpy rkaj;jpy; ,r;NritfSf;fhf kpf mjpf

61 ntsptptfhu mikr;R RNkjh Vf;fehaf;fTldhd kdpj chpikfs; fz;fhzpg;gfj;jpd;

NeHfhzy; etk;gH 16> 2006.

62 mNj %yk;.

63 ,.nt.Nt. gzpafj;jpd; CopaUldhd kdpj chpikfs; fz;fhzpg;gfj;jpd; NeHfhzy;:(ngaH

Fwpg;gplg;glhJs;sJ.) FUehfy; khtl;lk;> ,yq;if> etk;gH 5> 2006.

28

fl;lzq;fis t#ypf;fpd;wdH. ,e;j Nkyjpf fl;lzq;fs; gpd;dH

Ntiynfhs;NthhpdJ Ruz;ly;fSf;F tPl;Lg; gzpahsHfis cl;gLj;Jk; XH

mghaj;jpw;Fs; cs;shf;FfpwJ.

Vnddpy; njhopy; KftHfs;> Jiz KftHfs;> tq;fpfs; kw;Wk; fld;

nfhLg;NghHfSf;F tPl;Lg; gzpahsHfs; kPs;nrYj;j Ntz;ba fld;njhif

fhuzkhf jhk; Nkhrkhd Ntiy epiyikfSf;Fs; mfg;gl;Lf; nfhz;ljhf

czHfpwhHfs;.64

S.gj;khtpd; fij> Gyk;ngah; tPl;Lg;fzpahsh;fspd; cah;e;j Ml;Nrh;g;Gf;

fl;lzf; nfhLg;gdTfspd; gpd;tpisTfis tpsf;FfpwJ. rTjp mNugpahtpy;

gzpahsH Ntiyf;fhf XH Jiz KftH Ml;NrHg;Gf; fl;lzkhf Nfhhpa

22>000 &gha;fis (195 mnkhpf;f nlhyHfs;) nrYj;Jtjw;F> cs;Shpy; fld;

nfhLg;gtH xUthplk; 15>000 &gha;fis (133 mnkhpf;f nlhyHfs;) mth;

fldhf ngw;whH. mj;Jld; khjnkhd;Wf;F 700 &gha;fs; tiu nrYj;j

Ntz;ba XH tq;fpf; fldndhd;wpw;fhd gpizAWjpf;nfd fpuhkj;jpYs;s XH

ngz;zplkpUe;J XH jq;fr; rq;fpypiaAk; ,utyhfg; ngw;whH. mj;Jld; jdJ

gpuahzr; nryTfSf;fhf jdJ jsghlq;fs;> njhiyf;fhl;rp kw;Wk; tp.rp.MH

vd;gtw;iwAk; tpw;whH. tpkhd epiyaj;jpy; kPjpahf mtH nrYj;j Ntz;ba

njhifiar; nrYj;Jk; tiuapy; mjw;fhdnjhU gpiz itg;ghf mtuJ

ifalf;fj; njhiyNgrpiaj; Jiz KftH mthplkpUe;J gwpKjy; nra;J

nfhz;lhH.65 gpd;dh; rTjp mNugpahtpy; mtuJ Ntiynfhs;Nthhpd; rNfhjuH

gj;khTld; ty;YwT nfhs;s Kaw;rpj;jjpd; tpisthf mtH Ntjdk; vjidAk;

ngWtjw;F Kd;Ng ehL jpUk;gpdhH. ,d;dKk; nrYj;j Ntz;bAs;s 15>000

&gha;fSf;F (133 mnkhpf;f nlhyHfs;) Nkw;gl;l fld;njhifAld; mtH

$wpdhH> “ehd; gzk; rk;ghjpf;fyhk; vd;W vz;zpapUe;Njd;> Mdhy; eilngw;w

midj;JNk mjw;F vjpHkhwhdit.”66

nfhs;fpd;wdH. ,.nt.Nt.gzpafj;jpd; cj;jpNahfG+Ht gjpTf; fl;lzkhd 50-100

mnkhpf;f nlhyHfs; tiuapyhd njhifiaNa Ml;NrHg;G KftHfs;

Gyk;ngaH tPl;Lg; gzpahsHfsplkpUe;J mwtpl KbAnkd ,yq;ifr; rl;lk;

mDkjpf;fpd;wJ. MapDk; ehq;fs; fz;lwpe;jjpd;gb tPl;Lg; gzpg;ngz;fs;

cz;ikapy; nrYj;Jk; fl;lzq;fs; 315 nlhyHfs; tiuapy; cs;sJ. ,J

cj;jpNahfG+Ht fl;lzj;ij tpl kpf mjpfkhFk;. ,e;j epiyikfspd; fPo;

mNefkhd ,t;tPl;Lg; gzpg;ngz;fs; jq;fs; FLk;gj;jtHfSf;F khjj;jpw;F 20-

64 ,t;twpf;ifapd; gFjp V Ig; ghHf;fTk;. Njhopy; KftHfs; kw;Wk; Jiz KftHfSf;F

mDkjp kw;Wk; fl;Lg;gLj;jy; Kaw;rpfs; njhlHghd murhq;fj;jpd; jfty;fSf;F> “,yq;if

murhq;fj;jpd; gjpypWg;G”I ghHf;fTk;. 65 v];. gj;khTldhd kdpj chpikfs; fz;fhzpg;gfj;jpd; NeHfhzy;> fl;Lehaf;f> ,yq;if>

etk;gH 1> 2006.

66 mNj %yk;.

29

50 mnkhpf;f nlhyHfs; tiuapNyNa cjtf; $bajhf

cs;sJ. ,r;rk;gtq;fspd; mNefkhdtw;wpy; njhopy; KftHfs; kw;Wk; Jiz

KftHfs; Gyk;ngau vz;Zk; tPl;Lg; gzpahsHfsplk; tprh mDkjp kw;Wk;

murhq;fg; gjpTf; fl;lzq;fs; vdf; fl;lzq;fis ngUg;gpj;Jf; fhl;b mjpf

fl;lzq;fis t#ypf;fpd;wdH my;yJ Ntiyj;jyq;fis xJf;fpf; nfhLj;jy;

NritfSf;Fg; gjpyhf mjpfsthd fl;lzq;fis ,yq;if ntspehl;L

Ntiy tha;g;Gg; gzpafr; rl;lj;ij kPWk; tifapy; mwtpLfpd;wdH.67

ml;ltiz 1: cj;jpNahfG+Htkhd Gyk;ngaH tPl;Lg; gzpahsHfs;

nrYj;jpajhf mwptpf;fg;gLk; fl;lzq;fs;

fl;lz tplak; cj;jpNahfG+Ht fl;lzk;/nryT kdpj chpikfs; fz;fhzpg;

gfj;jpw;F mwptpf;fg;gl;l Gyk; ngaH

tPl;Lg; gzpahsHfshy; nfhLg;gdT

nra;ag;gl;l cz;ikahd nryTj;

njhiffs;

KftH my;yJ Jiz

KftH juFg; gzk;

I.m.,: Jiz KftUf;F

&gh.10>000-16>000(US$89-142);

KftUf;F &gh.35>000(US$311)

Fitj;: KftH &gh.7>500-16>000

(US$67-142) Jiz KftH:&gh

13>500-20>500(US$ 120-182)

nygdhd;:Jiz KftH:&gh10>000-

20>000(US$89-178); KftUf;F

US$100-300 (1-3 khj Ntjdk;)

rT+jp mNugpah: Jiz KftH &gh.

22>000(US$0-195); KftUf;F 0-15>000

(US$ 0-133)

,.nt.Nt.th.gzpaf

gjpTf; fl;lzk;

US$ 90f;Fk; Fiwthd Ntjdk;

ngWNthhpw;F &gh 5980-(US$

53) US$90-180 tiuahd

Ntjdk; ngWNthhpw;F &gh 8855-

(US$ 79) US$ 180f;Fk;

Nkw;gl;l Ntjdk; ngWNthhpw;F

&gh 11>730-(US$104)

Nkw;nrhy;yg;gl;l fl;lzq;fSs;

cs;slf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ.

,.nt.Nt.gzpaf

fhg;GWjp

&gh 2>500-(US$22) ,J

Nkw;nrhy;yg; gl;l gjpTf;

fl;lzj;jpDs;slf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ.68

&gh 5000-8000(US$ 44 – 71)

flTr;rPl;L &gh 2>500-(US$ 22) my;yJ kPs;

toq;fYf;F &gh 10>000(US$ 89)

&gh 2>500-10>000 (US$22-89)

tprh mDkjp nghUj;jkpy;iy Fitj;:&gh 4000-(US$36)69

(US$40)70 rT+jp mNugpah:&gh

1500(US$ 13)71

67 ,yq;if ntspehl;L Ntiytha;g;Gg; gzpafr; rl;lk; KftHfis Gyk;ngaUk; tPl;Lg;

gzpahsHfsplk; Neubahf ,j;juFg; gzq;fs; mwtpLtijj; jLf;fpd;wJ. ,yq;if ntspehl;L

Ntiytha;g;Gg; gzpafr; rl;lk; ,y:21> 1985. ,J ntspehl;L njhopy; KftH rl;lk; ,y.32>

1980 gphpT 42I nrayw;wjhf;FfpwJ.

68 Gyk;ngaHjypw;fhd rHtNjr ];jhgdk;> Mrpahtpy; njhopyhsH Gyk;ngaHT g.182

69 ,.nt.Nt.gzpaf CopaH xUtUldhd kdpj chpikfs; fz;fhzpg;gfj;jpd; NeHfhzy;>

ngaH kiwj;J itf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. FUehfy;> ,yq;if> etk;gH 5> 2006.

70 rprpu gz;lhuTldhd kdpj chpikfs; fz;fhzpg;gfj;jpd; NeHfhzy;. njhopy; KftH> rkhrp

khd;gtH NrHtpr]; FUehfy;> ,yq;if> etk;gH 3> 2006.

30

kUj;Jtg; ghpNrhjid &gh 500- (US$ 4) &gh 1500-7500 (US$ 13-67)

kUj;Jtg; ghpNrhjid

fSf;fhf nfhOk;Gf;Fg;

gazpj;jy; kw;Wk;

KftUldhd re;jpg;G

nghUj;jkpy;iy &gh 5000-10000 (US$44-89)

kPs;jpUk;Gk; tpkhdg;

gazr;rPl;Lf; fl;lzk;

mNefkhd re;jHg;gq;fspy;

fl;lzk mwtplg;gLtjpy;iy.72

0-3 khjj;jpw;fhd Ntjdk;

nkhj;jk; &gh 8980-14>730 (US$ 80-131) I.m.,:&gh 16>000-35>000(US$142-

311) Fitj;::&gh 12>000-

20>500(US$107-182) nygdhd;:&gh

10>000-33>255(US$89-295) rT+jp

mNugpah:&gh 5>000-22>000 (US$ 44-

195)

kdpj chpikfs; fz;fhzpg;gfj;jpd; Ma;T> Ml;NrHg;G Kfth;fs; kw;Wk; Jiz

KftHfs; Mfpa ,U jug;ghUNk Gyk;ngaH gzpg;ngz;fsplkpUe;J

mjpfhpf;fg;gl;l fl;lzq;fis mwtpLtjhf Fwpg;gpLfpd;wJ. Jiz KftHfNs

KftHfis tpl mjpfhpj;j fl;lzq;fis njhlHr;rpahf mwtpLfpd;wdH.

mDkjp ngw;w KftH epiyaq;fs; nghJtpy;> Gyk;ngau tpUk;Gk; gzpahsHfs;

thOk; fpuhkq;fspypUe;J njhiytpYs;s efu ikaq;fspNyNa mike;Js;sd.

Jiz KftHfs;> mDkjp ngwhj kw;Wk; tpjpfspd;gb fl;Lg;gLj;jg;glhj

njhopy; jufHfs; Mth;> ,tHfs; Gyk;ngaH tPl;Lg;gzpahsHfs; kw;Wk; mDkjp

ngw;w KftHfSf;fpilapy; ,ilj;jufHfshf nray;gLfpd;wdH. ,yq;ifapy;

580f;Fk; mjpfkhd mDkjp ngw;w KftHfSk; Gyk;ngaH tPl;Lg;

gzpahsHfis ,j; njhopy; KftHfSld; ,izg;gtHfshf 10>000-20>000

tiuapyhd Jiz KftHfs; ehL KOtjpYk; nray;gLtjhf mtjhdpfs;

kjpg;gpLfpd;wdH.73 xU mDkjp ngw;w KftH> “75 ,ypUe;J 80 tPjkhd

gzpg;ngz;fs; ,e;jj; Jiz KftHfSlhfNt njhlHGfis Vw;gLj;JfpwhHfs;” vdf; kjpg;gpl;lhH.

74

Jiz KftHfs; jq;fs; maypNyNa tho;tjhYk;> mtHfs; jq;fSf;F

cjTthHfs; vd nghJtpy; ek;GtjpdhYk; Gyk;ngau vz;Zk; tPl;Lg;

gzpahsHfs; Gyk;ngauypw;fhd jq;fsJ G+Hthq;f Vw;ghLfis Jiz

KftHfspd; ClhfNt Nkw;nfhs;fpd;wdH.

Jiz KftHfsJ ghj;jpuk; gw;wp xU tPl;Lg; gzpahsH tpghpf;ifapy;:

71 ,.nt.Nt.gzpaf CopaH xUtUldhd kdpj chpikfs; fz;fhzpg;gfj;jpd; NeHfhzy;>

ngaH kiwj;J itf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. FUehfy;> ,yq;if> etk;gH 5> 2006.

72 ,t;twpf;ifapd; gFjp IV> “nfhLg;gdT ,y;yhjJk;> Fiwthd nfhLg;gdTkhd

Ntjdq;fs;”. 73 ACTFORM Ir; NrHe;j tNahyh ngnuuhTldhd kdpj chpikfs; fz;fhzpg;gfj;jpd;

NeHfhzy;> nfhOk;G> ,yq;if> etk;gH 2> 2006@ igrhy; rkj;Jldhd kdpj chpikfs;

fz;fhzpg;gfj;jpd; NeHfhzy;> nfhOk;G ,yq;if> xf;NlhgH 30> 2006.

74 `rhk; V. yj;jPg;> njhopy; KftH> my; mf;fPk; vd;lHgpiur];(jdpahH) epWtdk; -

cldhd kdpj chpikfs; fz;fhzpg;gfj;jpd; NeHfhzy;> ,yq;if> etk;gH 3> 2006.

31

“xU Jiz KftH vd;gtH fpuhkj;jpYs;s XH kPd; re;ij Nghd;wtH@ efhpy;

kPd; re;ij vq;NfAs;sJ vd;gij ahtUk; mwptH. mNjNghd;W Jiz

Kftiu ahh;> vtH vd midtUk; mwptH. Jiz KftH tPL tPlhfr; nrd;W

ahNuDk; ntspehL Nghf tpUk;GfpwhHfsh vd tprhhpg;gH.75 XH ,.nt.Nt.gzpaf

mjpfhhp tpghpf;ifapy;> “mNefkhNdhH .Jiz KftHfsplk; Nghfpd;wdH ...

mtHfs; jhd; kf;fis ntspehl;bw;Fg; Nghtjw;F cw;rhfg;gLj;Jfpd;wdH. …

Jiz KftH xU gazpaplk; tUifapy; ... gazp> “,e;jj; Jiz KftH

vdJ rf fpuhkj;jtH> ehd; mtiu ed;F mwpNtd;> ehd; mtiu ek;GfpNwd;”> vd epidf;fpd;whH.”76 xU njhopy; KftH NkYk; $Wifapy;> “ ngz;fs;>

Kftiu tpl mtHfsJ fpuhkj;jpYs;s Jiz Kftiu mjpfk; ek;Gfpd;wdH.

mtHfs; kdjpy; Kftiu epidj;jpUf;fyhk;. MapDk; mtHfs; Jiz

KftHfisf; $Ljyhf ek;Gtjhy; mtHfSlhfNt njhlHe;Jk; nry;fpd;wdH.

mj;Jld; VJk; eilngw;whYk; mtHfsJ cwtpdHfs; Jiz KftHfisj;

njhlHG nfhs;tJ ,yFthdJ.77 nray;Kiwfspy; ghpr;rak; ,y;yhjjpdhYk;

kw;Wk; xU Mz; JizAld; jdpj;Jg; gazpf;f Ntz;ba XH rq;fl czHT

fhuzj;jpdhYk;> XH flTr;rPl;ilg; ngw;Wf; nfhs;tjw;fhf my;yJ

Gwg;gLtjw;F Kd; mtrpakhd kUj;Jtg; ghpNrhjidfSf;fhf jdpNa

jiyefH nfhOk;Gf;Fg; gazpg;gjpYs;s fhprdq;fisAk; rpy ngz;fs;

njhptpj;jdH. Fitj; ehl;bw;Fg; Gyk;ngaHtjw;fhf 23>000 &gha;fis (204

mnkhpf;f nlhyHfs;) xU Jiz KftUf;F nrYj;jpa tPl;Lg; gzpahsH

$Wifapy;> “ehd; xU Jiz KftH ClhfNt Vw;ghLfis Nkw;nfhz;Nld;.

Vnddpy; vdf;F vtH cjtpAk; ,y;iy. vd;idf; FUehfypYs;s (khtl;lj;

jiyefuk;) Kfthplk; Nghtjw;Fk; kw;Wk; kUj;Jtg; ghpNrhjidfSf;Fg;

Nghtjw;Fk; vd;Dld; Jizahff; $l tUtjw;F vtUkpy;iy. me;j

Neuj;jpy; vdf;F vq;Nf NghtJ> vg;gbf; fUkq;fisr; nra;tJ vd;W

njhpatpy;iy……”.78

tPl;Lg; gzpahsHfs;> cj;jpNahfG+Htkhf mDkjpf;fg;gl;l fl;lz tPjq;fistpl

toikahff; $Ljyhf mwtpLk; Jiz KftHfsJ jatpNyNa

jq;fpapUf;fpd;wdH. Vnddpy; mNefkhd tPl;Lg; gzpahsHfs; njhopy;

KftHfSld; Neubahf Vw;ghLfis Nkw;nfhs;s Kbahky;

my;yJ ,g;gbahdNjhH njhpT cs;sJ vd;gjid mwpahJs;sdH. Vnddpy;

75 nrk;kzp R.`guhJt cldhd kdpj chpikfs; fz;fhzpg;gfj;jpd; NeHfhzy;>

`ghuJt> ,yq;if> etk;gH 14> 2006.

76 ,.nt.Nt.gzpaf CopaUldhd kdpj chpikfs; fz;fhzpg;gfj;jpd; NeHfhzy;. (ngaH

kiwf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ) FUehfy; khtl;lk;> ,yq;if 5> 2006.

77 Xa;T ngw;w njhopy; KftH(ngaH kiwf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ) xUtUldhd kdpj

chpikfs;fz;fhzpg;gfj;jpd; NeHfhzy;> nfhOk;G> ,yq;if> etk;gH 18> 2006.

78 rp. epHkypAldhd kdpj chpikfs; fz;fhzp;g;gfj;jpd; NeHfhzy;> fphpght> ,yq;if>

etk;gH 7> 2006.

32

mtHfSf;F> Ml;NrHg;Gf; fl;lzq;fisf; fl;Lg;gLj;Jk; ,yq;if murhq;fj;jpd;

nfhs;iffs; gw;wpa jfty;fis mwpe;J nfhs;tjw;fhd

topKiwfs; ,y;yhJs;sJ.

kdpj chpikfs; fz;fhzpg;gfk;> gjpT nra;ag;gl;l rpy njhopy; KftHfSk;

Nkyjpfkhf fl;lzq;fs; mwtpl;l re;jHg;gq;fis Mtzg;gLj;jpAs;sJ. kj;jpa

fpof;fpYs;s Ntiy nfhs;NthH ,yq;if tPl;Lg; gzpahsH xUtiu

Ntiyf;fkHj;Jtjw;fhf nghJtpy; 450-1600 mnkhpf;f nlhyHfs; tiuapyhd

kpf caHe;j fl;lzj;ijr; nrYj;Jfpd;;wdH. ,f;fl;lzq;fs; Kfthpd;

juFf;$yp cl;gl tPl;Lg; gzpahsUf;fhd tpkhdf; fl;lzk; kw;Wk; Vida

nryTfspd; Njitfis <Lnra;fpwJ.79 eilKiwapy; ,yq;ifapYs;s

Ml;NrHg;G KftHfs; rpy rkaq;fspy; Ntiy nfhs;Nthuhy;

nrYj;jg;gLk; ,f;fl;lzq;fspd; fzprkhdNjhH gFjpiaj; jq;fsJ

igfspy; ,l;Lf; nfhs;tJld; Gyk;ngaUk; gzpahshHfsplkpUe;Jk;

Gyk;ngaHjy; njhlHghd fl;lzq;fSf;nfd gzk; mwtpLfpd;wdH. kj;jpa

fpof;fpw;fhd ,yq;if tPl;Lg; gzpahsHfspd; Gyk;ngaHjy; kPjhdNjhH Ma;tpy;

khDltpayhsH ikf;Nfy; fk;gHl; Fwpg;gpLifapy;> “mNugpa

Ml;NrHg;ghsHfSf;Fg; Nghl;bj; jpwdhd juFg; gzj;ij nfhLg;gdT

nra;tjw;fhf ,yq;ifapYs;s KftHfs; Gyk;ngaHNthhplkpUe;J mjpTaH

fl;lzq;fis mwtpLfpd;wdH”80 > vd;fpwhh;.

1976 ,ypUe;J 1985 tiu

Ntiynfhs;NthNu ,e;j eilKiwfspd; tpisthfg; Gyk;ngaUk; tPl;Lg;

gzpahsHfspd; tpkhdf; fl;lzk;> flTr; rPl;L kw;Wk; kUj;Jtg;

ghpNrhjidfSf;fhd nryTfs; vd;gtw;Wf;fhd fl;lzq;fis

nrYj;jpapUf;ifapy;> “1994Mk; Mz;bypUe;J

Gyk;ngaHNthNu ,f;fl;lzq;fspy; mNefkhdtw;iwAk; mNjNghd;W njhopy;

Kfthpd; juFf; $ypiaAk; nrYj;jpdH@ fl;lzq;fs; ehl;bd; gz tPf;f

tPjj;ijtpl Jhpjkhf mjpfhpj;jJ”.81

,yq;ifapy; Gyk;ngaH njhopyhsHfSf;fhd mur rhHgw;w ];jhgdkhd

‘mf;\d; nel; NtHf;’ (ACTFORM) ,y; gzpGhpAk; Gyk;ngaHNthH

chpikfSf;fhd XH MHtyH> eilKiwapy; ,e;jf; fl;lz Kiw vt;tpjk;

njhopw;gLfpd;wJ vd tpsf;fpdhH. “cjhuzj;jpw;F rTjp mNugpahtpw;F

Gyk;ngah;tjhapd; tpkhdg; gazr;rPl;ilf; nfhs;tdT nra;tjw;fhfTk;

79 Ntiynfhs;NthHfs; njhopy; KftHfSf;Fr; nrYj;Jk; fl;lzq;fs; rT+jp mNugpahtpy; 750-

1600 mnkhpf;f nlhyHfshfTk;> Fitj; kw;Wk; nygdhdpy; 1000-1100 mnkhpf;f

nlhyHfshfTk;> If;fpa muG ,uhr;rpaj;jpy; 450-1100 mnkhpf;f nlhyHfshfTk; cs;sJ.Xa;T

ngw;w njhopy; KftHfSldhd kdpj chpikfs; fz;fhzpg;gfj;jpd; NeHfhzy;>(ngaH

kiwf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ) nfhOk;G> ,yq;if> etk;gH 18> 2006. `rk; V. yj;jPg; njhopy; KftH>

my; mf;fPk; vd;ugpiur];(jdpahH)epWtdj;Jldhd fz;fhzpg;gfj;jpd; NeHfhzy;.

FUehfy;> ,yq;if> etk;gH 3> 2006.

80 fk;gHl;> rikayiwf; fuz;bapd; ifgpb g.64.

81 mNj %yk;

33

(gzpahshplk; nfhLg;gjw;F) gzpg;ngz; tUtij cWjp nra;tjw;Fkhf

Ntiynfhs;Nthuhy; xU khj Ntjdk; toq;fg;gLfpwJ. KftH ,jid

gzpg;ngz;zplk; nrhy;yhky; gzj;ijf; Nfhhp>

mg;ngz; fl;lzj;ijr; nrYj;JkhW nra;fpwhH> <w;wpy; me;jg; ngz;

fldpy; tPo;fpwhH.”82 “KftHfs; vq;fis tpw;gjd; %yk; … gzj;ijg;

ngWfpd;wdH> mNj Neuk; … Ntiynfhs;NthUk; ,jid KftHfSf;F

nfhLg;gdT nra;fpd;wdH. KftHfs; ,U jug;ghhplkpUe;Jk; gzj;ijg; ngw

Kaw;rpf;fpd;wdH”83 vd;gij tPl;Lg; gzpahsH xUtH mtjhdpj;jhH. ,yq;if

murhq;fj;jpd; mjpfhhpfs;> njhopy; KftHfs;> If;fpa muGfs; ,uhr;rpak;

kw;Wk; nygdhd; ehl;bw;Fg; gzpg;ngz;fspd; Gyk;ngauYf;F KftHfs; gzk;

mwtpLtjhff; $wpdH. Vnddpy; ,e; ehLfspd; Ntiynfhs;NthHfs; rT+jp

mNugpah kw;Wk; Fitj; ehLfis tplf; fzprkhff; Fiwe;jsT

fl;lzj;ijNa toq;Ffpd;wdH. Mdhy; mNjNtis rpy rkaq;fspy; rT+jp

mNugpah kw;Wk; Fitj; nry;Yk; gzpg;ngz;fsplkpUe;Jk; $l KftHfs; gzk;

mwtpLtij ,t;tjpfhhpfs; Vw;Wf; nfhz;ldH.84

kdpj chpikfs; fz;fhzpg;gfj;Jldhd NeHfhzy;fspd;NghJ> njhopy;

KftHfs;> Jiz KftHfs; Gyk;ngau tpUk;Gk; tPl;Lg; gzpahsHfsplk; mjpf

fl;lzq;fs; mwtpLtij mwpe;jpUe;j NghjpYk;> vy;yhr; re;jHg;gq;fspYk;

Jiz KftHfspd; mjpfhpj;j fl;lz mwtpLjy;fSf;F mtHfis

Ntiyf;fkHj;jpa njhopy; KftHfis fhuzk; fhl;l KbahJ vdj;

njhptpj;jdH. ,e;e tpthjk;> Jiz KftHfsJ rl;l tpNuhjr;

nraw;ghLfSf;Fj; njhopy; KftHfs; ve;jtpj nghWg;igAk; nfhz;bUf;f

khl;lhHfs; vd;gij ed;F Gyg;gLj;Jfpd;wJ. njhopy; KftHfs;> Gyk;ngau

tpUk;Gk; tPl;Lg; gzpahsHfis ,dk; fhzy;> mtHfSf;fhd

flTr;rPl;Lf;fisg; ngWjy; my;yJ Gwg;gLtjw;F Kd; mtrpakhd kUj;Jtg;

ghpNrhjidfSf;F mtHfis $l;br; nry;Yjy; Nghd;w NtiyfSf;fhf

Jiz KftHfSf;F XH juFf; $ypiar; nrYj;Jfpd;wdH. MapDk; Jiz

KftHfs; ,e;jr; NritfSf;fhfg; Gyk;ngau tpUk;Gk; gzpg;ngz;fsplkpUe;J

rl;l tpNuhjkhff; fl;lzk; mwtpLtJ ed;F

mwpag;gl;lnjhd;whFk;. ,.nt.Nt.gzpafj;jpd; mjpfhhpnahUtH Fwpg;gpLifapy;>

“njhopy; KftHfshf cs;stHfs; jhq;fs; ,e;jj; Jiz KftHfis

82 tNahyh ngnuuh – ACTFORM cldhd kdpj chpikfs; fz;fhzpg;gfj;jpd; NeHfhzy;>

nfhOk;G> ,yq;if> etk;gH 2> 2006.

83 v];. kNdhwQ;rpjj;Jldhd kdpj chpikfs; fz;fhzpg;gfj;jpd; NeHfhzy;.

fl;Lehaf;f> ,yq;if> etk;gH 1> 2006.

84 vy;.Nf. U`_DNf> ,.nt.Nt.gzpafj;Jldhd kdpj chpikfs; fz;fhzpg;gfj;jpd;

NeHfhzy;> nfhOk;G> ,yq;if> etk;gH 16> 2006. RNkjh Vf;fehaf;f> ntsptptfhu

mikr;Rldhd kdpj chpikfs; fz;fhzpg;gfj;jpd; NeHfhzy;> nfhOk;G> ,yq;if> etk;gH

16> 2006.

34

tpUk;Gtjpy;iynadf; $WthHfs;. MapDk; mtHfisg; gzpf;Fj; njhlHe;Jk;

mkHj;JthHfs;”> vd;W $wpdhH.85 rHtNjr njhopy; ];jghdj;jpd;

mjpfhhpnahUtH

vjpHT $Wifapy;> njhopy; KftHfs;> cs;SH kl;lj;jpy; njhlHe;Jk;

Ml;NrHg;G Nritfis toq;Ftjw;F Jiz KftHfis gzpf;fkHj;JtH:

“Vnddpy; ,j;Jiz KftHfNs ,q;F fhzg;gLk; XH ntw;wplj;ij

epug;Gfpd;wdH……. khtl;lq;fspy; mDkjp ngw;w KftHfspd; mYtyfq;fisj;

jpwg;gjdhy; kl;Lk; epiyikfs; rPuhFk; vdr; nrhy;y KbahJ> Vnddpy;

mNefkhf mtHfs; ,e;jj; Jiz KftHfisNa me;j mYtyfq;fisf;

nfhz;L elhj;jr; nrhy;tH”> vd;whH.86

mNefkhd re;jHg;gq;fspy; njhopy; KftHfs; kw;Wk; Jiz KftHfs;

gzpg;ngz;fsplk; ehl;il tpl;Lg; Gwg;gLtjw;F Kd;dh; mjpf fl;lzq;fs;

mwtpl;lij kdpj chpikfs; fz;fhzpg;gfk; Mjhug;gLj;jpAs;sJ.

vt;thwhapDk; rpy re;jHg;gq;fspy; njhopy; KftHfs;> gzpg;ngz;fs; Ntiy

nfhs;Sk; ehl;bw;F te;jJk; mtHfsJ Ntjdq;fspypUe;J fl;lzq;fis

mwtpLtjw;F Vw;ghLfis Nkw;nfhz;bUe;jd. XH tPl;Lg; gzpg;ngz; rT+jp

mNugpahtpYs;s XH mDkjp ngw;w njhopy; KftH jdJ Kjy; %d;W khj

Ntjdj;ij KOikahf mwtpl;L tpl;ljhff; $wpdhH: “ehd; te;j Kfthpw;F

(KftH ngaH kiwf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ) 5000 &gha;fs; (44 mnkhpf;f nlhyHfs;)

nrYj;jpNdd;@ mtHfs; vq;fs; Ntjdj;jpypUe;J vjidAk; mwtpl khl;Nlhk;

vdf; $wpdhHfs;. Mdhy; ehd; mq;F nrd;w gpd;G mtHfs; %d;W khj

Ntjdj;ij mg;gbNa mwtpl;ldH”.87 Vnddpy; nygdhypYs;s Ntiy

nfhs;NthH> rT+jp mNugpah> Fitj; kw;Wk; If;fpa muGfs; ,uhr;rpa

ehLfspYs;s Ntiy nfhs;NthUld; xg;gpLifapy; gzpg;ngz; xUtiu

Ntiyf;fkHj;Jtjw;fhf kpff; Fiwe;j fl;lzj;ijNa

nrYj;Jfpd;wdH. ,jdhy; nygdhypYs;s tPl;Lg; gzpahsHfs; <l;Lk;

Ntjdj;jpypUe;Nj fl;lzq;fis mwtpLtjw;fhd Vw;ghLfis KftHfs;

mjpfk; Nkw;nfhs;fpd;wdH. nygdhdpy; mz;ikapy; gzpahw;wpa tPl;Lg;

gzpahsHfs;> njhopy; KftHfs; Ml;NrHg;Gf; fl;lzq;fis <L nra;tjw;fhf

xd;wpypUe;J %d;W khj Ntjdk; tiu mwtpLtjhf kdpj chpikfs;

fz;fhzpg;gfj;jpw;Ff; $wpdhHfs;. xU tPl;Lg; gzpahsH kdpj chpikfs;

fz;fhzpg;gfj;Jf;Ff; $wpajhtJ> “ehd; ntspehl;L Ntiytha;g;Gg; gzpaj;jpy;

gjpT nra;j mEuhjGu khtl;lj;jpYs;s XH njhopy; Kfth; %ykhfr; nrd;Nwd;.

85 ,.nt.Nt.gzpafj;jpd; CopaUldhd kdpj chpikfs; fz;fhzpg;gfj;jpd; NeHfhzy;. (ngaH

kiwf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ)> FUehfy; khtl;lk;> ,yq;if> etk;gH 5> 2006.

86 rgpdh]; `rd;Bd;> rHtNjr njhopy; ];jhgdj;Jldhd kdpj chpikfs; fz;fhzpg;gfj;jpd;

NeHfhzy;> nfhOk;G> ,yq;if> etk;gH 2> 2006.

87 vk;. rf;jpg;gphpahTldhd kdpj chpikfs; fz;fhzpg;gfj;jpd; NeHfhzy;. fpphpghth> ,yq;if>

etk;gH 7. 2006.

35

ehd; me;j Kfthplk; NehpNyNa nrd;Nwd;@ mk;Kfthpd; cjtpAld; vdJ

flTr;rPl;bidg; ngw;Wf; nfhs;tjw;fhf nfhOk;Gf;F te;Njd;. ehd; %d;W

khj Ntjdkhd 300 mnkhpf;f

nlhyHfis (Ntjdk; khjnkhd;Wf;F 100 mnkhpf;f nlhyHfs;) nrYj;j

Ntz;bapUe;jJ. ehd; KftUf;F Neubahff; fl;lzk; nrYj;jtpy;iy@ ehd;

Ntiy nra;j Kjy; %d;W khjq;fspw;Fk; vdJ Ntiy nfhs;NthH vdf;F

Ntjdk; vjidAk; toq;ftpy;iy> mtHfs; mjid ,q;Fs;s vdJ

KftUf;F mDg;gp itj;jdH.”88

KftHfs; kw;Wk; Jiz KftHfshy; Nkyjpff; fl;lzq;fs; mwtplg;gLtjhy;

gzpahsHfs; mNefk; $Ljyhd tl;b tPjj;Jldhd fld;fSf;F Mshfpd;wdH.

Gyk;ngau tpUk;Gk; gzpahsHfs; ,e;j mjpfhpj;j Ml;NrHg;Gf; fl;lzq;fis

nkhj;jkhf xNu jlitapy; nrYj;Jtjw;fhd gz trjpfisg; nghJthff;

nfhz;bUg;gjpy;iynad;gJld; mNefH cs;SHf; fld; nfhLg;gtHfsplkpUe;J

flidg; ngWfpd;wdH my;yJ fl;lzq;fSf;fhd nryit <Lnra;tjw;fhf

eiffis milT itf;fpd;wdH. kdpj chpikfs; fz;fhzpg;gfk; NeHfhzy;

nra;j gy ngz;fs; cs;SH fld; nfhLg;gtHfsplkpUe;J fld;fisg;

ngw;Ws;sdH. ,f;fld; nfhLg;gtHfs; khjnkhd;Wf;F 20 tPj tl;bapy; tPl;Lg;

gzpahsHfSf;Ff; fld; nfhLf;fpd;wdH. ,f;fld; Rikfs; Jd;GWj;Jfpd;w

Ntiy nfhs;NthhplkpUe;J gzpg;ngz;fs; jg;gpg; NghFk; jd;ikia

kl;Lg;gLj;Jfpd;wJ. ,f;fld;fspw;fhd mjpfhpj;j tl;b tPjq;fspdhYk;> tPl;Lg;

gzpg;ngz;fspd; Ntiy nfhs;NthH mtHfSf;Fhpa Ntjdj;ij xOq;fpd;wpf;

nfhLg;gjhYk; ,tHfs; XH fld; Row;rpf;Fs; mfg;gl;Lj; Jd;GWfpd;wdH.

Gyk;ngaHNthH chpikfs; MHtyH xUtH tpsf;Fifapy;> “ngz;fs;

Gyk;ngaHtjw;F Kd;Ng fldhspahfp tpLtJk; mtHfshy; mjid kPsTk;

nrYj;j KbahjpUg;gJk; ,q;Fs;s XH Kf;fpakhd gpur;rpidahFk;. fldpd;

epkpj;jk; mtHfs; NkYnkhU jlit my;yJ %d;whtJ jlitahfTk; njhopy;

nra;tjw;fhf Gyk; ngauNtz;bAs;sJ my;yJ nrhj;Jf;fis my;yJ mlF

itj;j nghUl;fis ,of;f Ntz;bNaw;gLfpwJ. ,y;yhtpl;lhy; KftH ‘ftiy

Ntz;lhk;> ehq;fs; Ntiy nfhs;Sk; ehl;bypUe;J cdJ Ntjdj;jpypUe;J

fopj;Jf; nfhs;tjhff; $WtH.

Mdhy; fld;njhif njhlHghf vOj;JUtpy; ve;jtpjkhd xg;ge;jKk; ,y;iy>

vdNt %d;W ehd;F khj Ntjdq;fis mtH ,og;gJld;> ,e;jf; fld;

vj;jid fhyj;jpw;Ff; fopf;fg;gLk; my;yJ vt;tsT kPjpAs;sJ vd;w ve;jtpj

tpguKk; njhpahJs;sdH.”89 vd;whH.

88 R[Ptthkp> kjuhr;rpAldhd (Ntz;LNfhspd;gb cz;ikg; ngaNu Fwpg;gplg;gl;Ls;sJ) kdpj

chpikfs; fz;fhzpg;gfj;jpd; NeHfhzy;> nfhOk;G> ,yq;if etk;gH 3> 2006.

89 tNahy ngnuuh ACTFORM cldhd kdpj chpikfs; fz;fhzpg;gfj;jpd; NeHfhzy;


36

rT+jp mNugpahtpy; njhopy; xd;iwg; ngw;Wf; nfhs;tjw;fhf Jiz KftH

xUthpw;F fl;lzq;fisr; nrYj;Jtjw;fhf 40>000 &gha;fs; (355 mnkhpf;f

nlhyHfs;) fld; thq;fpajhf v];. Jahdp kdpj chpikfs;

fz;fhzpg;gfj;jplk; $wpdhH.

ehd;> vdJ fpuhkj;jpYs;s ,uz;L gzk; fld;

nfhLg;gtHfsplkpUe;J gzj;ij 20 tPj tl;bf;Fg; ngw;Nwd;. vdJ

Ntjdj;ij rT+jp mNugpahtpy; mtHfs; nfhLj;j NghjpYk;

mjid mtHfs; rhpahd rkaj;jpy; jUtjpy;iy. ehd; mq;F

Ie;J khjq;fs; Ntiy nra;J Kbj;jNghNj ,uz;L khjj;jpw;fhd

Ntjdj;ijj; je;jdH. ,q;Nf ,yq;ifapy; vdJ fldpw;fhd tl;b

tsHe;J nfhz;bUe;jJ. ,Wjpapy; vd;dhy; thq;fpa fldpd;

Kjiy kl;Lk; xUthW tl;bapd;wpf; fl;b Kbj;Njd;. Mdhy;

vdJ rT+jpg; gazk; %yk; vd;dhy; gznkjidAk; Nrkpf;f

Kbatpy;iy. 40>000 &gha;fs; (355 mnkhpf;f nlhyHfs;) kPjhd

20 tPj tl;bia ehd; ,g;nghOJk; nrYj;jp tUfpNwd;> ,d;dKk;

20>000 &gha;fs; (178 mnkhpf;f nlhyHfs;) nrYj;Jtjw;F

kPjKs;sJ.90

mGjhgpapy; tPl;Lg; gzpahsuhd xU Ntiyf;F v];. kNdhwQ;rdp mtuJ

nrhe;j efhpYs;s XH Jiz Kftuhy; mwtplg;gl;l Ml;NrHg;Gf; fl;lzj;ijr;

nrYj;Jtjw;fhf 17>500 &gha;fis (155 mnkhpf;f nlhyHfs;) fld; thq;fpdhH.

fldpw;fhd epge;jidfs; ehk; NeHfhzy; nra;j Vid Gyk;ngaH tPl;Lg;

gzpahsHfs; ngw;Wf; nfhz;l fldpw;fhd epge;jidfs; Nghd;wNj. “1000 &gha;fSf;F ehk; 200 &gha;fs; tl;bahfr; nrYj;JfpNwhk; kw;Wk; tl;bia

chpa Neuj;jpy; nrYj;jhtpl;lhy; 1000 &gha;fSf;F 500 &gha;fs; tPjk; tl;b

nrYj;jy; Ntz;Lk;.”91 fhyk; nry;y> tl;b tPjq;fs; ,f;fld;fis ngUg;gpj;J

tpLfpd;wd. xU tPl;Lg; gzpahsH $wpdhH> “ehd; xUthplk; rpwpJ gzk; fld;

thq;fpNdd;> ehd; 5>000 &gha;fs; fld; ngw;Nwd;> Ie;J khjq;fSf;F Kd;dH

mtH vd;dplk; 11>000 &gha;fis ehd; ngw;w 5>000 &gha; fldpw;fhf kPsr;

nrYj;JkhW Ntz;bdhH.”92

eilKiwapy;> NkNy Fwpg;gpl;lJ Nghd;W> ,e;j ngUk; fld;Rik kw;Wk;

caHe;j tl;b mwtply;fs; vd;gd tPl;Lg; gzpahsHfis J\;gpuNahf Ntiy

90 v];. jahspdpAldhd kdpj chpikfs; fz;fhzpg;gfj;jpd; NeHfhzy;>

fz;b> ,yq;if>etk;gH 10> 2006.

91 v];. kNdhwQ;rdpAldhd kdpj chpikfs; fz;fhzpg;gfj;jpd; NeHfhzy;>

fl;Lehaf;f>,yq;if etk;gH 1> 2006.

92 v];. Fkhhp cldhd kdpj chpikfs; fz;fhzpg;gfj;jpd; NeHfhzy;> ty;NyFl ,yq;if>

etk;gH 6> 2006.

37

epiyikfspy; ,Ue;J tpl;L tpyfp ,yq;iff;F kPs;jpUk;Gjiyf;

fbdkhf;Ffpd;wJ. xU tPl;Lg; gzpg;ngz; jd; xg;ge;j fhyk; KOtJNk

Lghapy; mtuJ Ntiynfhs;NthH kw;Wk; LghapYs;s njhopy; KfthpdJk;

fLikahd clypay; hPpjpapyhd J\;gpuNahfq; fSf;Fk; kj;jpapy; gyte;jkhf

ciof;Fk; epiyikapNy gzpahw;wpdhH. ,y;yhtpl;lhy;> mtuhy; mtuJ 10>000

&gha; tl;bAldhd (89 mnkhpf;f nlhyHfs;) 30>000 &gha; (266 mnkhpf;f

nlhyHfs;) flid kPs;nrYj;j KbahjpUe;jpUf;Fk;. mtH $wpdhH> “ehq;fs; vdJ jhahhpd; ,lk; kw;Wk; tPl;il fldpw;fhd gpizAWjpahf

nfhLj;jpUe;Njhk;. ehd; thq;fpapUe;j flid tl;bAld;

kPs;nrYj;jtpy;iyahdhy;> fld;nfhLj;jtH vq;fsJ tPl;il chpikahf;fpf;

nfhs;s ,zq;fpapUe;Njhk;.............. ehd; gzpahw;wpa ,lj;jpy; ehd;

kfpo;r;rpahf ,y;yhjNghJk;> ehd; mq;F ,uz;liu tUlk; gzpahw;wpNdd;.

flid tl;bAld; kPs;nrYj;j Ntz;Lnkd;gij ehd; mwpe;jpUe;Njd;. mj;Jld;

ehd; ,yq;iff;F kPs;jpUk;gp ,q;F NghJkhdsT cioj;J flid kPs;

nrYj;Jtjw;Fk; xU topAk; ,Uf;ftpy;iy.”93

rT+jp mNugpahtpy; mtuJ Ntiy nfhs;Nthuhy; ty;YwTf;Fs;shf;fg;gl;l xU

tPl;Lg; gzpg;ngz;iz ,yq;if kdpj chpikfs; fz;fhzpg;gfk; NeHfhzy;

nra;jJ. ,e;j Ntisapy;> ,r;rk;gtj;jpd; tpisthf fpilj;j gps;isAld;

mtH ,yq;if ntspehl;L Ntiytha;g;Gg; gzpafk; elhj;Jk; XH guhkhpg;G

epiyaj;jpy; jq;fpapUe;jhH. mtuhy; jdJ fztH kw;Wk; ehd;F ,sk;

gps;isfsplKk; jpUk;gpr; nry;y Kbahj epiyapy; ,Ue;jhH.> Vnddpy;

Kjypy;> mtH rT+jp mNugpah tUtjw;fhfg; ngw;w flid kPsr;

nrYj;Jtjw;fhf kPz;Lk; ntspehL nry;tjw;fhd Njitapy; ,Ue;jhH. mtH

$wpdhH> “ehd; ,yq;iff;F kPs;jpUk;gp vdJ FLk;gj;jhUld; xd;W

NrHe;J ,Uf;f KbahkypUg;gJ vdf;Ff; ftiyahf cs;sJ ……….. ehd;

ntspehL nry;tjw;fhf 17>000 &gha;fs; (151 mnkhpf;f nlhyHfs;) fld;

thq;fpNdd;> MapDk; xd;wiu tUl tl;bAld; mJ ,g;NghJ 50>000 &gha;fs;

(444 mnkhpf;f nlhyHfs;) tiu MfpapUf;Fk;. ehd; fpuhkj;jpYs;s xUthplk;

17>000 &gha;fis fldhfg; ngw;Nwd;…. flidr; nrYj;jhky; ehd;

kPs;jpUk;GNtdhapd; mJ XH gpur;rpidahfp tpLk;.”94

rHtNjr njhopy; rl;lq;fs;> njhopy; KftHfs; kw;Wk; Jiz KftHfspd;

Ml;NrHg;G kw;Wk; NtiyapypLk; NritfSf;fhd fl;lz mwtply;

eltbf;iffspy; fLikahd tiuaiwfis ,l;Ls;sJ. fl;lzk; mwtpLk;

njhopy; KftHfs; kPjhd rHtNjr njhopy; ];jhgd rkthak; ,y.

96I ,yq;if 1958 Vg;gpuypy; Vw;Wr; rl;ltY mspj;Js;sJ. ,r; rl;lk; mur

93 vr;. re;jphpfhTldhd kdpj chpikfs; fz;fhzpg;gj;jpd; NeHfhzy;> FUehfy;> ,yq;if>

etk;gH 4> 2006.

94 Nf. mke;jpAldhd kdpj chpikfs; fz;fhzpg;gfj;jpd; NeHfhzy;> fl;Lehaf;f> ,yq;if>

etk;gH 4>2006

38

jug;gpd; xU jFjp tha;e;j mjpfhhpahy; jPHkhdpf;fg;gLk; xU fhy

ml;ltizapDs; fl;lzk; mwtpLk; KftHfs; gbg;gbahf

ePf;fg;gly; Ntz;Lnkd Ntz;LfpwJ. mj;Jld; ,yhg Nehf;fpyhd

Ntiytha;g;G KftHfs; kw;Wk; Vida ,ilj; jufHfSk; “rkHg;gpf;fg;gl;L jFjp tha;e;j mjpfhhpahy; mDkjpaspf;fg;gl;l fl;lz tpfpj msTfspd;gbNa” fl;lzq;fis mwtpl KbAnkdTk; Ntz;LfpwJ

95 Ml;NrHg;G nryTfis

<Lnra;tjw;fhf Ntjdq;fspypUe;J fopTfis Nkw;nfhs;tJ rHtNjrr;

rl;lj;jpd; fPOk; jil nra;ag;gl;Ls;sJ. ,yq;if kw;Wk; nygdhd; ehLfshy;

mq;fPfhpf;fg;gl;L rl;l tYtspf;fg;gl;l Ntjdg; ghJfhg;G kPjhd rHtNjr

njhopy; ];jhgdj;jpd; rkthak; ,y. 95> “njhopy; tha;g;ig ngw;Wf;

nfhs;tij my;yJ jf;f itj;Jf; nfhs;tij cWjp nra;Ak; Nehf;fpy; XH

njhopyhshpdhy; mtuJ Ntiy nfhs;NthUf;F my;yJ mtuJ gpujpepjpf;F

my;yJ ahNuDk; ,ilj;jufHfSf;F (njhopy; xg;ge;jf;fhuH my;yJ Ml;NrHg;G

KftH Nghd;w) NeubahfNth my;yJ kiwKfkhfNth Ntjdj;jpypUe;J

VNjDk; fopg;ig Nkw;nfhs;tJ jil nra;ag;gLk>96 vdf; Fwpg;gpLfpwJ.

Ntiytha;g;igg; ngw;Wf; nfhs;tjw;fhf my;yJ jf;fitj;Jf; nfhs;tjw;fhff;

fl;lzk; mwtpLk; KftHfSf;F nfhLg;gdTfis Nkw;nfhs;tjw;fhf

Ntjdj;jpypUe;J fopTfis Nkw;nfhs;tij rkthak; jil nra;fpwJ.97

95 rHtNjr njhopy; ];jhgdj;jpd; fl;lzk; t#ypf;Fk; njhopy; tha;g;G KftHfs; Fwpj;jhd

rkthak; 96 (jpUj;jpaJ 1949) Vw;Wf;nfhs;sg;gl;lJ [_iy 1> 1949> eilKiwapyplg;gl;lJ

[_iy 18> 1951. cWg;Giu 3(1)> 4(1)(b),yhg Nehf;fpyhd fl;lzq;fis mwtpLk;

epWtdq;fis rkthak; gpd;tUkhW tiutpyf;fzg;gLj;JfpwJ. “njhopyhsH my;yJ Ntiy

nfhs;NthhplkpUe;J VNjDk; gzk;rhHe;j my;yJ nghUs;rhHe;j mD$yq;fis NeubahfNth

my;yJ kiwKfkhfNth ngWk; Nehf;NfhL njhopyhsUf;F XH njhopiyg; ngw;Wj; jUk;

my;yJ xU Ntiy nfhs;NthUf;F xU njhopyhsiu toq;Fk; Nehf;fpy; XH ,il

my;yJ ,izg;ig Vw;gLj;Jgtuhfg; gzpahw;Wk; ahNuDk; xU egH> fk;gdp> epWtdk;> KftH

my;yJ NtW epWtdk;”> cWg;Giu 1(1) (a).

96 Ntjdg; ghJfhg;G njhlHghf ftdk; nrYj;Jk; rHtNjr njhopy; ];jhgd rkthak; ,y.95>

[_iy 1> 1949 ,y; Vw;Wf; nfhs;sg;gl;L nrg;nlk;gH 24> 1952 ,y; rl;l tYtpw;Fl;gl;lJ>

cWg;Giu 9. rHtNjr njhopy; ];jhgdj;jpd; ahg;G tpjpfspd; cWg;Giu 22 ,d; fPo; tpyf;fg;gl

Ntz;Ba njhopyhsH tiffs; gw;wp Fwpg;gpl;L KjyhtJ mwpf;ifia muR rkHg;gpj;jpUe;jhy;

kl;LNk rkthaj;jpd; Vw;ghLfspypUe;J tPl;Lg; gzpahsHfsis murhq;fq;fs; tpyf;Ftjw;fhd

XH mDkjpf;fhd Vw;ghl;il rkthak; cs;slf;fpAs;sJ. KjyhtJ tUlhe;j mwpf;ifapd;

rkHg;gzj;jpd; gpd;dH Nkyjpf tpyf;fspg;Gfs; mDkjpf;fg;glkhl;lh. cWg;Giu 2(2) (3)

97 rHtNjr njhopyhsH fUj;juq;F> Ntjdg; ghJfhg;G rkthak; (,y.95) kw;Wk; Ntjdg;

ghJfhg;Gg; ghpe;Jiufs; (,y.85)> 1949 Fwpj;jhd mwpf;iffspd; nghJthd kjpg;gha;T@

rkthaq;fspd; gpuNahfk; kw;Wk; ghpe;Jiufs; kPjhd epGzHfs; FO mwpf;if (rkthaj;jpd;

cWg;Giufs; 19> 22 kw;Wk; 35)> mwpf;if III gFjp 1(B) > 91tJ mkHT (n[dPth:rHtNjr

njhopy; ];jhgdk;> 2003)> http://www.ilo.org/public/english/standards/relm/ilc/ilc91/pdf/rep-iii-1b.pdf (accessed June 1, 2007), p. 145, para 276.

39

Ml;NrHg;G kw;Wk; Ml;flj;Jjypy; Vkhw;Wjy; kw;Wk; jfty;fs;

toq;fhik

XH %jhl;biaf; ftdpj;J gzptpil nra;a Ntz;Lnkd;Nw

KftH vdf;Ff; $wpdhH> Mdhy; ehd; mq;F NghdJk; (rT+jp

mNugpah) ehd;F tPLfSf;F Ntiy nra;aNtz;Lk; d;wwpe;Njd;.

ehd;F tPLfSf;fhf Ntiy nra;aNtz;Lk; vd;gij ehd;

Kjypy; mwpe;jpUf;ftpy;iy. mj;Jld; mjpy; xU tPl;bypUe;J

kl;LNk XH khjj;jpw;nfd 400 hpahy;fs; (107 mnkhpf;f

nlhyHfs;) Ntjdj;ijg; ngWfpNwd; ........ KftH vd;id

Vkhw;wpapUf;fpwhH.98

—vt;. E}H> taJ 36> rt+jp mNugpahtpy; XH tPl;Lg;

gzpg;ngz;zhf gzpahw;wpatH

kj;jpa fpof;fpw;F tPl;Lg; gzpahsHfshf ,yq;ifg; ngz;fis Ml;NrHf;Fk;

njhopy; KftHfs; kw;Wk; Jiz KftHfs; MfpNahH Ntiy nra;atpUf;Fk;

ehL> mtHfs; vjpHghHf;Fk; njhopy; epge;jidfs; kw;Wk; mtHfs;

ngwtpUf;Fk; Ntjdk; gw;wp toikahf ngha; thf;Fwjpfis mspg;gjhf

gzpahsHfs; vkf;Ff; $wpdhHfs;. Ml;NrHg;G KftHfs; kw;Wk; Jiz

KftHfs; Gyk;ngau tpUk;Gk; ngz; gzpahsHfSf;F mtHfsJ gzp gw;wpa

nghWg;Gf;fs;> mtHfsJ Ntjdk; my;yJ chpikfs; gw;wp mNefk;

KOikahd jfty;fis mspf;fj; jtWtjhfTk; gzpahsHfs; vkf;Ff;

$wpdhHfs;. 2004 ,y;> ,yq;if ntspehl;L Ntiytha;g;Gg; gzpaf Ml;NrHg;G

KftHfSf;nfjpuhf Gyk;ngaH tPl;Lg; gzpahsHfsplkpUe;J Gyk;ngauYf;F

Kd;djhd 1112 Kiwg;ghLfisg; ngw;wJ.99 Ml;NrHg;Gr; nray;Kiwfspd;

Nghjhd Vkhw;Wjy; kw;Wk; jfty;fs; toq;fhik vd;gd Gyk;ngaH tPl;Lg;

gzpahsHfisr; Ruz;ly; kw;Wk; fl;lha Ntiy kw;Wk; Ml;flj;jYf;F

MshFk; mghaj;jpypLfpwJ.

njhopy; KftHfs; kw;Wk; Jiz KftHfs; ngz; gzpahsHfsJ cz;ikahd

njhopy; nra;Akplk; Fwpj;J Vkhw;wpa gy rk;gtq;fis kdpj chpikfs;

fz;fhzpg;gfk; Mtzg;gLj;jpAs;sJ. ,e;jr; rk;gtq;fspy; KftHfs; kw;Wk;

Jiz KftHfs; Gyk;ngaH gzpahsHfSf;F mtHfs; Fitj;> If;fpa

muGfs; ,uhr;rpak; my;yJ nygdhdpy; gzpahw;WthHfs; vd thf;FWjp

mspj;Jg; gpd;dH mtHfis

rT+jp mNugpahtpNyNa gzpf;fhd Vw;ghLfisr; nra;jJ. rT+jp mNugpahtpy;

Jd;GWj;Jk; Ntiy nfhs;NthhplkpUe;J mz;ikapy; jg;gp te;j XH tPl;Lg;

98 vt;.E}H ,d; kdpj chpikfs; fz;fhzpg;gfj;jpd; NeHfhzy;. mj;jdfy;y> ,yq;if etk;gH

8> 2006.

99 ,yq;if kdpj chpikfs; Mizf;FOtpd;> Gyk;ngaUk; ngz; njhopyhsHfspd;

chpikfs; kPjhd FOtpd; mwpf;if. (,yq;if kdpj chpikfs; Mizf;FO> nfhOk;G> 2005)

g. 36.

40

gzpg;ngz; $Wifapy;> “Lgha;f;F ehd; nry;yg; Nghtjpy;iy vd;gJ vdf;Fj;

njhpahJ> ehd; ,ij Gwg;gl;l jpdj;jd;Nw mwpe;J nfhz;Nld;. mtHfs;

vd;dplk; tpkhdg; gazr;rPl;ilf; nfhLj;j nghONj ehd; hpahj; Nghtij

mwpe;J nfhz;Nld;”100 vd;whH.

XH 18 taJ tPl;Lg; gzpg;ngz; $wpdhH> njhopy; KftH vdf;F Lghapy;

njhopy; ngw;Wj; jUtjhf rk;kjpj;j NghjpYk;> ehd; rT+jp mNugpahtpw;Nf

mDg;gg;gl;Nld;: “ehd; Lgha; Nghtjw;fhfj;jhd; 22>000 &gha;fis KftUf;Fr;

nrYj;jpNdd;> Mdhy; mtNuh vd;id rT+jp mNugpahtpw;F mDg;gp tpl;lhH>

mtH vd;id Vkhw;wp tpl;lhH.”101 ,e;j Nkhrb NtiyfSf;F gpd;dhy; ,yhg

Nehf;fk; xd;W kl;LNk ,Ug;gjhfj; njhpfpwJ. rT+jp mNugpahTf;Fg;

ngz;fisj; njhopYf;fhf Ml;NrHg;gjpy; njhopy; KftHfs;

$Ljy; ,yhgj;ijr; rk;ghjpf;fpd;wdH. Vnddpy; rT+jp mNugpahtpYs;s

Ntiynfhs;Nthh; $Ljyhd Ml;NrHg;Gf; fl;lzq;fisr;

nrYj;Jfpd;wdH.102 ,yq;ifapYs;s njhopy; KftHfs; rT+jp mNugpahtpy;

gzpGhptjw;fhf xU tPl;;Lg; gzpahsuhf Ml;NrHf;ifapy; 800-1000 tiuapyhd

mnkhpf;f nlhyHfisg; ngWtJld;> Vida ehLfSf;fhf Ml;NrHg;gijtpl

Fwpg;gplj;jf;fsthd mjpfhpj;j ,yhgj;ijg; ngw;Wf; nfhs;fpd;wdH.103 rT+jp

mNugpahtpw;fhfg; ngz;fis Ml;NrHf;Fk; nghOJ Jiz KftHfs; ngWk;

juFg; gzk;> If;fpa muGfs; ,uhr;rpaj;jpw;fhf Ml;NrHf;ifapy; fpilf;Fk;

juFg; gzj;jpidtpl 7-9 klq;F $LjyhfTk;> nygdhd; ehl;Lf;fhff;

fpilf;Fk; juFg; gzj;ijtpl 3-5 klq;f $LjyhfTk; kw;Wk; Fitj;

ehl;bw;fhff; fpilf;Fk; juFg; gzj;jpidtpl 2-4 klq;F $LjyhfTk;

cs;sJ.104 gzpg;ngz; gzp nra;atpUf;Fk;

100 gp. ,e;jpuhzpAldhd kdpj chpikfs; fz;fhzpg;gfj;jpd; NeHfhzy;> hpahj;> rT+jp

mNugpah> brk;gH 15> 2006.

101 v];. gj;khTldhd kdpj chpikfs; fz;fhzpg;gfj;jpd; NeHfhzy;> fl;Lehaf;f> ,yq;if>

etk;gH 1> 2006.

102 V. yj;jPg;> njhopy; KftH> my; mf;fPk; vd;ugpiur];(jdpahH) epWtdKldhd kdpj

chpikfs; fz;fhzpg;gfj;jpd; NeHfhzy;> FUehfy;> ,yq;if> etk;gH 3> 2006@ Xa;T ngw;w

njhopy; KftUldhd kdpj chpikfs; fz;fhzpg;gfj;jpd; NeHfhzy; (ngaH

kiwf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ) nfhOk;G> ,yq;if> etk;gH 18> 2006: ,yq;if ntspehl;L

Ntiytha;g;Gg; gzpafj;jpd; CopaH xUtUldhd kdpj chpikfs; fz;fhzpg;gfj;jpd;

NeHfhzy;(ngaH kiwf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ) FUehfy; khtl;lk;> ,yq;if etk;gH 5> 2006.

103 my;̀ h[; A.hp.vk;. md;tH> ALFEA> cldhd kdpj chpikfs; fz;fhzpg;gfj;jpd;

NeHfhzy;> nfhOk;G> ,yq;if> xf;NlhgH 31> 2006@ ,yq;if ntspehl;L Ntiytha;g;Gg;

gzpaf CopaUldhd kdpj chpikfs; fz;fhzpg;gfj;jpd; NeHfhzy;(ngaH

kiwf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ) FUehfy; khtl;lk;> ,yq;if> etk;gH 5> 2006.

104 vd;.V. gphpauj;d> Jiz KftUldhd kdpj chpikfs; fz;fhzpg;gfj;jpd; NeHfhzy;>

FUehfy;> ,yq;if> etk;gH 4> 2006@ ,yq;if ntspehl;L Ntiytha;g;Gg; gzpaf ntspehl;L

Ntiytha;g;Gf;fhd tUlhe;jg; Gs;sptpguk; 2005> g.65: ,yq;if ntspehl;L Ntiytha;g;Gg;

gzpaf CopaUldhd kdpj chpikfs; fz;fhzpg;gfj;jpd; NeHfhzy;(ngaH iwf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ)

FUehfy; khtl;lk;> ,yq;if> etk;gH 5> 2006.

41

ehl;ilg; gw;wpa Nkhrbf;F ,yhg Nehf;fNk fhuznkd xU njhopy; KftH

Vw;Wf; nfhz;lhH: “xU gzpg;ngz; X ehl;Lf;Fg; Nghf Ntz;Lnkd

tpUk;gyhk;> Mdhy; Jiz KftNuh $Ljy; ,yhgj;jpw;fhf mtH Y

ehl;bw;Fj;jhd; NghfNtz;Lnkd epidg;ghH. mjdhy; mtH ey;yNjh>

nfl;lNjh VNjDk; xU topapy; Vkhw;wp gzpg;ngz;iz me;j ehl;bw;Nf (Y)

mDg;GthH.105

Ml;NrHg;G KftHfs; kw;Wk; Jiz KftHfs; Gyk;ngaUk; tPl;Lg;

gzpahsHfsplk; mtHfsJ Ntiy epge;jidfs; gw;wp mNefk; jtwhd

jfty;fisNa mspf;fpd;wdH. kdpj chpikfs; fz;fhzpg;gfj;jpw;Fr; rpy

gzpg;ngz;fs; $wpdhHfs;> KftHfs; my;yJ Jiz KftHfs; ehnshd;Wf;F

vl;L kzpj;jpahyq;fs; Ntiy my;yJ thuj;jpy; xUehs; Xa;Ts;s Ntiy

epge;jidfs; vd thf;FWjp mspj;jdH> vdpDk; kdpj chpikfs;

fz;fhzpg;gfk; NeHfhzy; nra;j ve;jnthU tPl;Lg; gzpahsHfSk; ,e;j

epge;jidfs; eilKiwapy; ,Ue;jjhfj; njhptpf;ftpy;iy. MH. rj;jp

$Wifapy;> “Jiz KftH kw;Wk; KftH Mfpa ,UtUNk vd;dplk;

nghJthf ehSf;F vl;L kzpj;jpahyq;fs; Ntiy nra;a Ntz;Lk;> Mdhy;

rpyrkaq;fspNyNa mjpf Neuk; Ntiy nra;a Ntz;bapUf;Fk; vdf;

$wpdhHfs;”106 vd;whH. Mdhy; eilKiwapy; rj;jp ehshe;jk; 14-18

kzpj;jpahyq;fs; Ntiy nra;jhH. kw;WNkhH tPl;Lg; gzpg;ngz; $Wifapy;>

jdJ KftH nygdhdpy; Ntiy epge;jidfs; gw;wp Vkhw;wpajhf vk;kplk; $w

ehd; $wpNdd;. Mdhy; mtHfs; mjid vdf;Fj; jutpy;iy. ‘cd

pdhH:”KftH $wpdhH Qhapw;Wf;fpoik vdf;F NtiyapypUe;J Xa;T vLj;Jf;

nfhs;s KbAnkd> MapDk; vdf;F Xa;Tehs; vJTk; fpilf;ftpy;iy. ehd;

vdJ Ntiy nfhs;NthNuhL Kuz;gl;Nld;> “vdf;F xU ehs; Xa;T Ntz;Lnkd”f;F tpLKiw ehs; fpilahJ> KftH cdf;Fg; ngha;

$wpAs;shHfs;’> vd mtHfs; vdf;Fr; nrhd;dhHfs;.107 kw;iwa re;jHg;gq;fspy;

njhopy; KftHfs; kw;Wk;

Jiz KftHfs; tPl;Lg; gzpg;ngz;fsJ gzpg; nghWg;Gf;fs; gw;wpg; ngha;ahd

thf;FWjpfs; mspj;J> tPl;bYs;stHfsJ njhif gw;wp my;yJ mtHfsJ

gzp Foe;ijfisg; guhkhpg;gJ vdf; $wp Vkhw;Wfpd;wdH. Fitj; ehl;by;

gaq;fukhd cly; hPjpahd J\;gpuNahfq;fis mDgtpj;j XH tPl;Lg;

gzpahsuhd N[. yf;kpdp $Wifapy;> Jiz KftH vdf;F tPl;L Ntiyfis

105 `rhk; <. yj;jPg;> njhopy; KftH> my; mf;fPk; vd;ugpiur];(jdpahH) epWtdk;


106 MH. rj;jpAldhd kdpj chpikfs; fz;fhzpg;gfj;jpd; NeHfhzy;;> ghze;Jiw> ,yq;if>

etk;gH 15>2006.

107 MH. cNgf;\hTldhd kdpj chpikfs; fz;fhzpg;gfj;jpd; NeHfhzy;> tshFNl> ,yq;if

etk;gH 6>2006.

42

kl;Lk; nra;jhy; NghJk; vd thf;FWjp mspj;jhH> Mdhy; ehd; rikay; kw;Wk;

Foe;ijfisAk; guhkhpf;f Ntz;bapUe;jJ. vy;yh NtiyfisAk; ehNd

nra;a Ntz;bapUe;jJ.”108

,d;DNkhH re;jHg;gj;jpy; 26 taJila lgps;A+. nry;tFkhhp $Wifapy;>

“Jiz KftH $wpdhH> Ntiy nfhs;NthuJ tPl;by; %d;W NgHfNs

cs;sdH. ,e;j ,lk; ey;yJ vd;whH. Mdhy; cz;ikapy; me;j tPl;by; VO

NgH ,Ue;jdH. mj;Jld; mq;fpUe;j gps;isfSk; ey;ytHfs; my;yH.”109 vd;whH.

NkYnkhU rk;gtj;jpy;> XH njhopy; KftH [p. rpj;jpuhit> mtH rT+jp

mNugpahtpy; gzpGhpag; NghFk; tPl;bd; FLk;g msT gw;wpg; ngha;ahd

jftypidf; $wpapUe;jhH. mtH $wpdhH> “,q;F ehd; xU FLk;gj;jpw;Nf gzpahw;w te;Njd;> Mdhy; me;j tPl;by; %d;W FLk;gq;fs; ,Ue;jd.”110 [p. rpj;jpuhtpd; KftH> mtuJ Ntiyg;gO kw;Wk; Ntjdk; gw;wpAk; ngha;

thf;FWjp msp;j;jpUe;jhH@ thf;FWjpaspf;fg;gl;lJ Nghd;W mtUf;F Xa;Tehs;

fpilf;fNtapy;iy. mj;Jld; njhopy; KftH cj;juthjk; nfhLj;j

Ntjdj;jpd; %d;wpy; ,uz;L gq;if kl;LNk ngw;whH. mDkjp ngw;w XH

njhopy; KftH> Jiz KftHfs; ,t;tpjkhd Vkhw;W Ml;NrHg;G

eltbf;iffspy; <LgLtjhf xj;Jf; nfhz;ldH. mtH $Wifapy;> “Jiz

KftH ngha; $WtJjhd; ,q;F gpur;rpid. mtH gzpg;ngz;zplk;> ,e;j

Ntiy nfhs;Nthhpw;F ,uz;L gps;isfNs cs;sdH> Rj;jpfhpg;gjw;F gy

miwfs; ,Ue;jhYk;> ,uz;L miwfs; kl;LNk cs;snjd ngha; $WthH”111 vd;whH.

mNefkhd re;jHg;gq;fspy;> njhopy; KftHfs; kw;Wk; Jiz KftHfs; tPl;Lg;

gzpahsHfSf;F mtHfs; cz;ikapy; ngWk; Ntjdj;jpid tpl mjpfkhd

Ntjdj;ijNa thf;FWjp mspg;ghHfs;. Fitj; kw;wk; rT+jp mNugpahtpy; Ie;J

jlitfs; gzpahw;wpa xU tPl;Lg; gzpahsH $Wifapy;> filrpj; jlitahf

2005 ,y; rT+jp mNugpahtpw;Fg; Gyk; ngaHtjw;F Kd;dH> “KftH $wpdhH

vdJ Ntjdk; 500 wpahy;fs; vd (133 mnkhpf;f nlhyHfs;)> vdpDk; ehd;

mq;F NghdnghOJ vdf;f 400 wpahy;fNs (107 mnkhpf;f nlhyHfs;)

jug;gl;lJ...... ehd; vdJ Ntiynfhs;Nthhplk; Vd; 500

wpahy;fs; ,y;iynadf; Nfl;lnghOJ> Ntiynfhs;NthH xU Gj;jfk; Nghd;w

xd;iwf; fhl;b> “ehd; ,jpYs;s njhifia kl;Lk;jhd; nrYj;j Ntz;Lk;.

108 N[. yf;kpdpAldhd kdpj chpikfs; fz;fhzpg;gfj;jpd; NeHfhzy;> fl;Lehaf;f> ,yq;if>

etk;gH 9> 2006.

109 lgps;A+. nry;tFkhhpAldhd kdpj chpikfs; fz;fhzpg;gfj;jpd; NeHfhzy;>


110 [p. rpj;jpuhTldhd kdpj chpikfs; fz;fhzpg;gfj;jpd; NeHfhzy;> wpahj;> rT+jp mNugpah>

brk;gH 6> 2006.

111 `rhk; V yj;jPg;> njhopy; KftH> my; mf;fPk; vd;ugpiur];(jdpahH) epWtdj;Jldhd kdpj

chpikfs; fz;fhzpg;gfj;jpd; NeHfhzy;> FUehfy;> ,yq;if> etk;gH 3> 2006.

43

cdJ KftH cd;dplk; ngha; $wpapUf;fpwhd;”> vd;whH.112 ,yq;ifapYs;s

KftHfs;> njhopy; xg;ge;jj;jpy; Fwpg;gplg;gLk; Ntjdj;ijtpl cz;ikapy;

toq;fg;gLk; Ntjdq;fs; FiwthdJ vd;gij jhq;fs; mwpe;jpUg;gjhf

njhptpj;jhHfs;.113 ,yq;ifapd; njhopy;rhH njhopy; KftHfs; rk;Nksdj;jpd;

jiytH Ntjdk; gw;wpa Nkhrb nghJthff; fhzg;gLtij Vw;Wf; nfhz;lhH:

“xU tPl;Lg; gzpg;ngz;zpd; Ntjdk; 125 mnkhpf;f nlhyHfshf ,Uf;Fk;>

Mdhy; Jiz KftH mg;gzpg;ngz;zpw;fhd Ntjdk; 150 my;yJ 200

mnkhpf;f nlhyHfs; vdf; $WtH”> vd;whH.114

Vida re;jHg;gq;fspy;> Jiz KftHfs; tPl;Lg; gzpahsHfsplk; mtHfs;

ngwtpUf;Fk; Ntjdk; gw;wp ngha; thf;FWjpfs; mspg;gjhFk;. ,J tPl;Lg;

gzpahsHfsJ gaz Vw;ghLfs; G+Hj;jpahdjd; gpd;dNu mtHfsJ

cz;ikahd Ntjdk; FiwthdJ vdj; njhptpg;gH. cjhuzj;jpw;F> If;fpa

muGfs; ,uhr;rpaj;jpd;> Lghapy; gzpahw;wpa 28 taJila XU tPl;Lg;

gzpg;ngz; $wpajhtJ> “vdf;F khjj;jpw;F 750 buhk;fs; (204 mnkhpf;f

nlhyHfs;) Ntjdkhfj; jug;gLk; vd cWjpaspj;jhH ...... Gwg;gLk; jpdj;jd;W

Jiz KftH njhopy; xg;ge;jk; kw;Wk; tpkhdg; gazr;rPl;ilf; nfhz;L te;J

je;j nghONj> vdf;F Ntjdkhf 450 buhk;fs; kl;LNk (123 mnkhpf;f

nlhyHfs;) jug;gLk; vd mwpe;J nfhz;Nld; .......> ehd;

mthplk; Vd; vdf;F 750 buhk;fs; Ntjdkhfj; jug;gLnkd cWjpaspj;jha;

vdf; Nfl;L> ,UtUk; thf;Fthjj;jpy; <Lgl;Nlhk;. vdpDk; gazr;rPl;Lf;fhd

fl;lzk; nrYj;jg;gl;bUe;jjhy; NtW topapd;wp ehd; gazpf;f Ntz;bajhfp

tpl;lJ.”115 mtUf;F 450 buhk;fs; kl;LNk Ntjdkhf toq;fg;gl;lJ.

njhopy; KftHfs; kw;Wk; Jiz KftHfs; rpy rkaq;fspy; gzpg;ngz;Zf;Fj;

njhpahj nkhopfspy; njhopy; xg;ge;jj;jpid vOjp mjidg; gad;gLj;jpAk;

Vkhw;Wfpd;wdH. ,d;Dk; rpy re;jHg;gq;fspy; njhopy; KftHfs; kw;Wk; Jiz

KftHfs; njhopy; xg;ge;jj;jpy; Ntjdj;ijg; gw;wpf; Fwpg;gpLk; rpy gFjpfis

kl;LNk gzpahsH Ghpe;J nfhs;sf; $ba nkhopapy; nkhopngaHj;J

itj;jpUg;gH. NtW rpy rkaq;fspy;> ,yq;ifapy; itj;J xg;ge;jk;

112 v];. rpj;jpAldhd kdpj chpikfs; fz;fhzpg;gfj;jpd; NeHfhzy;> jpfhhp> ,yq;if> etk;gH

8> 2006.

113 `rhk; V yj;jPg;> njhopy; KftH> my; mf;fPk; vd;ugpiur];(jdpahH) epWtdj;Jldhd kdpj

chpikfs; fz;fhzpg;gfj;jpd; NeHfhzy;> FUehfy;> ,yq;if> etk;gH 3> 2006. mtH

$Wifapy;> “rT+jp mNugpahtpy; cj;jpNahfG+Htkhf Ntjdk; 450-500 rT+jp hpahy;fs;.

cz;ikapy; mtHfs; 400 hpahy;fisNa ngw;wdH. Mdhy; mDgtk; nfhz;l gzpahsHfs; 450

hpahy;fisg; ngWtH”> vd;whH.

114 my;̀ h[; A.hp.vk;. md;tPUldhd kdpj chpikfs; fz;fhzpg;gfj;jpd; NeHfhzy;> ALFEA>

nfhOk;G> ,yq;if> xf;NlhgH 31> 2006.

115 gp. rtpe;jpAldhd kdpj chpikfs; fz;fhzpg;gfj;jpd; NeHfhzy;> FUehfy;> nfhOk;G>

etk;gH 4> 2006.

44

ifr;rhj;jpl;bUe;jhYk; $l mtHfs; kj;jpa fpof;if te;jile;jJk; GjpaNjhH

xg;ge;jj;jpy; ifr;rhj;jply; Ntz;Lk;. ,e;j midj;Jr; re;jHg;gq;fspYk;

xg;ge;jq;fs; mNugpa nkhopapNyNa ,Ug;gJld;> gzpahsHfSf;F xg;ge;jj;jpd;

gpujpnaJTk; toq;fg;gLtJkpy;iy. ,jdhy; gzpahsh;fSf;F tha;%ykhf

cWjpaspf;fg;gl;l epge;jidfSk;> gzpahsHfs; ifnahg;gkpl;l %y

xg;ge;jj;jpd; epge;jidfSk; xd;Wjhd; vd;gjidg; gpd;dH cWjp nra;J

nfhs;tjpy; rpf;fy;fs; Vw;gLfpd;wJ.

vr;. re;jphpf;fh tpghpf;ifapy;> “mq;Fs;s KftH (Lgha;) vdf;F xU

Mtzj;ijf; fhl;b vdJ Ntiy nfhs;NthhplkpUe;jhd xg;ge;jk; vd;Wk; mjpy;

ifnahg;gkpLk;gbAk; $wpdhH. ehDk; mjpy; ifnahg;gkpl;Nld;. mJ mNugpa

nkhopapy; ,Ue;jJ> mjpy; cs;sJ vd;dntd;W vdf;Fj; njhpahJ. Lgha;f;F

te;jJk; mtHfs; tpkhd epiyaj;jpw;F te;J vd;id Kfthplk; mioj;J

nrd;W xg;ge;jj;jpy; ifnahg;gkpl itj;jdH> ,itnay;yhk; xNu ehspy;

eilngw;wd. xg;ge;jj;jpYs;s epge;jidfs; gw;wp vdf;F vJTk; $wtpy;iy.

vdf;F xU gpujpiaf; $lj; jutpy;iy........ ehd; Gwg;gLtjw;F Kd;dH Jiz

KftH vd;dplk; $wpdhH> khjnkhd;Wf;F vdf;F 500 buhk;fs; (136 mnkhpf;f

nlhyHfs;) jug;gLnkd;W> Mdhy; vdf;F khjj;jpw;F 400 buhk;fNs (109

mnkhpf;f nlhyHfs;) jug;gl;ld.”116

Nkhrb nra;ag;gl;L Ml;NrHf;fg;gLjy; kw;Wk; Nghjpa jfty;fspy;yhjpUg;gJk;>

Ruz;ly;fSf;fhshFtjw;F Jiz epw;gJld; tPl;Lg; gzpahsHfshf mtHfs;

kpff; Fiwe;j Nguk; NgRe;jpwidNa nfhz;bUf;fpd;wdH. rT+jp mNugpahtpw;Fg;

Gyk;ngaHtjw;F Kd;dH Fitj; ehl;by; gzpGhpe;j xU tPl;Lg; gzpahsH

$Wifapy;> “ehd; ,yq;ifia tpl;Lg; Gwg;gl Kd;dH> rT+jp

mNugpahtpy; ,t;tpjkpUf;Fk; vd vdf;Fj; njhpahJ ......... vdJ KftH

vd;dplk; vjidAk; njhptpf;ftpy;iy.”117 rT+jp mNugpahtpy; mtH Xa;tpy;yhj

kpFe;j Ntiyr;Rik> gyte;jkhf milj;J itj;jy; kw;Wk; tha;thHj;ij

%ykhd J\;gpuNahfq;fSf;F MshfpdhH. ,d;DnkhU rk;gtj;jpy;> [p. kfpok;

vd;gtuJ Jiz KftH kw;Wk; KftHfs; mtH rT+jp mNugpahtpw;Fg;

Gyk;ngaHtjw;F Kd;dH mtuJ Ntjdk; gw;wp mwptpf;ftpy;iy my;yJ xU

njhopy; xg;ge;jj;ij toq;ftpy;iy. mtH Ntiy nra;j Njapiyj;

Njhl;lj;jpw;Fr; nrd;w Jiz KftH> “eP NghFkplk; kpfTk; ey;y ,lk;” vd;W kl;LNk $wpdhH:

ehd; rT+jp mNugpahtpw;F te;j gpd;dH> vdJ Ntiy nfhs;gtH

vdJ Ntjdk; 400 hpahy;fs; (107 mnkhpf;f nlhyHfs;) vd;W

116 vr;. re;jphpf;fhTldhd kdpj chpikfs; fz;fhzpg;gfj;jpd; NeHfhzy;> FUehfy;> ,yq;if>

etk;gH 4>2006.

117 gp. ead;bdpAldhd kdpj chpikfs; fz;fhzpg;gfj;jpd; NeHfhzy;> uk;Ng> ,yq;if>

etk;gH 5> 2006.

45

$wpa gpd;dNu> mij ehd; mwpe;J nfhz;Nld;. ,J

NghJkhdjy;y> ,e;j Ntjdk; vdJ gps;isfspd; gbg;G kw;Wk;

rhg;ghL Nghd;wtw;Wf;Fg; NghjhJ. ehd; Ntjdj;ijf; $l;bj;

jUkhW Nfl;Nld;@ vdJ Ntiy nfhs;NthH mjw;F kWj;jJld;

vd;id ,yq;iff;Fg; Ngha; jpUk;gp tUkhWk;> me;j rkaj;jpy;

mtHfs; Ntjdj;ij mjpfhpg;gjhfTk; $wpdhHfs;.... ,yq;ifia

tpl;Lg; Gwg;gl Kd;dH vdf;F vt;tsT Ntjdk; fpilf;Fk; vd;gJ

gw;wp vdf;F vJTk; njhpe;jpUf;ftpy;iy.118

kdpj chpikfs; fz;fhzpg;gfk; NeHfhzy; nra;j mNefkhd tPl;Lg;

gzpahsHfs;> jhq;fs; xUNghJk; njhopy; xg;ge;jnkhd;wpy;

ifnahg;gkpl;ljhfNth my;yJ mjd; gpujpnahd;W jq;fSf;F

toq;fg;gl;ljhfNth njhptpf;ftpy;iy. nghJthf Jiz KftHfs; njhopy;

xg;ge;jq;fis toq;Ftjpy;iy@ nghJtpy; mDkjp ngw;w KftHfs;

mYtyfq;fspNyNa Gyk;ngaUk; tPl;Lg; gzpahsHfs; njhopy; xg;ge;jj;jpy;

ifr;rhj;jpLtH. gpuahz Vw;ghLfisf; ifahSk; KftNuhL Neubahfr;

re;jpf;fhj tPl;Lg; gzpahsHfs; mNefk; njhopy; xg;ge;jj;jpy;

ifr;rhj;jpLtNjapy;iy.119

nygdhd; ehl;Lf;Fg; Gyk;ngaHe;j tPl;Lg; gzpahsuhd W. Rre;jpf;fh

$Wifapy;> “vdJ Kfthplk;> ehd; xg;ge;jk; xd;wpy; ifnahg;gkpl Ntz;Lkh

vdf; Nfl;Nld;. mjw;F mtH> ftiyg;gl Ntz;lhk;. ehd; midj;ijAk;

Ntiynfhs;NthNuhL Vw;ghL nra;J nfhs;fpd;Nwd;> gag;gl Ntz;lhk;> vdJ

Ntjdk; 125 mnkhpf;f nlhyHfs;@ VNjDk; gpur;rpidfs; Vw;gl;lhy;

njhiyNgrpapy; mioj;Jf; $Wq;fs;. ehq;fs; mijj; jPHj;J itg;Nghk;” vd;whH. mth; jd; %yk; Gyk;ngaHe;j midj;J tPl;Lg; gzpahsHfSf;Fkhd

njhopy; xg;ge;jq;fis jhNd ifnaOj;jpl;ljhff; $wpdhH..... ehd;

Vkhw;wg;gl;lhy; vd;d nra;tJ vd;W mtiu ehd; kPz;Lk; tpdtpNdd;. mjw;F

mtH mg;gb vJTk; eilngwhJ vd;W $wpdhH.”120 Mdhy; eilKiwapy; w.

Rre;jpfhTf;F 100 mnkhpf;f nlhyHfs; kl;LNk khjnkhd;Wf;F Ntjdkhff;

nfhLf;fg;gl;lJ.

Vida re;jHg;gq;fspy; Ntiy nra;Ak; ehl;by; mtHfsJ chpikfs; gw;wp

Ml;NrHg;G KftHfs; my;yJ Jiz KftHfs; tPl;Lg; gzpahsHfSf;F

jtwhd jfty;fis mspf;fpd;wdH. nygdhdpw;Fg; Gyk;ngaHe;;j XH tPl;Lg;

118 [p. kfpoj;Jldhd kdpj chpikfs; fz;fhzpg;gfj;jpd; NeHfhzy;> k];nfypah> ,yq;if>

etk;gH 13> 2006.

119 igrhy; rkj;Jldhd kdpj chpikfs; fz;fhzpg;gfj;jpd; NeHfhzy;>

ghze;Jiw> ,yq;if> xf;Nlhgh; 30> 2006.

120 lgps;A+. Rre;jpfhTldhd kdpj chpikfs; fz;fhzpg;gfj;jpd; NeHfhzy;>

ghze;Jiw> ,yq;if> etk;gH 15> 2006.

46

gzpahsH $Wifapy;> “Jiz KftH my;yJ KftH Mfpa ,UtUNk...

Ntiy nfhs;NthhplkpUe;J khWtjw;F my;yJ tpl;L tpyFtjw;fhd vdJ

chpikfs; gw;wpf; $wtpy;iy.... mtHfs; nrhd;dhHfs; xg;ge;j fhykhd 2

tUlq;fs; kw;Wk; 90 ehl;fs; Kbtiltjw;F Kd;dH vd;dhy; ehL jpUk;g

KbahJ vd;W kl;Lk; $wpdhHfs;. Ntnwe;j tpsf;fKk; ,y;iy.”121 vd;whH. Ml;NrHg;G KftHfs; my;yJ Jiz KftHfs; rpyrkaq;fspy; tPl;Lg;

gzpahsHfsplk; Ntiy xg;ge;jk; G+Hj;jpahtjw;F Kd;dk; mjid

Kwpj;J ,yq;if jpUk;Gtjw;fhd mtHfsJ chpikiaf; iftpLtjhff; $Wk;

xU cj;juthjj;jpy; ifnaOj;jpLk;gb Ntz;Lfpd;wdH. ,e;j nghWg;ngLj;jy;

cj;juthjk; Ntiy xg;ge;jj;jpypUe;J jdpahdit. Fitj; ehl;bw;Fr; nrd;w

vk;. bypNdf;fh vDk; Gyk;ngaHe;j gzpg;ngz; $Wifapy;> “KftH

epWtdj;jpy; ehd; xU fhfpjj;jpy; ifnaOj;jpl;Nld;> mjpy; ehd; rpy

f\;lq;fis vjpH Nehf;fpdhYk; xg;ge;j fhyk; KbTWk;tiu ehd; mq;F

jq;fpapUg;Ngd; vd;Wk; vf;fhuzk; nfhz;Lk; vdJ KftH

vd;idj; jpUg;gp miof;fkhl;lhH vdTk; Fwpg;gplg;gl;bUe;jJ. vdJ flikfs;

my;yJ Ntjdk; gw;wpa jfty;fisf; nfhz;l Ntnwe;j Mtzq;fspYk; ehd;

ifnaOj;J ,ltpy;iy.”122

Ml;NrHg;gpd; Nghjhd rpy Nkhrbahd ,r;rk;gtq;fs; tYf;fl;lha

NtiyfSf;fhd Ml;flj;jypw;F xg;ghdjhFk;.123 Gyk;ngaHjy;

eltbf;iffspy; ,e;jg; gyg;gpuNahfk;> gyte;jg;gLj;jy; my;yJ Vkhw;Wjy;

vd;gd rpy fl;lq;fspy; Ml;flj;jYf;fhd jd;ikfisf; nfhz;bUe;jd. ,e;j

Vkhw;Wr; rk;gtq;fs; rl;lG+Htkhd Ml;NrHg;G eltbf;iffspd; NghJ

eilngw;whYk; kdpj chpikfs; fz;fhzpg;gfk; Mtzg;gLj;jpa rpy

121 MH. rj;jpAldhd kdpj chpikfs; fz;fhzpg;gfj;jpd; NeHfhzy;> ghze;Jiw> ,yq;if>

etk;gH 15> 2006.

122 vk;. bnydpf;fhTldhd kdpj chpikfs; fz;fhzpg;gfj;jpd; NeHfhzy;> FUehfy;

khtl;lk;> ,yq;if> etk;gH 5. 2006.

123 egHfis tpNrlkhf ngz;fs; kw;Wk; rpWtHfis Ml;flj;Jtij jLj;jy;> fl;Lg;gLj;jy;

kw;Wk; jz;bj;jYf;fhd If;fpa ehLfspd; tiuNtL Ml;flj;jiy> “Ruz;Ljy; Nehf;fj;jpw;fhf

Ml;fis mr;RWj;jp my;yJ gyj;ijg; gpuNahfpj;J my;yJ tYf;fl;lhag;gLj;jy; Kiwfshd

flj;Jjy;> Nkhrb> Vkhw;Wjy;> mjpfhu J\;gpuNahfk; my;yJ eypTw;w epiy my;yJ

,d;DNkhH egH Nky; fl;Lg;ghl;ilf; nfhz;bUf;Fk; xUtUf;Ff; nfhLg;gdT my;yJ

ed;ikfis msp;j;jy; my;yJ ngw;Wf; nfhLj;jy; Nghd;w topfshy; Ml;NrHj;jy;> nfhz;L

nry;yy;> ,lk; khw;Wjy;> ,lkspj;jy; my;yJ egHfisg; ngw;Wf; nfhLj;jy; vd

tiutpyf;fzg;gLj;JfpwJ. egHfis tpNrlkhf ngz;fs; kw;Wk; rpWtHfis Ml;flj;Jtij

jLj;jy;> fl;Lg;gLj;jy; kw;Wk; jz;bj;jYf;fhd tiuNtL ehL;fSf;fpilapy; jpl;lkpl;L

eilngWk; Fw;wq;fs; (Ml;flj;jy; tiuNtL) kPjhd If;fpa ehLfspd; rkthaj;jpw;F

MjhukhfTs;sJ. cUthf;fk; etk;gH 15> 2000 ngh.r jPHkhdk; 55/25 gpw;NrHf;if II, 55 GADR Supp.(No.49) at 60 I. eh. Mtzk; A/45/49 (vol.1) (2001) eilKiwf;F ,lg;gl;lJ. brk;gH

25>2003> 1995 ,d; Fw;wtpay; Nfhitr; rl;lj;jpw;fhd XH jpUj;jj;jpd; gpd cWg;Giu 3(a) ,yq;ifr; rl;lk; Ml;flj;jiy jil nra;fpd;wJ. Fw;wtpay; Nfhit ,y.2> 1883> gphpT 360(c) Fw;wtpay; Nfhit jpUj;jr; rl;lk; ,y.22> 1995.

47

rk;gtq;fs; Ml;flj;jypd; tiutpyf;fzq;fNshL xj;jpzq;Ffpd;wJ. Ml;NrHg;G

eltbf;iffspd; Nghjhd Vkhw;Wjy; my;yJ gyte;jg;gLj;jy;> flid

cUthf;Fk; caHe;j Ml;NrHg;Gf; fl;lzk;> Gyk;ngaHe;jtH kw;Wk; gzpahsh;

xUtuJ chpikfs; gw;wpa jtwhd jfty;fs; kw;Wk; njhopy; nra;Ak;

ehLfspy; rl;lg; ghJfhg;gpd;ik vd;gd Ml;flj;jy; mr;RWj;jy;

kw;Wk; ,t;twpf;ifapd; gpw;gFjpapy; Mtzg;gLj;jpaik Nghd;W Ntiyj;jy

J\;gpuNahfq;fSf;F ,g;Gyk;ngaH gzpg;ngz;fis ntspg;gLj;Jfpd;wJ.

rl;lG+Ht Ml;NrHg;G %ykhd Ml;flj;jy; rk;gtq;fspy; ngz; gzpahsHfs;

Gyk;ngaHtjw;Fj; jPHkhdpj;j gpd;dH KftHfs; mtHfSf;F gpioahd

jfty;fis toq;fyhk;> Vkhw;wyhk; my;yJ gyte;jg;gLj;jyhk;. mj;Jld;

Ml;flj;jg;gLk; ngz;fs; mtHfsJ gzpnra;Ak; ,lq;fSf;F mDg;gg;gl;lJk;

Ntiyj;jyq;fspy; ngUk; J\;gpuNahfq;fis mDgtpf;fpd;wdH.

cjhuzkhf ,yq;ifapy; Nghhpdhy; rpijtile;j tlf;Fg; gpuNjrj;jpypUe;jhd

xU jha;> taJ 24> V. gputPdh jdJ MW taJf; Foe;ij kw;Wk; FLk;gj;ij

tpl;L ePz;l fhykhfg; gphpe;jpUe;jhH. rT+jp mNugpahtpy; xU tPl;Lg;

gzpahsuhfg; gzpahw;wpa gpd;dH ,yq;iff;F jpUk;gpa mtH ,e;jpahtpYs;s

mtuJ FLk;gj;jhNuhL xd;WNru tpUk;gpdhH. Mdhy; mtH rT+jp mNugpahtpy;

kPz;Lk; gzpahw;Wtjw;F Vkhw;wg;gl;L mq;F xd;wiu tUlq;fs; fl;lha

Ntiy epiyikfspd; fPo; gzpahw;wpdhH. mtH tpghpf;ifapy;@ Nk khjk;

2004,y; ehd; ,yq;if jpUk;gpaNghJ vdf;F ,q;F xUtUk; ,Uf;ftpy;iy.

ehd; tpkhd epiyaj;jpy; xU ngz;kzpiar; re;jpj;Njd;. mtH vdf;F tprh

mDkjpiag; ngw;Wj; juKbAnkd thf;FWjp mspj;J> vdJ flTr;rPl;L>

gznkd midj;ijAk; vLj;J itj;Jf; nfhz;lhH..... ehd; rT+jp

mNugpahtpw;F jpUk;gTk; mDg;gp itf;fg;glg; NghfpNwd; vd vdf;Fj; njhpahJ.

mj;Jld; mjpy; vdf;F tpUg;gKkpy;iy. me;jg; ngz;kzp midj;J

Vw;ghLfisAk; nra;jhH. ehq;fs; tpkhd epiyaj;ij mile;jJk; vdJ

flTr;rPl;il mtH vd;dplk; jutpy;iy. tpkhd epiyaj;jpd; fUkgPlj;jpypUe;j

XH Mz; $wpdhH> “eP rT+jp mNugpahtpw;Fg; Nghfpd;wha;> ,e;jpahtpw;F my;y”. tpkhd epiyaf; fUkgPlj;ij mile;j gpd;dH xd;Wk; nra;a KbahJ – jpUk;gpr; nry;yTk; KbahJ. vdf;F tpkhd epiyaj;jpy; cjtf; $ba

cj;jpNahfj;jHfs; vtiuAk; njhpahJ. rT+jp mNugpahtpypUe;j vdJ

Ntiynfhs;Nthuhd v[khdpAk; vd;idj; jpUg;gp mDg;g kWj;J tpl;lhH....

vd;dhy; ntspNawNt Kbatpy;iy vd;gJld; ehd; Nfl;lnghOJ ,y;iynad

kWg;Gj; njhptpf;fg;gl;L vd;idg; G+l;b itj;jhHfs;.124

,d;DNkhH rk;gtj;jpy;> Fitj;jpy; vt;. E}H vDk; tPl;Lg; gzpg;ngz;zpd;

v[khd;> 20 NgH nfhz;l FLk;gj;jpw;fhd rikay; kw;Wk; mtuJ Ie;J khbf;

fl;blj;ijr; Rj;jk; nra;jy; vd;gjw;Fk; Nkyjpfkhf mtuJ NjePHr; rhiyapy;

thbf;ifahsHfSf;F NjePH kw;Wk; Nfhg;gp ghpkhWjYk;

124 V. gputPdhTldhd kdpj chpikfs; fz;fhzpg;gfj;jpd; NeHfhzy;. fl;Lehaf;f> ,yq;if>

etk;gH 1> 2006.

48

Ntz;Lnkd;whH.125 ,yq;ifapYs;s mtuJ KftH> mtuJ gzp xU tPl;Lg;

gzpg;ngz; vd;gNjad;wp rpw;Wz;br;rhiyg; ghpkhWgtH my;y vd;gij mtUf;F

cWjpg;gLj;jpdhH. mtH NkYk; $Wifapy;> “ehd; Kfthplk; NeubahfNt

tplaj;ijf; ifahz;Nld;. KftnuhUtH vd;id Fitj; tpkhd epiyaj;jpy;

re;jpj;jhH ........mtH vd;idg; gzpf;fhf mDg;gpa ,lk; Kd;dH vdf;Fg;

Gifg;glnkhd;wpy; ,Jjhd; ehd; gzp nra;atpUf;Fk; ,lnkdf;

fhl;ba ,lky;y.... mq;F nrd;w Ie;jhk; ehs; ehd; Kftiu mioj;J>

ehd; ,q;F gzpahw;w tpUk;gtpy;iy vd;W $wpNdd;. ehd; ,q;F tPl;Lg;

gzpg;ngz;zhf gzpahw;wNt te;Njd; vd;W $wpNdd;. KftH vd;id rpwpJ

fhyk; nghWj;Jf; nfhs;Sk;gb $wpdhH. ehd; ,e;j ,lj;ij tpl;Lj; jg;gpNahlj;

jPHkhdpj;Njd.126

njhopy; KftHfs; kw;Wk; Jiz KftHfsJ Ml;NrHg;G eltbf;iffisr;

rPuhf;fp> xOq;fikf;fj; jtWk; gl;rj;jpy; Gyk;ngaH gzpahsHfs;> fl;lha

Ntiyf;fhd Ml;flj;jy; epiyikfSf;F ,l;Lr; nry;yf;$ba Ruz;ly;

kw;Wk; J\;gpuNahf Ntiy epiyikfSf;fhshFk; ngUk; mghaj;jpYs;sdH.

Jy;ypakhd vz;zpf;ifiag; ngw;Wf; nfhs;tJ rhj;jpakhdjhf ,y;yhj xU

epiyapy; rHtNjr njhopy; ];jhgdk; cyfstpy; jw;NghJ Ml;flj;jypw;F

Mshd epiyapy; Fiwe;jJ 2.45 kpy;ypad; kf;fs; fl;lha Ntiyf;fhd

Ruz;ly; epiyfspy; gzpahw;WtjhfTk; ,J cyfk; KOtjpYkhd fl;lha

Ntiy nra;Nthhpd; 20 tPjj;ijg; gpujpepjpg;gLj;JtjhfTk; fzpg;gpl;Ls;sJ.127

Gwg;gLjYf;F Kd;djhd kUj;Jtg; ghpNrhjidAk;

tYf;fl;lha fHg;gj;jilAk;

Gyk;ngau tpUk;Gk; tPl;Lg; gzpg;ngz;fspy; mNefH mtHfsJ mwpTWj;jg;gl;l

rk;kjkpd;wp Gwg;gLjYf;F Kd;djhd kUj;Jtg;

ghpNrhjidfSf;Fs;shFtJld; mg;ghpNrhjidfspd; KbTfisg;

ngWtjw;fhd toptiffs; ,y;yhJKs;sdH. rpy ngz;fs;> kdpj chpikfs;

fz;fhzpg;gfj;Jf;F $Wifapy;> njhopy; KftHfs; jq;fs; Ntiy xg;ge;jf;

fhyk; tiuapy; fHg;gkiltijj; jLf;Fk; tifapy; ePz;lfhy

fHg;gj;jilfisg; gad;gLj;Jk;gb fl;lhag;gLj;jpajhff; $wpdhHfs;.

125 vt;. E}Uldhd kdpj chpikfs; fz;fhzpg;gfj;jpd; NeHfhzy;> mj;jdfy> ,yq;if>

etk;gH 8> 2006.

126 mNj Mjhu %yk;

127 rHtNjr njhopy; ];jhgdk;> cyfpd; fl;lha Ntiyapy; <Lgl;Ls;Nshhpd; Fiwe;jgl;r

njhiff; fzpg;G. (n[dPth:ILO 2005) http://www.ilo.org/dyn/declaris/ DECLARATIONWEB.DOWNLOAD _BLOB? Var_DocumentID=5073 (accessed june 8, 2007), pp.4, 33.

49

midj;Jg; Gyk;ngau tpUk;Gk; gzpahsHfSk; nfhOk;igj;128 jskhff;

nfhz;l jdpahH kUj;Jtr; rpfpr;ir epiyaq;fspy; fHg;gg; ghpNrhjid> vr;.I.tp

njhw;W kw;Wk; caH nfhy];Nuhy; kl;lq;fSf;fhd129 Nrhjidfs; cl;gl

gytifahd cly; MNuhf;fpaj;jpw;fhd fl;lha kUj;Jtg; ghpNrhjidfSf;F

cl;gly; Ntz;Lk;. mj;Jld; mtHfs; fhr Neha;f;F vf;]; fjpH glk;>

fz;ghHit> Ngr;R kw;Wk; Nfl;ly; Nghd;w ghpNrhjidfSf;Fk; cl;gly;

Ntz;Lk;.130 ntsptptfhu mikr;R mYtyf

mjpfhhpfspd;gb ,g;ghpNrhjidfs; gzpahsHfsJ “clypay; hPjpahd

MNuhf;fpaj;ij cWjp nra;tjw;fhditahFk;.”131 kUj;Jtg; ghpNrhjidfspy;

fHg;gk; jhpj;jpUg;gjhf my;yJ vr;.I.tp njhw;W ,Ug;gjhff; fz;lwpag;gl;lhy;

mg;ngz;fs; jFjpahdtHfsy;yH vd;W ,dk; fhzg;gl;L Gyk;ngaHtjw;F

mDkjpf;fg;gl khl;lhHfs;.132

Gyk;ngaHe;j ngz; tPl;Lg; gzpahsHfspy; kdpj chpikfs; fz;fhzpg;gfj;jhy;

NeH fhzg;gl;l mNefkhd ngz;fs; $Wifapy;> jhq;fs; vd;d kUj;Jtg;

ghpNrhjidfSf;F cl;gLj;jg;gl;ldH vd mwpaj; jug;gltpy;iy vd;gJld;

vtUk; ghpNrhjidfSf;f Kd; my;yJ gpd; MNyhridfs; vjidAk;

ngwtpy;iynadTk; njhptpj;jdH. mwpaj; jug;gl;l gpd;dhd rk;kjk; kw;Wk;

kUj;Jtg; ghpNrhjidj; jfty;fspd; ,ufrpaj;jd;ikiag; NgZjYk; kUj;Jt

ed;ndwpfspd; %yhjhukhFk;. ,Ug;gpDk; ,it vitANk ,yq;ifapy;

Gyk;ngaH gzpg;ngz;fisg; nghWj;jtifapy; kjpj;Jf;

filg;gpbf;fg;gLtjpy;iy. ehk; fye;Jiuahba gy ngz;fs; $Wifapy;>

jhq;fs; “VNjDk; Neha;fspUe;jhYk; vd;gjw;fhf kUj;Jtg; ghpNrhjidfSf;F

cl;gLj;jg;gl;ljhfTk;> MapDk; Fwpg;gpl;l Neha;j; njhw;W ,Ug;gjw;fhd ve;jj;

jftiyAk; ngwtpy;iynadf; $wpdhHfs;. cjhuzj;jpw;F> nygdhd; ehl;bw;F

Gyk;ngaHtjw;F Kd;djhd kUj;Jtg; ghpNrhjidf;F mz;ikapy; cl;gl;l

xU tPl;Lg; gzpahsH kdpj chpikfs; fz;fhzpg;gfj;jpw;Ff; $Wifapy;>

128 tisFlh $l;L xj;Jiog;Gr; rig(GCC) ehLfshy; mDkjpf;fg;gl;l> $l;lhf GCC mDkjp

ngw;w kUj;Jtr; rq;fk; vd miof;fg;gLk; 13 kUj;Jt epiyaq;fs; cs;sd (GAMCA) GCC ehLfspd; J}jufq;fs; GAMCA rpfpr;ir epiyaq;fspdhy; toq;fg;gLk; kUj;jtr; rhd;wpjo;fis

kl;LNk Vw;W mq;fPfhpf;Fk;. CARAM Mrpah> Gyk;ngaHNthH cly; MNuhf;fpa epiy 2007

(Nfhyhyk;G+H:CARAM Mrpah 2007)>

http://www.caramasia.org/reports/SoH2007/SoH_Report_2007-online_version.pdf (accessed September 6, 2007, p.90. 129 RNkjh Vf;fehaf;f> ntsptptfhu mikr;Rldhd kdpj chpikfs; fz;fhzpg;gfj;jpd;


130 mNj Mjhu %yk;.

131 mNj %yk;

132 mNj %yk;

50

“ehd; Vd; kUj;Jtg; ghpNrhjidf;F cl;gLj;jg;gLfpNwd; vd vdf;Fj;

njhptpf;fg;gl tpy;iy>“ vd;whH.133 ,yq;ifapy; Gyk;ngaHgtHfspd; XH

MNyhrfH kdpj chpikfs; fz;fhzpg;gfj;jpw;Ff; $Wifapy;>

“gzpahsHfsplkpUe;J ,uj;jj;jpd; khjphp Vd; ngwg;gLfpwJ vd;gij gy

re;jHg;gq;fspy; mtHfs; $Wtjpy;iy”> vd;whH.134

,e;j mwpf;iff;fhf NeHfhzg;gl;l Gyk;ngaHe;j tPl;Lg;gzpahsHfspy;

mNefkhNdhH ,e;j kUj;Jtg; ghpNrhjidfspd; KbTfisg; ngwtpy;iy

khwhf ,e;j kUj;Jtg; ghpNrhjidfspd; KbTfs; ,e;j kUj;Jt rpfpr;ir

epiyaq;fshy; Neubahf mtHfsJ njhopy; KftHfs; kw;Wk;/my;yJ

Ntiynfhs;Nthhpw;Fj; njhpag;gLj;jg; gl;bUf;fyhk; vd mth;fs; ek;Gfpd;wdH.

xU ngz;> kdpj chpik fz;fhzpg;gfj;jplk; $Wifapy;> “kUj;Jtg; ghpNrhjidfspd; KbTfs; Ntiynfhs;Nthhplk; nfhLf;fg;gl;ld. mjd;

KbTfs; gw;wp mtHfs; vdf;F vJTk; njhptpf;ftpy;iy”> vd;whH.135 ,d;DNkhH

gzpg;ngz; $Wifapy;> “mtHfs; vdJ ,uj;jk;> rpWePH vd;gtw;iwg;

ghpNrhjpj;jJld; vf;]; fjpH glKk; vLj;jdH. mtHfs; vq;fsplk; me;jg;

ghpNrhjidfspd; KbTfisj; jutpy;iy@ mtHfs; mjid Kfthplk;

nfhLj;jhHfs;”> vd;W $wpdhH.136 ,yq;ifapd; murrhHgw;w ];jhgdkhd

Gyk;ngaH gzpahsHfSf;fhd nraw;ghl;L tiyaikg;gpd; (ACTFORM)

gzpg;ghsH> kdpj chpikfs; fz;fhzpg;gfj;jpw;Ff; $Wifapy;>

Nehahspapd; ,ufrpaj;jd;ik rhjhuzkhf kPwg;gLfpwJ vd;whH.137 ntsptptfhu

mikr;rpd; xU mjpfhhp> Gyk;ngaH gzpahsHfspd; kUj;Jtg; ghpNrhjid

KbTfspd; ,ufrpaj;jd;ikiag; ghJfhg;gjw;fhd nra;Kiwfs;

vJTk; ,y;iynad;gij cWjpg;gLj;jpdhH. “itj;jpaH Kfthpw;Fg;

ghpNrhjid nra;ag;gl;l ngz; vr;.I.tp njhw;Ws;stuh ,y;iyah vd;gijj;

njhptpg;ghH.... ghpNrhjid KbTfs; Kfthpf;F mDg;gp itf;fg;gLk;. KbTfspd;

gpujp mtrpakhfj; Njitg;gLkhapd; mJ mtUf;F toq;fg;gLk;. nghJthf

mtHfs; Neha;j; njhw;Wf;fs; VJkw;wtH vd;W mwpaj; jug;gLtH.”138 NkNy tpghpf;fg;gl;lJ Nghd;W kUj;Jtg; ghpNrhjid KbTfis

133 lgps;A+. Rre;jpfhTldhd kdpj chpikfs; fz;fhzpg;gfj;jpd; NeHfhzy;>


134 tNahy ngNuuhTldhd kdpj chpikfs; fz;fhzpg;gfj;jpd; NeHfhzy;> ACTFORM,


135 lgps;A+. NrhkhTldhd kdpj chpikfs; fz;fhzpg;gfj;jpd; NeHfhzy;>


136 v];. kNdhuQ;rdpAldhd kdpj chpikfs; fz;fhzpg;gfj;jpd; NeHfhzy;>


137 taNyh ngNuuhTldhd kdpj chpikfs; fz;fhzpg;gfj;jpd; NeHfhzy;> ACTFORM


138 RNkjh Vf;fehaf;fTldhd kdpj chpikfs; fz;fhzpg;gfj;jpd; NeHfhzy;> ntsptptfhu

mikr;R> nfhOk;G> ,yq;if> etk;gH 16> 2006.

51

njhptpg;gJ> rHtNjrr; rl;lk; kw;Wk; ,yq;ifapd; kUj;Jt njhopy;

jHkj;jpw;fhd topfhl;bfspd; fPo; Nehahspapd; ghpNrhjid

KbTfSf;fhd ,ufrpaj;jd;ikiag; NgZk; chpikia kPWfpd;wJ.139

tPl;Lg; ngz; gzpahsHfs; CrpkUe;J %yk; nrYj;jg;glf;$ba fHg;gj;jil

Kiwfis mtHfsJ mwpTWj;jg;gl;l rk;kjkpd;wpAk; NtW rpy re;jHg;gq;fspy;

njhptpf;fg;gl;l mtHfsJ tpUg;gj;jpw;F vjpuhfTk; nfhLf;fg;gl;bUg;gjw;fhd

rk;gtq;fis kdpj chpikfs; fz;fhzpg;gfk; Mtzg;gLj;jpAs;sJ.

Njitaw;w kUj;Jtr; rpfpr;irfis kWg;gjw;F vy;yhj; jdpg;gl;ltHfSf;Fkhd

chpikia clypay; RNar;rj;jd;ik kw;Wk; KOikf;Fkhd chpik

cj;juthjg;gLj;JfpwJ.140 rpy re;jHg;gq;fspy; rpfpr;ir epiyaj;jpy;

gzpahw;WgtHfs;> ,e;j CrpkUe;J fUj;jhpg;gij jtpHg;gjw;fhdJ vdg;

Gyk;ngaUk; tPl;Lg; gzpg;ngz;fsplk; $WfpwhHfs;> kw;iwa re;jHg;gq;fspy;

CrpkUe;ijr; nrYj;Jk; tiuapy; ,g;ngz;fSf;F vjidAk; njhptpg;gjpy;iy.

xU tPl;Lg; gzpg;ngz; kUj;Jtr; Nrhjidapy; ele;jijf; $Wifapy;>

“mtHfs; vd;id xU CrpkUe;ij Vw;wpf; nfhs;Sk;gb

Nfl;lhHfs;> Mdhy; ehd; kWj;Njd;. me;j kUj;Jt rpfpr;ir

epiyaj;jpYs;s itj;jpaH> ,e;j CrpkUe;J jtWjyhf VNjDk;

eilngw;whYk; fHg;gk; jhpg;gijj; jil nra;Ak; vd;gjhy; mjid

139 xUtuJ jdpg;gl;l ,ufrpaj;jd;ikf;fhd chpikf;F ,j;jifa kPwy;fs; KuzhditahFk;.

Fbapay; kw;Wk; murpay; chpikfs; kPjhd rHtNjr rkthak; (ICCPR) brk;gH 16> 1966 ,y; Njhw;Wtpf;fg;gl;lJ. nghJr;rig jPHkhdk; 2200A(XXI), 21, I.eh GAOR Supp.(,y.16) 52> I.eh Mtzk;> A/6316(1966), 999 U.N.T.S 171, 1976 khHr; 23 eilKiwg;gLj;jg;gl;lJ> cWg;Giu 17>

ICCPR ,d; ,e;j Vw;ghl;il mHj;jg;gLj;Jifapy;> If;fpa ehLfspd; kdpj chpikfs;

Mizf;FO “xU eghpd; jdpg;gl;l tho;f;if njhlHghd jfty;fs; rl;lj;jpdhy;

mjpfhukspf;fg;glhj egHfspd; iffisr; nrd;wilahkypUg;gijAk; mJ Nkw;nfhz;L

gad;gLj;jg;glhkypUg;gijAk; muRfs; cWjp nra;tjw;F gaDWjpkpf;f eltbf;iffis

Nkw;nfhs;s Ntz;Lnkd Fwpg;gpl;Lr; nrhy;fpwJ. I.eh kdpj chpikfs; Mizf;FO> nghJf;

Fwpg;G 16> jdpg;gl;l jd;ik> FLk;gk; kw;Wk; njhlHG kw;Wk; nfsutj;jpd; ghJfhg;G kw;Wk;

khpahij vd;gd kjpf;fg;gLtjw;fhd chpik. (cWg;Giu 17)> (23tJ mkHT> 1988)> kdpj

chpik xg;ge;j mikg;Gf;fshy; Vw;gLj;jg;gl;l nghJf; Fwpg;gf;fs; kw;Wk; nghJthd

ghpe;Jiufspd; njhFg;G> I.eh Mtzk; HRI/GEN/1/Rev.6(2003), p.142, para 10; ,yq;if

kUj;Jt rigapd; ed;ndwpr; rig> ,yq;if kUj;Jtr; rigAld; gjpT nra;j kUj;Jt kw;Wk;

gy; kUj;JtHfspw;fhd ed;ndwp jHkj;jpd; kPjhd topfhl;b (nfhOk;G:,yq;if kUj;Jtr; rig>

2003) g.43 (“,ufrpaj;jd;ik vd;gJ itj;jpaH kw;Wk; Nehahspf;Fkpilapyhd xg;ge;jj;jpy;

mHj;jg;gLj;jg;gl;Ls;snjdTk;> mjpfhukspf;fg;glhj VNjDk; ntspg;gLj;jy;fs; xg;ge;jj;ij

kPwpajhf fUjg;gLtJld;> itj;jpaUf;nfjpuhf rptpy; eltbf;iffSf;Fk; ,lkspf;fpd;wd”). 140 ICCPR, cWg;Giu 9(1)@ nuNgf;fh Ff;> vk;. NgHdhHl;> bf;nfd;]; kw;Wk; k ;̀nkhl; vt;.

gj;jhyh ,dtpUj;jpr; Rfhjhuk; kw;Wk; kdpj chpikfs;: kUj;Jtk;> ed;ndwp kw;Wk; rl;lj;ij

KOikahf;fy; xf;];NghHl;:fpsnud;ld; gjpg;gfk;> 2003) g.109> 164-170: nghUshjhu> r%f

kw;Wk; fyhr;rhu chpikfs; kPjhd I.eh Mizf;FO> “nghUshjhu> r%f kw;Wk; fyhr;rhu

chpikfs; kPjhd rHtNjr rkthaq;fis mKy;gLj;Jtjpy; Njhd;Wk; fhj;jpukhd tplaq;fs;>

“nghJf; Fwpg;G 14> cly; MNuhf;fpaj;jpd; milaf;$ba cr;rjuj;jpyhd chpik (cWg;Giu 12)

(22tJ mkHT> 2000)> kdpj chpik xg;ge;j mikg;Gfspdhy; Vw;gLj;jg;gl;l nghJf; Fwpg;Gf;fs;

kw;Wk; nghJg; ghpe;Jiufspd; njhFg;G> I.eh Mtzk;:HRI/GEN/1/Rev.6(2003), p.85, para

37 (jq;fsJ MNuhf;fpak; njhlHghf mwpaj;jug;gl;l njhpTfis Nkw;nfhs;tjpy; kf;fspw;F

cjTtjpyhd mur flg;ghLfisf; Fwpf;fpwJ).

52

ehd; Vw;wpf; nfhs;s Ntz;Lnkd;W $wpdhH. ehd; mjw;Fk;

kWg;Gj; njhptpj;j nghOJ mtH Kftiu mioj;jhH..... KftH

vd;dplk; ehd; CrpkUe;ij Vw;wpf; nfhs;shj fhuzj;jhy; Ntiy

nfhs;Sk; ,lj;jpy; vdJ rk;kjkpd;wp clYwT VNjDk;

Vw;gl;lhy; mjw;fhd nghWg;Gf;fis jhq;fs; Vw;fkhl;Nlhk; vd;W

$wpdhH.”141

Gyk;ngaHNthH MNuhf;fpak; njhlHghd tplaq;fs; kPJ gzpahw;Wk; xU

gpuhe;jpa tiyaikg;ghd fuhk; Mrpah (CARAM Asia) ,yq;ifapd;

Gyk;ngaUk; ngz; njhopyhsHfspy; ngUk; vz;zpf;ifapyhNdhUf;F

Gwg;gLjYf;F Kd;djhd fl;lha kUj;Jtg; ghpNrhjidfspd;NghJ

nkl;Nuhxf;rpGNuhn[];uNuhd; vDk; fHg;gj;jil kUe;J nfhLf;fg;gl;lij

cWjpg;gLj;Jfpd;wJ.142

kdpj chpikfs; fz;fhzpg;gfj;jpw;Ff; $Wifapy; gy ngz;fs;> jk;ik

njhopy; KftH my;yJ Jiz KftH fHg;gf; fl;Lg;ghl;L CrpkUe;ij

vLf;Fk;gb fl;lhag;gLj;jpajhfj; njhptpj;jhHfs;. rpy re;jHg;gq;fspy;> tPl;Lg;

gzpg;ngz;fs; fHg;gj;jil CrpkUe;Jf;F kWg;G njhptpg;ghHfshapd; xg;ge;j

fhyj;jpy; mtHfs; Ntiynfhs;Nthuhy; ty;YwTf;F cs;shf;fg;gl;L

fHg;gKWthHfshapd;; KftHfs; mtHfSf;F vt;tifapYk; cjt khl;lhHfs;

vd njhptpf;fg;gl;lJ. cjhuzkhf <. gukpj;jh $Wifapy;> “vdf;F Ntnwe;j njhpTfSk; ,y;iy. CrpkUe;ij kWj;J Gyk;ngaHe;J nrd;W mq;F ehd;

fHg;gKw;why; jpUk;gp tUtjw;fhd topia ehNd ghHj;Jf; nfhs;s

Ntz;LnkdTk; KftH mjw;fhd nghWg;Gf;fis Vw;Wf; nfhs;s khl;lhnudTk;

$wg;gl;lJ. Mdhy; CrpkUe;ij vLj;Jg; gpd;dH ehd; fHg;gKw;why;

mjw;fhd eltbf;iffSf;F KftH nghWg;Ngw;ghH vdTk;

$wg;gl;lH.”143 ,d;DnkhU tPl;Lg;gzpahsH tpghpf;ifapy;>

gpujhd KftH jdpahH itj;jpaH xUthplk; nrd;W

jLg;G+rpkUe;ij Vw;wpf; nfhs;Sk;gb mwpTWj;jpdhH. mtHfs;

vd;idf; fl;lhag;gLj;jtpy;iy. Mdhy; kWGwj;Nj vdf;F NtW

141 MH. rj;jpAldhd kdpj chpikfs; fz;fhzpg;gfj;jpd; NeHfhzy;> ghze;Jiw> ,yq;if>

etk;gH 15> 2006

142 fuhk; Mrpah> Gyk;ngaHNthH MNuhf;fpa epiy 2005 (Nfhyhyk;G+H:fuhk; Mrpah 2006)

http://wwwlcaramasia.org/reports/SoH2005/SoH_2005_Chapter3.pdf (accessed june 7, 2007),p. 106; CARAM Asia, State of Health migrants 2007(Kuala Lumpur: 2007), http://www.caramasia.org/reports/SoH_Report_2007-online_version.pdf (accessed September 6, 2007), pp.90-91 nkl;Nuhxf;rpGNuhn[];bNuhd; CrpkUe;jhf ghtpf;fg;gLtJ rhjhuzkhf

bg;NghGNuhntuh vDk; FwpaPl;Lg; ngahpy; tpepNahfpf;fg;gLk;.fHg;gKWtij jtpHg;gjw;Fg;

gad;gLj;jg;gLfpwJ.

143 <. gukpj;jhTldhd kdpj chpikfs; fz;fhzpg;gfj;jpd; NeHfhzy;> uk;Ng> ,yq;if>etk;gH

5>2006

53

njhpTfs; ,Uf;ftpy;iy. ehd; Ntiy nra;atpUf;Fk; tPl;by;

Ntiy nfhs;NthH rpy rkaq;fspy; vdf;F rpy

njhe;juTfisj;juf;$Lk;> vdNt Fwpg;gpl;l jLg;G+rpia ehd;

vLj;Jf; nfhz;lhy; mJ ehd; fHg;gkiltij jLf;Fk; vd;W

gpujhd KftH $wpdhH. njhe;juTfs; vd;W mtH $wpaJ

Mz;fspdhyhd ghypay; njhe;juTfisahFk;.144

fl;lha kUj;Jtg; ghpNrhjidfspd;NghJ145 Gyk;ngaUk; gzpg;ngz;fSf;F

fHg;gj;jil CrpkUe;Jfs; toq;fg;gLtjw;fhd “rhj;jpaj; jd;ikfs;” ,Ug;gij ,yq;if ntspehl;L Ntiytha;g;Gg; gzpafk;

mwpe;jpUg;gij mjd; xU mjpfhhp cWjpg;gLj;jpdhH. ,Ug;gpDk; ,J

murhq;fj;jpd; xU nfhs;ifay;y146 vdTk; mtH njhptpj;jhH. fHg;gj;jil

kUe;Jfs; toq;fg;gLtJ njhlHghf Gyk;ngaH tPl;Lg; gzpg;ngz;fspd;

ve;jnthU Kiwg;ghl;ilAk; jhd; ngwtpy;iynad ,yq;if ntspehl;L

Ntiytha;g;Gg; gzpafk; njhptpf;fpd;wJ.147 MapDk; rpy tPl;Lg; gzpahsHfs;

njhptpf;ifapy;> Crp %yk; nrYj;jf;$ba fHg;gj;jil kUe;JfSf;F kWg;Gj;

njhptpg;gjw;fhd chpik jq;fSf;F ,Ug;gijj; njhpahj fhuzj;jhYk; kw;Wk;

jq;fSf;F vd;d kUe;J toq;fg;gl;lJ vd;gijj; njhpahjjhYk; ,it gw;wp

vq;fshy; Kiwg;ghL vJTk; nra;a Kbatpy;iy vd;wdH.

144 gp. vuhe;jpAldhd kdpj chpikfs; fz;fhzpg;gfj;jpd; NeHfhzy;> uk;Ng> ,yq;if> etk;gH

5> 2006.

145 vy;.Nf. U_DNf> ,yq;if ntspehl;L Ntiytha;g;Gg; gzpafj;Jldhd kdpj chpikfs

fz;fhzpg;gfj;jpd; NeHfhzy;> ,yq;if> etk;gH 5> 2006.

146 RNkjh Vf;fehaf;f> ntspehl;L tptfhu mikr;Rldhd kdpj chpikfs; fz;fhzpg;gfj;jpd;

NeHfhzy;> ,yq;if> etk;gH 16> 2006.

147 mNj Mjhu %yk;.

54

IV. rT+jp mNugpah> Fitj;> nygdhd; kw;Wk; If;fpa

muGfs; ,uhr;rpaj;jpy; J\;gpuNahfq;fs;

ehq;fs; midtUk; ,yq;iff;F jpUk;gpr; nry;y tpUk;GfpNwhk;>

ehq;fs; ,q;F ngUk; vjpHghHg;Gld; te;Njhk;. tplaq;fs; ,g;gb

elf;Fnkd ehk; xUNghJk;; epidf;ftpy;iy.148

—gp. ,e;jpuhzp> taJ 32 rT+jp mNugpahtpy; wpahj;

efhpYs;s ,yq;ifj; J}jufj;jpd; jq;Fkplj;jpy; cs;stH.

rT+jp mNugpah> Fitj;> nygdhd; kw;Wk; If;fpa

muGfs; ,uhr;rpaj;jpd; ,yq;ifapd; tPl;Lg; gzpg;ngz;fs; gy;NtW tpjkhd

J\;gpuNahfq;fs; kw;Wk; Ruz;ly;fSf;F Kfk; nfhLf;fpd;wdH. mtHfs;>

Ntjdf; nfhLg;gdtpd;ik my;yJ Fiwthd Ntjdk;@ Ntjdr; Ruz;ly;@

Ntiyj;jyq;fspy; gyte;jkhfj; jLj;J itf;fg;gly;@ msTf;fjpfkhd ePz;l

Ntiy Neuq;fs;@ kw;Wk; Xa;Tehs; ,y;yhik Nghd;w Ntiyj; jyj;jpy; gue;J

NghAs;s J\;gpuNahfq;fSf;F Kfk; nfhLf;fpd;wdH. ,yq;if tPl;Lg;

gzpg;ngz;fs; cly; hPjpahd> cs hPjpahd kw;Wk; ghypay; J\;gpuNahfk;@

czT toq;fg;glhik kw;Wk; Nghjpa trjpay;yhj tho;f;if epiyikfs;@

mtHfsJ milahs Mtzq;fisg; gwpKjy; nra;J itj;jy;@ kl;Lg;gLj;jpa

njhlHghly; trjpfs;@ mtHfs; tpUk;gpaNghJ jkJ jha;ehl;bw;F jpUk;gpr;

nry;tij kl;Lg;gLj;jy; kw;Wk; Ntiynfhs;Sk; ehl;bYs;s njhopy;

KftHfspd; Ruz;ly;fSf;Fk; MshFjy; Nghd;w Jd;gq;fisAk;

mDgtpf;fpd;wdH. gy re;jHg;gq;fspy; ,j;J\;gpuNahfq;fs; rHtNjr rl;lq;fis

kPWk; fl;lha Ntiyf;nfhg;ghdjhfpd;wJ.

ntspehl;ltUf;F Fwpg;ghf Mrpah kw;Wk; Mgphpf;f ehl;ltHfSf;F

vjpuhd ,dg; ghugl;rq;fs;@ ePjpj; Jiwapy; ghy;epiyg; ghFghL kw;Wk;

ghy;epiy mrkj;Jtk;@ kw;Wk; kjr; rpWghd;ikNahhpd; kj Rje;jpuq;fs; kPjhd

fl;Lg;ghLfSl;gl ,yq;if tPl;Lg; gzpahsHfSk; mtHfsJ Ntiynfhs;Sk;

ehl;by; gue;jstpyhd J\;gpuNahfq;fSf;F Kfk; nfhLf;fpd;wdH.

cjhuzj;jpw;F ,yq;ifapypUe;jhd ,e;J> ngsj;j kw;Wk; fj;Njhypf;f tPl;Lg;

gzpahsHfs; mtHfsJ kjq;fisg; gpd;gw;Wtjpy; fl;Lg;ghLfis

mDgtpg;gjhf njhptpj;jdH. xU ,e;Jthd tPl;Lg;gzpahsH v];. fpU\;zd;

kdpj

148 gp. ,e;jpuhzpAldhd kdpj chpikfs; fz;fhzpg;gfj;jpd; NeHfhzy;> wpahj;> rT+jp Nugpah>

brk;gH 15> 2006.

55

chpikf; fz;fhzpg;gfj;jpw;Ff; $Wifapy; “ vdJ Ntiynfhs;NthHfs; vdJ

kjj;jpid ehd; gpd;gw;Wtjid mDkjpf;f khl;lhHfs;... ehd; gzp nra;j rT+jp

mNugpah. Fitj; my;yJ nygdhd; Mfpa ve;jtplj;jpYk; vdJ kjj;ijg;

gpd;gw;Wtjw;F Rje;jpukpUf;ftpy;iy. vdJ ngaH fpU\;zd;> nygdhdpy; vdJ

Ntiy nfhs;NthH vdJ ngaiu mwpe;J nfhz;lJk; ehd; me;j tPl;by; vdJ

kjj;ij gpd;gw;w Kbahnjdf; $wpdH. ehd; vdJ ehl;bw;Fj; jpUk;gpaJk; vdJ

kjj;ijg; gpd;gw;wyhnkd;Wk; $wpdH.”149

kdpj chpikfs; fz;fhzpg;gfk; NeHfhzy; nra;j ngz;fspy; rpyH

ntspehl;by; Ntiy Ghptjpy; rhjfkhd mDgtq;fisf; nfhz;Ls;stHfshf

fhzg;gLtjidAk; ftdj;jpy; nfhs;sy; Ntz;Lk;. rpy Ntiynfhs;NthHfs;

gzpahsHfspd; xg;ge;j fhyk; KbtilAk; nghOJ kpif Cjpak;> jq;f

Mguzg; ghpRg; nghUl;fs; my;yJ tPl;Lg; ghtidf;fhd kpd;rhu cgfuzq;fs;

vd;gtw;iwAk; ghprhf toq;fpAs;sdH. rpy K];ypk; tPl;Lg; gzpahsHfs;

jq;fsJ Ntiynfhs;NthUld; NrHe;J nkf;fhtpw;Fg; Gdpj ahj;jpiu nry;Yk;

re;jHg;gj;ijAk; nfhz;bUe;jhHfs;. kdpj chpikfs; fz;fhzpg;gfj;jpw;F xU

ngz; jdJ mDgtq;fisg; gw;wpf; $Wifapy;> “ ehd; gzpahw;wpa me;j muG

Ntiynfhs;Nthiu ,iwtd; MrPHtjpf;fl;Lk;. mtHfs; vd;id xU

gzpg;ngz;zhf elj;jtpy;iy@ khwhf vd;id mtHfnshU NjhopahfNt

fUjpdH..... ehd; me;j ,lj;ij kpfTk; tpUk;GfpNwd;> mNjNghd;W mtHfSk;

vd;idAk; vdJ gzpfisAk; tpUk;GfpwhHfs;>“ vd;whH.150 vt;thwhapDk;> ,JnthU tpjpKiway;y> ,e;j mwpf;iff;fhf NeHfhzg;gl;l

kpfg; ngUkstpyhd tPl;Lg; gzpg;ngz;fs; rT+jp mNugpah> Fitj;> nygdhd;

kw;Wk; If;fpa muGfs; ,uhr;rpaj;jpy; gytifahd Ntiyj;jy

J\;gpuNahfq;fis mDgtpj;Js;sdH.

Ntjdf; nfhLg;gdtpd;ik kw;Wk; Fiwe;j Ntjdk;

ehd; vdJ Ntjdk; gw;wpf; Nfl;Fk; nghOnjy;yhk; mbj;Jj;

Jd;GWj;jg;gl;Nld;. xUtopahf vdJ Kjy; %d;W khj

Ntjdq;fisAk; ngw;Wf; nfhz;Nld;. vdJ je;ijahH

RftPdKw;wpUg;gjhf vdf;nfhU njhiyNgrp miog;G te;jNghJ>

ehd; vdJ Ntjdj;ijf; Nfl;lnghOJ vd;id cd;id

thq;fpapUf;fpNwhk;> eP mjw;fhf ciof;f Ntz;Lnkdf;

$wpdH.”151

149 v];. fpU\;zDldhd kdpj chpikfs; fz;fhzpg;gfj;jpd; NeHfhzy;>

k];nfypah> ,yq;if> etk;gH 13> 2006.

150 v];. fjpnuhspAldhd kdpj chpikfs; fz;fhzpg;gfj;jpd; NeHfhzy;>

`guhJt> ,yq;if> etk;gH 14> 2006.

151 gp. yjhTldhd kdpj chpikfs; fz;fhzpg;gfj;jpd; NeHfhzy;> wpahj;> rT+jp mNugpah>

brk;gH 15> 2006.

56

—,J ,uz;L gps;isfspd; jhahd 32 tajhd gp. Yjh

$wpait. ,tuJ Ntiynfhs;NthH Ie;J khjq;fspw;fhd

Ntjdq;fis toq;ftpy;iy. ehk; mtiu

NeHfz;lNghJ ,yq;iff;F jpUk;gpr; nry;tjw;fhd tpkhdg;

azr;rPl;il thq;Ftjw;F gzkpy;yhjjpdhy; rT+jp

mNugpahtpypUe;J jpUk;gpr; nry;tjw;F KbahJs;shH.

,e;j mwpf;iff;fhf NeHfhzg;gl;l tPl;Lg;ngz; gzpahsHfSs; 20 tPjkhNdhH

jq;fsJ Ntjdj;ij KOikahfg; ngwtpy;iy. ,t;tpjk; nfhLg;gdT

nra;ag;glhj fhyk; xU rpy khjq;fspypUe;J ehd;F tUlq;fs;

tiuapyhdjhff; fhzg;gLfpd;wJ. ,d;Dk; gyUf;F mtHfsJ njhopy;

xg;ge;jj;jpy; Fwpg;gpl;l njhif my;yJ mtHfsJ cs;@H njhopy; KftHfshy;

thf;FWjpaspf;fg;gl;l njhifia tpl Fiwthd njhifNa Ntjdkhff;

nfhLf;fg;gLfpd;wJ. Ntjdf; nfhLg;gdtpd;ik vd;gJ ,yq;if tPl;Lg;

gzpahsHfshy; mjpfstpy; Nkw;nfhs;sg;gLk; Kiwg;ghLfspy; xd;whff;

fhzg;gLfpd;wJ. ,yq;if ntspehl;L Ntiytha;g;Gg; gzpafk; gjpT nra;j

Gyk; ngaHe;j ngz; gzpahsHfspd; Kiwg;ghLfspy; RkhH 20

rjtPjkhdit ,zq;fpf; nfhz;l Ntjdq;fis toq;fhik

njhlHghditahFk;.152 xt;nthU tUlKk; RkhH 100 tPl;Lg; gzpahsHfSf;F

rl;l cjtpfis toq;Fk; murhq;fj;jhy; epjp toq;fg;gLk; xU rl;ltikg;ghd

rl;l cjtp kd;wk; Ntjdf; nfhLg;gdtpd;ikNa mtHfshy; mjpfk; ngw;Wf;

nfhs;sg;gLk; nghJthd Kiwg;ghnldj; njhptpf;fpd;wJ.153

kdpj chpikfs; fz;fhzpg;gfk; fye;Jiuahba mNefkhd tPl;Lg;

gzpahsHfs; jq;fsJ khjhe;j Ntjdkhf cld;gl;l Ntjdj;ijtpl 17 kw;Wk;

107 mnkhpf;f nlhyHfs; tiu Fiwthd njhifiaNa Ntjdkhfg;

ngWfpwhHfs;. ,J xg;ge;jj;jpy;

Fwpg;gpl;l njhifiatpl 50 tPjkhdtiu Fiwthd NtjdkhFk;.

nygdhdpYs;s tPl;Lg; gzpahsHfs; njhptpf;ifapy; mtHfspd; Fwpf;fg;gl;l

Ntjdkhd 125-150 mnkhpf;f nlhyHfSf;Fg; gjpyhf khjnkhd;Wf;F 100

mnkhpf;f nlhyHfNs toq;Ftjhff; $wpdhHfs;. rT+jp mNugpahtpy;

gzpahsHfs; 450 - 800 wpahy;fs;

(120-213 mnkhpf;f nlhyHfs;) khjnkhd;Wf;F toq;fg;gLnkd;W thf;FWjp

mspf;fg;gl;l NghjpYk; 300-400 wpahy;fs; tiuNa (80-107 mnkhpf;f nlhyHfs;)

toq;fg;gLfpd;wd: Fitj; ehl;by; khjnkhd;Wf;F 40-45 bdhHfs; (142-160

152 ,yq;if ntspehl;L Ntiytha;g;Gg; gzpafj;jpd; ntspehl;L Ntiytha;g;G tUlhe;j

Gs;sptpgu mwpf;if – 2005> g.69. 153 byhe;jFkhhpAldhd (rl;l cjtp kd;wk;) kdpj chpikfs; fz;fhzpg;gfj;jpd; NeHfhzy;.


57

mnkhpf;f nlhyHfs;) toq;fg;gLnkd thf;FWjpaspf;fg;gl;lhYk; mtHfSf;F

35 bdhHfs; kl;LNk (124 mnkhpf;f nlhyHfs;) toq;fg;gLfpwJ: kw;Wk; If;fpa

muGfs; ,uhr;rpaj;jpy; gzpahsHfSf;F 500-750 buhk;fs; tiu (136-204

mnkhpf;f nlhyHfs;) khjhe;jk; toq;fg;gLnkd njhptpf;fg;gl;lhYk;

mtHfSf;F 400-450 buhk;fNs (109-123 mnkhpf;f nlhyHfs;) toq;fg;gLfpwJ.

xU gps;isapd; jhahd v];. Nrghypf;fh rt+jp mNugpahtpy; jdJ

mDgtq;fis tpghpf;ifapy;:

mq;F Ntiyfs; mjpfk;. ehd; vdJ Ntjdj;ijf; Nfl;l nghOJ

mtHfs; gzj;jpid gpd;dH mDg;g KbAnkd;W $wpdhHfs;...

Ntjdj;ijf; Nfl;Fk;NghJ ghgh154 “cdf;F ehisf;Fj;

jUfpNwd;” my;yJ “tpiutpNy cdf;Fj; jUfpNwd;” vd;W $WthH... ehd; ghghtplk;> “ePq;fs; vdf;F rk;gsKk;

jUtjpy;iy> Ntiyg;gSTk; mjpfk;” vd;W $wpa nghOJ ghgh

vd;idj; jhf;fpdhH. mtH jd; iffshy; vdJ

jhilapy; ,bj;jhH. ehd; ehs; KOtJk; rhg;gpltpy;iy> kWehs;

mtHfs; kPz;Lk; vd;id Nehf;fp rj;jkplj; njhlq;fpdH. vdJ

rk;gsj;ijf; nfhLf;FkhW Ntz;b XH vjpHg;G ltbf;ifahf (xU

cz;zhtpujg; Nghuhl;lkhf) ,uz;L jpdq;fs; czT

cl;nfhs;shky; ,Ue;Njd;... mtHfs; vdf;Fr; rk;;gsk;

jutpy;iy. mtHfs; xU rjk;$l vdf;Fj; jutpy;iy.

– 10 khjq;fshf mtHfs; vdf;F rk;gsk; juNtapy;iy.155

gj;J khjq;fs; ve;jtpj NtjdKkpd;wp gzpahw;wpa gpd;dH Nrghypf;fh jdJ

Ntiynfhs;NthhplkpUe;J jg;gpNahbdhH. kdpj chpikfs; fz;fhzpg;gfk;

mtiu NeH fz;lNghJ mtUf;Fr; NruNtz;ba Ntjdj; njhifahd 1600

mnkhpf;f nlhyHfspy;

vjidAk; mtH kPsg; ngw;wpUf;ftpy;iy. kw;WNkhH tPl;Lg; gzpahsH nygdhd;

ehl;by; jdJ mDgtk; njhlHghff; $Wifapy;> “ehd; me;j tPl;Lf;fhug;

ngz;kzpAld; NgrpanghOJ> khjnkhd;Wf;F 150 mnkhpf;f nlhyHfis

toq;Ftjhff; $wg;gl;l xg;ge;jj;jpNyNa ehd; ifnaOj;jpl;Ls;Nsd;> Mdhy;

ePq;fs; vdf;F 100 mnkhpf;f nlhyHfisNa jUfpwPHfs;> Vd; vdf; Nfl;Nld;.

mjw;F mtH vdJ Ntjdk; 150 mnkhpf;f nlhyHfs; vd

xg;ge;jj;jpy; ,Ue;jhYk; cdf;Fj; njhopypy; Kd; mDgtkpy;iy.

154 ,yq;if tPl;Lg; gzpg;ngz;fs; mNefk; jq;fsJ Ntiynfhs;Sk; v[khdHfis “ghgh”

vd;Wk; v[khdpfis “kkh” my;yJ “klk;” vd;Wk; miog;gH.

155 v];. Nrghypf;fhTldhd kdpj chpikfs; fz;fhzpg;gfj;jpd; NeHfhzy;>

fl;Lehaf;f> ,yq;if. etk;gH 9> 2006.

58

mDgtkpy;yhj gzpg;ngz;fSf;F 100 mnkhpf;f nlhyHfSk;> mDgtk;

nfhz;ltHfSf;F 125 mnkhpf;f nlhyHfSk;jhd; jw;Nghija Ntjd

tPjk;”vd;W $wpdhH.156

ml;ltiz 2 – kdpj chpikfs; fz;fhzpg;gfj;jpw;F njhptpf;fg;gl;lJ Nghd;W

cj;jpNahfG+Ht khjhe;j Ntjdk; kw;Wk; khjhe;j> kzpj;jpahyj;jpw;fhd

nfhLg;gdT nra;ag;gl;l Ntjdq;fs;

Ntiynfhs;Sk;

ehL

tPl;Lg;

gzpahsHfsJ

cj;jpNahfG+Ht

khjhe;j Ntjdk;

tPl;Lg; gzpahsH

fSf;F khjhe;jk;

cz;ikapy;

toq;fg;gLk;

Ntjdk;

tPl;Lg; gzpahsHfSf;F

ehnshd;Wf;fhd 16-18

kzpj;jpahyq;fspy;>

kzpj;jpahynkhd;Wf;fhf

toq;fg;gLk;

cz;ikahd

Ntjdk;157

nygdhd; 130158m.nlhyHfs; 100 m.nlhyHfs; 0.19-0.21 m.nlhyHfs;

If;fpa muGfs;

,uhr;rpak;

550159buhk;fs;

(150 m.nlhyHfs;)

400-450 buhk;fs;

(109-123

m.nlhyHfs;)

0.20-0.26 m.nlhyHfs;

rT+jp mNugpah 500160wpahy;fs;

(133 m.nlhyHfs;)

300-400 wpahy;fs;

(80-107 m.nlhyHfs;)


Fitj; 40161bdhHfs;

(142 m.nlhyHfs;)

35-40 bdhHfs;

(124-142

m.nlhyHfs;)


156 MH. rjpAldhd kdpj chpikfs; fz;fhzpg;gfj;jpd; NeHfhzy;> ghze;Jiw> ,yq;if>

etk;gH 15> 2006.

157 tPl;Lg; gzpahsHfs; kdpj chpikfs; fz;fhzpg;gfj;jpw;F njhptpf;ifapy; ehnshd;Wf;F

rhpahf 16-18 kzpj;jpahyq;fs;> mjpy; rpyH ehnshd;W 21 kzpj;jpahyq;fs; tPjk; thuj;jpd; 7

ehl;fSk; gzpGhptjhff; $wpdH. ,t;twpf;ifapd; gFjp IV “kpFe;j Ntiyg;gSTk; Xa;tpd;wp

msTf;fjpfkhf ePbf;Fk; NtiyNeuq;fSk;” vd;gijg; ghHf;fTk;.

158 my;̀ h[; A.hp.vk; md;tUldhd kdpj chpikfs; fz;fhzpg;gfj;jpd; NeHfhzy;>(ALFIA)


159 kdpj chpikfs; fz;fhzpg;gfk; ,e;j Ma;it elhj;Jfpd;w nghOJ ,yq;if tPl;Lg;

gzpg;ngz; fSf;fhd Fiwe;jgl;r Ntjdk; 550 buhk;fshf(150 m.nlhyHfs;) ,Ue;jJ@ ,J

nrg;nlk;gH 01> 2007 ,y; 600 buhk;fSf;F (163 m.nlhyHfs;) caHj;jg;gl;lJ. kpuh[; wp];tpapd;>

“Minimum wage for Sri Lankan Domestic Help is now in Force,” Khaleej Times (Dubai, UAE), A+iy 11> 2005, http://www.khaleejtimes.com/DisplayArticleNew.asp?section=theuae&xfile= data/theuae/2005/july/theuae_july266.xml (accessed September 6, 2007);Binsal Abdul Kader, “Sri Lanka Hikes Wages of Maids,” Gulf News (Dubai, UAE), August 30, 2007, http://archive.gulfnews.com/articles/07/0831/10150408.html (accessed September 6, 2007); “Higher Wages for UAE’s Lankan Maids,” Daily News (Colombo), September 1, 2007, http://www.dailynews.lk/2007/09/01/news22.asp (accessed September 6, 2007). 160 my;̀ h[; A.hp.vk; md;tUldhd kdpj chpikfs; fz;fhzpg;gfj;jpd; NeHfhzy;>(ALFIA)

nfhOk;G> ,yq;if> xf;NlhgH 31> 2006. 161 jdpg;gl;l Ntiyahl;fisr; NrHg;gjw;fhd xg;ge;jk;(Fitj;) 01.10.2006 ,ypUe;J

eilKiwf;F ,lg;gl;lJ> ge;jp 3.

59

rhjhuzkhf Ntiynfhs;NthHfs; tPl;Lg; gzpahsHfSf;F khjhe;j

mbg;gilapy; Ntjdk; toq;Ftjpy;iy. ,jw;Fg; gjpyhf tPl;Lg; gzpg;ngz;

jdJ xg;ge;j fhyj;ij G+Hj;jpahf;Fk; tiuapy; gy khjq;fSf;F Ntjdq;fis

toq;fhky; itj;jpUg;gJ tof;fk;. rpyrkaq;fspy; tPl;Lg;

gzpahsHfs; ,ileLNt tpyfp Xlhky; ,Ug;gjw;F mtHfspd; Ntjdq;fis

gpbj;J itj;jpUg;gij xU je;jpNuhghakhfTk; gad;gLj;Jfpd;wdH. xU tPl;Lg;

gzpahsH $Wifapy;:

ehd; ,yq;iff;Fj; jpUk;gp tUk;tiu vd;dplk; rT+jp mNugpa

ehzaq;fs; vJTNk iffspy; ,Uf;ftpy;iy... rT+jp mNugpahit

tpl;Lg; Gwg;gLtjw;F Kd;dH mtHfs; vd;dplk; xU

fhNrhiyiaj; je;jdH. mtHfs; tPl;by; Kd;dH ,Ue;j gzpg;

ngz;fs; jg;gpNahbagbahy; vd;dplk; gzk; ju tpUk;gtpy;iy

vd epidf;fpNwd;. ehd; vdJ Ntjdj;ij KjnyhU re;jHg;gj;jpy;

Nfl;bUe;Njd;.... ehd; mt;tpjk; jg;gpNahlhkypUg;gjw;fhfNt

mtHfs; vdf;Fg; gzk; jutpy;iynad ehd; epidf;fpNwd;>162

vd;whH.

tPl;Lg; gzpahsHfspd; Ntjdq;fis Ntiynfhs;NthH gpbj;J

itj;jpUf;ifapy; ,Wjpapy; mtHfs; J\;gpuNahfq;fSf;F Mshfpa epiyapy;

jg;gpNahLifapy;> gpbj;J itj;jpUf;fg;gLk; ,t;Ntjdq;fSf;F mtHfs;

Vkhw;wg;gLfpd;wdH. ,t;twpf;ifapy; gpd;dH tpghpf;fg;gl;lJ Nghd;W njhopy;

rk;ge;jg;gl;l tof;Ffspy; fhzg;gLk; xU jiyg;gl;rkhd epiy

kw;Wk; ,ilntspfs; tof;fpd; ,Wjpj; jPHkhdq;fspy; tPl;Lg; gzpahsHfSf;F

nfhLg;gdT nra;ag;glhj Ntjdj;ij Nfhhp ngw;Wf; nfhs;tij

fbdkhf;Ffpd;wJ vd;gJld; jq;fSf;F nfhLg;gdT nra;ag;gl Ntz;ba

Ntjdq;fspd; KOj;njhifiaAk; xUNghJk; ngw;wjpy;iy my;yJ ve;jnthU

njhifiaANk ngw;wjpy;iynad mNefH njhptpj;jdH. ,e;jg; gpur;rpid

mtrufhy #o;epiyfspd; NghJk; Vw;gLfpd;wJ@ cjhuzkhf 2006 Mk;

Mz;L A+iy khjj;jpy; nygdhd; ehl;by; Vw;gl;l Aj;jj;jpd;NghJ jg;gpNahba

gy tPl;Lg; gzpahsHfs; gpbj;J itf;fg;gl;bUe;j jq;fspd; Ntjdq;fspd;

epYitfis ngw;Wf; nfhs;sNtapy;iy. ,yq;ifAk; nygdhDk; Vw;W

mq;fPfhpj;J rl;ltY mspf;fg;gl;l Ntjdg; ghJfhg;G kPjhd rHtNjr

njhopy; ];jhgdj;jpd; 95 Mk; ,yf;f rkthak;> gzpahsHfSf;F Ntjdq;fs;

fpukkhd Kiwapy; Neubahf nfhLg;gdT nra;ag;gLtJld;> Ntiyia

Muk;gpg;gjw;F Kd;dH nfhLg;gdTfs; njhlHghd epge;jidfs; gw;wp

mwpTWj;jg;gly; Ntz;LnkdTk; Fwpg;gpLfpd;wJ.163 Ntjdg; ghJfhg;G

rkthaj;jpd; Vw;ghLfs; kPJ Jiz topfhl;Ljy;fis toq;Fk; rHtNjr

162 vy;. mkpHjpdpAldhd kdpj chpikfs; fz;fhzpg;gfj;jpd; NeHfhzy;. ];nfypa> ,yq;if>

etk;gH 13> 2006.

163 Ntjdg; ghJfhg;G njhlHghd rHtNjr njhopy; ];jhgdj;jpd; rkthak; ,y.95 cWg;Giu 2(2)-

(3).

60

njhopy; ];jhgdj;jpd; Ntjdg; ghJfhg;gpw;fhd ghpe;Jiufs;>

gzpahsHfSf;fhd Cjpak; khjhe;j my;yJ tUlhe;j mbg;gilapy;

epHzapf;fg;gl;L> Fiwe;jgl;rk; khjnkhUKiw toq;fg;gl Ntz;Lnkd

Fwpg;gpLfpd;wJ.164

Ntjdq;fisg; gpbj;J itj;jpUf;Fk; ,e;jg; gutyhd eilKiwahdJ tPl;Lg;

gzpahsHfsJ Ntjdq;fspypUe;J Ntiynfhs;NthH vNjr;rhjpfhukhdJk;>

Kiwaw;wJkhd fopTfis Nkw;nfhs;tjw;F VJthfpd;wJ. ,t;twpf;iff;fhf

NeH fhzg;gl;l tPl;Lg; gzpahsHfspy; mNefH jq;fsJ Ntiynfhs;NthH

xd;wpypUe;J MW khj fhyq;fSf;fhd Ntjdq;fis> mNefk; rhpahf %d;W

khjq;fSf;fhd Ntjdq;fis mtHfsJ tpkhd kPs;jpUk;gy; fl;lzkhf

fopj;jdH vd Kiwapl;ldH. XH mDgtk; tha;e;j njhopy; KftH kdpj

chpikfs; fz;fhzpg;gfj;jpw;Ff; $Wifapy; njhopy; xg;ge;jq;fspd;gb XH

gzpahsH xg;ge;jj;ijg; G+Hj;jpahf;Fk; nghOJ toikapy; Ntiynfhs;NthNu

gzpahshpd; kPs;jpUk;Gk; tpkhdg; gazj;jpw;fhd fl;lzj;ij nrYj;j

Ntz;Lnkd Fwpg;gpl;lhH: “tpjpfspd;gb gzpg;ngz;zpd; Ntjdj;jpy; Ntiy

nfhs;Nthuhy; fopTfs; vjidAk; Nkw;nfhs;s KbahJ.............. gzpg;ngz;

xg;ge;j fhyj;ijg; G+Hj;jp nra;Ak; nghOJ Ntiynfhs;NthH

mg;gzpg;ngz;zpw;F kPs; jpUk;Gtjw;fhd tpkhdg; gazf; fl;lzj;ij

nrYj;jy; Ntz;Lk;. mJ xg;ge;jj;jpNyNa cs;sJ.”165 toikahf xg;ge;jq;fs;>

gzpahsHfs; jq;fsJ gzpapypUe;J Kjy; %d;W khjq;fSf;Fs; jpUk;gpr;

nry;yhJ tpl;lhy; jq;fsJ kPs;jpUk;gy; tpkhdg; gazj;jpw;F nfhLg;gdT

nra;aj; Njitapy;iynad $Wfpd;wJ.166

Fitj; ehl;bd; cs;Jiw mikr;R tPl;Lg; gzpahsHfSf;fhd xg;ge;jj;ij

xNu tpjkhf juepHzag;gLj;jpAs;sJld; xf;NlhgH 1> 2006 ,ypUe;J mjid

eilKiwg; gLj;jpAs;sJ. ,jd;gb tPl;Lg; gzpahsHfs; vt;tsT fhyk;

gzpahw;wpdhHfs; vd;gijf; ftdj;jpy; nfhs;shJ mtHfs; jpUk;gpr;

nry;tjw;fhd fl;lzj;ij Ntiy nfhs;NthNu nrYj;j Ntz;Lnkdf;

$wg;gl;Ls;sJ.167 If;fpa muGfs; ,uhr;rpaj;jpd; tPl;Lg; gzpahsHfSf;fhd

164 Ntjdg; ghJfhg;G njhlHghd rHtNjr njhopy; ];jhgdj;jpd; ghpe;Jiu ,y.85>

Vw;Wf;nfhs;sg;gl;lJ A+iy 1> 1949 cWg;Giu 4(gp)

165 Xa;Tngw;w njhopy; KftH xUtUldhd kdpj chpikfs; fz;fhzpg;gfj;jpd; NeHfhzy;

(ngaH kiwf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ)> nfhOk;G> ,yq;if> etk;gH 18> 2006.

166 X.rrpe;jpAldhd kdpj chpikfs; fz;fhzpg;gfj;jpd; NeHfhzy;. ,wk;Gf;fid> ,yq;if>

etk;gH 6> 2006.

167 m`kl; rHf;fhhpahtpd;> “xf;NlhgH 1 ,ypUe;J eilKiwahFk; tPl;Lg; gzpahsHfspd;

khw;wj; jil” nla;yp ];uhH gjpg;G> Mf];l; 26-27> 2006. jg;gpNahLk; gzpg;ngz;fspd;

jpUg;gpaDg;Gk; tpkhdg; gazr; nryT nfhLg;gdTfspypUe;J Ntiynfhs;Nthhpw;F

tpyf;fspj;j Fitj; Njrpa rigapd; cs;ehl;L kw;Wk; ghJfhg;Gf; FOtpdhy;

mDkjpaspf;fg;gl;l etk;gH 2006 ,d; nfhs;iffis> jpUg;gpaDg;gg; gLjy; nryTfs;

njhlHghf xNutpjkhd juepHzag;gLj;jg;gl;l xg;ge;j Vw;ghLfs; khw;wPL nra;fpd;wd.

61

xUq;fpizf;fg;gl;l xg;ge;jk;> xg;ge;jk; G+Hj;jpahf;fg;gLjiy mLj;Jk; kw;Wk;

Ntiynfhs;Nthuhy; xg;ge;jk; chpafhyj;jpw;F Kd;dNu KbTWj;jg;

gLk;nghOJk; Ntiynfhs;NthNu tpkhdg; gazr;rPl;il nfhs;tdT

nra;aNtz;Lnkd Fwpg;gpLfpd;wJ.168 kj;jpa fpof;fpd; tPl;Lg; gzpahsHfSf;fhd

mjd; khjphp njhopy; xg;ge;jj;jpy; ,yq;if ntspehl;L Ntiytha;g;Gg;

gzpafk;> xg;ge;jk; G+Hj;jp nra;ag;gly;> gzpahshpd; cly; eyf;FiwT my;yJ

xg;ge;jj;jpd; epge;jidfis Ntiynfhs;NthH kPWtJ cl;gl mNefkhd

epiyikfspd; fPo; Ntiynfhs;NthNu kPs;jpUk;Gtjw;fhd tpkhdf; fl;lzj;ij

nfhLj;jy; Ntz;Lnkd Fwpg;gpLfpd;wJ.169 rHtNjr njhopy; ];jhgdj;jpd;

njhopYf;fhf Gyk;ngaHjYf;fhd ghpe;Jiu (,y.86) Gyk;ngaH njhopyhsH

xUtH mtH nghWg;ghf khl;lhj fhuzj;jpw;fhf jdJ Ntiyia tpl;L tpyfpr;

nry;yNtz;bNaw;gl;lhy; mtuJ kPs;gazj;jpw;fhd nryT ve;j rkaj;jpYk;

gzpahsH (gzpg;ngz;) kPjhdjhf mikjy; $lhnjd njhptpf;fpd;wJ.170

Ntiynfhs;NthH tPl;Lg; gzpahsHfspd; Ntjdq;fspypUe;J mtHfspd;

tUifapd; gpd;dH fl;lhakhf Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl Ntz;ba kUj;Jtr;

Nrhjidfs;> kUe;Jfs;> kUj;Jtf; ftdpg;Gf;fs;> Njrpa milahs ml;il>

tprh mDkjpiag; GJg;gpj;jy;> rPUil kw;Wk; Vida cilfs;> czT>

rtHf;fhuk;> gw;J}hpif> gw;gir> vd mtrpakhd nghUl;fspd; nryTfs; kw;Wk;

tPl;Lg; gzpahsHfspd; gzpapy; Vw;gLk; jtWfnsd fUjg;gLgitf;fhd jz;lg;

gznkd vNjr;rhjpfhukhf fopTfis Nkw;nfhs;fpd;wdH. mNefkhd

Ntiynfhs;NthH Ntjdj;jpypUe;jhd fopTfs; Nkw;nfhs;sg;gLnkd;gjw;F ve;j

Kd;dwptpj;jy;fisAk; nfhLg;gjpy;iy. rpy re;jHg;gq;fspy; gzpahsHfs;>

jq;fsJ xg;ge;j Kbtpd;NghJ gpbj;J itj;jpUf;Fk;

Ntjdj;jpy; ,r;nryTfSf;fhd fopTfis Nkw;nfhz;L kPjpg; gzj;ij

toq;Fk;NghNj fopTfs; Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;bUg;gjid mwpe;J nfhs;fpd;wdH.

njhopy; xg;ge;jq;fspy; nghJthf czT kw;Wk; ,Ug;gplq;fSf;fhd nryTfs;>

tprh mDkjpiag; GJg;gpj;jy; kw;Wk; Vida epHthfr; nryTfs; vd;gtw;iw

Ntiynfhs;NthNu nghWg;Ngw;gjhff; $wg;gl;bUf;Fk;. ,yq;if ntspehl;L

Ntiytha;g;G gzpafj;jpd; fl;lha gapw;rpia Nkw;nfhs;Sk; gapw;WdHfs;

gp. ,rhf;>”jg;gpNahLgtHfspd; Ntiynfhs;NthH nghWg;gpypUe;J tpLglyhk;”> Fitj; ilk;];>

etk;gH 20> 2006.

168 tPl;Lg; gzpahsHfs; kw;Wk; mDruizahsHfSf;fhd njhopy; xg;ge;jk; (I.m.,) Vg;gpuy;

1> 2007 ,y; eilKiwg;gLj;jg;gl;lJ. cWg;Giu 3>9.

169 ,yq;if ntspehl;L Ntiytha;g;G gzpafj;jpd; kj;jpa fpof;F ehLfspy; ,yq;ifapd;

tPl;L cjtpahsHfSf;fhd khjphp njhopy; xg;ge;jk; (1990) ge;jp 5> 10(V)-(rp)>

170 rHtNjr njhopy; ];jhgdj;jpd; njhopy; tha;g;Gf;fhd Gyk;ngaHjy; njhlHghd

ghpe;Jiufs; ,y.86 (jpUj;jpaJ 1949) Vw;Wf;nfhs;sg;gl;lJ A+iy 1> 1949. cWg;Giu 26(1)(a).

mgptpUj;jp Fiwe;j ehLfs; kw;Wk; Ml;Gy vy;iyfSs; Gyk;ngaH njhopyhsHfs;

ghJfhj;jy; njhlHghd rHtNjr njhopy; ];jhgdj;jpd; ghpe;Jiu ,y.100 IAk; ghHf;fTk;>

Vw;Wf;nfhs;sg;gl;lJ A+d; 22> 1955. cWg;Giu 10 (b)> Njrpa rl;l tYthf;fYld;

njhlHGgl;bUf;fhjjpdhy; rkthaj;jpd; rl;ltYf; flg;ghl;ilf; nfhz;buhj rHtNjr

njhopy; ];jhgdj;jpd; ghpe;JiufisAk; ghHf;fTk;. ,it rHtNjr njhopy; ];jhgd mq;fj;Jt

ehLfSf;F topfhl;ly;fis toq;Ffpd;wd.

62

kw;Wk; Ml;NrHg;G KftHfSk; tPl;Lg; gzpahsHfsJ Vid nryTfis Ntiy

nfhs;NthNu Vw;gjhf njhptpg;gH. rT+jp mNugpahtpYs;s xU

gzpg;ngz;zpd; Ntiy nfhs;NthH rT+jp mNugpahtpy; ngz;fs; mzpAk; KO

ePs gHjh cilf;fhfTk; kw;Wk; mtuJ Fspayiwg; nghUl;fSf;Fkhf ehd;F

khj Ntjdq;fisf; fopj;jpUe;jhH.171 Fitj; ehl;bYs;s ,d;DNkhH

gzpahshpd; Ntiynfhs;NthH 40>000 &gha;fis (355 m.nlhyHfs;) my;yJ

%d;W khjj;jpw;fhd Ntjdj;ij mg;gzpg;ngz; ngw;Wf;nfhz;l kUj;Jtf;

ftdpg;GfSf;fhf Ntjdj;jpypUe;J fopj;Jf; nfhz;lhH.172 rHtNjr

njhopy; ];jhgdj;jpd; Ntjdg; ghJfhg;G kPjhd rkthak; ,y.95> cs;@H

rl;lj;jpw;F mikthfTk; Ntiy nfhs;Nthhpw;Fk;> gzpahsHfSf;Fkpilapyhd

XH vOj;JUtpyhd cld;gbf;ifapy; $wg;gl;lit jtpHe;j Vida topfspy;

Ntjdq;fspypUe;J fopTfs; Nkw;nfhs;sg; gLtij jil nra;fpd;wJ.173

,e;j mwpf;iff;fhf ehk; NeHfhzy; nra;j ve;jg; ngz;fSNk nfhLg;gdT

nra;ag;glhj jq;fs; Ntjdj;jpw;fhf el;l<l;ilg; ngwhjJld; ,tHfSs;

mNefkhf KOj; njhifapdUNk jhq;fs; ehlf;$ba epthuz topKiwfs;

gw;wp mwpahjpUe;jdH. Fitj; ehl;by; gzpGhpAk; xU tPl;Lg; gzpg;ngz;

$@Wifapy;>“ehd; Ntjdq;fs; vJTk; nfhLf;fg;glhky; xU tUlKk; ehd;F

khjq;fSk; gzpnra;J Kbj;jpUf;fpNwd;> md;wpypUe;J vdf;F xU rjNkDk;

Ntjdkhf toq;fg;gltpy;iy. J}juf cj;jpNahfj;jH vdf;F ngw;W

mDg;Gtjhf $wpdhH. Mdhy; mtH vjidAk; vdf;F mDg;gtpy;iy...

ehd; ,t;tsT fhyKk; gzpahw;wpAk; $l vdf;F ehd;F khjr; rk;gsk;

kl;LNkAs;sJ”> vd;whH.174 jhq;fs; ,yq;iff;F jpUk;gpr; nrd;why; nfhLg;gdT

nra;ag;glhj Ntjdj;ij jq;fshy; kPsg;ngw Kbahnjd cz;ikapy;

ek;Gfpd;wdH. XU ngz;zpd; nygdhdpYs;s Ntiynfhs;NthH ehd;F

khjq;fshf jdpNa gj;J mnkhpf;f nlhyHfis kl;LNk nfhLg;gdT nra;J

Vkhw;wpapUg;gij mtH ,yq;if tpkhd epiyaj;jpy; itf;fg;gl;bUe;j

ehzakhw;W tpfpjj;ijg; ghprPypj;Jg; ghh;j;j nghONj mwpe;J nfhz;lhH. “ehd; vdJ Ntiynfhs;Nthiu njhiyNgrpapy; mioj;J ,jidg; gw;wpf; Nfl;f

171 [p. rpj;jpuhTldhd kdpj chpikfs; fz;fhzpg;gfj;jpd; NeHfhzy;. wpahj;> rT+jp mNugpah>

brk;gH 6> 2006.

172 vk;. `pdpAldhd kdpj chpikfs; fz;fhzpg;gfj;jpd; NeHfhzy;. jp`hhp> ,yq;if>

etk;gH 8> 2006.

173 rHtNjr njhopy; ];jhgdj;jpd; Ntjdg; ghJfhg;G rktha ,y.95 cWg;Giu 8(1).

174 Fkhhp ,e;Jepy; cldhd kdpj chpikfs; fz;fhzpg;gfj;jpd; NeHfhzy;

(Ntz;LNfhspd;gb cz;ikg; ngaNu gad;gLj;jg;gl;Ls;sJ) ,wk;Gf;fiz> ,yq;if> etk;gH

6> 2006.

63

epidj;Njd;> Mdhy; ,e;jg; gpur;rpid nygdhdpy; Muk;gpj;jJ> vdNt mij

mg;gbNa iftpl;L tpl;Nld;”175

Ntjdr; Ruz;ly;

rT+jp mNugpah> Fitj;> nygdhd; kw;Wk; If;fpa muGfs; ,uhr;rpak;

vd;gtw;wpy; tPl;Lg; gzpahsHfs; njhopy; rl;lq;fspypUe;J

tpyf;fg;gl;Ls;sdH. ,J ,e;j ehLfspy; tPl;Lg; gzpahsHfs; Nkyjpf Neu

NtiyfSf;fhd nfhLg;gdit ngWk; chpikia kWg;gJld; Fitj; kw;Wk;

nygdhd; ehLfspy; Fiwe;jgl;r Ntjdq;fSf;fhd rl;lq;fspypUe;J

ed;ikailtjidAk; jLf;fpd;wJ. (gphpT V> “njhopy; rl;lq;fspy; ,Ue;J tpyf;fg;gl;bUj;jy; vd;gijg; ghHf;fTk;). If;fpa muGfs; ,uhr;rpak; kw;Wk;

Fitj; vd;gd tPl;Lg; gzpahsHfSf;F Kiwrhuhj tifapy; Fiwe;jgl;r

Ntjdj;ij epHzapj;Js;sd. ,J ,e;j ehLfspy; Vida njhopyhsHfs;

<l;Lk; eilKiwapYs;s Ntjdj;ijtpl fzprkhdsT Fiwe;jitahFk;.176

,yq;if tPl;L gzpahsHfs;> ,e;j ehLfspy; ,Nj jd;ikAk;> kjpg;Gk; nfhz;l

Ntiyfisg; GhpAk; mjd; gpuirfs; kw;Wk; Vida ehl;Lg; gpuirfis tpl

Fwpg;gplj;jf;fstpy; Fiwthd Ntjdq;fisNa ngWfpd;wdH. rT+jp mNugpah>

Fitj;> nygdhd; kw;Wk; If;fpa muGfs; ,uhr;rpak; vd;gtw;wpy; jq;fsJ

Ntiynfhs;NthH cldpUf;Fk; cs;tPl;Lg; gzpahsHfs; mNefkhf vg;NghJk;

Nkyjpf Ntiy nfhLg;gdtpd;wp XH Fwpj;j epiyahd Ntjdq;fis

ngWfpd;wdH. ehnshd;Wf;F mNefk; 16 kzpj;jpahyq;fspypUe;J mjpfgl;rkhf

21 kzpj;jpahyq;fs; tiuapYk;> rpy rkaq;fspy; Njitahd miof;Fk;

Ntisfspnyy;yhk; gzpahw;Wjnyd ePz;l Neuq;fs;

gzpahw;wpdhYk; ,t;tPl;Lg; gzpahsHfspd; kzpj;jpahyj;jpw;fhd Ntjd tPjk;

kpff; Fiwthdjhf> fzpj;Jg; ghHf;Fk;NghJ kzpj;jpahynkhd;Wf;F

15 ,ypUe;J 30 rjq;fs; tiuapNyNa ngWfpd;wdH.177

gzpahsHfspdhy; ehl;bw;Fs; mDg;gg;gLk; gzj;jpdhyhd nghUshjhu

ed;ikfshy; mthTw;W mjpf vz;zpf;ifapyhd ehLfs; Fiwe;j

tUkhdj;jpYk; tPl;Lg; gzpg;ngz;fshf Gyk;ngaHtjw;F J}z;Ljy;

175 v];.fpU\;zDldhd kdpj chpikfs; fz;fhzpg;gfj;jpd; NeHfhzy;.

k];nfypah> ,yq;if> etk;gH 13> 2006.

176 jdpg;gl;l Ntiyahl;fis Ml;NrHg;gjw;fhd xg;ge;jk; (Fitj;) xf;NlhgH 1> 2006 ,y;

eilKiwg; gLj;jg;gl;lJ. ge;jp 3@ fhjH> “gzpg;ngz;fspd; Ntjdj;ij ,yq;if caHj;jpaJ”> tisFlh nra;jpfs;>”,yq;ifg; gzpg;ngz;fSf;F I.m.,uhr;rpaj;jpy; caH Ntjdq;fs;”> nla;yp epA+];.

177 ,f;fzpg;gPL kdpj chpikfs; fz;fhzpg;gfj;jpw;F tPl;Lg; gzpahsHfs; njhptpj;j khjhe;j

Ntjdq;fis (80-142 m.nlhyHfs;) ehnshd;Wf;F 16-18 kzpj;jpahyq;fs;> khjnkhd;Wf;F 30

ehl;fs; vDk; mbg;gilapy; fzpf;fg;gl;lJ.

64

mspf;fpd;wd. ,e;j rHtNjr Nghl;bapd; tpisthf ,yq;if njhopy;

KftHfs; ,yq;ifg; gzpahsHfsJ Ntjdj;ij NkYk; Fiwg;gjw;F Nguk;

NgrpdH. cz;ikapy; fhyk; nry;yr; nry;y ,jd; ngWkjp NkYk;

Fiwtile;jJ. gztPf;fj;jpw;Nfw;g rPHnra;j gpd;dH ,yq;if tPl;Lg;

gzpahsHfs; 1994 ,y; <l;ba Ntjdj;ij tpl Ie;J klq;F mjpfkhf 1980

fspy; <l;bdH.178 me;jf; fhyg;gFjpapypUe;J Ntjdq;fs; kPz;Lk; fPo;Nehf;fp

ghjhsj;jpw;F rhpe;Js;sij rhd;Wfs; fhl;Lfpd;wd. 15 tUlq;fSf;F

Kd;dH ,yq;if tPl;Lg; gzpahsHfs; rT+jp mNugpahtpy; khjnkhd;Wf;F 400

wpahy;fis <l;bdH. kdpj chpikfs; fz;fhzpg;gfk; NeHfhzy; nra;j

gzpahsHfs; jhq;fs; khjnkhd;Wf;F 300-400 wpahy;fs; (80-107 m.nlhyHfs;)

tiu jw;NghJ <l;Ltjhf njhptpj;jdH.179 gztPf;fj;jpw;Nfw;g rPHnra;ag;gl;l

jw;Nghija 400 wpahy;fs; Ntjdj;jpd; ngWkjp 1992 ,y; <l;ba Ntjdj;jpd;

kjpg;gpd; miug;gq;fhfNt cs;sJ.180 vdpDk; gztPf;fj;jpd;

fhuzkhf ,yq;ifapy; tho;f;ifr; nryT caHe;J> ghtidg; nghUl;fspd;

tpiyfs; mjpfhpj;Js;sd. ,jndhU tpisthf epiyahd Ntjdq;fspd;

cz;ikg; ngWkhdk; (mjhtJ> tPl;Lg; ghtidahsHfs; Ntjdq;fspd;

nfhs;tdTj; jpwd;) ehzaj;jpd; jsk;gy;fSf;Nfw;g <LnfhLf;fhJ fle;j

fhyq;fspy; tPo;r;rpaile;Js;sJ.181

rT+jp mNugpahtpy;> ,yq;ifapd; Gyk;ngaHe;j tPl;Lg; gzpahsHfs; jdpahH

Jiwapd; eilKiwapYs;s Fiwe;jgl;r Ntjdj;jpd; Ie;jpnyhU gq;ifNa

cz;ikapy; rk;ghjpf;fpd;wdH. rT+jp mNugpahtpy; Fiwe;jgl;r Ntjdnkd

cj;jpNahfG+Htkhf epHzapf;fg;glhJ tpl;lhYk;> Xa;T+jpaj; jpl;lj;jpw;fhd

fl;lha gq;fspg;gpd; mbg;gilapy; jdpahH Jiwapy; cz;ikapy; Fiwe;jgl;r

Ntjdkhf 1500 wpahy;fs; (400 m.nlhyHfs;) fhzg;gLfpd;wJ.182 ve;j

njhopyhsHfSf;Fk; Fiwe;jgl;r Ntjdg; ghJfhg;ig toq;fhj If;fpa

muGfs; ,uhr;rpaj;jpy; ,yq;if tPl;Lg; gzpahsH fSf;fhf

Fwpg;gplg;gl;Ls;s Fiwe;jgl;r Ntjdk; 600 buhk;fs; kl;LNk (161

178 `k;NgHl;bd;> “rikayiwf; fuz;bapd; ifgpb” gf;fk; 64.

179 Xa;Tngw;w njhopy; KftUldhd kdpj chpikfs; fz;fhzpg;gfj;jpd; NeHfhzy;. (ngaH

kiwf;fg; gl;Ls;sJ)> ,yq;if> etk;gH 18> 2006. rT+jp mNugpah XH epiyahd ehzakhw;W

tpfpjj;ijf; nfhz;l ehL. rT+jp mNugpa wpahy; 1986 ,ypUe;J m.nlhyH xd;Wf;F 3.75

wpahy;fs; vd;Dk; tpfpjj;jpy; epiyehl;lg;gl;Ls;sJ.

180 nfhOk;G EfHNthH tpiyr;Rl;nlz;izg; gad;gLj;jp gztPf;fj;jpw;F rPHnra;J ghHj;jhy;

1992 ,y; tPl;Lg; gzpahsHfs; 400 wpahy;fSf;F rkdhf 4660 &ghit ngw;wdH. 2007

Mk; Mz;by; ,jd; ngWkjp 20>162 &gha;fshFk;. Mdhy; jw;NghJ 2007 ,y; tPl;Lg;

gzpahsHfsJ 400 wpahy;fs; 12>053 &gha;fSf;F rkdhd ngWkjpapidNa nfhz;Ls;sd.

181 `k;NgHl;bd;> “rikayiwf; fuz;bapd; ifgpb” gf;fk; 248.

182 mnkhpf;f mur jpizf;fsj;jpd; [dehafk;> kdpj chpikfs; kw;Wk; njhopy;fsp;d;

mYtYfk; “ehLfspd; kdpj chpik eilKiwfspd; mwpf;if”-2006:khHr; 6> 2007. http://www.state.gov/g/drl/ris/hrrpt/2006/78862.htm (accessed June 1, 2007).

65

m.nlhyHfs;)183 ,J Mz;fshy; Ghpag;gLk; rhujp kw;Wk; Njhl;lf;fhuH Nghd;w

gzpj; JiwfSf;F eilKiwapy; toq;fg;gLk; Ntjdj;ij tpl

FiwthdjhFk;. nygdhd; tPl;Lg; gzpahsHfis mjd; Ntjdg;

ghJfhg;gpypUe;J tpyf;fpAs;sJ. ,jdhy; ,yq;if tPl;Lg; gzpahsHfs;

cz;ikapy; rl;lj;jpdhy; cj;juthjg;gLj;jg;gl;l Fiwe;jgl;r Ntjdj;jpd;

miug;gq;ifNa ngWfpd;wdH.184 Fitj; ehl;bd; njhopy; rl;lq;fs; jdpahHJiw

CopaHfSf;F Fiwe;jgl;r Ntjdnkd xd;iw epHzapf;fhJ tpl;lhYk;

muRJiw CopaHfSf;F Fiwe;jgl;r Ntjdg; ghJfhg;ig toq;FtJld;

Fitj; gpuirfSf;F ,e;jf; Fiwe;jgl;r Ntjdk; 200 bdhHfshfTk; (710

m.nlhyHfs;)> gpuirfsy;yhjtHfSf;F 90 bdhHfshfTk; (320

m.nlhyHfs;) epHzapj;Js;sJ.185 Fitj; ehl;bd; cs;Jiw mikr;rpd;

juepHzak; nra;ag;gl;l tPl;Lg; gzpahsH xg;ge;jj;jpy; Fiwe;jgl;r Ntjdk;>

gpuirfsy;yhj njhopyhsHfSf;F cj;juthjkspf;fg;gl;l Fiwe;jgl;r

Ntjdj;jpd;186 miug;gq;if tplf; Fiwthd 40 bdhHfs; (142 m.nlhyHfs;)

kl;LNknad Fwpg;gpLfpd;wJ. If;fpa ehLfs; rigapd; nghUshjhu r%f

kw;Wk; fyhr;rhu chpikfSf;fhd rig jdpahH JiwapYs;s tPl;Lg;

gzpahsHfs; Nghd;w gpuirfsy;yhj njhopyhsHfSk; XH nfsutkhd

tho;f;if epiyfis mDgtpg;gjw;F VJthf Fiwe;jgl;r Ntjdg; ghJfhg;ig

mtHfSf;Fk; toq;Fk;gb NfhhpAs;sJ.187

Gyk;ngaH tPl;Lg; gzpahsHfsJ Ntjdq;fs;> gzpg;ngz;zpd; Njrpak; kw;Wk;

mtH rhHe;Js;s kjk; vd;gtw;wpd; mbg;gilapy; NtWgLfpd;wJ. ,yq;ifg;

183 1980 ,y; njhopy; rl;lk; ,y.8 murhq;fk; XH Fiwe;jgl;r Ntjdj;ij epHzapf;f

Ntz;Lnkd $wpAs;sNghJk; If;fpa muGfs; ,uhr;rpak; Fiwe;jgl;r Ntjdj;ij

eilKiwapypltpy;iy. njhopy; njhlHG kPjhd 1980 ,d; $l;luRr; rl;l ,y.8 1980 cWg;Giu

63. nrg;nlk;gH 1> 2007 md;W 600 buhk;fshf caHj;Jk;tiu ,yq;if tPl;Lg;

gzpahsHfSf;fhd Fiwe;jgl;r Ntjdk; 550 buhk;fshf (150 m.nlhyHfs;) ,Ue;jJ. Rizvi, “Minimum Wages for Sri Lankan Domestic Help is now in Force”, Khaleej Times; Kader “Sri Lanka hikes Wages of Maids”, Gulf News,”Higher Wages for U.A.Es Lankan Maids” Daily News. 184 nygdhdpy; Fiwe;jgl;r Ntjdk; khjhe;jk; 300>000 gTz;];> RkhH 200 m.nlhyH

ngWkjpahdjhf ,Uf;ifapy; kdpj chpikfs; fz;fhzpg;gfj;jpd; Ma;Tfs; ,yq;if tPl;Lg;

gzpahsHfs; cz;ikapy; khjhe;jk; RkhH 100 m.nlhyHfisNa <l;Ltjhf Rl;bf;fhl;Lfpd;wJ.

decret no 8733 du 8 juillet 1996 fizant le salaire minimal officiel des employes et des ouvriers ainsi que le taux de cherte de vie, Argus de la Legistation libanaise, 1996, Vol.42 no.4 (July 8, 2006), pp.5-6. 185 mnkhpf;f mur jpizf;fsk;> [dehafk;> kdpj chpikfs; kw;Wk; njhopy;fspd;

mYtyfj;jpd;> “ehLfspd; kdpj chpikfs; eilKiwfspd; mwpf;if”> - 2006 Fitj;- khHr;

6> 2007. http://www.state.gov/g/drl/ris/hrrpt/2006/78856.htm (accessed June 1, 2007) 186 xf;NlhgH 1> 2006 ,y; eilKiwf;fplg;gl;l jdpg;gl;l gzpahl;fis Ntiyf;F

Ml;NrHg;gjw;fhd xg;ge;jk;> ge;jp 3.

187 nghUshjhu r%f kw;Wk; fyhr;rhu chpikfs; kPjhd If;fpa ehLfspd; FO> “Fitj;:r%f

kw;Wk; fyhr;rhu chpikfs; kPjhd ,Wjp mtjhdpg;Gfs;”> E/C, 12/1/Add 98, June 7, 2004. http://www.unhchr.ch/tbs/doc.nsf/(Symbol)/E.C.12.1.Add.98.En?Opendocument. (accessed May 30, 2007), para.34.

66

gzpahsHfs; gpypg;igd;]; kw;Wk; ,e;NjhNd\pa ehl;Lg; gzpahsHfis tpl

FiwthfNt rk;ghjpg;gJld; K];ypk; kj gzpahsHfs; Vida kj

ek;gpf;iffs; nfhz;l gzpahsHfis tpl $Ljyhd Ntjdj;ijg; ngWfpd;wdH.

kdpj chpikfs; fz;fhzpg;gfj;jpw;F tp. eadhjpdp vd;Dk; gzpg;ngz;

$Wifapy;>“rT+jp mNugpahtpy; vq;fSf;F 400 wpahy;fs; (107 m.nlhyHfs;)

kl;LNk fpilf;fpd;wJ. ,J NghJkhdjy;y... gpypg;igd;]; ehl;Lg; gzpahsHfs;

800 wpahy;fisAk; (213 m.nlhyHfs;)> ,e;NjhNd\paHfs; 600 wpahy;fisAk;

(160 m.nlhyHfs;) ngWfpd;wdH. mtHfs; nra;fpd;w mNjasT

Ntiyfisj;jhd; ehq;fSk; nra;fpd;Nwhk;>“188 vd;whH. kw;WnkhU gzpahsH

$Wifapy;>“nygdhdpy; jug;gLk; rk;gsk; NghjhJ> vdf;F khjk; xd;wpw;F 100 m.nlhyHfNs fpilj;jJ...... gpypg;igd;]; ehl;Lg; ngz;fs; 200 m.nlhyHfisg;

ngw;wdH> Mdhy; ,yq;ifg; ngz;fSf;F 100 m.nlhyHfs; kl;LNk. ,J

ghugl;rkhdJ. gpypg;igd;]; NjrKk; twpa ehL> ,yq;ifAk; twpa ehL>

Vdpe;j NtWghL”>189 vd;whH.

,yq;if murhq;fk; Gyk;ngaH tPl;Lg; gzpahsHfSf;fhd Ntjdj;ij

mjpfhpg;gjw;fhd xU Ngr;RthHj;ijf;F Kaw;rpj;jJ. MapDk; mJ> ,e;jg;

Ngr;RthHj;ijapd; %yk; Ntiynfhs;Sk; ehLfs; ,ijtpl Fiwe;j

Ntjdj;jpw;F Ml;fis mDg;Gk; Vida ehLfspypUe;J gzpahsHfis

gzpf;fkHj;j Kaw;rpg;gjd; %yk; jq;fsJ njhopypy; ,yhgkpy;yhJ

Ngha;tpLnkd mr;rKw;w njhopy; KftHfspd; vjpHg;gpid

re;jpj;jJ. ,yq;ifapd; [dhjpgjp k`pe;j uh[gf;r 2007 f;fhd tuT

nryTj;jpl;l ciuapy; $Wifapy;> murhq;fk; tPl;Lg; gzpahsHfSf;fhd

Fiwe;jgl;r Ntjdkhf 2007 ,y; khjnkhd;Wf;F &gha; 25>000 (222

m.nlhyHfs;) epHzapj;J mLj;j %d;W tUlq;fspy; ,jid &gha;

50>000 ,w;F (444 m.nlhyHfs;) mjpfhpg;gJ Fwpj;Jg; NgrpdhH.190 vdpDk; njhopy;

KftHfs; jq;fs; njhopy; rq;f mikg;ghd gjpT nra;ag;gl;l ntspehl;L

Ntiytha;g;G KftH rq;fk; (ALFEA) %yk; jq;fs; Ml;Nrgidiaj;

njhptpj;jij njhlHe;J ,J iftplg;gl;lJ.191 ntspehl;L Ntiytha;g;G

Cf;Ftpg;G kw;Wk; eyd;Ghp mikr;rH nffypa uk;Gf;nty> Nk

2007 ,y;> ,yq;if murhq;fk; Ntiynfhs;Sk; ehLfSld; ,yq;if tPl;Lg;

188 eadhjpdpAldhd kdpj chpikfs; fz;fhzpg;gfj;jpd; NeHfhzy;. wk;Ng> ,yq;if> etk;gH

5> 2006.

189 MH. cNgf;\hTldhd kdpj chpikfs; fz;fhzpg;gfj;jpd; NeHfhzy;> oy;FNl> ,yq;if>

etk;gH 6> 2006.

190 2007 tuT nryTj;jpl;l ciu>”ntspehl;L Ntiytha;g;GfSf;F Fiwe;jgl;r rk;gs

epHzak;” ge;jp 30> kPs;gpuRuk;> nla;yp kpuH (nfhOk;G) etk;gH 17> 2006 pA 17.

191 [fj; nts;stj;jAldhd kdpj chpikfs; fz;fhzpg;gfj;jpd; NeHfhzy; (,.nt.Nt.g)

nfhOk;G> etk;gH 16> 2006 “Gyk;ngaH gzpahsHfs; kPjhd mtru jPHkhdk;”> rd;Nl ilk;];

(nfhOk;G)> khHr; 11> 2007. http://www.sundaytimes.lk/070311/FinancialTimes/ft308.html (accessed September 6, 2007).

67

gzpahsHfsJ Fiwe;jgl;r Ntjdkhf 400 m.nlhyHfis epHzapg;gJ Fwpj;J

Ngr;RthHj;ij elhj;j jpl;lkpl;Ls;sjhf mwptpj;jhH.192 ,yq;if ntspehl;L

Ntiytha;g;G gzpafj;jpd; xU mjpfhhp kdpj chpikfs; fz;fhzpg; gfj;jpw;F

$Wifapy; “ehk; ,g;nghOJ Ntjdq;fSf;fhd XH ju epHzaj;ij cUthf;f

Kay;fpNwhk;. 125 m.nlhyHfSf;Ff; FiwahjJk;> NtW rpy ehLfSf;F 150

m.nlhyHfSf;Fk; FiwahjJkhd vd;fpd;w XH vy;iyf;F Nkw;gl;l Ntjd

msTfis kj;jpa fpof;F ehLfSf;F mwptpj;J tUfpd;Nwhk;. nygdhd;

ehl;by; rpy ,yq;ifg; gzpg;ngz;fs; 100 m.nlhyHfNs toq;fg;gl;l frg;ghd

mDgtq;fisf; nfhz;bUg;gjhy; ,e;j tplaj;jpy; ehk; rw;Wf;

fLikahfNt ,Uf;fpNwhk;. rpy ehLfspy; Ntjdq;fs; kpfTk; Fiwthdit

vd;gJld; nygdhd; ehl;Lf;fhd Ml;NrHg;G KftHfsplk;> 130

m.nlhyHfSf;Ff; Fiwthd Ntjdj;jpw;F ,yq;ifg; gzpg;ngz;fs;

gzpGhptij vjpHghHf;f Ntz;lhnkDk; xU fLikahd nfhs;if

epiyg;ghl;bid ehk; toq;fpapUf;fpNwhk;”> vd;whH.193

ngz;fspw;nfjpuhd midj;J tifahd ghugl;rq;fisAk; ,y;yhnjhopj;jy;

kPjhd rkthaj;jpd; (CEDAW) XH jug;gpduhd rT+jp mNugpah> Fitj;>

nygdhd; kw;Wk; ,yq;if vd;gd “ed;ikfs; kw;Wk; rkdhd xNu kjpg;Gila

gzpfspy; rkdhd xNutpjkhf elhj;Jjy; cl;gl rkdhd Cjpaj;jpw;fhd

chpikfisAk;”194 toq;Ffpd;wd.

nghUshjhu r%f kw;Wk; fyhr;rhu chpikfSf;fhd rHtNjr rkthaj;jpd;

(ICESCR) xU jug;gpduhd Fitj;> nygdhd; kw;Wk; ,yq;if Nghd;wd

rkthaj;jpd;gb gzpapy; epahakhd epge;jidfs; vd;gJ midj;Jg;

gzpahsHfSf;Fk; toq;fg;gLk; CjpakhdJ> Fiwe;jgl;rk; epahakhdjhfTk;

xNu jd;ikahd rkdhd kjpg;Gf; nfhz;l NtiyfSf;F vt;tpj

NtWghLfSkpd;wp Fwpg;ghf ngz;fSf;F Mz;fs; mDgtpf;Fk; Ntiy

epiyikfSf;F Fiwty;yhj Ntiy epiyikfs;> rkdhd gzpfSf;F

rkdhd Cjpak; vd;w cj;juthjk; vd;gtw;Wld; mtHfs; kw;Wk;

mtHfsJ FLk;gj;jpduJ nfsutkhd tho;f;if epiyia toq;FtijAk;195

cs;slf;fpapUg;gjhf mike;jpUj;jy; Ntz;Lnkd $Wfpd;wd. ,e;j chpikfs;

192 re;Jd; V [aNrfu> “tPl;Lg; gzpg;ngz;fspd; Ntjd caHTf;fhf murhq;fk;

Ngr;RthHj;ij”> nla;yp kpuH (nfhOk;G) Nk 3> 2007

http://www.dailymirror.lk/2007/05/03/news/3.asp (accessed September 6, 2007). 193 vy;.Nf W`_DNfAldhd kdpj chpikfs; fz;fhzpg;gfj;jpd; NeHfhzy;. ,.nt.Nt.g>


194 ngz;fSf;nfjpuhd midj;J tifahd ghugl;rq;fisAk; ,y;yhnjhopj;jy; kPjhd rkthak;

(CEDAW), 1979> brk;gH 18 Vw;Wf; nfhs;sg;gl;lJ. nghJr;rig jPHkhdk; 34/180> 34 UN GAOR Supp. (no.46) at193,u.n Doc A/34/46, eilKiwf;fplg;gl;lJ nrg;nlk;gH 3> 1981. cWg;Giu 11(1)(d). 195 nghUshjhu r%f kw;Wk; fyhr;rhu chpikfs; kPjhd rHtNjr rkthak; (ICESCR) Vw;Wf;

nfhs;sg;gl;lJ brk;gH 16> 1966. G.A Res.2200A(XXI) 21 U.N. GAOR Supp.(No.16) at 49, U.N. Doc.A/6316 (1966), 993 U.N.T.S. 3, eilKiwapyplg;gl;lJ [dthp 3> 1976> cWg;Giu 7(a).

68

ghugl;rkpd;wp ngz;fSf;Fk; toq;fg;gly; Ntz;Lk;.196 kdpj chpikfSf;fhd

rHtNjr gpufldk; (UDHR) xt;nthUtUk; ve;jg; ghugl;rKkpd;wp rkdhd

gzpfSf;F rkdhd Cjpaj;ijAk; kw;Wk; kdpj nfsutj;jpw;F mikthd XH

tho;f;if elhj;Jtij cWjpg;gLj;Jtjw;fhd epahakhdJk;>

mD$ykhdJkhd Cjpaj;jpw;F chpik cilatHfnsd $Wfpd;wJ.197

rHtNjr njhopy; ];jhgdj;jpd; mbg;gilf; Nfhl;ghLfs; kw;Wk; njhopypd;

Nghjhd chpikfs; kPjhd gpufldk;> rHtNjr njhopy; ];jhgdj;jpd; midj;J

cWg;gpdHfSk; epiyehl;lf; flikg;gl;Ls;s njhopyhsHfspd; mbg;gil

chpikfSs;”Ntiy kw;Wk; njhopy; rk;ge;jkhd midj;Jg;

ghugl;rq;fisAk; ,y;yhnjhopj;jy;” vd;gijAk; cs;slf;Ffpd;wJ.198 rHtNjr

njhopy; ];jhgdj;jpd; cWg;G ehLfshf rT+jp mNugpah> Fitj;> nygdhd;

kw;Wk; If;fpa muGfs; ,uhr;rpaj;jpd; murhq;fq;fs;> rk;ge;jg;gl;l

rkthaq;fspd; Vw;W rl;ltYthf;fg;gl;l me;j];J gw;wp ftdj;jpy; nfhs;shJ

Ntiyapy; ngz;fspd; ghugl;rkw;w chpikia Kd;dpWj;Jtjw;fhd XH

flg;ghl;ilf; nfhz;Ls;sd.199 rT+jp mNugpah> If;fpa muGfs; ,uhr;rpak;>

nygdhd; kw;Wk; ,yq;if vd;gd rl;ltYtspj;Js;s rHtNjr

njhopy; ];jhgdj;jpd; rkdhd Cjpaj;jpw;fhd rktha ,yf;fk; 100> rkdhd

kjpg;Gf; nfhz;l NtiyfSf;F ngz;fs; kw;Wk; Mz;fs;

MfpNahH rkdhd Cjpaj;ijg; ngWtij muRfs; cWjp nra;aNtz;Lnkd

Ntz;LfpwJ.200 rT+jp mNugpah> Fitj;> If;fpa muGfs; ,uhr;rpak;> nygdhd;

kw;Wk; ,yq;if vd;gd rl;ltYtspj;Js;s rHtNjr njhopy; ];jhgdj;jpd;

rktha ,yf;fk; 111> Ntiy kw;Wk; njhopypy; ghugl;rk; gw;wp fhprdk;

nfhs;tJld; rkdhd Ntiy tha;g;G re;jHg;gq;fis Kd;Ndw;wTk; kw;Wk;

196 muRfs; kPjhd ICESCR ,d; cWg;Giu 2> ghy;epiy vd;fpd;w ghugl;rkpd;wp

rkthaj;jpy; cs;slf;fg; gl;l chpikfs; mg;gpahrpf;fg;gLtij muRfs; cWjp

nra;aNtz;Lnkd;gijAk;> ,jd; cWg;Giu 3 rkthaj;jpYs;s chpikfis mDgtpg;gjw;F

ngz;fs; kw;Wk; Mz;fSf;fhd rkThpikia muRfs; cWjp nra;aNtz;LnkdTk; $Wfpd;wd.

197 rHtNjr kdpj chpikfs; gpufldk; (UDHR) brk;gH 10> 1948 ,y; Vw;Wf;nfhs;sg;gl;lJ. G.A.

Res.217A(III), U.N. Doc. A/810at 71 (1948), cWg;Giu 23(2)-(3) 198 rHtNjr njhopy; ];jhgdk;> mbg;gilf; Nfhl;ghLfs; kw;wk; njhopypd; Ntjd chpikfs;

kPjhd rHtNjr njhopy; ];jhgdj;jpd; gpufldk; (ILO gpufldk;) 86 MtJ gphpT> A+d; 18> 1998>

37 I.L.M. 1233 (1998), para 2(d). 199 rHtNjr njhopy; ];jhgdj;jpd; gpufldk;>”midj;J cWg;gpdHfSk; rk;ge;jg;gl;l

rkthaj;jpw;F rl;ltY mspj;jpUf;fhtpbDk; ];jhgdj;jpd; cWg;gpdHfs; vd;w tifapy;

rkthaj;jpd; fUg; nghUshfpa mbg;gil chpikfs; njhlHghd Nfhl;ghLfis ];jhgdj;jpd;

mikg;gpw;fika ed;dk;gpf;ifNahL kjpg;gspf;fTk;> Kd;Ndw;wTk; kw;Wk; epiwNtw;Wjy;

Ntz;Lk;”> vd;W Fwpg;gpLfpd;wJ. rHtNjr njhopy; ];jhgdj;jhy; epHzapf;fg;gl;l mbg;gil

chpikfSs; ghugl;rkw;w epiynad;gJk; xd;whFk;. rHtNjr njhopy; kfhehL> ILO gpufldk;> ge;jp 2.

200 xNu kjpg;Gs;s NtiyfSf;F ngz;fs; kw;Wk; Mz;fSf;F rkdhd Cjpak; Fwpj;jhd

rHtNjr njhopy; ];jhgdj;jpd; rktha ,yf;fk; 100> A+d; 29> 1951 Vw;Wf;nfhs;sg;gl;lJ. 165

U.N.T.S. 303, eilKiwapyplg;gl;lJ Nk 23> 1953> cWg;Giu 2.

69

Ntiytha;g;gpy; ngz;fs; kw;Wk; Mz;fis rkdhf elhj;jTk; murhq;fq;fis

Ntz;LfpwJ.201

cly; kw;Wk; cs hPjpahd J\;gpuNahfk;

ehd; khit vLg;gjw;F Kd;ghfNt mLg;ig gw;w itj;Jtpl;Nld;

vd;gjw;fhf v[khdp vdJ gpl;lj;jpy; cijj;jhH. mjd; gpd;dH

ehd; Neuq;fopj;J vOk;gpajw;fhf mbj;jhH. gpd; Ntiyia

Kbf;fhj ikf;fhf mbj;jhH. v[khdp jd; ifapy; vJ

fpilf;fpd;wNjh mjdhy; vd;idg; Nghl;L mbj;jhH.

rpyrkaq;fspy; mtH iff;F mfg;gLtJ XH

Jilg;gkhfTk; ,Uf;Fk;> rpyrkaq;fspy; mit

fj;jpfshfTk;.... ,Uf;Fk;. v[khdpapd; kfd;> “,yq;iff;F

jpUk;gpg; Nghfyhnkd;W epidf;fhNj> nrhy; NfshjtHfSf;nfd

,q;NfhH ,lKs;sJ. xU ehisf;F cd;id $l;br; nrd;W mq;F

tpl;LtpLNtd;> mq;Fs;stHfs; cd;id mbj;Jj;

Jd;GWj;JthHfs;”> vd;W $wpdhd;.” mtd; vd;id Vrp> “vdJ jha; $Wtjd;gb thia %bf; nfhz;L eha; khjphp Ntiy

nra;> ,y;yhtpl;lhy; cd; clk;gpy; xU vYk;G$l

kpQ;rhJ>“ vd;W $wpdhd;.202

tPl;Lg; gzpahsHfs; cly; hPjpahd jhf;Fjy; Nghd;w Fw;wptpay;

J\;gpuNahfq;fSf;Fk; Kfk; nfhLj;jdH. kdpj chpikfs; fz;fhzpg;gfk;

NeHfhzy; nra;j 100 tPl;Lg;ngz; gzpahsHfSs; Fiwe;jJ 20 gzpg;ngz;fs;

jq;fs; Ntiynfhs;NthH my;yJ mtHfsJ gps;isfshy; cly; hPjpahd

J\;gpuNahfq;fis mDgtpj;Js;sdH. mNefkhdtHfs; tha;thHj;ij %ykhd

J\;gpuNahfq;fs; cl;gl cs hPjpahd J\;gpuNahfq;fisAk;

mDgtpj;Js;sdH. ,yq;if rHtNjr tpkhd epiyaj;ij te;jilAk; tPl;Lg;

gzpahsHfSf;F MjuT ey;Fk; ,yq;if ntspehl;L Ntiytha;g;G

gzpafj;jpd; ‘r`dgpar’ vDk; cjtp toq;Fk; eyd;Ghp mikg;G mjpfhhp

xUtH njhptpf;ifapy; fLikahd cly; hPjpahd J\;gpuNahfq;fSld;

xt;nthU khjj;jpYk; %d;wpypUe;J gj;J NgH tiuapyhtJ ,e;j cjtp

epiyaj;jpw;F tUtjhf njhptpj;jhH.203

201 Ntiy kw;Wk; njhopypy; ghugl;rk; njhlHghd rHtNjr njhopy; ];jhgdj;jpd;

rktha ,yf;fk; 111. 1958 A+d; 25 ,y; Vw;Wf;nfhs;sg;gl;lJ> 362 U.N.T.S., A+d; 15>

1960 ,y; eilKiwg;gLj;jg;gl;lJ. cWg;Giu 2.

202 vt;. E}Uldhd kdpj chpikfs; fz;fhzpg;gfj;jpd; NeHfhzy;. mj;jdfy> ,yq;if>

etk;gH 8> 2006.

203 ,yq;if ntspehl;L Ntiytha;g;G gzpaf mjpfhhpnahUtUldhd kdpj chpikfs;

fz;fhzpg;gfj;jpd; NeHfhzy;. fl;Lehaf;f> ,yq;if> etk;gH 17> 2006.

70

ngz;fs; kPJ cly; hPjpahd J\;gpuNahfq;fshf mbj;jy;> ,Uk;ghy; RLjy;>

cijj;jy;> fd;dj;jpy; miwjy; kw;Wk; jiykapiug; gpbj;jpOj;jy; vd;gd

mwptpf;fg; gl;ld. tPl;Lg; gzpahsHfs; kdpj chpikfs; fz;fhzpg;gfj;jpw;F

$Wifapy; jq;fsJ Ntiynfhs;NthH jq;fis iffs;> nrUg;Gfs;> ,wg;gH

Foha;fs;> kpd; Jg;Guthf;fpfs;> Ngrpd;fs;> taHfs;> rq;fpypfs;> kug;gyiffs;>

Jilg;gf; fl;ilfs;> fj;jpfs;> ,Uk;Gr; rl;lq;fs; kw;Wk; gpuk;G Nghd;wtw;why;

jhf;fg;gl;ljhf $wpdH. kdpj chpikfs; fz;fhzpg;gfk; ,g;ngz;fis

NeHfhzy; nra;jnghOJ gy ngz;fs; ,j; J\;gpuNahfq;fspd;

milahsq;fshd #l;Lj; jSk;G> ntl;Lf; fPwy;fs;> fl;Lfs;> Fl;ilahf

ntl;lg;gl;l $e;jy; vd;gtw;iw fhl;bdH. rpy ngz;fs; jhk; ngw;Wf;

nfhz;l ,e;jf; fhaq;fs; fhuzkhf jiytyp> KJFtyp my;yJ iffshy;

rpy mirTfis Nkw;nfhs;s ,ayhik Nghd;w ePbj;j clyhNuhf;fpa

gpd;tpisTfis mDgtpg;gjhf $wpdhHfs;.

rpy ngz;fs; vq;fSf;Fj; njhptpf;ifapy; mtHfsJ Ntiynfhs;NthH

jq;fsJ Ntiyapy; Vw;gLk; jtWfSf;fhf jq;fis J\;gpuNahfk; nra;tjhff;

$wpdH. rT+jp mNugpahtpy; jdJ mDgtj;ij xU ngz; $Wifapy;> “XH rpwpa jtWf;Fk; $l mtHfs; vdf;F mbj;jhHfs;. epyj;jpy; rpwpJ

Fg;igapUe;jhYk; me;j tPl;Lg; ngz; vdJ iffis mjd; Nky; itj;J

Nja;g;ghH”204 Fitj; ehl;by; gzpGhpAk; kw;WnkhU ngz; $Wifapy;> “%j;j

ngz; rNfhjhp xUj;jp jd; ,isatspw;F

mbj;jhs;> ,isats; mOJ rj;jkpl;lhs;. mts; vjw;fhf mOfpwhs;

vd;W$l

Nfl;fhky; ehd; Foe;ijia mbj;Jtpl;ljhf v[khd; vd;id re;Njfpj;J

vd;id RtNuhL js;sp mbj;jhH. mtH vd;id iffshy; mbj;jhH> jdJ

rg;ghj;Jf; fhy;fshy; mbj;jhh;> mtH vdJ ,Lg;gpd; kPJ cijj;j nghOJ

ehd; fPNo tpOe;Njd;. vdJ ,Lg;gpy; typia ehd; czHe;Njd;> vdf;F xU

thukstpw;F me;j typapUe;jJ”205

204 lgps;A+. nry;tFkhhpAldhd kdpj chpikfs; fz;fhzpg;gfj;jpd; NeHfhzy;.


205 vr;. tbTf;furpAldhd kdpj chpikfs; fz;fhzpg;gfj;jpd; NeHfhzy;>

jythf;fiy> ,yq;if> etk;gH 12> 2006.

71

Ntiynfhs;Nthh;fs; jd;id kpfTk;

J\;gpuNahfj;jpw;Fs;shf;fpajhf njhptpf;Fk; xh; tPl;Lg;

gzpahsh;. J\;gpuNahfq;fspd; tpisthd fhaq;fSf;F

rpfpr;iraspg;gjw;fhf jhd; gy rj;jpurpfpr;irfSf;F

cl;gl;ljhf mth; $Wfpwhh;. ©2007 J\;ae;jp

fdfrghgjpg;gps;is/kdpj chpikfs; fz;fhzpg;gfk;

jq;fsJ chpikfis typAWj;j Kw;gl;l NtisfspNyNa cly; kw;Wk; cs

hPjpapyhd J\;gpuNahfq;fs; mjpfhpj;jjhf tPl;Lg; gzpahsHfs; njhptpj;jdH.

XH 18 taJg; ngz; njhptpf;ifapy;> jdJ Ntjdk;> kUj;Jtf; ftdpg;G kw;Wk;

jdJ FLk;gj;jhNuhL njhlHG nfhs;tjw;fhd trjp vd;gtw;iw Nfl;ljw;fhf

Ntiy nfhs;NthH jd;id J\;gpuNahfk; nra;jjhff; $wpdH.

ehd; mtHfis ,yq;iff;F xU njhiyNgrp miog;G vLj;Jj;

jUk;gb Nfl;ljw;F mtHfs; vd;id mbf;fj; njhlq;fpdH.

v[khdp vd;idr; RLtjw;F xU ,Uk;ig cgNahfpj;jhH.

Muk;gj;jpy; vdf;F rk;gsk; je;jhH> gpd; vdf;F 5 khj rk;gsk;

72

jutpy;iy. ehd; vdJ rk;gsj;ij Nfl;fj; njhlq;fpaJk; mtH

vd;id mbf;fj; njhlq;fpdhH.... xUehs; ehd; kpfTk; RftPdkhf

czHe;Njd;. mtH vd;id mbj;jhH> vdf;F fLk;

jiytypahf ,Ue;jJ... ehd; itj;jparhiyf;F NghfNtz;Lnkd

Nfl;Nld;. mtH vd;id vdJ miwapy; Nghl;l fjitg;

G+l;btpl;lhH. ehd;F ehl;fshf ehd; rhg;ghL> jz;zPhpd;wpf;

fple;Njd;. ehd; kaq;fp tpl;Nld;.206

v];. nghd;dk;kh vd;gtUk; ,NjNghd;w fUj;ijNa kdpj chpikfs;

fz;fhzpg; gfj;jpw;F $wpdhH. “xU tUlKk; Ie;J khjq;fSk; ehd; Ntjdk;

vjidAk; ngwtpy;iy. ehd; gzk; Nfl;lhy; mtHfs; vd;id mbg;ghHfs;

my;yJ fj;jpahy; ntl;bf; fhag;gLj;JthHfs; my;yJ neUg;ghy; RLthHfs;.

mtHfs; vdJ xU ifia neUg;ghy; Rl;L fj;jpahy; ntl;bdH. vdJ KJfpy;

milahsq;fs; cs;sd. vdJ clk;G KOtJk; typAs;sJ. vdJ clk;G

KOtjpYk; mbtpOe;jpUf;fpwJ. mtHfs; vdJ jiyiag; gpbj;J Rthpy;

NkhJthHfs;. vg;nghOnjy;yhk; ehd; vdJ rk;gsj;ijf; Nfl;fpNwNdh

mg;nghOnjy;yhk; mq;F xU rz;il epyTk;.”207

kdpj chpikfs; fz;fhzpg;gfk;> tpNrlkhf Ntiynfhs;Nthuhy; kpf Nkhrkhf

Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;l J\;gpuNahf rk;gtq;fis Mtzg;gLj;jpAs;sJ.

cjhuzkhf> Fitj; ehl;bypUe;J ,yq;if jpUk;gpa ehsd;W 47 tajhd

nkype;j gytPdkhd mtUila tajpw;Fk; Nkyhd Njhw;wk; nfhz;l N[.

yf;kpdp> Klkhfpg; Nghd iffs; kw;Wk; mtuJ iffs;> Njhs;fspYs;s nghpa

jSk;Gfis vq;fSf;Ff; fhl;bdhH. jdf;Nfw;gl;l fhaq;fis rPHnra;tjw;fhf

jhd; VO rj;jpurpfpr;irfSf;F cl;gl;ljhf mtH vq;fSf;Ff; $wpdhH. mtH

NkYk; tpghpf;ifapy;:

vdJ Ntiynfhs;NthHfs; vdf;F Nkhrkhf mbj;jdH. vdf;F

Koq;fhy; tiu ePz;l $e;jy; ,Ue;jJ. v[khdp> xU izg;Nghy;

vdJ $e;jiy ntl;b vwpe;jhH.... xt;nthU ehSk; mtHfSf;F

vdJ ,uj;jj;ijf; fhzNtz;Lk;. mq;Nf xU fWg;G tifapyhd

gl;bapUe;jJ> fWg;G tahpdhyhdJ. mjdhy; mtHfs; vd;id

mbj;jhHfs;. mtHfs; vdJ ,uj;jj;ijf; fhzNtz;Lnkd;gjw;fhf

fj;jpahYk; vd;id ntl;bdhHfs;. mtHfs; vdJ njhil>

iffspy; fj;;jpahy; Mokhf ntl;bdH. vdJ cliy Rl;nlhpj;J

ehrkhf;fpdH. mtHfs; fj;jpia mLg;gpy; #lhf;fp mjdhy;

vd;idr; Rl;ldH. xt;nthUehSk; njhlHr;rpahf xd;gJ khjq;fs;

206 MH. nrt;te;jpAldhd kdpj chpikfs; fz;fhzpg;gfj;jpd; NeHfhzy;>


207 v];. nghd;dk;khTldhd kdpj chpikfs; fz;fhzpg;gfj;jpd; NeHfhzy;> wpahj; > rT+jp

mNugpah brk;gH 14> 2006.

73

vd;id mbj;jdH.... xd;gJ khjq;fSk; ehd; eufj;jpw;Fg;

NghapUe;Njd; vd;Wjhd; nrhy;y Ntz;Lk;.208

,e;j xd;gJ khjq;fspy; mtH jg;gpr; nry;Yk;tiu yf;kpdpapd;

Ntiynfhs;NthH mth; kPJ nfhy;yg;Nghtjhf mr;RWj;jpaJ> VzpapypUe;J

mtiuj; js;sp tpOj;jpaJ> FNshhpd; gTluhy; mtiu vhpj;jJ> Nfgps;

taHfshy; mtiu mbj;jJ kw;Wk; neUg;gpy; #lhf;fpa fj;jpahy; ntl;baik

Nghd;wtw;why; mthpd; if fhy;fis cilj;J iffis Klkhf;fpaik

cl;gl nrhy;nyhzh td;Kiwfisg; Ghpe;jdH.209

tPl;Lg; gzpahsHfshy; njhptpf;fg;gl;l cstpay; hPjpahd J\;gpuNahfq;fs;

mtkjpj;jy;> cly; hPjpahd jPq;Ffs; my;yJ kuz mr;RWj;jy;fs;>

rpwpa ,lq;fspy; G+l;b itf;fg;gly;> czT kWf;fg;gLjy; kw;Wk; jz;lidahf

$e;jiy ntl;Ljy; Nghd;wtw;iw cs;slf;Ffpd;wJ. xU ngz; $Wifapy;>

mtuJ Fitj; Ntiy

nfhs;NthH> “rikayiwf;Fr; nrd;W fj;jpia vLj;J te;J vd;idf; nfhd;W>

rpW Jz;Lfshf ntl;b mj;Jz;Lfis mYkhhpapy; Nghlg; Nghtjhf

$wpdhH.”210

N[.Athdp $Wifapy;> rT+jp mNugpahtpy; mtuJ Ntiynfhs;NthH kw;Wk;

mtuJ kfd; MfpNahH jd;id kPz;Lk;> kPz;Lk; mr;RWj;jpdhHfs;: “je;ijAk;

kfDk;> vd;idf; nfhd;W Fg;igj; njhl;bapy; Nghlg;Nghtjhf” $wpdhHfs;.

vd;id mbg;gjw;F xU taH Jz;bid cgNahfpj;jhHfs;. mj;Jld; mtHfs;

vdf;F miwe;jhHfs;. vd;id nfhy;yg; Nghtjhf vg;NghJk; $WthHfs;.

xUehs; je;ijAk; kfDkhf vd;idf; nfhy;yg; Nghtjhff; $wpdhHfs;.

mtHfsplk; xU fj;jpapUe;jJ. ehd; XbNdd;. Mdhy; je;ij vd;id RtNuhL

gpbj;Jj; js;spdhd;.”211 ,jd; tpisthf Athdp fhy; KwpTf;Fs;shdhH.

208 N[. yf;kpdpAldhd kdpj chpikfs; fz;fhzpg;gfj;jpd; NeHfhzy;. fl;Lehaf;f> ,yq;if>

etk;gH 9> 2006.

209 mNj Mjhu %yk;.

210 Fkhhp ,e;Jepy; cldhd kdpj chpikfs; fz;fhzpg;gfj;jpd; NeHfhzy;

(Ntz;LNfhspd;gb cz;ikg; ngaNu gad;gLj;jg;gl;Ls;sJ) ,wk;Gf;fiz> ,yq;if> etk;gH

6> 2006.

211 N[. AthdpAldhd kdpj chpikfs; fz;fhzpg;gfj;jpd; NeHfhzy;. fl;Lehaf;f> ,yq;if>

etk;gH 1> 2006.

74

ghypay; J\;gpuNahfk;

ehd; gLj;jpUe;Njd;> v[khdpapd; ,isa rNfhjud; epHthzkhf

vdJ miwf;Fs; te;jhd;... miwf;Fs; mtd; epHthzkhf

te;jJk; ehd; fj;jpagb xU jbia vLj;J mtd; jiyapy;

mbj;Njd;.212

—v];. gj;kh> 39 taJ> rT+jp mNugpahtpy; tPl;Lg; gzpahsuhf jdJ

mDgtq;fisg; gw;wp tpsf;Fifapy; $wpaJ.

kdpj chpikfs; fz;fhzpg;gfk; NeHfhzy; nra;j 100 ngz;fSs; 13 ngz;fs;

Ntiynfhs;NthH my;yJ mtHfsJ kfd;fshy; ghypay; njhy;iyfs;

my;yJ Jd;GWj;jy;fSf;F cs;shdjhf njhptpj;jdH. ,tHfSs; ItH

ty;YwTf;Fs;shf;fg; gl;ljd; %yk; fHg;gk; jhpj;jdH. VidNahUk; ,JNghd;w

J\;gpuNahfq;fis mDgtpj;jpUe;jhYk; mJgw;wp fijg;gjw;F tpUk;gtpy;iy.

ghypay; njhy;iyfs; my;yJ Jd;GWj;jy;fSf;Fs;shd ,yq;if Gyk;ngaH

tPl;Lg; gzpahsHfspd; vz;zpf;if njhpatpy;iy. ,Ug;gpDk; ghypay;

J\;gpuNahfk; Fiwe;j vz;zpf;ifapNyNa mwptpf;fg;gLfpwJ vd;gJ

njspthfpd;wJ. kpff; Fiwe;j mstpNyNa mNefk; ,J

mwptpf;fg;gLfpwJ. ,j;jd;ik mNefk; Vida epiyikfspYk; nghJthf

fhzg;gLtJ Nghd;W J\;gpuNahfq;fspdhy; Vw;gLk; mtkhdk; kw;Wk; ntl;f

czHtpdhy; kl;Lkd;wp jdpikg;gl;bUj;jy;> tPl;Lg; gzpahsHfspd; vjpHj;Jg;

Nghuhlf;$ba tYtpd;ik kw;Wk; Kiwg;ghl;L KiwikfSf;fhd

toptiffspd;ik vd;gtw;wpd; gpd;dzpapy; Ntiynfhs;Nthuhy; gjpy;

Fw;wr;rhl;LfSf;F Mshfyhk; vd;w mr;rj;jpdhYk; Fiwe;jstpNyNa

Kiwaplg;gLfpd;wJ. gy tPl;Lg; gzpg;ngz;fs; mtHfsJ Mz;

Ntiynfhs;NthH my;yJ mtHfsJ kfd;fshy; ghypay; xj;Jiog;Gf;F

ntFkjp> mdhtrpa ghpT kw;Wk; ty;YwT Kaw;rp cl;gl;l kPz;Lk; kPz;Lk;

epfOk; ghypay; njhy;iyfs; gw;wp Kiwapl;lhHfs;. kdpj chpikfs;

fz;fhzpg;gfk; NeHfhzy; nra;j gy tPl;Lg; gzpg;ngz;fs; kw;Wk;

murrhHgw;w ];jhgd nraw;ghl;lhsHfs; ,yq;if tPl;Lg; gzpahsHfspd;

ghypay; njhy;iy kw;Wk; jhf;Fjy;fis gpujhd

fhprdj;jpw;Fhpanjhd;whf ,dk; fz;Ls;sdH.

tPl;Lg; gzpahsHfs; gytifahd ghypay; njhy;iyfis mDgtpj;jdH.

ghypay; njhy;iyfs; mNefk; ghYwTf;fhd Nfhhpf;iffs; kw;Wk; Njitaw;w

ghypay; Nahridfs; Nghd;w tbtq;fisf; nfhz;bUe;jd. “v[khd; vd;NdhL gLf;f tpUk;gpdhH”> vd rT+jp mNugpahtpy; gzpGhpAk; xU tPl;Lg; gzpg;ngz;

jdJ Ntiy nfhs;Nthiug; gw;wpf; $wpdhH. “%d;W ehl;fshf vdJ v[khd;


etk;gH 1> 2006.

75

vd;dplk; te;J mtdJ Mirf;F ,zq;FkhW vd;idj; J}z;bdhH. cdJ

kidtpaplk; ,jidr; nrhy;Ntd;” vd;W ehd; $wpNdd;. “nrhy;thahdhy; cd;id ehd; nfhd;W tpLNtd;” vd mtd; $wpdhd;. “vd;id mtdJ

miwf;F tUk;gb Nfl;lhd;> Mdhy; ehd; kWj;J tpl;Nld;”213

rpy tPl;Lg; gzpg;ngz;fs; ghypay; njhy;iyfs; vt;tpjk; xU tpNuhjkhd

Ntiyr; #oiy cUthf;fp jq;fsJ gzpahw;Wk; jpwid ghjpj;jJ gw;wp

tpghpj;jdH. 27 tajhd lgps;A+. rhksp $Wifapy;> “,uz;L kfd;fSNk...

jq;fs; cilfisf; fise;J tpl;L jq;fs; clk;ig vdf;F

ntspf;fhl;LthHfs;....... mtHfs; jq;fs; fhw;rl;iliaf; fistH> jq;fs;

ifalf;fj; njhiyNgrpapy; epHthzkhd ngz;fspd; glq;fis

itj;jpUf;fpwhHfs;. mjid vdf;Ff; fhl;LthHfs;..... mtHfs; te;J vd;idj;

njhLthHfs;. vd;dhy; mg;gb Ntiy nra;aKbahJ”214

gy ngz;fs; ghypay; njhy;iyfs; kw;Wk; jhf;Fjy;fs; kPz;Lk; kPz;Lk;

eilngWtjhf njhptpj;jJld; jq;fsJ Jd;gk;> kdTisr;ry; kw;Wk;

mr;rTzHT fisAk; tpghpj;jdH. rT+jp mNugpahtpy; gzpahw;wpa xU

ngz; $Wifapy;> “gy jlitfs; v[khdpd; ,uz;L kfd;fSk; vdJ

cilfisf; fise;J tpl;L jq;fs; ez;gHfSld; NrHe;J vd;idj;

Jd;GWj;jpdH.... mtHfs; vd;id jdpj;J ,Ug;gjw;F mDkjpf;ftpy;iy. ,jid

mtHfs; gy jlitfs; nra;jdH... ,utpy; ehd; J}q;fpf; nfhz;bUf;ifapy;>

xUtd; kw;wtHfs; J}q;fpf; nfhz;bUf;Fk; NghJ vdJ miwf;F tUthd;”215

26 tajhd lgps;A+. nry;tFkhhp vd;Dk; gzpg;ngz; jhd; rT+jp mNugpahtpy;

xd;gJ khjq;fshf njhlHe;j ghypay; njhy;iyfis nghWj;Jf; nfhz;ljhf

$wpdhH.

cl;gf;fkhf jhsplf; $ba miw vdf;F ,Uf;ftpy;iy. vdJ

v[khd; ngUk; Njhw;wk; nfhz;ltd;> mtd; vd;id njhLtjw;F

Kaw;rpg;ghd;... mtdJ kfDk; mjidNa nra;a Kaw;rpj;jhd;.

“ehd; nghyprpw;Fr; nry;Ntd;” vd mtdplk; ehd; $wpNdd;...

vdf;nfd xU miwapUf;ftpy;iy. me;j tPl;by; vdf;nfhU rpwpa

,lKs;sJ. mq;F Nkyjpfkhf xU nkj;ijAs;sJ. me;j ,lj;jpy;

ehd; J}q;FNtd;. fjit vd;dhy; G+l;ltpayhJ... mtd; jdJ

ifia tpl;L vdJ khHgfj;ij njhl Kaw;rpg;ghd;...

213 [p. FkhhpAldhd kdpj chpikfs; fz;fhzpg;gfj;jpd; NeHfhzy;> wpahj;> rT+jp mNugpah>

brk;gH 6> 2006.

214 lgps;A+. rhkspAldhd kdpj chpikfs; fz;fhzpg;gfj;jpd; NeHfhzy;> wpahj;<> rT+jp


215 gp. kPdhTldhd kdpj chpikfs; fz;fhzpg;gfj;jpd; NeHfhzy;. jythf;fiy> ,yq;if>

etk;gH 12> 2006.

76

gyjlitfs; mtd; vd;id ,t;tpjk; njhLtjw;F Kaw;rpj;jhd;. ehd;

J}q;Fk;nghOJ mtd; miwf;Fs; te;J jdJ fhw;rl;iliaf;

fisthd;. ,jid mtd; vg;nghOJk; nra;tjw;F Kaw;rpj;jhd;. ehd;

gaj;jpdhy; nkj;ijapd; XH %iyapy; cl;fhHe;jpUg;Ngd;. “vd;id

fz;L eP gag;glj; Njitapy;iynad mtd; nrhd;dhd;. ,jid

mtd; xd;gJ khjq;fshf kPz;Lk; kPz;Lk; nra;jhd;.216

kdpj chpikfs; fz;fhzpg;gfj;jpw;F xU tPl;Lg; gzpg;ngz; $Wifapy;>

nygdhdpy; mtH gzpGhpe;j tPl;bd; v[khd; jd;idg; gpbj;jJ gw;wp $wpdhH.

“v[khd; vdJ miwf;F te;jhd;........... tPl;by; mtuJ kfidj; jtpu NtW

vtUkpUf;ftpy;iy............. vd;idg; gpbj;J vdJ khHgfj;ijj; njhLtjw;F

Kaw;rpj;jhd;. ehd; mtdplk;> ,q;F ehd; cd;Dld; el;ghf ,Ug;gjw;F

tutpy;iy. ,q;F rk;ghjpj;J xU tPL fl;Ltjw;fhfNt te;Njd;” vd;W $wpNdd;.

217 Vida tPl;Lg; gzpahsHfs; njhptpf;ifapy; mtHfs; mDgtpj;j

ghypay; njhy;iyfs;> ghYwTf;F ntFkjpahf gzf; nfhLg;gdT nra;a

Kd;te;jikiaAk; cs;slf;fpapUe;jJ.218

ehk; NeHfhzy; nra;j ngz;fSs; ItH jhk; gzpGhpe;j ,lq;fspy; jq;fsJ

Ntiy nfhs;Nthuhy; my;yJ tPl;bypUe;j VidatHfshy; ghypay;

ty;YwTf;Fs;shf;fg; gl;ljhf njhptpj;jdH. 32 tajhd Nf. mte;jp mtuJ

mDgtj;ij ehq;fs; njhptpg;gjw;F mDkjpj;jhH: “vdJ v[khd; gyjlitfs;

vd;id mZfpdhH> Mdhy; ehd; kWj;J tpl;Nld;. mtdJ kidtp mbf;fb

ntspNa nrd;W tpLths;. xU ,uT mtd; rikayiwf;F te;J clYwT

itj;Jf; nfhs;tjw;F mioj;jhd;. ehd; kWj;Njd;. mtd; gyhj;fhukhf

vd;id mile;jhd;. ehd; fHg;gKw;W vl;liu khjkhf ,Uf;Fk; nghONj



217 MH. rjpAldhd kdpj chpikfs; fz;fhzpg;gfj;jpd; NeHfhzy;> ghze;Jiw> ,yq;if>

etk;gH 19> 2006.

218 ngz;fSf;nfjpuhd ghugl;rq;fis ,y;yhnjhopj;jy; kPjhd If;fpa ehLfs; FOtpw;fika>

ghypay; njhy;iynad;gJ> “tpUk;gg;glhj ghypay; vz;zq; nfhz;l cly; hPjpahd njhlHGfs;

kw;Wk; neUf;fk;> ghypay; mHj;jk; nfhz;l Fwpg;Gf;fs;> ghYzHitj; J}z;Lk; glq;fisf;

fhl;Ljy; kw;Wk; thHj;ij my;yJ nray;fs; %ykhd ghypay; Nfhhpf;if vd;gtw;iw

cs;slf;Ffpd;wd. ,e;j elj;ijfs; mtkhdj;jpw;FhpaitahfTk;> MNuhf;fpak; kw;Wk;

ghJfhg;G gpur;rpidfis cUthf;FgitahfTk;> ngz; jdJ kWg;G my;yJ Ml;Nrgid

vd;git Ml;NrHg;G> gjtpAaHT my;yJ njhopy; nra;tjw;F tpNuhjkhd #oiy Vw;gLj;Jjy;

cl;gl mtuJ njhopy; njhlHghf mD$ykw;wjhf ,Uf;Fnkd epahaG+Htkhf ek;Gk;

gl;rj;jpy; mJ ghugl;rj;jpw;FhpaJ vdf fUjg;gLk;.” ngz;fSf;nfjpuhd ghugl;rq;fis

,y;yhnjhopj;jy; kPjhd If;fpa ehLfspd; FO (CEDAW)> nghJg; ghpe;Jiufs; 19>

ngz;fSf;nfjpuhd td;Kiw (11tJ mkHT> 1992)> kdpj chpikfs; cld;gbf;if

mikg;Gfshy; Vw;Wf;nfhs;sg;gl;l nghJf;Fwpg;Gf;fs; kw;Wk; nghJg; ghpe;Jiufspd;

,zf;fg;ghL. UN Doc.HRI/Gen/1/Rev.1(1994), p.84, paras.17-18.

77

VidNahH ,jid mwpe;jdH”.219 lgps;A+. rhksp> rT+jp mNugpahtpy; jd;id

jdJ Ntiynfhs;Nthhpd; kfd; ghypay; ty;YwTf;Fl; gLj;jpajhff; $wpdhH.

jpBnud mtd; vd;id fl;baizj;jhd;. ehd; mtid

ifapypUe;j ,Uk;ghy; mbj;Njd;> mtd; ,Uk;igg; gwpj;J

tPrpnawpe;J tpl;L vdJ ifiag; gpbj;J XH jdpahd

miwf;F ,Oj;Jg; Nghdhd;. mtd; vd;id epyj;jpy; js;sp vd;

cilfs; vy;yhtw;iwAk; fise;jhd;. vd;id

ty;YwTf;Fs;shf;fpdhd;. vd;dhy; vOk;g Kbatpy;iy> ehd;

kpfTk; gytPdkhf czHe;Njd;.220

Nrhuk; Nghjy; kw;Wk; kzkhfhjtHfSldhd clYwTfs; vd;gd rT+jp

mNugpah> Fitj;> nygdhd; kw;Wk; If;fpa muGfs; ,uhr;rpaj;jpy; Fw;wtpay;

Fw;wq;fshf;fg;gl;bUg;gjhy; ty;YwTfshy; ghjpf;fg;gl;ltHfs;> ty;YwTf;fhd

rhd;Wfis ep&gpf;f KbahJ Nghdhy; jLj;J itf;fg;gly;> Fw;wQ; rhl;lg;gly;

kw;Wk; jz;lid Nghd;wtw;wpw;F Kfk; nfhLf;f Ntz;bNaw;glyhk;. 32 taJ>

tPl;Lg; gzpg;ngz;zhd Nf. mke;jp> jdJ Ntiynfhs;Nthhpd; ty;Ywtpd;

tpisthy; cUthfpa Foe;ijiag; gpurtpj;jNghJ rT+jp mjpfhhpfs; jd;idf;

ifJ nra;jjhf $wpdhH. mtH $Wifapy;> “ ,e;j tof;F ePjpkd;Wf;F nfhz;L nry;yg;gl;L mq;F mtHfs; $Wifapy;.... ‘,q;Nf njhopy; nra;tjw;fhf te;j ePnahU Fw;wk; nra;Js;sha;’ vd njhptpj;jdH. mjw;F

ehd;> ehd; Fw;wk; nra;atpy;iy> v[khNd Fw;wk; nra;jjhff; $wpNdd;”.221 Njitg;gLfpd;w rhl;rpfspd; juq;fis rkHg;gpf;f Kbahjjpdhy; mke;jp xd;gJ

khjq;fs; rpiwailf;fg;gl;lhH. ghypay; td;Kiwf; Fw;wq;fs; jdpg;gl;l

ePjpkd;w KiwfspNyNa mjpfk; tprhuiz nra;ag;gLtjpdhy; mit

ntspehl;Lg; ngz;gzpahsH kw;Wk; cs;@H Mz; Ntiynfhs;Nthhpd;

Kuz;ghlhd $w;Wf;fisNa mjpfk; nfhz;bUg;gJld;> nghJthf tof;fpy;

rhl;rpaq;fspd; Iag;ghl;bYs;s ed;ikia cs;@H Mz; Ntiynfhs;NthUf;Nf

ePjpkd;wk; toq;Ffpd;wJ.

$ba Ntiyg;gS kw;Wk; Xa;tpd;wpa ePz;l NtiyNeuq;fs;

mjpfhiy 3.30 kzpf;F J}q;Ftjw;Fg; NghdhYk;... fhiy 5.30

kzpf;Nf gLf;ifia tpl;L ehd; vOk;gpahf Ntz;Lk;... es;spuT

219 Nf. mke;jpAldhd kdpj chpikfs; fz;fhzpg;gfj;jpd; NeHfhzy;. fl;Lehaf;f> ,yq;if>

etk;gH 1> 2006.

220 lgps;A+. rhkspAldhd kdpj chpikfs; fz;fhzpg;gfj;jpd; NeHfhzy;> wpahj;> rT+jp

mNugpah> etk;gH 14> 2006.

221 Nf. mke;jpAldhd kdpj chpikfs; fz;fhzpg;gfj;jpd; NeHfhzy;> fl;Lehaf;f> ,yq;if>

etk;gH 1> 2006.

78

1 kzptiu.... rpy rkaq;fspy; mjpfhiy 3 kzptiu$l

njhlHr;rpahf NtiyapUf;Fk;. xU jlit vdJ v[khdpaplk;>

“ehDk; cq;fisg; NghyNt xU kD\p> vdf;Fk; rpwpJ Xa;T

Ntz;Lk;” vd;W $wpNdd;. mjw;F me;jg; ngz;> eP ,q;F Ntiy

nra;tjw;Nf te;jpUf;fpwha;: eP vdJ fhyzpiag; Nghd;wts;> eP

Xa;T xopr;rypd;wp Ntiy nra;aNtz;Lk;”> vd;W $wpdhH.222

—Fkhhp ,e;Jepy;> taJ 23> Kd;G Fitj;jpy; tPl;Lg;

gzpg;ngz;zhf gzpGhpe;jtH.

xU tPl;Lg; gzpg;ngz;zpd; ehshe;j Ntiyg;gS mNefk; ,ilntspapy;yhky;

my;yJ xU tiuaiwapy;yhky; mtuJ Ntiynfhs;Nthhpd; tPL my;yJ

tPLfspd; cl;Gwk; kw;Wk; ntspNa cl;gl $l;Ljy;> J}rfw;wy;> Jilj;jy;> J}R

jl;Ljy;> Fspayiwfisr; Rj;jQ; nra;jy;> tPl;bd; ntspg;Gwq;fisf; fOTjy;>

Njhl;lj;ijj; Jg;guT nra;jy; kw;Wk; ad;dy;fisf; fOTjy;@ ehnshd;Wf;fhd

3 Ntis czT jahhpj;jy;> tPl;L cWg;gpdHfs; Nfl;lJk; rpw;Wz;b tiffis

jahH nra;jy;> tPl;L cWg;gpdHfs; midtuJk; cilfisf; fOtp ,];jphp

NghLjy;> rpWtHfspd; gy;NtW Njitfisf; ftdpj;jy; vd;git cl;gl>

rpWFoe;ijfSf;Fg; guhkhpg;G toq;Fjy;> gps;isfisg; ghlrhiyf;F

mioj;Jg; Ngha; gpd;dh; mioj;J tUjy;> mtHfSf;F czT+l;Ljy;>

Fspg;ghl;Ljy;> J}q;fg; gz;Zjy;> taJte;jtHfs; my;yJ RftPdkhdtHfs;

my;yJ tyJ Fiwe;j FLk;g cWg;gpdHfisg; guhkhpj;jy;@ kw;Wk; FLk;g

thfdq;fisf; fOtpj; Jilj;jy; cl;gl;l gy Ntiyfis ftdpj;jy;

Ntz;Lk;. ,e;j mwpf;iff;fhf NeHfhzg;gl;l ngUk;ghyhd tPl;Lg;

gzpg;ngz;fs; kpFe;j Ntiyg;gS Fwpj;J Kiwapl;ldH. rpyrkaq;fspy; nghpa

FLk;gq;fs; xd;whf thOk; gy khb tPLfspy; jdpnahU tPl;Lg; gzpahsuhf

gzpahw;w Ntz;bNaw;gLfpwJ. v]; ghj;jpkh> rT+jp mNugpahtpy; jdJ

Ntiyg;gS gw;wp tpghpf;ifapy;:

ehd; rikf;f Ntz;Lk;> tPl;by; NkYk; fPOk; Rj;jg;gLj;Jjy;

Ntz;Lk;> cLg;Gf;fisf; fOtp ,];jphp NghLjy; Ntz;Lk;>

epyj;ijf; fOtp Jilj;jy; Ntz;Lk;> mj;Jld; me;j tPl;by; ehd;

kl;LNk xU gzpahsH vd;gjhy; tPl;by; mNefH gq;Fnfhs;Sk;

tpUe;JfSf;Fk; rikj;jy; Ntz;Lk;.... me;jf; filrp tPl;by;

rpy ,sk; ngz;fs; kw;Wk; ntspNa elkhl Kbahj xU

tNahjpg khJ cl;gl vl;L NgH ,Ue;jhHfs;. tNahjpgg;

ngz;iz Fspg;gjw;F mioj;Jr; nrd;W Fspg;ghl;b czT+l;l

Ntz;Lk;. Ntiyg;gS... kpf mjpfk;. ehd; rikj;J gpd;dH vl;L

Fspayiwfisr; Rj;jg;gLj;j Ntz;Lk;. ,t;tsT nra;Jk;

v[khdp ehd; mijr; nra;atpy;iy> ,ijr; nra;atpy;iynad

222 Fkhhp ,e;Jepy; cldhd kdpj chpikfs; fz;fhzpg;gfj;jpd; NeHfhzy;>(Ntz;LNfhspd;gb

79

Fiw tPl;bd; RtHfisf; fOTjy; Ntz;Lk;> ,ijtpl tPl;bd;

gpd;Gwj;ijAk; jpdKk; Rj;jg;gLj;j Ntz;Lnkd v[khdp $wpdhH.

ehd; toikahf fhiy 5 kzpf;F vOk;gp ,uT 11 kzpf;F

gLf;iff;Fr; nry;Ntd;. tPl;by; tpUe;J itgtq;fs; VJkpUg;gpd;

ehd; gLf;iff;Fg; Nghf ,uT 12 kzp my;yJ mjw;F

NkyhfptpLk;. v[khdp ehd; Xa;ntLg;gjw;fhd mtfhrj;jpid

juNtapy;iy> mtUf;F vg;nghOJk; ehd; Ntiy nra;J

nfhz;NlapUf;f Ntz;Lk;.223

kdpj chpikfs; fz;fhzpg;gfj;jpw;F> ,g;ngz;fs; jhk; ehnshd;Wf;F 16-18

kzpj;jpahyq;fs;> rpyH jpdKk; 21 kzpj;jpahyq;fs; tiu> thuj;jpd; VO

ehl;fSk; Xa;T ehNsh my;yJ tpLKiwNah ,d;wp Ntiy nra;tjhff;

$wpdhHfs;. ePz;l kzpj;jpahyq;fs; Ntiy nra;tjhy; mNefkhd tPl;Lg;

gzpahsHfs; epj;jpiu ,d;ikahy; mtjpg;gl;lhHfs;. xU rpy tpjptpyf;Ffis

tpl> ,e;j tPl;Lg; gzpahsHfs; xUehs; $l Xa;tpd;wp> rpy rkaq;fspy; tUlf;

fzf;fpy; Ntiy nra;jdH. mNefkhd gzpahsHfs; jq;fs; njhopy;

xg;ge;jj;jpy; Xa;Tehs; gw;wp VJk; cs;slf;fg;gltpy;iy vd;W $wpdhHfs;.

mj;Jld; rpyUf;F jq;fs; njhopy; xg;ge;jq;fs; Xa;T ehl;fSf;Fhpa Vw;ghLfs;

VNjidAk; nfhz;Ls;sdth vd;gJ $l njhpahjpUe;jdH. nygdhdpy; xd;wiu

tUlfhykhf xUehs; $l Xa;tpd;wpg; gzpahw;wpa xU tPl;Lg; gzpg;ngz;> kdpj

chpikfs; fz;fhzpg;gfj;jpw;F $Wifapy;> “vdJ Ntiyf;fhyk; KOtjpYNk

vdf;F Xa;Tehs; ,Uf;ftpy;iy”224 vd;whH.

ehq;fs; NeHfhzy; nra;j ngUk;ghyhd tPl;Lg; gzpahsHfs; Ntiy nra;Ak;

ehl;fspd; NghJ Xa;Tf;nfd ve;jnthU Fwpg;gpl;l NeuKkpd;wp gzpahw;wpdH.

cjhuzkhf> v];. kNdhwQ;rdp> mGjhgpapy; 24 NgH nfhz;l xU FLk;gj;jpy;

jdpnahU gzpahsuhf gzpahw;wpAs;shH. mtH xU Foe;ij cl;gl 13

rpWtHfisg; guhkhpj;Js;shH> fhiy 5 kzpapypUe;J ,uT 11 kzptiu

jpdKk; xUehs; $l Xa;tpd;wpAk; xUehs; nghOjpd; ,ilapy; $l rpwpJ Neuk;

Xa;ntLf;f mDkjpf;fg;glhJ gzpahw;wpdhH. mtH $Wifapy;> “vdJ clNyh

rpwpJ Xa;Tf;fhf nfQ;rpaJ> Mdhy; ehd; mjw;F mDkjpf;fg;gltpy;iy.”225 rT+jp mNugpahtpy; gzp GhpAk; xU gzpg;ngz; ,t;thW $wpdhH> “ehd; rw;W Neuk; ,ilNtis vLj;J cl;fhHe;jpUf;ff; $l KbahJ> vdf;F epj;jpiuf;Fr;

nry;y Neukpy;iy> foptiwf;Ff; $l nry;y vdf;F

223 v];. ghj;jpkhTldhd kdpj chpikfs; fz;fhzpg;gfj;jpd; NeHfhzy;. `guhJt> ,yq;if>

etk;gH 14> 2006.

224 tp. epky;fhTldhd kdpj chpikfs; fz;fhzpg;gfj;jpd; NeHfhzy;. FUehfy;> ,yq;if>

etk;gH 4> 2006.

225 v];. kNdhwQ;rdpAldhd kdpj chpikfs; fz;fhzpg;gfj;jpd; NeHfhzy;.


80

Neuk; ,Ug;gjpy;iy.”226 kw;WnkhU gzpg;ngz; vq;fspw;Ff; $Wifapy;>

“nygdhdpy; vdJ Ntiynfhs;NthHfs; ehd; ,Ug;gjw;Ff; $l mDkjpf;f

khl;lhHfs;> ehd; vg;nghOJk; epd;W nfhz;L ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk;”.227 Kg;gj;jhW

tajhd vg;. E}H> Fitj;jpy; jhd; 20 NgHfSf;fhd rikay; kw;Wk; Jitj;jy;

vd Ntiyr;RikNahL NghuhbdhYk; $l mtuJ Ntiynfhs;NthHfs;

Xa;ntLg;gjw;F mDkjpf;ftpy;iynadf; $wpdhH. mtuJ xNunahU Xa;T

Neukhf Fspayiwapy; ahUf;Fk; njhpahky; Nkw;nfhs;Sk; rpwpa J}f;fq;fs;

kl;LNk ,Ue;jd.228

wk;rhd; Nehd;Gf; fhyj;jpd;NghJ mtHfspd; Ntiy nra;Ak; Neuq;fs;

$Ljyhf ,Ug;gjhf rpy ngz;fs; njhptpj;jdH. tPl;Lg; gzpg;ngz;fs;

toikNghy Neuk; fopj;J Ntiy nra;Jtpl;L> #hpad; cjakhtjw;F Kd;ghf

mtHfsJ Ntiy nfhs;NthHfs; czT cl;nfhs;tjw;F VJthf

mjpfhiyapNyNa J}f;fj;jpypUe;J vOk;g Ntz;bapUe;jJ.

mNefkhd ,uTg;nghOJ KOtJk; Ntiy nra;jhYk; $l> gzpahsHfs;

mjw;F <lhf gfy; nghOjpy; Xa;TNeuk; toq;Ftjpy;iy. wk;rhd; khjj;jpy;

ePbj;j Ntiy Neuq;fs; fhuzkhf epj;jpiuapd;ikia mDgtpg;gjhf ngz;

gzpahsHfs; njhptpj;jdH. “Nehd;Gf; fhyj;jpd;NghJ (wk;rhd;)> ehd; mjpfk;

Ntiy nra;a Ntz;Lk;. rpyrkak; ,uT> gfnyd KOehSNk tpopj;jpUf;f

Ntz;bapUf;Fk;”.229 ,d;ndhU ngz; $Wifapy;> “xUkhj fhyk; ePz;l wk;rhd;

my;yJ ngUehs; fhyj;jpd;NghJ ehd; gpd;dpuT 2.30 kzpf;Fj; J}q;Ftjw;Fg;

Ngha; mjpfhiy 3.30f;F epj;jpiuahy; vOk;GNtd;: xU kzpj;jpahyk; kl;LNk

J}q;fpNdd;......... ehd; mjpfhiy 3.30f;Nf vOk;Gjy; Ntz;Lk;> Vnddpy;

wk;rhdpd;NghJ mtHfs; fhiy 5.15f;Nf czT cl;nfhs;thHfs;”>230 vd;whH. vd;. ck;K vDk; gzpg;ngz; $Wifapy;> wk;rhdpd;NghJ Lghapy; Ntiy

mjpfhpf;Fk; vd;whH. mtH $wpdhH> “Lgha; Ntiy fbdk;> Vnddpy; ehd;

mjpfhiy 4 kzpf;F J}f;fj;jpypUe;J vOk;g Ntz;Lk;. mj;Jld; ,uT 10

kzpf;F Ntiy KbAk;tiu tpopj;jpUf;f Ntz;Lk;. vdf;F Xa;ntLg;gjw;Nfh

my;yJ J}q;Ftjw;Nfh Neuk; ,Uf;ftpy;iy> uk;ohd; fhyj;jpy; es;spuT 12

kzptiu vd;dhy; J}q;f KbahJ......uk;ohd; ngUehs; fhyq;fspy; Lghapy;

226 N[. N`ke;jpAldhd kdpj chpikfs; fz;fhzpg;gfj;jpd; NeHfhzy;. wpahj;> rT+jp


227 vd;. nkdpf;NfAldhd kdpj chpikfs; fz;fhzpg;gfj;jpd; NeHfhzy;.

wk;Gf;fiz> ,yq;if> etk;gH 6> 2006.

228 vg;. E}Uldhd kdpj chpikfs; fz;fhzpg;gfj;jpd; NeHfhzy;. mj;jdfy;y> ,yq;if>

etk;gH 8> 2006.

229 re;jpuh ky;fhe;jpAldhd kdpj chpikfs; fz;fhzpg;gfj;jpd; NeHfhzy;.


230 v];. Nrghypf;fhTldhd kdpj chpikfs; fz;fhzpg;gfj;jpd; NeHfhzy;.


81

Ntiy nra;tJ kpfTk; f\;lk;. jpdKk; Nehd;ig Kbj;Jf; nfhs;tjw;fhf

Mz;fs; kw;Wk; ngz;fSf;F jdpj;jdpahf czitj; jahhpf;f

Ntz;Lnkd;gjhy;> vdf;F mJ ngUk; Ntiyg;gSthf ,Ue;jJ.”231

rpy gzpg;ngz;fs;> Fwpg;ghf rpWtHfisg; guhkhpf;Fk; nghWg;igAk;

nfhz;bUg;gtHfs; njhlHe;Jk; miof;fg;gl;lgbNa ,Ug;ghHfs;> mtHfsJ

Ntiy nfhs;NthHfs; ,g;gzpg;ngz;fs; es;sputpYk; Ntiy nra;tjw;F

jahuhf ,Uf;f Ntz;Lnkd vjpHghHg;ghh;fs;. Fitj;jpy; gzpahw;wpa xU

ngz; $Wifapy;> “mtHfsJ Foe;ij vd;DlNdNa toikahfg;

gLf;Fk;. ,utpy; Foe;ijia vOg;gp mjw;Fj; Njitahdtw;iwr;

nra;tjpypUe;J Foe;ijia ehd; guhkhpf;f Ntz;Lk;. xd;gJ tUlq;fspy; xU

ehs; Xa;T$l vdf;F ,Uf;ftpy;iy.”232 ,d;DnkhU gzpg;ngz; $Wifapy;>

“ehd; mjpfhiy 3.30 kzpf;F gLf;iff;Fr; nrd;whYk; fhiy 5.45 tiu

Kopj;jpUg;Ngd;. mtHfSf;F VNjDk; Njitnad;why; ve;jNtisapYk; te;J

vdJ miwf; fjtpidj; jl;LthHfs;>”233 vd;whH. Xa;T NeuNkh> Xa;T

ehNsh ,d;wp mjpfhiy 1 kzptiu Ntiy nra;j kw;WnkhU gzpg;ngz;

$Wifapy;> “ehd; gLf;iff;Fr; nrd;Wtpl;lhYk; $l> es;sputpy; tPl;L v[khdp

vd; miwf; fjtpidj; jl;b v[khdpw;fhf czT jahhpf;Fk;gb nrhy;YthH.

v[khd; ,uT J}q;fhJ gbj;Jf; nfhz;bUg;ghH. fhiyapy; $l rpwpJ Neuk;

J}q;f KbahJ> Vnddpy; tPl;bYs;s 3 khjf; Foe;ijiar; rhpahf fhiy 6

kzpf;F v[khdp vdJ miwapy; nfhz;L te;J tpl;LtpLthH.234

rpy re;jHg;gq;fspy; tPl;Lg; gzpahsHfs; RftPdKw;Nwh my;yJ

Ntiyfspd;NghJ fhakile;jhy; $l Xa;ntLg;gjw;F Ntiynfhs;NthH

mDkjpg;gjpy;iy. If;fpa muGfs; ,uhr;rpaj;jpd; mGjhgpapy; gzpGhpe;j xU

gzpg;ngz; $Wifapy;> “ehd; RftPdkhf czUk; nghOnjy;yhk; v[khdp

vd;id VRtjw;Fj; njhlq;fp tpLthH> ‘eP ,q;Nf Ntiy nra;a te;jpUf;fpwha;>

Xa;ntLg;gjw;fpy;iy> vdNt Ntiyiar; nra;’ vd;W fj;Jths;. mj;Jld; ehd;

itj;jpaiug; ghHf;f Ntz;Lnkdf; Nfl;Fk; nghOnjy;yhk; mjw;F mtHfs;

kWj;JtpLthHfs;” vd;whH.235 kw;WnkhU rk;gtj;jpy; Nf. jkae;jp vDk;

231 vd;. ck;KTldhd kdpj chpikfs; fz;fhzpg;gfj;jpd; NeHfhzy;. `guhJt> ,yq;if>

etk;gH 14> 2006.

232 gp. rhe;jpAldhd kdpj chpikfs; fz;fhzpg;gfj;jpd; NeHfhzy;. wk;Gf;fiz> ,yq;if>

etk;gH 6> 2006.

233 b. NrhgdpAldhd kdpj chpikfs; fz;fhzpg;gfj;jpd; NeHfhzy;. fz;b> ,yq;if>

etk;gH 10> 2006.

234 V. ck;KTldhd kdpj chpikfs; fz;fhzpg;gfj;jpd; NeHfhzy;. mj;jdfy> ,yq;if>

etk;gH 8> 2006.



82

gzpg;ngz; $Wifapy;> jhd; Ntiy nra;ifapy; fhaKw;wNghJ xU

itj;jpaiur; nrd;W ghHg;gjw;F yPT mDkjpf;f Ntiynfhs;NthHfs; kWj;J

tpl;ljhff; $wpdhH: ehd; rikaypy; <LgLk; nghONj mtHfsJ

Foe;ijfisAk; ftdpj;jy; Ntz;Lk;. ehd; mLg;gpy; VNjhnthd;iwg;

nghhpj;jgbNa Foe;ijiaAk; ftdpj;Jf; nfhz;bUe;Njd;> mg;nghOJ

jw;nrayhf nfhjpf;Fk; vz;nzapd; rpy Jspfs; vd; fz;fspy; gl;Ltpl;ld....

MW ehl;fshf vdJ fz;fs; rpte;J Ngha; fhzg;gl;ld. vd;id itj;jpahplk;

$l;br; nry;Yk;gb Ntz;bNdd;> Mdhy; v[khdpNah ehd; Ntiyia Kbj;jhf

Ntz;Lnkdf; $wpdhH – tPl;bYs;s 21 NgHfspdJ cilfSf;F ehd; ,];jphp

Nghl Ntz;bapUe;jnjd;gjhy; itj;jpahplk; nry;tjw;F vdf;F Neuk;

fpilf;fhnjd;W $wpdhH. filrptiu itj;jpaiug; ghHg;gjw;F ehd;

mDkjpf;fg;glNtapy;iy vd;whH.”236

tPl;Lg; gzpahsHfs; xd;Wf;F Nkw;gl;l tPLfspy; 2-8 tiuahd FLk;g

cWg;gpdHfSf;F ve;jtpj Nkyjpf nfhLg;gdTkpd;wp flikfs; nra;Ak;

rk;gtq;fis kdpj chpikfs; fz;fhzpg;gfk; gjpT nra;jJ. nygdhdpy;>

gzpg;ngz; xUthpd; Ntiynfhs;NthH jdJ tPl;L NtiyfSf;F Nkyjpfkhf

jdJ tsHe;j gps;isfs; VO NgUila tPl;L Ntiyfisr; nra;tjw;fhfTk;

jdJ gzpg;ngz;iz mDg;gp itj;jhH.237 ,d;DnkhU gzpg;ngz; $Wifapy;>

nygdhdpy; jdJ xg;ge;jfhy Muk;gj;jpy;> “vdJ v[khdp tPl;L Ntiyfis

tpiuthf Kbf;Fk;gb$WthH> gpd;dH vd;id mtuJ rNfhjhp tPl;bw;F

mioj;J te;J Ntiy nra;Ak;gb nrhy;thH............... ,t;tpjk; ehd; ehd;F

ntt;NtW tPLfspy; ve;jtpj Nkyjpf nfhLg;gdTkpd;wp Ntiy

nra;Njd;. ,jw;fhf vdJ Ntiyfis tpiuthfr; nra;a Ntz;bapUe;jJ.”238

czT kWf;fg;gLjy; kw;Wk; Nghjpa trjpfsw;w tho;f;if

epiyikfs;

vdf;F rhpahf czT jug;gltpy;iy. mtHfs; midj;ijAk;

mYkhhpapy; itj;Jg; G+l;bdhHfs;... v[khdp vdf;F xUjlit

kl;LNk NrhW toq;fpdhH. mth; vdf;F fhiy czNth

my;yJ ,uT czNth toq;Ftjpy;iy. mtH mYkhhpfs;

vy;yhtw;iwAk; G+l;b tpLtJld; rhg;ghl;bid vLj;Jr; nrd;W

236 lgps;A+. mre;jpfhTldhd kdpj chpikfs; fz;fhzpg;gfj;jpd; NeHfhzy;.


237 vd;. nkdpf;NfAldhd kdpj chpikfs; fz;fhzpg;gfj;jpd; NeHfhzy;.

wk;Gf;fiz> ,yq;if> etk;gH 6> 2006.

238 MH. rj;jpAldhd kdpj chpikfs; fz;fhzpg;gfj;jpd; NeHfhzy;. ghze;Jiw> ,yq;if>

etk;gH 15> 2006.

83

jdJ gLf;if miwapDs; itj;Jg; G+l;b tpLthH.239

—v];. kNdhwQ;rdp> taJ 35> I.m., mGjhgpapy; Kd;dH tPl;Lg;

gzpg;ngz;zhfg; gzpahw;wpatH.

ehd; ,uz;lhtJ jlitahf gzpahw;wpa Ntiynfhs;NthH xU

eha;f;Ff; nfhLg;gJ Nghy gbf;fl;Lfspd; fPOs;s ,lj;jpidNa

ehd; gLj;Jwq;Ftjw;fhf xJf;fpj; je;jdH. ehd; ehay;y> xU

kdpjg;gpwtp.240

—lgps;A+. mre;jpfh> taJ 42> rT+jp mNugpahtpy;

gzpg;ngz;zhf Kd;dH gzpahw;wpatH.

tPl;Lg; gzpahsHfspy; gyH jq;fsJ Ntiynfhs;NthH jq;fSf;F NghJkhd

czitj; ju kWj;jdH my;yJ fPo;j;jukhd jq;Fkpl trjpfisNa

toq;fpajhfj; njhptpj;jdH. tPl;Lg; gzpahsHfsJ xg;ge;jk; toikapy;

Ntiynfhs;NthH czT kw;Wk; NghJkhd jq;Fkpl trjpfs; vd;gtw;iw

fl;lzq;fspd;wp toq;f Ntz;Lnkdj; njhptpf;fpd;wJ.

kdpj chpikfs; fz;fhzpg;gfk; NeHfhzy; nra;j tPl;Lg; gzpahsHfs;>

jq;fsJ Ntiynfhs;NthH jq;fSf;fhd czit kWj;jjhfTk;> rpy

re;jHg;gq;fspy; gOjile;j czTfs;> cz;z Kbahj vQ;rpa czTfs;>

rpwpjsT NrhW my;yJ ghz; my;yJ ehnshd;Wf;F xUNtis czT kl;LNk

toq;fpajhff; Fwpg;gpl;ldH. rpy Ntiynfhs;NthH grpAld; ,Uf;Fk; tPl;Lg;

gzpahsHfsJ czTf;fhd Nkyjpf Ntz;Nfhs;fis kWj;jJld; FspHrhjdg;

ngl;b kw;Wk; rikayiw mYkhhpfs; vd;gtw;iw G+l;b itj;jdH. Ntiy

epiyikfs; gw;wp Kiwapl;ljw;fhf rpy re;jHg;gq;fspy; ehl;fzf;fpy;

czT kWf;fg;gLjy; Nghd;w Kiwfshy; Ntiy nfhs;NthH jk;ikj;

jz;bj;jjhf ,t;tPl;Lg; gzpahsHfs; njhptpj;jdH. rpy re;jHg;gq;fspy; czT

kWf;fg;gLjyp;d; tpisthf jq;fs; cly; epiwfisAk; ,oe;jdH. ,t;tpjkhd

xU rk;gtj;jpy; xU tPl;Lg; gzpg;ngz;> czT kWf;fg;gl;ljpdhy; %d;W

khjj;jpy; jhd; vl;L fpNyhf;fs; tiuapy; (17.6 ,whj;jy;fs;) cly;

epiwia ,oe;jjhff; $wpdhH.241

czT kWf;fg;gLjiy> Fwpg;ghf $ba Ntiyg;gS kw;Wk; ePz;l Ntiy

Neuq;fSld; jhq;fpf; nfhs;tJ rpukkhf ,Ue;jnjd tPl;Lg; gzpahsHfs;



240 lgps;A+. mre;jpfhTldhd kdpj chpikfs; fz;fhzpg;gfj;jpd; NeHfhzy;.


241 vk;. J\hdpAldhd kdpj chpikfs; fz;fhzpg;gfj;jpd; NeHfhzy;> ghze;Jiw> ,yq;if>

etk;gH 15> 2006.

84

$wpdhHfs;. xU tPl;Lg; gzpg;ngz;> kdpj chpikfs; fz;fhzpg;gfj;jpw;F>

mtuJ v[khdp ehnshd;Wf;F xUNtis cztpid kl;LNk toq;fpajhff;

$wpdhH. mtH NkYk; $Wifapy;> “ mtH vdf;F cztspg;gjpy;iy. ehd;

gl;bdpahy; thbNdd;......... mtHfs; vdf;Fg; NghjpasT czT toq;ftpy;iy.

mtHfs; midj;ijAk; G+l;b NkNyNa itj;jhHfs;.... xUNtis czit

kl;LNk khiy Ntisfspy; cl;nfhz;L fLikahf Ntiy nra;Njd;. ehd;

mtHfSf;fhf fLikahf Ntiy nra;Njd;. tPzhff; Fg;igapy; nfhl;Lk;

Nrhw;iw vdf;Fj; ju Ntz;Lnkd mtH Vd; epidf;ftpy;iy? mtiug;

Nghd;Nw vdf;Fk; grpapUe;jJ. mtuJ khjtplha; fhyq;fspd;NghJ mtH

mzpAk; cs;shilfis vdJ ,uz;L iffshYk; Jitj;Jf;

fOtpapUf;fpNwd;. MdhYk; mtH vdf;F czT jUtjw;F vz;ztpy;iy”> vd;whH.

242

kw;WnkhU ngz; KiwapLifapy;> rT+jp mNugpahtpy; mtuJ

Ntiynfhs;NthH jdf;F Nghjpastpyhd cztpid toq;ftpy;iynadf;

$wpdhH> “fhiyr; rhg;ghL fpilahJ> ntWkNd xU Nfhg;ig ntWe; NjePH

kl;LNk jug;gLk;. rl;bapd; mbg;ghfj;jpy; jPa;e;J NghapUf;Fk; vQ;rpa NrhNw

vdf;Fj; jug;gLk;. ,uT Neuj;jpy; kl;Lk; rpy nuhl;bj; Jz;Lfs; vdf;Ff;

fpilf;Fk;”>243 vd;whH. ,d;ndhU gzpg;ngz; Fitj; ehl;bYs;s jdJ

Ntiynfhs;NthH gw;wpf; $Wifapy;> “mtHfs; vdf;F czT je;jhHfs;.

fhiyr; rhg;ghlhf xU Jz;L nuhl;b kl;Lk; kjpaj;jpw;Fg; gpd;dH fpilf;Fk;.

kjpar; rhg;ghL mtHfs; cz;L Kbj;J VJk; vQ;rpapUe;jhy; mjid vdf;Fj;

jUthHfs; my;yJ ehd; gl;bdpapUf;f Ntz;Lk;.... vy;yhNk

mq;fpUe;jd> Mdhy; mitaidj;Jk; G+l;lg;gl;L NkNy itf;fg;gl;bUe;jd.

ehd; vjidAk; cl;nfhs;tjw;F mDkjpf;fg;gltpy;iy. ,uTr;

rhg;ghLk; ,NjNghd;Wjhd;> VNjDk; vQ;rpapUe;jhy; vdf;F cz;zf;

fpilf;Fk;”>244 vd;whH. vk;. rpj;uypah vDk; gzpg;ngz; $Wifapy;> .... cg;Gj;

jz;zPiuNa tbfl;b gUf Ntz;bapUe;jJ. Vnddpy; mtuJ Ntiynfhs;NthH

mtUf;F jz;zPH$l nfhLf;f kWj;jdH. mtH NkYk; $Wifapy; mtuJ

Ntiynfhs;NthH mtUf;Fk; ,yq;ifiar; NrHe;j thfdr; rhujpf;Fk;

gOjile;j czT kw;Wk; fhy;gq;F nuhl;b vd;gtw;iwNa kjpak;

cz;gjw;fhff; nfhLj;jdH vdTk; mjdhy; mtH nfhl;ba czTf;


etk;gH 1> 2006. 243 v];. nghd;dk;khTldhd kdpj chpikfs; fz;fhzpg;gfj;jpd; NeHfhzy;. wpahj;> rT+jp


244 b. NrhgdpAldhd kdpj chpikfs; fz;fhzpg;gfj;jpd; NeHfhzy;. fz;b> ,yq;if>

etk;gH 10> 2006.

85

Fg;igapypUe;J czTg; nghUl;fisg; nghWf;fp cz;zj; njhlq;fpajhfTk;

$wpdhH.245

mNefkhd gzpg;ngz;fs;> jhk; czitj; jpUl Ntz;bapUe;jjhf my;yJ

mDjhgk; nfhz;l maytHfs; my;yJ Ntiynfhs;Nthhpd;

cwtpdHfshy; ,ufrpakhf toq;fg;gLk; czTfis jq;fisf; fhg;ghw;wpf;

nfhs;tjw;fhf Fspayiw Nghd;wtw;wpd; cs;spUe;J ,ufrpakhf

cl;nfhz;ljhf kdpj chpikfs; fz;fhzpg;gfj;jpw;Ff; $wpdH. xU gzpg;ngz;

Fitj; ehl;by; jdJ mDgtj;ijg; gw;wpf; $Wifapy;> “vdJ v[khdp ehd; cz;fpNwdh ,y;iyah vd;gJ gw;wp ftiyg; gLtNjapy;iy............. ehd;

rhg;gpLtjw;fhf czitj; jpUl Ntz;bapUe;jJ. rhg;gplhky; vd;dhy; Ntiy

nra;a KbahJ. v[khdpNah vdf;F czT jUtjpy;iy> MfNt ve;j czT

kpr;rkhf vQ;rpAs;sNjh mjid cz;gjw;fhd XH topia fz;Lgpbf;f

Ntz;bapUe;jJ.”246 v];. Nrghypf;fh vDk; gzpg;ngz; $Wifapy;> “nygdhdpy;

vdJ v[khd;; ehd; cz;gjw;Nfh my;yJ Fbg;gjw;Nfh vdf;F vjidAk;

jUtjpy;iy. MfNt czitj; jpUbNa cz;Nld;. mtHfsplk; epiwa czT

tiffs; ,Ue;jd. Mdhy; mtHfs; vjidAk; vdf;Fj; jUtjpy;iy.

xUjlit> fPNo trpf;Fk; v[khdpd; jhahH tPl;by; gzpGhpAk; kw;nwhU gzpg;

ngz;zplk; vdf;F ,t;tpjk; czT jUtjpy;iynad Kiwapl;Nld;. mjd;

gpd;dH v[khdpd; jhahH vdf;F czT jug;gLtjpy;iynad;gij mwpe;J>

mtH vdf;F ,ufrpakhf czT toq;fpdhH. ehd; ehd;F khjq;fshf

foptiwapypUe;Jjhd; czTfis cl;nfhz;Nld;> vd;whH.”247

kdpj chpikfs; fz;fhzpg;gfk; NeHfhzy; nra;j 25 rjtPjkhd tPl;Lg;

gzpahsHfSf;F NghJkhd jq;Fkpl trjpfs; toq;fg;gltpy;iy. mtHfs;

gbf;fl;Lfspd; fPo;> $lq;fspYs;s topfspy;> tuNtw;giwf; $lq;fspd;

epyj;jpy; my;yJ nghJthd tpLjpfspNyNa gLj;Jwq;f Ntz;bapUe;jJ.

NeHfz;l tPl;Lg; gzpahsHfspy; %tH jq;fsJ cilikfis jq;Fkplj;jpw;F

ntspapNyNa itj;jpUe;jjhff; $wpdhHfs;. rpy re;jHg;gq;fspy; gzpahsHfs;

gLj;Jwq;Ftjw;fhd nkj;ijfs; toq;fg;gLtjpy;iy. mtHfSf;NfhH nky;ypa

ghNa toq;fg;gl;ljhfTk; my;yJ ntWk; epyj;jpNyNa gLj;Jwq;f

Ntz;bapUe;jjhfTk; ,it NghJkhd Vw;ghLfshf ,Uf;ftpy;iynadTk;

mtHfs; $wpdhHfs;.

245 vk;. rpj;uypahTldhd kdpj chpikfs; fz;fhzpg;gfj;jpd; NeHfhzy;.


246 rp. epHkypAldhd kdpj chpikfs; fz;fhzpg;gfj;jpd; NeHfhzy;> fphpghth> ,yq;if>

etk;gH 7> 2006.

247 v];. Nrghypf;fhTldhd kdpj chpikfs; fz;fhzpg;gfj;jpd; NeHfhzy;>


86

mNefkhd tPl;Lg; gzpahsHfs; jq;fSf;nfd jdpahd jq;Fkpl trjpfisf;

nfhz;bUf;ftpy;iy. mtHfs; jq;Ftjw;fhd ,lq;fis

Ntiynfhs;NthUlNdh my;yJ mtHfsJ gps;isfSlNdh gfpHe;J

nfhz;ldH. xU gzpg;ngz; $Wifapy; If;fpa muGfs; ,uhr;rpaj;jpy; Lgha;

efhpy; “jhd; Ntiynfhs;Nthhpd; FLk;gj;NjhL nghpaNjhH gLf;ifaiwapy;

Mz;fs; NtwhfTk;> ngz;fs; NtwhfTk; gLj;J cwq;Ftjhff; $wpdhH. jhd;

mtHfsJ ehd;F ngz; Foe;ijfSlNdNa gLf;Fk; ,lj;ijg; gfpHe;J

nfhz;ljhfTk;> jdf;nfd xU jdpahd ,lkpy;iyahjyhy; jdJ cilfs;

cilikfs; Nghd;wtw;iw ntspapNyNa itj;jjhfTk; $wpdhH.”248 kw;WnkhU

gzpg;ngz;Zk; ,NjNghd;W njhptpj;jhH. “rT+jp mNugpahtpy; vdf;nfd

jdpahdNjhH miwnaJTk; ,Uf;ftpy;iy. me;jf; FLk;gj;jpd;

gps;isfSlNdNa ehDk; gLj;Jwq;fpNdd;. mq;F vdf;F vdJ cLJzpfis

itg;gjw;nfd xU mYkhhp$l ,Uf;ftpy;iy. MfNt vdJ cilfis xU

igapDs;Ns itj;J NjitahdNghJ mtw;wpid cgNahfpj;Njd;. me;j

miwapNy gps;isfs; fl;bypy; cwq;f ehd; epyj;jpy; nkj;ijiag; Nghl;L

mjpy; gLj;Jwq;fpNdd;.”249

gy ngz;fs;> jq;fs; gbf;fl;Lfspd; fPNo ad;dy;fspy;yhj ,lq;fspy; my;yJ

nghUl;fisf; fsQ;rpag;gLj;Jk; miwfspNyNa gLj;Jwq;fpdH. v];. khypdp

vDk; gzpg;ngz; $Wifapy;> “vdf;Fj; jdpahf xU miwapUe;jJ> Mdhy;

mJ XH fsQ;rpa miw NghypUe;jJ. ehd; epyj;jpy; xU NghHitAld;

gLj;Jwq;fpNdd;. miw trjpfsw;w xU ,Ul;liw Nghd;wJ. Nfhil fhyj;jpy;

mjDs; ,Uf;f KbahJ.”250

X> rrpe;jp vDk; gzpg;ngz; rT+jp mNugpahtpy; jhd; Ntiy

nra;j ,U ,lq;fspYNk eil $lj;jpNyNa gLj;Jwq;fpajhf $wpdhH. mtH

kdpj chpikfs; fz;fhzpg;gfj;jpw;Ff; $Wifapy;> “ ehd; rpwpaNjhH ,lj;jpy; rpwpa jiyaizAld; epyj;jpNy xU nkj;ijiag; Nghl;L gLj;Jwq;FNtd;.

cz;ikapy; mJnthU miway;y. mjw;F ,Ugf;fKk; fjTfspUe;jd.

mtw;iw ehd; G+l;bf; nfhz;L cs;Ns gLg;Ngd;. mJ trjpaw;wjhf ,Ue;jJ.

gps;isfs; mjD}lhf Ngha; tUthHfs;. mJ ,U

tPLfSf;fpilNa ,Ue;jJ.”251 rrpe;j gzpahw;wpa kw;iwa ,lj;jpYk; jq;Fkpl

248 vr;. re;jphpfTldhd kdpj chpikfs; fz;fhzpg;gfj;jpd; NeHfhzy;. FUehfy;> ,yq;if>

etk;gH 4> 2006.

249 vy;. mkpHjpdpAldhd kdpj chpikfs; fz;fhzpg;gfj;jpd; NeHfhzy;. ];nfypah> ,yq;if>

etk;gH 13> 2006.

250 v];. khypdpAldhd kdpj chpikfs; fz;fhzpg;gfj;jpd; NeHfhzy;. wpahj;> rT+jp


251 X. rrpe;jpdpAldhd kdpj chpikfs; fz;fhzpg;gfj;jpd; NeHfhzy;. wk;Gf;fiz> ,yq;if>

etk;gH 6> 2006.

87

trjpfspy; Kd;Ndw;wnkJTk; ,Uf;ftpy;iy. “mq;NfAk; ehd; eil

$lnkhd;wpNyNa gLj;Jwq;fpNdd;. mtHfs; XH rpwpa nkj;ijiaNa

gLg;gjw;fhfj; je;jpUe;jhHfs;. mJNghJkhdjy;y. vdf;F msthd xU gioa

nkj;ijia mq;F fz;Nld;. Mdhy; mij mtHfs; ntspapy; tPrpdhHfs;>

vdf;Fj; jutpy;iy. mq;F vdf;nfd;nwhU miwapUf;ftpy;iy@ ehd; vdJ

cilfs;> cilikfs; nfhz;l igia tPl;bw;F ntspNajhd; itj;jpUe;Njd;.

vdf;F VNjDk; Xa;TNeuk; fpilj;jhYk; $l mjid ehd; foptiwapypUe;J

nfhz;Nl Xa;ntLf;f Ntz;bapUe;jJ. ehd; eil $lj;jpw;F te;J

cl;fhUtij mtHfs; mDkjpf;ftpy;iy”.252

flTr;rPl;Lf;fis gwpKjy; nra;jy;> gyte;jkhfj; jLj;J

itj;jy; kw;Wk; kl;Lg;gLj;jg;gl;l njhlHghly; trjpfs;

ntspapy; vq;F nry;tjw;Fk; ehd; mDkjpf;fg;gltpy;iy...

gj;jphpiffs; thrpg;gjw;F> vdJ ez;gHfs; kw;Wk; FLk;gj;jhUld;

NgRtjw;Fk; mDkjpf;fg; gLtjpy;iy... ehd; thndhyp Nfl;Fk;

Nghjpnyy;yhk; vdJ v[khdp mjid epWj;Jk;gb rj;jkpLthH.

xUehs; $l ehd; ntspNa nry;tjw;F mDkjpf;fg; gltpy;iy.

Fg;igfis ntspNa nrd;W itg;gjw;F kl;Lk;

mDkjpf;fg;gl;Nld;. vdJ cilfis cyHj;Jtjw;fhf ntspapy;

nrd;wNghNj #hpaidf; fz;Nld;. ehd; mq;NfhH

rpiwtho;ifapid mDgtpj;Jf; nfhz;bUe;Njd;. mt;tPl;Lr;

RtHfSk; kpf caukhdit.253

—rp. epHkyp> taJ 28> Fitj; ehl;by; ,uz;L tUlq;Sf;F Nky;

gzp Mw;wpa xU gzpg;ngz;.

kdpj chpikfs; fz;fhzpg;gfk; NeHfhzy; nra;j ngUk;ghyhd tPl;Lg;

gzpahsHfs; mtHfsJ Rje;jpukhd elkhl;lk; kw;Wk; mtHfsJ

FLk;gj;jhHfs; cl;gl VidatHfSldhd njhlHghly;fspy; fl;Lg;ghLfis

vjpHNehf;fpdH. Ntiy nfhs;NthH> tPl;Lg; gzpahsHfs; mtHfs; Ntiy

nra;Ak; ,lj;jpid tpl;L jdpahf ntspapy; nry;tjidj; jLj;jJld;

mtHfsJ FLk;gj;jhH> maytHfs; kw;Wk; rpy re;jHg;gq;fspy; njhopy;

KftHfs; kw;Wk; J}jufq;fSld; njhlHG nfhs;Sk; trjpfisAk;

fl;Lg;gLj;jpdH.

252 mNj Mjhu%yk;.

253 rp;. epHkypAldhd kdpj chpikfs; fz;fhzpg;gfj;jpd; NeHfhzy;. fphpghth> ,yq;if>

etk;gh; 7>2006.

88

kdpj chpikfs; fz;fhzpg;gfk; NeHfhzy; nra;j midj;J tPl;Lg;

gzpahsHfSk; jq;fsJ flTr;rPl;Lf;fis me;ehl;bw;F Ngha; NrHe;jTld;

Ntiynfhs;NthH gwpKjy; nra;J gpd;dH ehl;il tpl;L ntspNaWk;tiu

jLj;J itj;jpUg;gjhfTk; njhptpj;jdH. nygdhd; ehl;by; ntt;NtW

Ntiynfhs;NthH %d;W Nghplk; gzpahw;wpa xU tPl;Lg; gzpahsH $Wifapy;>

“,e;j %d;W Ntiynfhs;NthUNk vdJ flTr;rPl;bid jLj;J

itj;jpUe;jdH. ,Jjhd; ,q;Fs;s tof;fk;. ,J vdf;F kl;Lkhdjy;y. ehq;fs;

tpkhd epiyaj;jpy; te;jpwq;fpaJNk flTr;rPl;L Ntiynfhs;Nthuhy; vLj;Jf;

nfhs;sg;gl;L tpLk;> gpd;dH ehk; ehl;il tpl;L ntspNaWk; ehs;tiuf;Fk;

flTr; rPl;il vq;fshy; fhzKbahJ”> vd;whH.254 kw;WnkhU gzpg;ngz;

Fitj; ehl;by; jdJ mDgtj;jpidg; gw;wp $wpdhH. “ehd; te;jpwq;fpaJNk vdJ flTr;rPl;il mtHfs; vd;dplkpUe;J vLj;J tpl;ldH. gpd;dH ehd; tpkhd

epiyaj;jpid tpl;L ntspNaWk; nghOJjhd; vdJ flTr;rPl;bid kWgbAk;

fz;Nld;. v[khdp vdJ flTr;rPl;il vLj;J itj;jpUe;jhH”.255 ,yq;ifapd;

mDkjp ngw;w ntspehl;L Ntiytha;g;G KftHfs; rq;fj;jpd; (ALFEA)

jiytH> Ntiynfhs;NthH flTr; rPl;Lf;fis gwpKjy; nra;J jLj;J

itj;jpUg;gJ xU gutyhd eilKiwnad;gij Vw;Wf; nfhz;lhH. mjid

mtH> “mDruizahsHfs; - Ntiynfhs;NthH> tPl;Lg; gzpahsHfs;

ntspehL nrd;wJk; flTr;rPl;Lf;fis itj;Jf; nfhs;tjhf cWjpg;

gLj;;;;;;jpdhH.”256

fhpj;jh]; nygdhd; Gyk;ngaHe;NjhH epiyak; kw;Wk; nfa;NuhtpYs;s

mnkhpf;f gy;fiyf;fofk; vd;git elhj;jpa mz;ika ,U kjpg;gha;Tfs;>

tPl;Lg; gzpahsHfsJ flTr;rPl;Lf;fis gwpKjy; nra;J jLj;J itj;jpUg;gJ

jq;fsJ chpiknad ngUk;ghyhd nygdhdpa Ntiynfhs;NthH ek;Gtjhfj;

njhptpj;jdH. fhpj;jh]; nygdhd; Gyk;ngaHe;NjhH epiyak; 2005 ,y; 601

nygdhdpa Ntiy nfhs;NthUld; elhj;jpa njhiyNgrp ciuahly; %ykhd

kjpg;gha;Tfspy; NeH fhzg;gl;l 91 rjtPjkhNdhH tPl;Lg; gzpahsHfsJ

flTr;rPl;Lf;fis jLj;J itj;jpUg;gJ jkJ chpiknad $wpdH.257

254 R[Ptdp kj;jhuhr;rpAldhd kdpj chpikfs; fz;fhzpg;gfj;jpd; NeHfhzy;.

(Ntz;LNfhspd;gb cz;ikg; ngaNu gad;gLj;jg;gl;Ls;sJ)> nfhOk;G> ,yq;if> etk;gH 3>

2006.

255 gp. rDjpAldhd kdpj chpikfs; fz;fhzpg;gfj;jpd; NeHfhzy;. wk;Gf;fid> ,yq;if>

etk;gH 6> 2006.

256 my;̀ h[;. A.hp.vk;. md;tUldhd kdpj chpikfs; fz;fhzpg;gfj;jpd; NeHfhzy;.

(ALFEA)> nfhOk;G> ,yq;if> xf;NlhgH 31> 2006.

257 87 rjtPjkhNdhH Ntiynfhs;NthH jq;fsJ flTr;rPl;bid jLj;J itj;jpUg;gjhfTk;>

Vida 13 rjtPjj;jpdH njhopy; KftHfs; flTr;rPl;Lf;fis jLj;J itj;jpUg;gjhfTk; my;yJ

ahH jLj;J itj;Js;sdH vd;gjpy; njsptpd;ik ,Ug;gjhfTk; njhptpj;jdH. fhpj;jh];

Gyk;ngaHe;NjhH epiyak;> “nygdhdpy; Gyk;ngaHe;j gzpg;ngz;fs;: fhpj;jh]; kjpg;gha;tpd; XH

rhuhk;rk;”> rHtNjr njhopy; ];jhgdk;> gapw;rp nraykHT mwpf;if: nygdhdpy; tPl;Lg;

gzpg;ngz;fs; epiyikfs kPjhd tpopg;GzHit Vw;gLj;Jk; gapw;rpr; nraykHT. (Beirut:ILO,

89

nygdhdpYs;s 458 tPl;Lg; gzpahsHfSld; nfa;NuhtpYs;s mnkhpf;f

gy;fiyf;fofk; 2005 ,y; elhj;jpa jdpahdnjhU kjpg;gha;tpd;NghJ

Ntiynfhs;NthUldpUe;J gzpahw;Wk; tPl;Lg; gzpahsHfspy; 1 rjtPjkhNdhH

kl;LNk jq;fsJ flTr;rPl;Lf;fis jhq;fNs itj;jpUf;ff; fhzg;gl;ldH.258

midj;Jg; Gyk;ngaHe;j njhopyhsHfs; kw;Wk; mtHfs; FLk;g cWg;gpdHfspd;

ghJfhg;G kPjhd rkthak; (Gyk;ngaH njhopyhsH rkthak;)> “rl;lj;jpdhy; mjpfhuk; mspf;fg;gl;l mur cj;jpNahfj;jH xUtiuj; jtpu NtnwtNuDk;

milahsg;gLj;Jk; Mtzq;fs;> Njrpa Ml;Gy my;yJ njhopy; mDkjp

vy;iyf;Fs; cs;Eiojy; my;yJ jq;fpapUj;jy;> trpj;jy; my;yJ ];jhgpj;jy;

vd;gtw;iw mDkjpf;Fk; Mtzq;fisg; gwpKjy; nra;tJ rl;ltpNuhjkhdJ”> vdf; Fwpg;gpLfpwJ.

259 rT+jp mNugpah> Fitj;> nygdhd; kw;Wk; If;fpa

muGfs; ,uhr;rpak; vd;gd Gyk;ngaH njhopyhsH rkthaj;jpd; xU

jug;gpduhf ,y;yhjNghjpYk; gzpahsHfsJ milahsg; gLj;Jk;

Mtzq;fis Ntiynfhs;NthH gwpKjy; nra;J jLj;J itj;jpUg;gJ

If;fpa muGfs; ,uhr;rpak; kw;Wk nygdhdpy; rl;ltpNuhjkhdjhFk;.260 ,e;jr;

rl;lg; ghJfhg;Gf;fs; eilKiwapy; ,y;iynad;gJld; Ntiynfhs;NthH

kw;Wk; njhopy; KftHfs; tPl;Lg; gzpahsHfsJ flTr;rPl;Lf;fs; kw;Wk;

njhopy; mDkjpg; gj;jpuq;fis gwpKjy; nra;J jLj;J itj;jpUg;gjid

jLg;gjpy;iy.

ngz; gzpahsHfsJ elkhLk; Rje;jpuj;ij NtWtopfspy; fl;Lg;gLj;Jtjw;F

Ntiy nfhs;NthH Kide;jdH. Fg;igfisf; nfhz;L nrd;W itg;gjw;fhf

kl;Lk; ntspNa nry;tijj; jtpu Ntnwe;j fhuzq;fSf;fhfTk; ntspapy;

nry;tjw;F jq;fSf;F ,ayhkypUg;gjhf mNefkhd tPl;Lg; gzpahsHfs;

2005) http://www.ilo.org/dyn/gender/docs/RES/451/F799002463/Workshop%20Report%20 on%20Women%20Domestic%20Migrant%20Workers.pdf (accessed May 14, 2007) annex 4, pp. 32-35. 258 fyhepjp. Nwa; Anua;jpdp> nfa;Nuh mnkhpf;f gy;fiyf;fofj;jpd;> “nygdhdpd; Gyk;ngaH

tPl;Lg; gzpg;ngz;fspd; tpguk;”> rHtNjr njhopy; ];jhgdj;jpd; gapw;rp nraykHT mwpf;if>

gpw;NrHf;if 4 gpgp. 30-31.

259 Gyk;ngaH njhopyhsHfs; rkthak;> cWg;Giu 21.

260 CopaHfs; gazpg;gjw;fhd mtHfsJ chpikfis kPWtjhy; CopaHfsJ flTr;rPl;il

Ntiy nfhs;NthH gwpKjy; nra;tjid Lghapd; fN\rd; ePjpkd;wk; jil nra;jJ. mj;Jld;

nygdhdpa rptpy; xOq;F tpjpfSk; Ntiynfhs;NthH kw;Wk; njhopy; KftHfs; MfpNahH

Gyk;ngaH njhopyhsH fsJ flTr;rPl;Lf;fis jLj;J itj;jpUg;gjid jil nra;fpwJ.

fhpj;jh]; nygdhd; Gyk;ngaH epiyaj;jpd; XH rl;lj;juzp nk Nahrg; Md; vd;gthpd;

$w;wpd;gb> “nygdhd; tpkhd epiyaj;jpy; CopaHfis Ntiynfhs;NthH $l;b tUifapy;

nghJg; ghJfhg;Gj; Jiwiar; NrHe;jtHfs; Ntiy nfhs;Nthhplk; CopaHfspd;

flTr;rPl;Lf;fis ifaspj;J tpLfpd;wdH. ,t;tpjkhd eilKiwfSf;F vjpuhf nygdhdpy;

rl;lq;fs; ,y;yhjNghjpYk;> flTr;rPl;Lf;fs vd;gJ mjid toq;Fk; ehLfSf;F

(cjhuzk;:,yq;if> gpypg;igd;];) chpj;jhditahjyhy; mtw;iwg; gwpKjy; nra;J jLj;J

itj;jpUg;gJ rl;ltpNuhjkhdjhFk;”. Lgha; fN\rd; ePjpkd;w jPHg;G tof;F ,y.268 (2001)@

xf;NlhgH 27> 2001: nk. Nahrg; MDldhd kdpj chpikfs; fz;fhzpg;gfj;jpd; NeHfhzy;>

fhpj;jh]; nygdhd; Gyk;ngaH;e;NjhH epiyak;> nga;&l;> nygdhd;> Mf];l; 22> 2007.

90

njhptpj;jdH. rpy gzpg;ngz;fs; Ntiynfhs;NthH my;yJ fhH rhujpAld;

NrHe;J nrd;W tUtjhf ,Ug;gpd; ntspNa nry;tjw;F mDkjpf;fg;gl;ldH. rpy

re;jHg;gq;fspy; Ntiynfhs;NthH jhk; ntspNa nry;Yk;NghJ tPl;Lg;

gzpahsHfis tPl;bDs; itj;jg; G+l;b tpl;Lr; nrd;wdH. rpy

Ntiynfhs;NthH tPl;Lg; gzpahsHfs; XH ad;diyNah my;yJ fjtpidNah

$l jpwg;gjw;F mDkjpf;fhJ mtHfsJ elkhLk; Rje;jpuj;jpw;F kpff;

fLikahd fl;Lg;ghLfis tpjpj;jdH. kj;jpa fpof;fpy; gj;J tUlq;fs;

gzpGhpe;j 54 tajhdnjhU ngz; kdpj chpikfs; fz;fhzpg;gfj;jpw;Ff;

$Wifapy;> “Ie;J jlitfspyhd vdJ Ntiy mDgtj;jpy; ehd; Ntiy

nra;j tPLfis tpl;L ntspNa elkhLtjw;fhd Rje;jpuk; xUNghJk;

vdf;fpUe;jjpy;iy. ntspNa nry;tjw;fhd re;jHg;gk; vdf;Fj; jug;gl;bUf;f

Ntz;Lk;”> vd;whH.261 nygdhd;> rT+jp mNugpah kw;Wk; Fitj; ehl;by;

gzpGhpe;j mDgtj;Jld; kPz;Lk; gzpGhpa te;Js;s kw;WnkhU Gyk;ngaH

gzpg;ngz; $Wifapy;> “ nygdhdpy; vq;F nry;tjw;Fk; vdf;F Rje;jpukpUf;ftpy;iy. ,uT my;yJ gfy; ve;jNtisfspYk; mtHfs; ntspapy;

nry;Yk;NghJ midj;ijAk; G+l;b> jpwg;gpidAk; jq;fSld; vLj;Jr;

nry;thHfs;. ehd; cs;NsNa ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk;. rT+jp mNugpahtpYk; epiyik

mt;tpjkhfNt ,Ue;jJ. Fitj; ehl;by; mtHfs; fjitg; G+l;ltpy;iy.

Vnddpy; ahH ntspapy; NghdhYk; tPl;by; ahNuDk; xUtH vg;NghJk;

tPl;bNyNa ,Ue;jdH”> vd;whH.262

gy gzpg;ngz;fs; Ntiy nra;Ak; tPLfspy; jLj;J itf;fg;gl;bUe;jiy

rpiwthrj;Jld; njhlHGgLj;jpg; NgrpdH. xU ngz;> rT+jp mNugpahtpy; jdJ

mDgtj;ijf; $Wifapy;> “ehd; ntspapy; nry;tjw;f Rje;jpuk; ,y;iy.

mtHfs; NghFk; nghOJ fjitg; G+l;bf; nfhz;L nry;thHfs;> mtHfs;

kPz;Lk; tUk;tiu ehd; cs;NsapUf;f Ntz;Lk;. ,J vdf;NfhH rpiwthrk;

Nghd;wpUe;jJ>”263 vd;whH. kw;WnkhU gzpg;ngz; $Wifapy;> “mtHfs; ehq;fs;

filfSf;Fg; Nghtij my;yJ rw;W fhyhw ele;J nry;tijNah

mDkjpg;gjpy;iy....... ehq;fs; Ntiyf;fhuHfs;> MfNt mtHfs; vq;fis

mg;gbNa elhj;jpdhHfs;...... rT+jp mNugpahtpy; vg;nghOJk; ehd;

tPl;bDs;NsNa ,Ue;Njd;. mJNthH rpiw NghyNt ,Ue;jJ. ehd; mjid

tpl;L tpyfNt tpUk;gpNdd;.”264 cs;Ns itj;J G+l;br; nry;Yfpd;w

261 vk;. rj;JhpAldhd kdpj chpikfs; fz;fhzpg;gfj;jpd; NeHfhzy;. wk;Gf;fiz> ,yq;if>

etk;gH 6> 2006.

262 v];. fpU\;zDldhd kdpj chpikfs; fz;fhzpg;gfj;jpd;

NeHfhzy;. ];nfypah> ,yq;if> etk;gH 13> 2006.

263 v];. gj;khTldhd kdpj chpikfs; fz;fhzpg;gfj;jpd; NeHfhzy;. fl;Lehaf;f> ,yq;if>

etk;gH 1> 2006.

264 gp. eadhjpdpAldhd kdpj chpikfs; fz;fhzpg;gfj;jpd; NeHfhzy;. uk;Ng> ,yq;if>

etk;gH 5> 2006.

91

Ntiynfhs;NthhplkpUe;J jg;Gtjw;fhf rpy tPl;Lg; gzpahsHfs; Nky; khb

[d;dy;fspypUe;J Fjpf;f Ntz;bapUe;jJ. v];. nghd;dk;kh> mtiu cly;

hPjpahf J\;gpuNahfj;jpw;Fs;shf;Fk; Ntiynfhs;NthhplkpUe;J jg;Gtjw;fhf

tPl;Lf; $iuapypUe;J Fjpf;f Ntz;bapUe;jJ: “mtHfs; vg;nghOJNk cs;s

itj;J jpwg;ghy; G+l;bdH. ehd; NkNy nrd;W Fjpj;Njd;. vd;dhy;

Ntjidiaj; jhq;f Kbatpy;iy. mJnthU ,uz;L khbf;fl;blk;. $iuapy;

xU rpwpa ,ilntsp ,Ue;jJ> vd;dhy; mjw;$lhf ntspNaw

Kbe;jJ>“vd;whH.265

kdpj chpikfs; fz;fhzpg;gfk; NeHfhzy; nra;j tPl;Lg; gzpahsHfSs;

ntF rpyUf;Nf jq;fs; Ntiyj;jyj;ij tpl;L Jizapd;wp ntspapy; nrd;W

tuf; $bajhf ,Ue;jJ. v[khdH my;yJ thfdr; rhujpapd; JizAld; Ngha;

tUtjw;F mDkjpf;fg;gl;ltHfs;> jq;fsJ elkhLk; Rje;jpuj;jpyhd

fl;Lg;ghLfs; mtHfSf;Fr; rpukj;ij Vw;gLj;jpajhff; $wpdhHfs;. xU ngz;

kpFe;j JaUld; Fitj; ehl;by; jdJ mDgtk; gw;wp ,t;thW $wpdhH:

gy nghUl;fis tpw;gid nra;Ak; re;ijfSf;F $l vd;Dld;

$lNt ahuhtJ tUtH. ehd; fhH rhujpAld; nrd;W thq;f

Ntz;ba nghUl;fis rhujpaplk; nrhy;yp tpl;L fhhpy;

cl;fhHe;jpUf;f Ntz;Lk;. rpyrkak; vdf;F cs;sq;fpfs; thq;f

Ntz;bNaw;gLk;. Mdhy; fhH rhujp Mzhifahy; vd;dhy;

mthplk; nrhy;y KbahJ. fhH rhujpaplk; ,tw;iwf; Nfl;gjw;F

vdf;F kpfTk; ntl;fkhf ,Ue;jJ. xUehs; vdJ v[khdp rpy

Jzpfisj; je;J mtw;iw Fg;igapy; tPrp tpLk;gb $wpdhH. ehd;

mtw;iw vLj;J> mtw;iw cs;sq;fpahf gad;gLj;Jtjw;F ntl;b

itj;jpUe;Njd;. xUehs; ehd; mtw;iw mzptijf; fz;Zw;w

mtH fhuzj;ijf; Nfl;lhH. ehd; mthplk; vd;dplk;

cs;sq;fpfs; ,y;iynad;W $wpNdd;. mjd;NghJk; $l mtH

vdf;F vjidAk; jutpy;iy. Mdhy; rpyrkaq;fspy; ehd; mtuJ

kfspd; cs;sq;fpfs; vjidAk; jpUb itj;jpUf;fpNwdh vd;gij

cWjp nra;tjw;F miwf;Fs; te;J Nrhjpg;ghH.266

Ntiynfhs;NthH tPl;Lg; gzpahsHfs; jq;fsJ FLk;g cWg;gpdHfs;> Vida

tPl;Lg; gzpahsHfs;> njhopy; KftHfs; kw;Wk; mtHfsJ ehl;Lj;

J}jufq;fSldhd njhlHghly;fspYk; fl;Lg;ghLfis tpjpj;jdH. njhiyNgrp

miog;Gf;fis Nkw; nfhs;sNth my;yJ ngwNth my;yJ fbjq;fis

265 v];. nghd;dk;khTldhd kdpj chpikfs; fz;fhzpg;gfj;jpd; NeHfhzy;. wpahj;> rT+jp


266 Fkhhp ,e;Jepy; cldhd kdpj chpikfs; fz;fhzpg;gfj;jpd; NeHfhzy;>(Ntz;LNfhspd;gb

cz;ikg; ngaNu gad;gLj;jg;gl;Ls;sJ) ,wk;Gf;fiz> ,yq;if> etk;gH 6> 2006.

92

vOJtjw;F my;yJ ngw;Wf; nfhs;tjpy; kl;Lg;gLj;jg;gl;Ls;s trjpfisf;

nfhz;l gy tPl;Lg; gzpahsHfis kdpj chpikfs; fz;fhzpg;gfk;

NeHfhzy; nra;jJ. ,e;j tPl;Lg; gzpahsHfspy; rpyH jq;fs; FLk;g

cWg;gpdHfSld; ve;jj; njhlHigAk; itj;jpUg;gjw;F

mDkjpf;fg;gltpy;iynad njhptpj;jdH. mtHfs; FLk;gj;jhUf;Ff; fbjq;fs;

mDg;gNth my;yJ mtHfsplkpUe;J ngw;Wf; nfhs;tjw;Nfh my;yJ FLk;g

cWg;gpdHfsplkpUe;J njhiyNgrp miog;Gf;fis ngw;Wf; nfhs;tjw;Nfh

Kbahky; ,Ue;jdH. rpy gzpahsHfs;> ,e;J rKj;jpuj;jpy; Vw;gl;l Rdhkp

mdHj;jq;fspd; gpd;dH $l jq;fs; FLk;gj;jtHfs; ghjpf;fg;gl;lduh>

jg;gpAs;sduh vd;gijf; $l mwptjw;F FLk;gj;jtHfSld; njhlHGnfhs;s

mDkjpf;fg;gltpy;iy. Gjpdg; gj;jphpiffis thrpg;gjw;F> thndhyp Nfl;gjw;F

my;yJ njhiyf;fhl;rp ghHg;gjw;Ff; $l rpy Ntiynfhs;NthH jk;ik

mDkjpg;gjpy;iynadTk; rpy tPl;Lg; gzpahsHfs; njhptpj;jdH. rpy

Ntiynfhs;NthH> tPl;Lg; gzpahsHfs; mDg;Gk; kw;Wk; ngWk; fbjq;fis

fz;fhzpj;J> jzpf;if nra;fpd;wdH. cjhuzkhf> ,uz;L kfs;fSf;F

jhahd xUtH kdpj chpikfs; fz;fhzpg; gfj;jpw;F $Wifapy;>

“ me;j ,uz;L tUlq;fSk; tPl;ilg; gw;wpa NahridapNyNa ehd; ,Ue;Njd;@

xU njhiyNgrp miog;igf;$l ngWtjw;F my;yJ vdJ kfs;fspd; Fuiyf;

Nfl;gjw;F me;j v[khdp vd;id mDkjpf;ftpy;iy. Kjy; jlit ehd;

fbjq;fis vOjp mtw;iw mDg;Gtjw;fhf mthplk; nfhLj;Njd;. Mdhy;

mtH mtw;iw mDg;gNtapy;iy”> vd;whH.267 kdpj chpikfs; fz;fhzpg;gfk;

NeHfhzy; nra;j jpdj;jd;W ehL jpUk;gpa 26 tajhd ngz; mOjgb

$Wifapy;> “,e;j tUlk; KOtjw;FNk vdJ FLk;gj;jhH

mDg;gpajpypUe;J ,uz;L fbjq;fis kl;LNk ehd; ngw;Nwd;. ehd;

njhiyNgrpapy; mtHfSld; fijf;f tpUk;gpaNghJ vdJ v[khdp jdpNa

ehd;F wpahy;fis (1 m.nlhyh;) kl;LNk nfhLj;jhH. ,J njhiyNgrpapy;

NgRtjw;F NghJkhdjy;y. ehd; ntspapy; nry;tjw;F mDkjpf;fg;gLtjpy;iy.

Vida tPl;Lg; gzpg;ngz;fSld; fijg;gjw;F mDkjpapy;iy........ vdf;F

%d;W rpwpa gps;isfs; cs;sdH. ,e;j tUlk; KOtjw;FNk mtHfSld;

vd;dhy; fijg;gjw;F Kbatpy;iy.......... ahUlDk; fijg;gjw;F ehd;

mDkjpf;fg;gltpy;iy. “ehd; Vida gzpg;ngz;fSld; fijj;jhy; mtHfs;

vdJ kdijf; nfLj;J tpLthHfs; vd;gjhNyNa ehd; mtHfSld; NgRtjw;F

mDkjpf;fg;gltpy;iy”> vd mtHfs; $wpdhHfs;>“268 vd;whH. kw;WnkhU

gzpg;ngz; $Wifapy;> “ehd; vdJ FLk;gj;jhUld; njhiyNgrpapy;

fijg;gjw;F> fbjq;fs; vOJtjw;F tpUk;gpNdd;...... ,uz;L tUlq;fSf;F

cdJ FLk;gj;jhUld; ve;jj; njhlHGfSk; ,Uf;ff; $lhJ vd mtHfs;

267 v];. FkhhpAldhd kdpj chpikfs; fz;fhzpg;gfj;jpd; NeHfhzy;. tshFNl> ,yq;if>

etk;gH 6> 2006.


fl;Lehaf;f>,yq;if> etk;gH 9> 2006.

93

$wpdhHfs;” “eP rT+jp mNugpahTf;F Ntiy nra;a tUk;nghOJ> cdJ

FLk;gj;ijg; gw;wp kwe;Jtpl Ntz;Lnkd” vdJ Ntiynfhs;NthH $wpdhH.269

Ntiynfhs;NthH ,Jgw;wpf; $Wifapy;> ,uz;L my;yJ %d;W tUl njhopy;

xg;ge;j fhyk; Kbtiltjw;F Kd;ghf mtHfs; Ntiyia tpl;Lr;

nry;tjw;fhd rhj;jpaq;fis fl;Lg;gLj;Jtjw;fhfNt tPl;Lg; gzpg;ngz;fspd;

njhlHghly;fis kl;Lg;gLj;Jtjhf jq;fs; jug;gpy; epahag;gLj;jpdhHfs;.

Fitj; ehl;by; jdJ Ntiy nfhs;NthH gw;wp xU gzpg;ngz; $Wifapy;>

“vd;id xU tPl;Lg; gzpg;ngz;zhf ,uz;L tUlj;Jf;F gzk; nrYj;jpNa

ngw;Wf; nfhz;ljhfTk;> mjdhy; ehd; fbjq;fis my;yJ njhiyNgrp

miog;Gf;fisg; ngw;Wf; nfhs;tij jd;dhy; mDkjpf;f Kbahnjd;W

$wpajhfTk;” njhptpj;jhH.270270 eilKiwapy; ,e;jf; fl;Lg;ghLfs; tPl;Lg;

gzpahsHfs; J\;gpuNahfq;fis mDgtpf;ifapy; mtHfs; njhopy;

KftHfis my;yJ J}jufq;fis njhlHG nfhs;tjpyhd

mtHfsJ ,ay;jd;ikfisAk; kl;Lg;gLj;JfpwJ.

tPL jpUk;Gjy; kPjhd jilfs;

ehd; vdJ v[khdplk; xd;wpy; vdJ rk;gsj;ij jhUq;fs;

my;yJ ehd; ehL jpUk;Gtjw;F vdJ flTr;rPl;ilj; jhUq;fs;

vdf; Nfl;Nld;. mtH vdJ rk;gsj;ijj; ju kWj;jJld;

flTr;rPl;bidAk; ju kWj;J......... vdJ tapw;wpy; cijj;jJld;

KJfpYk; mbj;jhd;> ehd; kaq;fp tpOe;J tpl;Nld;. vdf;F

epidT jpUk;gpaJk; ehd; mOjgb vd;id jpUk;gTk; tPl;bw;F>

vdJ jhahhplk; mDg;Gk;gbAk; Ntz;bNdd;. v[khd; vd;idj;

jpl;bathNw> “ehd; cd;id ,yq;iff;F jpUk;g mDg;gg;

NghtJkpy;iy> cdJ flTr;rPl;ilAk; jug;Nghtjpy;iy>

eP ,q;NfNa ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk;”> vdf; fj;jpdhd;.271 —V. ck;kh> taJ 24> Fitj; ehl;by; tPl;Lg; gzpg;ngz;zhf

jdJ jdJ mDgtk; gw;wp $wpaJ.

Gyk;ngaHe;j gzpahsHfs; kPJ jq;fs; mjpfhuj;jpid J\;gpuNahfpg;gjd; %yk;

gy Ntiynfhs;NthHfs; my;yJ njhopy; KftHfs; tPl;Lg; gzpahsHfs;

jq;fs; Ntiyia tpl;L tpyfp> rpy re;jHg;gq;fspy; xg;ge;j fhyk; Kbtile;j

269 [p. rpj;jpuhTldhd kdpj chpikfs; fz;fhzpg;gfj;jpd; NeHfhzy;. wpahj;> rT+jp

mNugpah>brk;gh; 6> 2006.

270 b.Nrhgdpaldhd kdpj chpikfs; fz;fhzpg;gfj;jpd; Neh;fhzy;. fz;b> ,yq;if>

entk;gh; 10> 2006.

271 V. ck;Kldhd kdpj chpikfs; fz;fhzpg;gfj;jpd; NeHfhzy;.

mj;jdfy> ,yq;if>etk;gH 8> 2006.

94

gpd;dUk; $l ,yq;iff;F kPs;jpUk;Gtij jil nra;jdH. ,e;jr; rk;gtq;fs;

mNefkhdtw;wpy; gyte;jkhf jLj;J itj;jy;> kl;Lg;gLj;jg;gl;l

njhlHghly;fs; kw;Wk; flTr;rPl;Lf;fis gwpKjy; nra;jy; Nghd;w

J\;gpuNahfq;fs; gy ,ize;j jd;ikahdJ tPl;Lg; gzpahsHfs; mtHfs;

tpUk;gpa Ntisapy; ,yq;iff;F jpUk;g KbahjnjhU #o;epiyia

cUthf;fpaJ. brk;gH 2004 Rdhkpj; jhf;fj;jpd; gpd;dH jq;fs; FLk;gj;jpdH

gw;wp mwptjw;fhf ehL jpUk;g KbahkYk; my;yJ 2006 ,y; nygdhdpd;

MAj Nkhjy;fspd;NghJ ehL jpUk;g Kbahj gy ngz;fSlDk; kdpj

chpikfs; fz;fhzpg;gfk; fye;JiuahbaJ. tPl;Lg; gzpg;ngz;fs; mNefk;

mtHfsJ Ntiyj;jyq;fspNyNa VidatHfSld; njhlHghLtjw;F

kl;Lg;gLj;jg;gl;l jd;ikfSld; milgl;bUg;gjdhy;> mtHfs; xg;ge;jq;fs;

Kbtile;jhYk;> toikahd epiyikfspy; $l jq;fsJ ehLfspw;F kPs;

jpUk;gp nry;tJ jilglf;$ba mghaj;jpy; cs;sdH. 2005 ,y; ,yq;if

ntspehl;L Ntiytha;g;G gzpaf xg;ge;j fhyk; Kbtile;j gpd;dUk; Ntiy

nfhs;NthH jk;ik ,yq;iff;F jpUg;gpaDg;gtpy;iynad Gyk;ngaHe;j tPl;Lg;

gzpg; ngz;fsplkpUe;J 667 Kiwg;ghLfis ngw;w Ntisapy; ,NjNghd;w

Kiwg;ghl;L nghwpKiwfSf;F mZFk; toptiffisf; nfhz;l Gyk;ngaHe;j

Mz; gzpahsHfsplkpUe;J 44 Kiwg;ghLfisg; ngw;wJ.272

tPl;Lg; gzpahsHfsJ gps;isfs;> rNfhjuHfs; kw;Wk; ngw;NwhHfs;

MfpNahhpd; ,wg;igf; Nfs;tpAw;W ehL jpUk;gp mtHfsJ kuzr; rlq;Ffspy;

fye;J nfhs;s tpUk;gpaNghJk; Ntiynfhs;NthH kw;Wk; njhopy; KftHfs;

MfpNahH tPl;;Lg; gzpahsHfs; ,yq;if jpUk;Gtij jil nra;j rk;gtq;fis

kdpj chpikfs; fz;fhzpg;gfk; Mtzg;gLj;jpAs;sJ. ,t;tpjkhd xU

re;jHg;gj;jpy; xU tPl;Lg; gzpg; ngz;zpd; Ntiynfhs;NthH kw;Wk; njhopy;

KftH vd;NghH mg;gzpg;ngz;zpd; fztH Gw;WNehahy; ghjpf;fg;gl;Ls;shH

vd;gij mwpe;J nfhz;lNghJk; cldbahf ,yq;if jpUk;Gtjw;F

mDkjpf;ftpy;iy. gpd;dH mtH ehL jpUk;g mDkjpf;fg;gl;l xUkhjj;jpd;

gpd;dH mg;gzpg;ngz;zpd; fztH ,we;jhH.273 jq;fsJ neUq;fpa FLk;g

cWg;gpdHfs; brk;gH 2004 Rdhkp mdHj;jj;jhy; nfhy;yg;gl;lNghJ jhq;fs;

ehL jpUk;Gtij jq;fsJ Ntiynfhs;NthH jil nra;jjhf gy tPl;Lg;

gzpahsHfs; Kiwapl;ldH. If;fpa muGfs; ,uhr;rpaj;jpd; mGjhgp efhpy; 16

tUlq;fshf xNu FLk;gj;jpy; XH tPl;Lg; gzpg;ngz;zhf gzpahw;wpa vd;.

Nfhkjp vd;gtH kdpj chpikfs; fz;fhzpg;gfj;jpw;F njhptpf;ifapy;> jdJ

kfs;> rNfhjhp kw;Wk; kr;rhs; MfpNahH Rdhkpj; jhf;fj;jhy; nfhy;yg;gl;ljhf

mwpe;jNghJk; jdJ Ntiy nfhs;NthH jd;id ehL jpUk;g mDkjpf;ftpy;iy

vd;whH. mtH $Wifapy;:

272 ,yq;if ntspehl;L Ntiytha;g;G gzpafk;> ntspehl;L Ntiytha;g;G tUlhe;j

Gs;sptpgu mwpf;if – 2005> g. 61 273 v];. rPj;jhTldhd kdpj chpikfs; fz;fhzpg;gfj;jpd; NeHfhzy;.

fphpahth> ,yq;if>etk;gH 7> 2006.

95

vdJ kfs; Rdhkpahy; nfhy;yg;gl;lhH. vdf;F NtW

gps;isfs; ,y;iy. mtSf;F 13 taJ. Rdhkp Vw;gl;lNghJ ehd;

mGjhgpapy; ,Ue;Njd;..... ehd; ,yq;iff;Fg; Ngha; tUtjw;F

vdJ v[khdpaplk; Nfl;Nld;. mtH mjw;F kWg;Gj; njhptpj;J>

“cdJ gps;is ,we;jpUe;jhy; mjidnahU Fopapypl

Ntz;Lk;>“ mjw;fhf eP Vd; NghfNtz;Lk;>“ vd;whH. mtUld;

ehd; thjhbNdd;. MapDk; mtH ehd; Nghtij tpUk;gtpy;iy.

ehd; Nghfj;jhd; Ntz;Lk; vd;W $wpanghOJ> me;jg; ngz;

$wpdhH> “cdJ gps;is ,we;J tpl;lJ> ,g;nghOJ eP Vd;

NghfNtz;Lk;> eP vd;d itj;jpauh?”> vd;W Nfl;lhH.”274

vd;. Nfhkjp gpd;dH tpkhdg; gazr;rPl;Lf;fhd gzj;ijr; Nrfhpj;Jf; nfhz;L

gazr; rPl;bidg; ngw;Wf; nfhz;L ehL jpUk;gpdhH. mtuJ v[khdhy;

gwpKjy; nra;ag;gl;l mtuJ flTr;rPl;L jpUg;gpf; nfhLf;fg;gltpy;iy.

,yq;iff;F jhd; kPs;jpUk;g Kbahikf;F jdJ Ntiynfhs;NthhpdJk;

gq;Fk; Xustpw;Ff; fhuzkhftpUe;jJ vd gp. kPdh $wpdhH. Vnddpy; rT+jp

mNugpahtpYs;s jdJ Ntiynfhs;NthH jdJ FLk;gj;jhUld; njhlHG

nfhs;Sk; jd;ikia my;yJ mtH Ntiy nra;Ak; tPl;il tpl;L ntspNa

nry;tjpy; fl;Lg;ghLfis tpjpj;jpUe;jdH. ,yq;iff;F jpUk;g Kbahky; mtH>

mtuJ Ntiynfhs;Nthhpd; kfd; kw;Wk; mtdJ ez;gHfshy; cly; kw;Wk;

ghypay; hPjpapy; J\;gpuNahfq;fSf;F cs;shdJld; xU tUlj;jpw;fhd

CjpaKk; nfhLg;gdT nra;ag;glhkypUe;jhH.

ehd; tPl;bw;F jpUk;gpg; NghfNtz;Lnkd vg;nghOJk; Nfl;Ngd;.

ehd; Gwg;gLtjw;F ehd;F Ie;J khjq;fspd; Kd;gpUe;Nj

v[khdpaplk; ehd; jpUk;gpg; NghtJ gw;wpf; Nfl;Lf;

nfhz;bUe;Njd;. ehd; jpUk;gpr; nry;y Ntz;Lnkd jpUk;gj;

jpUk;g typAWj;Jk;nghOJ v[khdUk;> v[khdpak; ‘mg;gbr;

nra;aKbahJ vd;wdH’. gpd;dH vdJ gpur;rpidfis v[khdpaplk;

$wpa gpd;G mq;F ehd;F my;yJ Ie;J khjq;fs;tiu

jq;fpapUe;Njd;......... (ehd; jg;gpg; Nghtjw;F Kaw;rpf;ftpy;iy)

Fg;igia ntspapy; nrd;W itg;gjw;Ff; $l ehd; ntspapy;

nry;tjw;F mDkjpf;fg;gltpy;iy. njhiyNgrp miog;nghd;iw

vLf;fNth my;yJ ngWtjw;Ff; $l vdf;F

mDkjpapy;iy. ,yq;ifapypUe;J njhiyNgrp miog;Gf;fs; tUk;

274 vd;. NfhkjpAldhd kdpj chpikfs; fz;fhzpg;gfj;jpd; NeHfhzy;. fphpahth> ,yq;if>

etk;gH 7> 2006.

96

nghOjpnyy;yhk; ,izg;igj; Jz;bj;J tpLthH. mj;NjhL ehd;

nfhLf;Fk; fbjq;fisAk; mtH jghypy; NrHg;gjpy;iy.275

tPl;Lg; gzpg;ngz;fs; tPL jpUk;Gtjw;fhd Ntz;LNfhs;fis kWjypj;jik

Fwpg;ghf [_iy 2006> nyghdhdpa Aj;jj;jpd;NghJ mjpfkhf ,Ue;jJ. [_iy

2006 Aj;jj;jpd;NghJ> Ntiynfhs;NthH tPl;Lg; gzpahsHfs; jq;fs;

Ntiyfis tpl;L ,yq;if jpUk;Gtjw;F VJthf tPl;Lg; gzpahsHfsJ

flTr;rPl;Lf;fis jpUk;gf; ifaspf;f kWj;jjhf tPl;Lg; gzpg;ngz;fs;

njhptpj;jdH. Aj;jj;jpd;NghJ gyH> jq;fsJ Ntiynfhs;Nthiu tpl;Lj;

jg;gpNahbajhfTk;> jq;fsJ flTr;rPl;Lf;fs;> nfhLg;gdT nra;ag;glhj

Ntjdq;fs; my;yJ jdpg;gl;l cilikfs; vd;gtw;iw kPl;f KbahJ

Ngha;tpl;ljhfTk; $wpdhHfs;. Gyk;ngaHe;NjhUf;fhd rHtNjr ];jhgdk;

(IOM) > nygdhdpypUe;J 5381 ,yq;if Gyk;ngaH njhopyhsHfis

ntspNaw;wpaJ> mjpy; 93 rjtPjkhdtHfs; tPl;Lg; gzpahsHfshtH.”276

mj;Jld;> “cjtp toq;fg;gl;ltHfspy; miuthrpf;Fk; NkyhNdhH Mtzq;fs;

my;yJ ,tHfs; Nghff;$lhJ vd tpUk;Gk; Ntiynfhs;NthhplkpUe;J

Ntjdq;fspd;wpAk; ,tHfs; jg;gpapUe;jdH. ,d;dk; gyH jg;Gtjw;F Kad;W

nfhz;Lk; cs;sdH” vd mJ njhptpj;jJ.277

,yq;ifapd; ntsptptfhu mikr;rpd; mjpfhhpnahUtH $Wifapy;> Aj;jk;

Vw;gl;l Ntisfspy; nygdhdpypUe;j 86>000 ,yq;if tPl;Lg; gzpahsHfSs;

6272 NgH kl;LNk ,yq;iff;F jpUg;gpaDg;gg;gl;ljhf njhptpj;jhH.278

Aj;jepiyikfs;> Nghf;Ftuj;J trjpfspd; gw;whf;Fiw nygdhdpDs;Sk;>

mjid tpl;L ntspNaWtjpYk; Vw;gLj;jpa rpukq;fs;> mjpf nryT kw;Wk;

Mgj;Jf;fs; mNefk; cs;s jd;ik vd;gtw;why; mNefuhy; ntspNaw

Kbahky; ,Ue;jJ. Nkhjy; epiyikfspd;NghJ nygdhdpypUe;J

jg;gpNahLtjw;F Ntiynfhs;Nthuhy; jLf;fg;gl;l Gyk;ngaHe;j ,yq;if

tPl;Lg; gzpg;ngz;fspd; rhpahd vz;zpf;if njhpahjNghjpYk; ,yq;if

ntspehl;L Ntiytha;g;G gzpafk; ,yq;if tPl;Lg; gzpg;ngz;fs;

275 gp. kPdhTldhd kdpj chpikfs; fz;fhzpg;gfj;jpd; NeHfhzy;. jythf;fiy> ,yq;if>

etk;gH 12> 2006.

276 Gyk;ngaHe;NjhUf;fhd rHtNjr njhopy; ];jhgdk;> “nygdhdpy; G.r.r. (IOM)”> 2006> 4k;

fhyhz;Lr; nra;jp kly;> etk;gH 18> 2006.http://www.reliefweb.int/library/documents/2006/iom-lbn-18nov.pdf (accessed September 6, 2007) 277 “nygdhd;: ,f;fl;by; ,f;fl;by; mfg;gl;bUf;Fk; Gyk;ngaHe;Njhiu ntspNaw;w $Ljy; epjp

Njit”> IOM > gj;jphpifahsH tpsf;fk;. Mf];l; 8> 2006.

http://www.iom.int/jahia/jahia/pbnAF/cache/offonce?entryld=9831 (accessed September 6, 2007). 278 RNkjh Vf;fehaf;fTldhd (ntsptptfhu mikr;R>nfhOk;G)kdpj chpikfs;

fz;fhzpg;gfj;jpd; NeHfhzy;. etk;gH 16> 2006.

97

ItH rz;ilfspd;NghJ ,we;jjhfj; njhptpj;jJ.279 rpy ngz;fs; jhk;

Aj;jj;ij neUf;fkhf ,Ue;J mtjhdpj;jjhf $wpdhHfs; -

jhdpUe;j ,lj;jpw;F maypYs;s fl;blk; jfHe;J tpOtjidf; fz;ljhfTk;>

Mdhy; jq;fs; ghJfhg;Gf; Fwpj;j mr;rj;jpdhy; ,yq;iff;F jpUk;g

Kbatpy;iynadTk; xU gzpg;ngz; $wpdhH.

MH. cNgf;\h> taJ 22 $Wifapy;> “Aj;jj;jpd;NghJ mtHfs; vd;id tPL

jpUk;g mDkjpf;ftpy;iy. vdJ fztH vd;id tPl;bw;F jpUk;gp tUk;gb

kPz;Lk;> kPz;Lk; $wpdhH...... vdJ Ntiynfhs;NthNuh> ‘ehq;fs; rz;ilapd;NghJ ,wf;f Ntz;bapUe;jhy; ePAk; vq;fSld; ,wg;gha;> Mdhy;

eP ,yq;iff;F jpUk;g KbahJ’ vd;W $wpdhH..... ehq;fs; nga;&l;by; NghH

eilngw;w gFjpfspNyNa ,Ue;Njhk;. ehd; kpfTk; mr;rkile;jpUe;jJld; ehd;

kPz;Lk; ,yq;ifiaf; fhz;NgNdh vd vz;zpNdd;.” vd;whH.280 ,Wjpapy; cg;Ngf;\h jdJ jdpg;gl;l cilikfs;> Mtzq;fs; vJTkpd;wp ,yq;ifj;

J}jufj;jpw;F jg;gpNahbdhH. MH. gphpae;jpf;fhtpdJ Ntiynfhs;NthUk;

mtiu ,yq;iff;F jpUk;gpr; nry;y mDkjpf;ftpy;iy. “ehd; kpfTk; mr;rkile;jpUe;Njd;. ehd; vdJ capiuf; fhg;ghw;wpf; nfhs;s tpUk;gpNdd;>

ehd; ,yq;iff;F kPz;Lk; jpUk;gptu tpUk;gpNdd;> ehd; me;j tPl;bypUe;J jg;gp

XbNdd;. vdJ Ntiynfhs;NthH $wpdhH> ‘xg;ge;j fhyk;tiu eP ,q;F

jq;fpapUf;f Ntz;Lk;. ehq;fs; rhtjhf ,Ue;jhy;> ePAk; vq;fSld; rhf

Ntz;Lk;’. fhiy 5 kzpastpy; ehd; jg;gpNahb gy iky;fs; ele;Njd;.”281

tPl;Lg; gzpahsHfis ehL jpUk;g Kbahky; Ntiynfhs;NthH jLf;Fk;NghJ>

tPl;Lg; gzpahsHfs; mNefk; fl;lha Ntiy vd;fpd;w nghwpf;Fs; mfg;gLk;

epiyf;fhshfpwhHfs;.

fl;lha Ntiy

kdpj chpikfs; fz;fhzpg;gfk; J\;gpuNahfq;fs; vd Fw;wQ;rhw;wg;gl;l 23

rk;gtq;fis Mtzg;gLj;jpAs;sJ. mtw;Ws; fl;lhakhf jLj;J itj;jy;>

kl;Lg;gLj;jg;gl;l njhlHghly;fs;> flTr;rPl;Lf;fspd; gwpKjy;> rk;gsj;ijj;

jLj;J itj;jy;> J\;gpuNahfk;> mjpf fld;fs;> jLj;J itj;jy; my;yJ ehL

flj;jy; vd;fpd;w mr;RWj;jypd; fPo; gzpGhpa itj;jy; vd;gd fl;lha

NtiyAld; rk;ge;jg; gl;ljhf ,Ue;jd. rHtNjr rl;lj;jpd; fPo;> fl;lha

Ntiynad;gJ> jz;lid vd;fpd;w mr;RWj;jy; my;yJ rk;kjkpd;wp ngw;Wf;

nfhs;sg;gLk; Ntiy my;yJ Nritnad

279 ntsptptfhu mikr;rpypUe;jhd Fwpg;G> “kj;jpa fpof;F ehLfspy; ,we;j ,yq;ifg;

ngz;fspd; tpguk;> 2006.” etk;gH 16> 2006. 280 MH. cNgf;\hTldhd kdpj chpikfs; fz;fhzpg;gfj;jpd; NeHfhzy;.

tshFNl> ,yq;if> etk;gH 6> 2006.

281 MH. gphpae;jpf;fhTldhd kdpj chpikfs; fz;fhzpg;gfj;jpd; NeHfhzy;.

fphpghth> ,yq;if> etk;gH 7> 2006.

98

tiutpyf;fzg;gLj;jg;gLfpwJ.282 ,e;j mwpf;iff;fhf kdpj chpikfs;

fz;fhzpg; gfk; NeHfhzy; nra;j tPl;Lg; gzpg;ngz;fspd; 23 rk;gtq;fspDs;>

mtH njhlHe;J gzpahw;whJtpbd; cly; hPjpahf mtiuj; Jd;GWj;jy;> tPl;Lg;

gzpahsH jdJ xg;ge;jj;ij G+Hj;jp nra;ahJtpl;lhy; epWj;jp itj;j Ntjdj;

njhifia nfhLg;gdT nra;ahkypUj;jy; my;yJ FbtuT my;yJ Fw;wtpay;

Fw;wq;fSf;fhf mtH kPJ mjpfhhpfsplk; Fw;wQ; rhl;Ljy; vd;git cl;gl

ntspj;njhpaf;$ba my;yJ mHj;jg;gLk;gbahf tPl;Lg; gzpg;ngz;zpd;

xg;ge;jj;jpy; xUNghJk; Fwpg;gplg;glhj jz;lq;fis mKy;gLj;Jtjhf

mr;RWj;Jk; epiyikfis cUthf;Ftjpy; Ntiynfhs;NthH kw;Wk; njhopy;

KftHfs; rk;ge;jg;gl;bUe;jdH. ,e;j midj;J 23 rk;gtq;fspDs; ngz;fs;

tpghpj;j re;jHg;gq;fs;> rHtNjr njhopy; ];jhgdj;jpd; jd;dpr;iray;yhj gzp

vd;gjw;fhd tiutpyf;fzj;ijAk; epiwT nra;jJ. ,e;jg; gzpahsHfsJ

Ntiynfhs;NthH Ntiyj;jyq;fspy; mtHfisj; jLj;J itj;J> mtHfsJ

flTr;rPl;L my;yJ njhopYf;fhd mDkjpg;gj;jpuk; vd;gtw;iw gwpKjy; nra;Jk;

my;yJ mtHfsJ Ntjdj;ij epWj;jpAk; itj;jdH. rpy gzpahsHfsJ

njhopy; KftHfs; kw;Wk; Jiz KftHfs; mtHfsJ njhopy; epge;jidfs;

gw;wp Ml;NrHf;Fk; Neuj;jpy; ngha;$wp Vkhw;wpAs;sdH my;yJ

xg;ge;jj;jpypUe;J KjypNyNa tpyFtjw;Fk; my;yJ Ntiy nra;Akplj;ij

khw;Wtjw;Fk; mjpfhpj;j fl;lzq;fis mwtplg; NghtjhfTk;

mr;RWj;jpapUe;jdH.

Nkhrbahd Ml;NrHg;G kw;Wk; njhopy; tha;g;G eilKiwfs;

cgNahfj;jpy; ,Ug;gjhy; Gyk;ngaH tPl;Lg; gzpahsHfs; Fwpg;ghf fl;lha

Ntiy vDk; nghwpf;Fs; mfg;glf;$ba mghaj;jpypUf;fpwhHfs;. gy

re;jh;g;gq;fspy; kdpj chpikfs; fz;fhzpg;gfk; Mtzg;gLj;jpa gy

rk;gtq;fSs;> Ntjdj;ij nfhLg;gdT nra;ahJ ,ilepWj;jp itj;jpUf;Fk;

Ntiynfhs;Nthhpd; eilKiwfshdJ> xU gzpahsH jdJ Ntiyia tpl;L

tpyf tpUk;Gk;NghJ Ntiynfhs;NthH mtuJ epWj;jp itj;jpUf;Fk;

Ntjdj;ij toq;f kWg;Gj; njhptpj;J mr;RWj;Jtjpdhy; xU fl;lha

Ntiyf;fhd epiyikia cUthf;FfpwJ. cjhuzkhf 26 taJila vr;.

mwpTil> nygdhdpy; NghH njhlq;fpanghOJ mq;F 4 NgHfs; nfhz;lnjhU

FLk;gj;jpw;fhf gzpahw;wpf; nfhz;bUe;jhH. mq;F mtH ,uz;L tUlq;fshf

Ntiy nra;J nfhz;bUe;jhH. MapDk; mtuJ Ntiynfhs;NthH jdpNa xU

khjj;jpw;fhd rk;gsj;ij kl;LNk nfhLj;jpUe;jhH. mwpTil> kdpj chpikfs;

fz;fhzpg;gj;jpw;F $wpajhtJ:

v[khdp vd;dplk; rk;gsg; gzj;ij ehd; ehL jpUk;Gk;NghJ

jUtjhff; $wpdhH. NghH njhlq;fpaNghJ mtH vd;id

282 ILO rkthak; ,y.29> gyte;jkhd my;yJ fl;lhag;gLj;jg;gl;l Ntiy njhlHghdJ.

(fl;lha Ntiy njhlHghd rkthak;)> [_d; 19> 1930 ,y; Vw;Wf;nfhs;sg;gl;lJ. 39 U.N.T.S 55 mKYf;F ,lg;gl;lJ Nk 1> 1932 cWg;Giu 2(1).

99

ehl;Lf;Fr; nry;y mDkjpf;ftpy;iy. mtH jdpNa 100 mnkhpf;f

nlhyHfis kl;LNk nfhLj;jhH. mJjhd; Muk;gj;jpy;

nfhLg;gdT nra;ag;gl;l xNu njhif> mjd; gpd;dH mtH

midj;Jr; rk;gsj;ijAk; NrHj;J xd;whf ehd; ehL jpUk;Gk;NghJ

jUtjhff; $wpdhH. MapDk; mtH mij vdf;F juNtapy;iy.

ehd; 2004> [_d; khjk; mq;F nrd;Nwd;> vdJ Kjy;

nfhLg;gdthf 100 mnkhpf;f nlhyHfisAk; me;j

khjj;jpNyNa ngw;Nwd;. mjd; gpd;dH vdf;F rk;gsk; vJTk;

jug;gltpy;iy... ehd; nga;&l;by; jq;fpapUe;Njd;> NghH

njhlq;fpaJk; n\y; tPr;Rf;fs; kw;Wk; Fz;L tPr;Rf;fspd;

rj;jq;fs; Nfl;ld. vd;dhy; fz;%l Kbatpy;iy. ehd; ehL

jpUk;gyhkh vd v[khdpaplk; Nfl;lNghJ mjw;F kWg;Gj;

njhptpj;jhH. vd;idg; NghfNtz;lhnkd;W $wpaJld;> ehd;

Nghtjhf ,Ue;jhy; vdJ rk;gsg; gzj;jpid juKbahnjdTk;

$wpdhH. ,e;jtplk; ghJfhg;ghdJ vd;gjhy; vijg; gw;wpAk;

ftiyg;glj; Njitapy;iynad;W $wpdhH. MapDk; Fz;L tPr;Rj;

rj;jq;fshy; vd;dhy; fz;Zwq;f Kbatpy;iy.283

,Wjpapy; mwpTil jdJ Ntiynfhs;NthhplkpUe;J jg;gpNahbdhH. mtH

gzpnra;j fhyk; KOtJk; jLj;J itj;jpUe;j Ntiy nfhs;NthhplkpUe;J

mtuJ flTr; rPl;ilNah my;yJ ,uz;L tUlfhykhf nfhLg;gdT

nra;ag;glhkypUe;j mtUf;Fr; NruNtz;ba gzj;ijNah mtuhy; kPsg;

ngw;Wf;nfhs;s Kbatpy;iy.

wpahj;jpYs;s ,yq;ifj; J}jufj;jpy; kdpj chpikfs; fz;fhzpg;gfj;;;;;jhy;

NeHfhzy; nra;ag;gl;l hp. Nuhfpzpapd; epiyikfs; fl;lha Ntiyf;fhdnjhU

epiyiktiu caHe;jJ. rT+jp mNugpahtpy; mtUf;F gps;isNgW Kbtile;j

gpd; Ntiyia tpl;L tpyf tpUk;gpaNghJk;> mtuJ Ntiynfhs;NthH mtH

Ntiyia tpl;L tpyfpdhy; nfhLg;gdT nra;ahky; epWj;jp itj;jpUf;Fk;

mtUf;Fr; NruNtz;ba ehd;F tUl rk;gs epYit jug;glkhl;lhnjd mtiu

mr;RWj;jpdH. mtuJ Ntiy nfhs;NthH nfhLf;f Ntz;ba rk;gs epYit

RkhH 5200 m. nlhyHfs;tiu ,Uf;Fk;. ,J mtH jdJ Ml;NrHg;Gf;

fl;lzq;fis nrYj;Jtjw;fhf cs;@hpy; ngw;wpUe;j 400 m.nlhyHfs;

tiuapyhd fld;njhifiaAk; cs;slf;fpapUe;jJ. mtH $wpaJ:

ehd; 2002 ngg;nuthp khjj;jpy; te;Njd;. ,q;F te;J Ie;J tUlq;fs;

,Uf;Fk;. MdhYk; ehd; xU tUl rk;gsj;jpid kl;LNk ngw;Nwd;. ehd;

tUk;NghJ fHg;gkhf ,Ue;Njd;… ehd;F khjq;fs; Ntiy nra;Njd;. gpd;dH

Foe;ij fpilj;jJ. gpd;dH ehd; njhlHe;Jk; Ntiy nra;Njd;.

283 vr;. mwpTilAldhd kdpj chpikfs; fz;fhzpg;gfj;jpd; NeHfhzy;> `guhJt> ,yq;if.

etk;gH 14> 2006.

100

vd;id ,yq;iff;F jpUk;g mDg;Gk;gb mtHfsplk; kd;whbNdd;. Mdhy;

mtHfs; vd;id tpLtpg;gjhf ,y;iy. vd;dplk; xU wpahy;

gzk;$l ,Uf;ftpy;iy. ehd; vdJ rk;gsj;jpw;fhfTk;> tpkhdg;

gazr;rPl;bw;fhfTk; fhj;Jf; nfhz;bUe;Njd;. ehd; Foe;ijiaAk; ftdpj;Njd;;.

Mdhy; Ntiy nra;aNtz;bAk; ,Ue;jJ. Foe;ijf;fhd ghy;kh> cilfs;

vd;gtw;iw mtHfs; nfhLj;j xUtUl rk;gsg; gzj;jpypUe;J thq;fpNdd;.

fhiy 5 kzpf;F vOk;gp tPl;bYs;s Foe;ijfisg; ghlrhiyf;F mDg;GNtd;.

me;j tPl;by; 11 Foe;ijfs; cs;sd. vdf;F Xa;TNeuk; vd;W nrhy;tjw;F

vJTkpy;iy. vdJ Foe;ijf;Fg; ghY}l;Lk; me;jnthU rpwpa NeuNk

vdf;fpUe;j Xa;thFk;. ehd; ,yq;iff;F jpUk;g Ntz;Lk;. vd;dplk; gzkpy;iy.

vt;thW ehd; ,e;jg; gps;isiaAk; nfhz;L ,yq;iff;F nry;tJ? vdf;F

Ntz;banjy;yhk; ,yq;iff;Fg; Nghtnjhd;Wjhd;. ,yq;ifapy; vdf;F 45>000

&gha;fs; (400 m.nlhyHfs;) tiu flDs;sJ. vdJ gps;isfSf;Fk;

gzkpy;iy.284

mNj Ntiynfhs;NthUf;fhf 5 tUlq;fs; Ntiynra;j gpd;dH Nuhfpzp jdJ

jdpg;gl;l cilikfs; vJTkpd;wp ,yq;ifj; J}jufj;jpw;F jg;gpr; nrd;whH.

kdpj chpikfs; fz;fhzpg;gfk; mtiu NeHfhzy; nra;j NtisapYk; $l

mthpw;Fr; Nru Ntz;ba 4 tUl rk;gs epYitia kPsg; ngwKbatpy;iy.

tPl;Lg; gzpahsHfsJ gzpfs; jd;dpr;irahditahf mikahjtplj;J rpy

gzpahsHfSf;F> jpUk;gpr; nry;tjw;fhd tpkhdg; gazj;jpd; fl;lzj;ij

nrYj;j Ntz;Lnkd;fpd;w epjp hPjpapyhd mr;RWj;jy; fl;lha

Ntiyf;fhdnjhU epiyikia cUthf;fyhk;. gzpahsHfspd; njhopy;

xg;ge;jk; G+Hj;jpahdjd; gpd;dH my;yJ ,uz;L tUl Nritf;fhyk;

Kbtile;jjd; gpd;dH tPl;Lg; gzpahsHfs; jpUk;gpr; nry;tjw;fhd tpkhdf;

fl;lzj;ij Ntiynfhs;NthH toq;Fjy; Ntz;Lnkd;gJ nghJthd

eilKiwnad;gJld; xg;ge;jj;jpYk; ,J mjpfk; Fwpg;gplg;gl;bUf;Fk;. kdpj

chpikfs; fz;fhzpg;gfj;jpw;F rpy gzpahsHfs; $Wifapy;> jq;fsJ

xg;ge;jk; G+Hj;jpailAk; tiu J\;gpuNahfq;fisAk; nghWj;Jf; nfhz;L

gzpfisj; njhlHe;jjhff; Fwpg;gpl;ldH. md;Nwy; xg;ge;jfhyj;jpw;F Kd;ghf

Ntiyia ,il epWj;jpdhy; mtHfs; 3 my;yJ 4 khjr; rk;gsj;jpw;F rkdhd

jpUk;gpr; nry;tjw;fhd tpkhdf; fl;lzj;ij jhNk nrYj;j Ntz;bNaw;gLk;.

lgps;A+. N\hfpjhtpd; njhopy; xg;ge;jfhyk; Kbtile;j gpd;dUk;$l

gzpapypUe;J mtiu tpLtpg;gjw;F mtuJ Ntiynfhs;NthH kWj;jJld; mtH

Ntiy nra;tij epWj;jpdhy; jpUk;gpr; nry;tjw;fhd tpkhdf; fl;lzj;ij

epWj;jp itf;fg;NghtjhfTk; mr;RWj;jpdH.

284 hp. NuhfpzpAldhd kdpj chpikfs; fz;fhzpg;gfj;jpd; NeHfhzy;. wpahj;. rT+jp mNugpah>

brk;gH 14> 2006.

101

vdf;F neQ;Rtyp Vw;gl;ljhy; ehd; itj;jparhiyapy;

mDkjpf;fg;gl;Nld;. mjd; gpd;dH itj;jpaH> ehd; Xa;tpy;yhJ

Ntiy nra;jikahy; vd;id ,aYkhd tpiutpy; tPl;bw;F

jpUg;gpaDg;Gtjw;F Kaw;rpf;Fk;gb vdJ v[khdpf;F MNyhrid

$wpdhH. ehDk; vd;id jpUk;g mDg;Gk;gb Ntz;bNdd;. Mdhy;

mtNuh jpUg;gpaDg;Gtjw;F kWj;jJld; 3 tUlj;ijAk; ehd;

KOikahfg; G+Hj;jp nra;a Ntz;LnkdTk; $wpdhH. xg;ge;jj;jpd;

filrp tUlj;jpd; 8 khjq;fs; tiu mg;NghJ ehd; G+Hj;jp

nra;jpUe;Njd;. nfhOk;gpy; ehd; 2 tUl xg;ge;jnkhd;wpNyNa

ifnahg;gkpl;Nld;. Mdhy; v[khdpNah ehd; 3 tUlq;fSk;

KbtilAk; tiu Ntiy nra;jhy; kl;LNk ehd; jpUk;gp

tUtjw;fhd tpkhdg; gazj;jpw;fhd gzj;jpid jUNtndd;W

$wpdhH. mtH vd;whtnjhU ehs; vd;id jpUk;gpr; nry;y

tpLthuh my;yJ mjw;F mDkjpf;fhJ njhlHe;Jk; ,e;j

tPl;bNyNa gzpahw;Wtjw;F itj;jpUg;ghNuh vd;W Nahrpj;Njd;.285

,uz;L khjq;fspd; gpd;dH mtH jhd; ,yq;if jpUk;g Ntz;Lnkd

NfhhpaJld;> cz;zhtpujg; Nghuhl;lKk; nra;jhH. mtuJ Nghuhl;lj;jpd; Vohk;

ehsd;W mtuJ v[khdp mtH jpUk;gpr; nry;tjw;fhd tpkhdg; gazr;rPl;bid

thq;fpdhH. NtW rpy re;jHg;gq;fspy; njhopy; KftHfs;> tPl;Lg; gzpahsHfs;

jq;fs; NtiyfspypUe;J Kd;$l;bNa tpyfpdhy; jz;lg;gzk; mwptplg;gLnkd

mr;RWj;Jtjd; %yk; gzpahsHfis Ntiyfspy; njhlHe;JkpUf;f mOj;jk;

nfhLj;jdH. cjhuzkhf v];. kNdhwQ;rdp mGjhgpapy; czT kWf;fg;gLjy;

kw;Wk; toikf;F khwhd Ntiyg;gS cl;gl kpfTk; f\;lkhd epiyikfis

rfpj;Jf; nfhz;lhH. Vnddpy; njhopy; KftH mtH Ntiyapy; %d;W

khjq;fisg; G+Hj;jp nra;a Kd;dH Ntiynfhs;NthhplkpUe;J Ntwplj;jpw;F

khwpdhNyh my;yJ ,yq;iff;F jpUk;gpdhNyh jz;bf;fg;gLtnud

mr;RWj;jpdH: “vdJ xg;ge;jk; ,uz;liu tUlq;fspw;fhdJ. mGjhgp

te;jile;J %d;W khjq;fSf;Fs; Ntiyapid tpl;L ehd; tpyfpNdd;.

mGjhgpapYs;s KftUf;F ehd; 80>000 &gha;fs; (710 m.nlhyHfs;) nrYj;j

Ntz;Lnkd mtHfs; $wpdhHfs;… ehd; %d;W khjq;fSf;F Nky;

jq;fpapUe;jjw;F ,JTk; xU fhuzkhFk;.”286

gy re;jHg;gq;fspy; tPl;Lg; gzpahsHfs; Ntiynfhs;Nthhpd; Ml;NrHg;Gf;

fl;lzj;ij kPs;nrYj;Jk;tiu mtHfs; Ntiyia tpl;L tpyFtjw;F

mDkjpf;fhjNghJ mtHfs; fl;lha Ntiynad;fpd;w epiyikf;Fs; mfg;gl;Lf;

285 lgps;A+. N\hfpjTldhd kdpj chpikfs; fz;fhzpg;gfj;jpd; NeHfhzy;. Nffhiy etk;gH

19>2006.



102

nfhs;fpwhHfs;. ,e;j Ml;NrHg;Gf; fl;lzk; rT+jp mNugpahtpy; 750-1600

m.nlhyHfshfTk;> Fitj; kw;Wk; nygdhdpy; 1000-1100 m. nlhyHfshfTk;

kw;Wk; If;fpa muGfs; ,uhr;rpaj;jpy; m.nlhyHfs; 450-1100 MfTk;

fhzg;gLfpd;wJ.287 b. N\hgdpapd; Fitj; ehl;L v[khdp mtH xg;ge;jj;jpidg;

G+Hj;jp nra;ahtpl;lhy; 1020 m.nlhyHfisr; nrYj;j Ntz;Lnkdf; NfhhpdhH.

v[khdp> xU tPl;Lg; gzpg;ngz;zhf vd;id

mkHj;Jtjw;F ,uz;L tUlj;jpw;F 250 Fitj; bdhHfs; (888

m.nlhyHfs;) nryT nra;jjhff; $wpdhH. mj;Jld; vdJ tprh

mDkjpf;fhf 30 bdhHfSk; (107 m.nlhyHfs;) kw;Wk; vdf;F

nfhLj;jpUe;j xU milahs ml;ilf;fhf 15 bdhHfSk; (53

m.nlhyHfs;) nryT nra;jjhff; $wpdhH. ehd; ,yq;if

jpUk;Gtjhf ,Ue;jhy; vdf;fhf mtH nrytpl;l ,e;jg;

gzj;ijnay;yhk; (RkhH 1047 m.nlhyHfs;) ehd; kPs;nrYj;j

Ntz;Lnkdf; $wpdhH. mg;nghOJ cq;fsJ gzpg;ngz;zhf

tUtjw;F ehDk; xU KftUf;F gzk; nrYj;jpNdd;..... vdf;

$wpNdd;. MapDk; mjw;F mtH> “ePnadf;F vd; gzj;jpidj;

je;Jtpl;L ,yq;iff;Fg; Ngha; vd;d Ntz;LkhapDk; nra;

vd;wJld;> vdJ gzj;jpidj; jpUk;gj; juhJtpl;lhy; vd;id ehL

jpUk;gtplkhl;Nld; vdTk; $wpdhH.288

b. N\hgdpapd; Ntiynfhs;NthH mtuJ flTr;rPl;bid jLj;J

itj;jpUe;jJld;> njhopy; Kftiu njhiyNgrpapy; mioj;J njhlHG nfhs;s

mDkjp kWj;jJld; tPl;il tpl;L ntspNawTk; mDkjpf;ftpy;iy. kdpj

chpikfs; fz;fhzpg;gfj;jpw;F vg;. E}H $Wifapy;> mtuJ Ntiynfhs;NthH

jd;id jhf;fpajd; gpd;dH jdJ njhopy; Kfthplk; jd;id jpUg;gpaDg;Gk;gb

Nfl;ljhff; $wpdhH. mjw;F Ntiy nfhs;NthH> “ehd; cd;id vq;fs;

tPl�;Lg; gzpg;ngz;zhf vLg;gjw;F KftUf;Fg; gzk; nrYj;jpapUf;fpNwd;>

ePnadf;F mg;gzj;jpid jpUg;gpr; nrYj;Jthahdhy; Kfthplk; cd;id

jpUg;gpaDg;GfpNwd; vd;whH.”289

kw;iwa re;jHg;gq;fspy; Ntiynfhs;NthH njhlHr;rpahf Ntiy nra;tjw;fhd

fl;lhag;gLj;jy;fSf;F cly; hPjpahd J\;gpuNahfk;> mjw;fhd mr;RWj;jy;

287 Xa;Tngw;w njhopy; KftnuhUtUldhd kdpj chpikfs; fz;fhzpg;gfj;jpd; NeHfhzy;.

(ngaH kiwf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ) nthOk;G> ,yq;if> etk;gH 18> 2006. `rhk; V yj;jPg; (njhopy;

KftH my;-mf;̀ Pk; vd;ugpiur]; epWtdk;(jdpahH epWtdk;) cldhd kdpj chpikfs;

fz;fhzpg;gfj;jpd; NeHfhzy;> FUehfy;> ,yq;if> etk;gH 3> 2006.

288 v];. N\hgdpAldhd kdpj chpikfs; fz;fhzpg;gfj;jpd; NeHfhzy;> fz;b> ,yq;if>

etk;gH 10> 2006.

289 vg;. E}Uldhd kdpj chpikfs; fz;fhzpg;gfj;jpd; NeHfhzy;> mj;jdfiy> ,yq;if>

etk;gH 8> 2006.

103

my;yJ mjpfhhpfsplk; Kiwaplg; Nghtjhf tPl;Lg; gzpahsHfis kpul;Ljy;

Nghd;w Kiwfisg; gad;gLj;jpdH. xU tPl;Lg; gzpg;ngz; $Wifapy;>

“ mtHfs; vd;id mbj;Jg; gaKWj;jpajhy; ehd; mq;F njhlHe;Jk;

jq;fpapUe;Njd;. rpyrkaq;fspy; mtHfs; ‘cd;idg; gw;wp Kfthplk;

KiwapLNthk;. Fitj; vq;fsJ ehL> cd;idg; gpbj;Jr; nry;tjw;f nghyPir

vq;fshy; miof;f KbAnkd’ $WthHfs;”> vd;whH.290

kw;WnkhU tPl;Lg; gzpg;ngz; vq;fsplk; $wpajhtJ> jd;kPJ cly; hPjpahdJk;>

tha; thHj;ijfs; %ykhd J\;gpuNahfq;fs; kw;Wk; jdJ kjj;jpid

topgLtjw;fhd fl;Lg;gLj;jy;fshy; jhd; nygdhid tpl;L ntspNaw

vz;zpdhYk; mjw;F Ntiy nfhs;NthH nfhLj;j gy mr;RWj;jy;fshy; jhd;

mtw;iw rfpj;Jf; nfhz;ljhf $wpdhH:

ehd; vdJ v[khdpaplk; ehL jpUk;gg; Nghtjhff; $wpNdd;.

mjw;F mtH> ,g;gbj;jhd; ,jw;F Kd;dh; ,Ue;j gzpg;ngz;Zk;

Nghtjw;fhf fjtpy; ifapid itj;J ifia Kwpj;Jf;

nfhz;lhH> cdf;Fk; mJjhd; elf;Fnkd;whH. ehd; cz;ikapy;

mr;rkile;Njd;. mj;Jld; mtH nghyPir tutiof;fg;

NghtjhfTk; kpul;bdhH. mjw;F ehd; “Mk;> ey;yJ”> ehd; ,q;F xU jtWk; nra;atpy;iyj;jhNd> vdNt nghyPir

tutioAq;fs; vd;Nwd;. mjw;F mtH vd;idg; gzpg;ngz;zhf

jUtpg; gjw;fhf KftUf;F mtH gzk; nfhLj;jjhfTk;> mjid

vd;dplkpUe;Nj mwtpl Ntz;LnkdTk; $wpdhH. Mdhy; mtUf;F

ehd; gznkjidAk; nfhLg;gjw;fhf flikg;gl;bUf;ftpy;iy

vd;gJ vdf;Fj; njhpAk;.291

Gyk;ngaHe;Njhhpd; flTr;rPl;Lf;fis jLj;J itj;jpUf;Fk; Ntiynfhs;Nthhpd;

eltbf;iffs; fl;lha Ntiyf;fhd xU epiyikia cUthf;Ftjw;F

gq;fspf;fpd;wd. If;fpa muGfs; ,uhr;rpaj;jpd; nra;jpg; gj;jphpifapy;

Fwpg;gpl;lJ Nghd;W If;fpa muGfs; ,uhr;rpaj;jpd; njhopy; mikr;rpd; rl;lg;

gphpTg; gzpg;ghsH jpU.mhpg; kpHrh> “gzpahsHfsJ flTr;rPl;Lf;fis jLj;J

itg;gJ fl;lha Ntiyf;F cl;gLj;Jtjhf miktJld; mJ If;fpa

muGfs; ,uhr;rpak; Vw;Ws;sjhf ifnahg;gkpl;bUf;Fk; rHtNjr

njhopy; ];jhgdj;jpd; fl;lha Ntiyia xopf;Fk; rkthaj;ij kPWtjhfTk;

290 vd;. `pdpAldhd kdpj chpikfs; fz;fhzpg;gfj;jpd; NeHfhzy;> jp`hhp> ,yq;if>

etk;gH 8> 2006.

291 R[Ptdp kj;jhuha;r;rpAldhd (Ntz;LNfhspw;fika cz;ikg; ngaH Fwpg;gplg;gl;Ls;sJ)

kdpj chpikfs; fz;fhzpg;gfj;jpd; NeHfhzy;. nfhOk;G> ,yq;if> etk;gH 3> 2006.

104

mikfpwJ.”292 vd;gijAk; Vw;Wf; nfhz;lhH. kdpj chpikfs; fz;fhzpg;gfk;

NeHfhzy; nra;j NtW rpy tPl;Lg; gzpahsHfs;> flTr;rPl;L ,y;yhky; Xbj;

jg;Gtjpdhy; Vw;glf;$ba gpd;tpisTfis vz;zp mjd; gaj;jhy; Ntiy

epiyikfis rfpj;Jf; nfhz;ljhf njhptpj;jdH. flTr;rPl;L ,y;yhky;

mjpfhhpfshy; gpbgl;lhy; jhk; ifJ nra;ag;glNth my;yJ jLj;J

itf;fg;glyhk; vd mQ;rpajhf gyH kdpj chpikfs; fz;fhzpg;gfj;Jf;F

$wpdH. If;fpa muGfs; ,uhr;rpaj;jpd; Lgha; efhpy; tPl;Lg; gzpg;ngz;zhf

gzpahw;wpa 24 taJila xU ngz; $wpdhH:

ehd; jpUk;gp tPL nry;tjw;fhf vdJ flTr;rPl;ilj; jUk;gb vdJ v[khidf;

Nfl;lNghJ mtH vd;id mbj;jJld;> flTr;rPl;il jUtjw;Fk; kWj;jhH...

Vw;fdNt Ie;J khjq;fs; tiu ehd; Ntiy nra;J Kbj;jpUe;Njd;. mtH

vdJ flTr;rPl;bidj; ju tUlq;fs; Kbtjw;F Kd;dH ehd;

me;j ,lj;ij tpl;Lg; Nghtjw;F mDkjpf;fkhl;Nld; vd;Wk; $wpdhH....

MfNt ehd; ,uz;L tUlq;fs; jq;fp xg;ge;jj;ij Kbj;Jf; nfhz;L ehL

jpUk;gpNdd;... vdf;F Ntnwe;j khw;Wj; njhpTfSk; ,Uf;ftpy;iy. ehd;

tPl;il tpl;L Xbg;Ngha; nghyprpy; mfg;gl;L NkYk; gpur;rpidfspy; rpf;f

tpUk;gtpy;iy. ,yq;ifapy; ehd; 12 ehs; gapw;rpnahd;iwg; ngw;wpUe;Njd;.

gapw;rpapd;NghJ> ePq;fs; jg;gpNahb nghyprpy; mfg;gl;lhy; NkYk; gy

gpur;rpidfis vjpHnfhs;s NehpLk; vd gapw;WeH vq;fSf;Ff; $wpapUe;jhH.293

,yq;if> rT+jp mNugpah> Fitj;> nygdhd; kw;Wk; If;fpa muGfs; ,uhr;rpak;

vd;gd Vw;W mq;fPfhpj;j rHtNjr njhopy; ];jhgdj;jpd; fl;lha Ntiy kPjhd

rkthak; ,y.29> fl;lha Ntiyia “vtnuhUthplkpUe;Jk; VNjDk; jz;lid

vDk; mr;RWj;jypd; fPohfTk; kw;Wk; mjw;F me;egH jd;dpr;irahf jd;id

mHg;gzpf;fhj tifapy; type;J ngwg;gLk; midj;J Ntiyfs; my;yJ

Nritfs;”294 vd tiutpyf;fzg;gLj;JfpwJ. rHtNjr njhopy; ];jhgdk;

fl;lha Ntiy vd;gjd; ,uz;L Kf;fpakhd mk;rq;fspd; mHj;jq;fis

njspTgLj;JfpwJ: (1) VNjDk; jz;lid vd;fpd;w mr;RWj;jypy; type;J

ngwg;gLfpd;w Ntiy kw;Wk; (2) jd;dpr;irapd;wp Nkw;nfhs;sg;gly;. rHtNjr

njhopy; ];jhgdk; jz;lidf;Fhpa jFjp ngWk; mk;rq;fis tphpthf

gl;baypl;Ls;sJld; fl;lha Ntiy epiyikfisr; Rl;bf; fhl;LfpwJ. ,e;j

mwpf;iff;fhf NeHfhzg;gl;l gy tPl;Lg; gzpahsHfs; ,t;tpuz;L my;yJ

Nkw;gl;l mk;rq;fspd; NrHf;ifia mDgtpj;jpUf;fpwhHfs;.

292 rkPH ryhkh> “flTr;rPl;Lf;fis jLj;J itg;gJ “fl;lha NtiyahFk;”> fy;/g; epA+];>

(Lgha;> I.m.,)[_d; 13> 2006. http://archive.gulfnews.com/articles/06/06/13/10046487.html (accessed September 6, 2007). 293 vd;. ck;KTldhd kdpj chpikfs; fz;fhzpg;gfj;jpd; NeHfhzy;. `guhJt> ,yq;if>

etk;gH 14> 2006.

294 fl;lhaNtiy njhlHghd rkthak; cWg;Giu 2(1)

105

1. cly; hPjpahd my;yJ ghypay td;Kiw: rHtNjr

njhopy; ];jhgdj;jpd;gb> Ntiynfhs;NthH my;yJ njhopy;

KftHfs;> xU njhopyhsH my;yJ neUf;f khdtHfSf;F vjpuhf

“cly; hPjpahd my;yJ ghypay; td;Kiwfis mr;RWj;jy; my;yJ

Ghpjy;” %yk; gzpahsHfsplkpUe;J Ntiyfis type;J ngwf;

$Lk;.295

2. gzpahshpd; elkhl;lk; kPjhd fl;Lg;ghL: “jLj;J itj;jpUj;jy; %yk;

njhopyhsHfsplkpUe;J tYf;fl;lhakhf Ntiyiag; ngw;Wf;

nfhs;Sk; xU nghJthd topKiw. MjuthfTs;s r%fj;Jldhd

njhlHGfis mNefk; jLf;Fk; Nehf;Fld; NtiyahsHfis

Ntiyj;jyj;jpy; milj;J itj;jy; my;yJ mtHfsJ

elkhl;lq;fis xU FWfpa ,lj;jpw;Fs; fl;Lg;gLj;Jjy;”> vd rHtNjr njhopy; ];jhgdk; Fwpg;gpLfpwJ.

296

3. fld; gpiz/gpizAld; $ba ciog;G: ,J> NtiyahnshUtH

Ml;NrHg;G eilKiwfspd; NghJ Vw;gl;bUf;f $banjhU flidg;

gFjpastpy; my;yJ KOikahf nrYj;Jtjw;fhf gzpahw;Wifapy;

epfo;fpwJ. ,e;jf; fld; Kbtpy;yhjJ. Vnddpy; xUGwj;Nj

toq;fg;gLk; Ntiy my;yJ Nrit Fiwj;J kjpg;gplg;gLifapy;

kWGwj;Nj Ntiynfhs;Nthuhy; czT kw;Wk; ,ltrjpfs; vd;gd

mjpfhpj;j tpiyg; ngWkhdq;fspy; toq;fg;glf; $Lnkd;gjhy;

njhopyhsuhy; ,e;jf; fldpypUe;J jg;GtJ kpfTk; fbdk;.297

4. Ntjdq;fis epWj;jp itj;jy;> njhopyhsUf;F KOikahf nfhLf;f

kWj;jy; kw;Wk; Vida gzhPjpapyhd jz;lq;fs;: ,J njhopyhsHfs;

nfhLg;gdit vjpHghHj;J gzpahw;WtH. Mdhy; Ntiynfhs;NthH>

njhopyhsHfs; Ntjdj;jpypUe;J njhiffis epWj;jp itf;Fk;

epiyikfis cs;slf;FfpwJ.298

5. flTr;rPl;Lf;fs; kw;Wk; milahsg;gLj;Jk; Mtzq;fis jLj;J

itj;jy;: rHtNjr njhopy; ];jhgdk;> Ntiynfhs;NthH

njhopyhsnuhUthpd; flTr;rPl;L my;yJ milahsg;gLj;Jk;

Mtzq;fis jLj;J itj;jpUg;gJ”> njhopyhsHfs; kdjpy; jhq;fs; mtw;iw Ntiynfhs;Nthhplk; rkHg;gpf;f Ntz;Lnkd;fpd;w NghJkhd

295 rHtNjr njhopy; ];jhgdk;> Ml;flj;jy; kw;Wk; fl;lha Ntiyfs; %ykhd Ruz;ly;fs;>

g.20@ rHtNjr njhopy; ];jhgdk;> fl;lha Ntiyf;nfjpuhf XH cyff; $l;L:rHtNjr njhopy;

];jhgdj;jpd; Ntiyapy; mbg;gilf; Nfhl;ghLfs; kw;Wk; chpikfs; kPjhd gpufldj;jpd; gpw;

njhlHr;rpapd; fPohd cyf mwpf;if (n[dPth@ ILO, 2005) http://www.ilo.org/dyn/declaris/DECLARATIONWEB.DOWNLOAD_BLOB?Var_DocumentID=5059 (accessed May 2, 2007), pp.5-6 Box 1.1 296 rHtNjr njhopy; ];jhgdk;> Ml;flj;jy; kw;Wk; fl;lha Ntiyfs; %ykhd Ruz;ly;. g.20.

297 mNj Mjhu %yk;.

298 mNj Mjhu %yk;@ rHtNjr njhopy; ];jhgdj;jpd; fl;lha Ntiyf;nfjpuhd XH cyff;

$l;L. gf;fk; 5-6> Box 1.1

106

mr;rj;ij mNefk; Vw;gLj;JfpwJ”> ,jdhy; gzpahw;Wk;

njhopyhsnuhUtH jdJ milahsj;ij my;yJ Njrpaj;ij

ep&gpf;f ,ayhky; Vw;gLk;.299

6. mjpfhhpfsplk; ifaspg;gjhf mr;RWj;jy;: nghyP]; my;yJ FbtuT

cj;jpNahfj;jHfs; Nghd;w mjpfhhpfsplk; ifaspf;fg;Nghtjhf

my;yJ ehL flj;jg;NghtJ Nghd;w mr;RWj;jy;fis cs;slf;FfpwJ.

“,t;tr;RWj;jy;fs; Nfhhpf;ifia tpLf;Fk; eghpdhy; Vw;gLj;jg;gLk;

nray;fSld; njhlHGgl;ljhf ,Uf;f Ntz;ba

Njit” ,y;yhjjhf ,Uf;fyhk;.300

7. jw;Nghija njhopypUe;J NtiyePf;fk; my;yJ vjpHfhy njhopy;

tha;g;Gf;fspypUe;J tpyf;Fjy;:301

8. chpikfs; my;yJ tug;gpurhjq;fis ePf;Fjy;: “VNjDk;

jz;lidf;fhd mr;RWj;jy;” vd;gJ Fw;wtpay; jilfSf;fhd

mr;RWj;jy;fs; kl;Lkd;wp> “chpikfs; my;yJ

tug;gpurhjq;fis ,of;FNkhH epiyia” vLg;gijAk;

cs;slf;FfpwJ.302

Ntiy jd;dpr;irapd;wp Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;Ls;sjh vd;gij jPHkhdpg;gjw;F

rHtNjr njhopy; ];jhgdk; rk;kjj;ijg; ngWtjw;F Vkhw;Wjy; my;yJ Nkhrb

gad;gLj;jg; gl;bUf;fpd;wjh vd;gjpid kl;Lk; ftdj;jpy; nfhs;shJ

ntspthhpahd fl;Lg;gLj;jy;fs;> kiwKfkhd tYf;fl;lhaq;fs; kw;Wk;

nfhLf;fg;gl;l rk;kjj;ij RahjPdkhf ,uj;Jr; nra;af;$ba rhj;jpaq;fisAk;

ftdj;jpy; nfhz;lJ.303

Nkw;ghHit nra;Ak; rHtNjr njhopy; ];jhgdj;jpd;gb>

“vq;F Gyk;ngaH gzpahsHfs; Vkhw;Wjy;fs;> ngha; thf;FWjpfs; kw;Wk;

milahs Mtzq;fisj; jLj;J itj;jy; my;yJ Ntiynfhs;Nthhpd;

jPHkhdj;jpd;gb fl;lhakhf jq;fpapUj;jy; vd;gtw;wpw;F Mshfpd;wdNuh mq;F

jd;dpr;iraw;wjhf fUjg;glf;$ba NtiyfSf;F xU gzpahsH Muk;gj;jpy;

299 rHtNjr njhopy; ];jhgdk;> Ml;flj;jy; kw;Wk; fl;lha Ntiyfs; %ykhd Ruz;ly;fs;.

gf;fk; 21.

300 mNj Mjhu %yk;

301 rHtNjr njhopy; ];jhgdk; fl;lha Ntiyf;nfjpuhd XH cyff; $l;L. pp. 5-6 Box 1.1

302 mNj Mjhu %yk;: rHtNjr njhopyhsH kfhehL> “fl;lha Ntiy rkthak; njhlHghd

mwpf;iffspd; nghJ kjpg;gha;T> 1930(,y.29) kw;wk; mbikj; njhopiy xopj;jy; kPjhd

rkthak; 1975(,y.105): rkthaq;fspd; gpuNahfk; kw;Wk; ghpe;Jiufs; kPjhd epGzHfs; FOtpd;

mwpf;if”> mwpf;if 111> 65tJ mkHT (n[dPth: ILO , 1979) ge;jp 21.

303 rHtNjr njhopy; ];jhgdk; fl;lha Ntiyf;nfjpuhd XH cyff; $l;L> g.6

107

jk; rk;kjj;jpidj; njhptpg;gjhf fhzg;glyhk;.304

nfhLf;fg;gl;l rk;kjj;ij

gzpahsHfs; RahjPdkhf ,uj;Jr; nra;a

KbAnkd rHtNjr njhopy; ];jhgdk; Fwpg;gpLfpd;wJ. “jq;fs; Ra Vw;ghl;bw;fika fl;lha Ntiy epiyikfSf;Fs; cs;EioAk; gyH gpd;dH

jq;fsJ NtiyapypUe;J Rje;jpukhf ntspNaw Kbahnjd;gjid gpd;dNu

czHe;J nfhs;fpwhHfs;”.305 Mifahy;> njhopyhsHfspd; Ntiytha;g;Gf;fis

Rje;jpukhf njhpT nra;Ak; chpik me;epag;gLj;jg;gl Kbahjjhy;306 rHtNjr

njhopy; ];jhgdk;> “njhopyhsH njhopiy tpl;L tpyFtjd; kPjhd

fl;Lg;ghl;Lf;F cl;gLtjhf Rje;jpukhd tifapy; ,zq;fpapUe;jhYk; $l mJ

fl;lha NtiyahfNt fUjg;gLk;”307> vd;W $WfpwJ. rHtNjr

njhopy; ];jhgdj;jpd;gb rk;kjkpd;ik my;yJ jd;dpr;irapy;yhj

Ntiyifspd; cjhuzq;fs;: Ntiy nra;Akplq;fspy; jLj;J itf;fg;gly;>

cstpay; hPjpahf fl;lhag;gLj;jg;gly; (jz;lidf;fhd

mr;RWj;jy; ,Ug;gjw;fhd ek;gj;jFe;j gpd;dzpapypUe;J tpLf;fg;gl;l fl;lis

Nghd;wit)> ngUg;gpf;fg;gl;l fld;gly; jd;ik (jtwhd fzf;Ffs;> mjpfhpj;j

tpiyfs;> $ba tl;bf; fl;lzq;fs; Nghd;wit) Ntiyfspd; jd;ikfs;

kw;Wk; epge;jidfs; gw;wpa Vkhw;wq;fs; kw;Wk; ngha; thf;FWjpfs;>

Ntjdq;fis epWj;jp itj;jy; kw;Wk; nrYj;jhik> milahsg;gLj;Jk;

Mtzq;fs; my;yJ ngWkjpahd jdpg;gl;l cilikfis jLj;J

itj;jpUj;jy; vd;gtw;iw cs;slf;Ffpd;wd.308

fl;lha Ntiy ,yq;ifapy; rl;ltpjpfspd; fPo; rl;ltpNuhjkhdJld;309

kw;Wk;

If;fpa muGfs; ,uhr;rpak;> Fitj; kw;Wk; nygdhd; ehLfspy; Fw;wtpay;

Nfhit fl;lhag; gLj;Jk; Ntiyfis Vw;gLj;Jk; elj;ijfis

304 rHtNjr njhopy; ];jhgdk; > kdpjf; flj;jy; kw;Wk; fl;lha Ntiyfs; %ykhd Ruz;ly;>

g.23.

305 rHtNjr njhopy; ];jhgdk;> fl;lha Ntiyf;nfjpuhd xU cyf $l;L> g>6

306 rHtNjr njhopy; ];jhgdk;> Ntiyfspd; mbg;gil chpikfs; kw;Wk; rHtNjr njhopy;

juq;fs; (n[dPth> 2003) pp. 36-38. 307

rHtNjr njhopy; ];jhgdk; > kdpjf; flj;jy; kw;Wk; fl;lha Ntiyfs; %ykhd

Ruz;ly;> g.23.

308 rHtNjr njhopy; ];jhgdk; fl;lha Ntiyf;nfjpuhd XH cyff; $l;L. g.6 Box 1.1

309 ,yq;if Fw;wtpay; Nfhit ,y.2> 1883> gphpT 358 (A) jpUj;jpa Fw;wtpay; Nfhit

(jpUj;jg;gl;lJ) ,y.16> 2006> gphpT 7. (xU Fw;wtpay; Fw;wj;jpw;fhd tplakhf my;yJ

fhuzkhf Mf;Ftjw;F ahNuDk; egnuhUtH fl;lha my;yJ tw;GWj;jpa Ntiyf;fhshtJ>

“VNjDk; jz;lidnaDk; mr;RWj;jypd; fPo; egnuhUthplkpUe;J mtuhy; jd;dpr;irahf jhkhf

Kd;te;J toq;fg;glhJ gyte;jkhfg; ngwg;gLk; midj;J Ntiyfs; my;yJ Nritfs;) vd

tiutpyf;fzg;gLj;JfpwJ.

108

jilnra;fpd;wJ.310

rT+jp mNugpah mjd; njhopy; rl;lf;Nfhit %yk; fl;lha

Ntiyiaj; jz;bf;fpwJ.311

Ntiynfhs;Sk; ehLfspYs;s njhopy; KftHfshy;

Nkw;nfhs;sg;gLk; Ruz;ly; eilKiwfs;

vdJ v[khdp vd;id xU K];ypk; Kfthplk; ifaspj;jhH.

mq;fpUe;jtHfs; vd;id ,Lg;Gg; gl;bahy; mbj;jdH. mq;nfhU

K];ypk; ngz;Zk; ,Ue;jhH. mtH jdJ iffshy; vdJ

fd;dj;jpy; miwe;jhH. ehd; kpfTk; nehe;J Ngha;tpl;Nld;.... ehd;

me;j Ntiynfhs;NthUld; %d;W khjq;fs; tiuapyhtJ ,Uf;f

Ntz;LnkdTk;> %d;W khjq;fspd; gpd;dNu vd;dhy; jg;gpNahl

KbAnkd;Wk; mtHfs; $wpdhHfs;. Mdhy; vg;gbj;

jg;gpNahLtnjd vdf;Fj; njhpatpy;iy.... ehd; me;j

Kfthplk; ,Uf;Fk;NghJ $bafhykpUe;J Ntiy

nra;tjw;NfJthf NtW ey;ynjhU Ntiy nfhs;Nthiu khw;wpj;

jUkhW Nfl;Nld;. MapDk; mtHfs; mjidr; nra;atpy;iy...

ehd; me;j Kfthplk; kPz;Lk; kWKiw nrd;wNghJ.... me;j

KftH jpUk;gTk; jdJ ,Lg;Gg; gl;bahy; vd;id mbj;jhH.

mtHfs; mbj;jjpy; vdf;F rpWePUld; ,uj;jk; NghdJ. mtHfs;

vd;id mbg;gjw;F ,Lg;Gg; gl;biaNa gad;gLj;jpdH. KftH

vd;id Ie;J ehl;fs; tiu Xuiwapy; G+l;bitj;jhH.312

310 nygdhdpa Fw;wtpay; Nfhit> cWg;Giu 569 (“xU Ntiyia epiwNtw;Wtjw;fhf”>

jdpg;gl;l Rje;jpuj;ij ,of;fr; nra;tij jLj;jy; kw;Wk; egnuhUtuJ ,of;fg;gl;l jdpg;gl;l

Rje;jpuj;ij gad;gLj;Jtij jil nra;jy;): Fitj; Fw;wtpay; Nfhit> cWg;Giu

173(ghjpf;fg;gl;l xUtiu VNjDk; nra;tpg;gjw;fhf fl;lhag;gLj;Jk; Nehf;fpy; mtUf;F

cly;hPjpahd jPq;F my;yJ mtuJ ew;ngaH my;yJ cilikfSf;F Nrjk; tpistpg;gjhf

mr;RWj;Jk; vtH kPJk; jz;lid tpjpj;jy;) kw;Wk; cWg;Giu 121: Fw;wtpay; Nfhit kPjhd

1970 Mk; Mz;bd; Fitj;jpa jpUj;jr rl;ltpyf;fk; 31 cWg;Giufs; 49 kw;Wk; 57. (murpw;fhf

my;yJ nghJ mikg;gpw;fhf nghJj; Jiw mjpfhhpfs; my;yJ CopaHfs; njhopyhsH

xUtiu xU Ntiyapid epiwNtw;Wk;gb fl;lhag;gLj;Jjiy jil nra;jy;)@ If;fpa

muGfs; ,uhr;rpa ngluy; Fw;wtpay; Nfhit ,y.3 cWg;Giu 347. Fitj; murpay; mikg;G

cWg;Giu 42 IAk; ghHf;fTk;. (rl;lj;jpdhy; FWf;fpl;l Njrpa mtru epiyikfs; kw;Wk;

epahakhd Cjpaj;Jldhdit jtpu fl;lha Ntiyia jil nra;jy;.

311 fl;lha Ntiyia Fw;wtpay;gLj;Jk; tpNrlkhd rl;lthf;fq;fis rT+jp mNugpah

nfhz;bUf;f tpy;iy. njhopy; rl;lq;fs; Ntiynfhs;NthH “nfhLg;gdtpd;wpj; njhopyhsHfis

gad;gLj;Jtij Ntz;LfpwJ”> Ntz;LfpwJ. MapDk; mJ ,e;j Vw;ghl;bid kPWk;

Ntiynfhs;Nthhpd; kPJ xg;gPl;lstpy; ,Nyrhd jz;lidfisNa toq;FfpwJ. Vnddpy;

njhopy; rl;lk; tPl;Lg; gzpahsHfis cs;slf;ftpy;iy> mtHfs; ,e;j Vw;ghl;bdhy;

ghJfhf;fg;gltpy;iy. rT+jp mNugpa njhopy; rl;lk;. mur jPHit ,y.M/51, 23 Shaban 1426 nrg;nlk;gH 27> 2005). cWg;Giu 61>239 312 v];. re;jphpf;fhTldhd kdpj chpikfs; fz;fhzpg;gfj;jpd; NeHfhzy;.


109

—vr;. re;jphpf;fh> taJ 27. If;fpa muGfs; ,uhr;rpaj;jpd; Lgha;

efhpy; tPl;Lg; gzpg;ngz;zhf gzpahw;Wifapyhd mtuJ

mDgtq;fspypUe;J.

mjpf vz;zpf;if mstpyhd rk;gtq;fspy;> tPl;Lg; gzpahsHfs;

gpur;rpidfisj; jPHg;gjw;F my;yJ ey;ynjhU Ntiynfhs;Nthhplk; khwpr;

nry;tjw;fhd njhopy; KftHfis ehLtJ mjid tplg; ghhpa

J\;gpuNahfj;jpw;F ,l;Lr; nry;tjhfp tpLfpwJ. tPl;Lg; gzpahsHfs; jhq;fs;

Ntiy nra;Ak; ,lq;fspy; Vw;Wf;nfhs;s Kbahjstpyhd Ntiy epiyikfs;

my;yJ NtW J\;gpuNahfq;fis mDgtpf;ifapy; Ntiynfhs;Sk;

ehl;bYs;s njhopy; KftHfsplk; cjtpia ehLtJ nghJthdnjhd;whFk;.

rpy njhopy; KftHfs; Njitahd cjtpfis toq;Fifapy; kw;iwa

rpy KftHfs; tPl;Lg; gzpahsHfs; Ntiynfhs;NthhplkpUe;J jg;gpNahb te;J

cjtpia ehLk;NghJ mtHfis rpy rkaq;fspy; mbj;J mr;RWj;Jfpd;wdH.

njhopy; KftHfs; gzpg;ngz;fis kPz;Lk; mtHfisj; Jd;GWj;Jk;

Ntiynfhs;Nthhplk; fl;lhag;gLj;jp my;yJ gyte;jkhf jpUg;gpaDg;gpa

rk;gtq;fis kdpj chpikfs; fz;fhzpg;gfKk; Mtzg;gLj;jpAs;sJ. tPl;Lg;

gzpg; ngz;fis mtHfsJ Ntiynfhs;Sk; ,lq;fspNyNa ,Uf;fg;

gz;Ztjw;fhd njhopy; KftHfspd; fl;lhag;gLj;Jk; eltbf;iffs;

Ntiynfhs;Nthiu khw;Wtjw;F mjpfhpj;j fl;lz mwtpLjy;fisAk;

cs;slf;fpAs;sJ. kdpj chpikfs; Mtzg; gLj;jpa gy rk;gtq;fspy; tPl;Lg;

gzpahsHfis Neubahf mr;RWj;jp my;yJ cly; hPjpahd

J\;gpuNahfq;fSf;F Mshf;fpatHfs; rT+jp mNugpah> Fitj;> nygdhd;

my;yJ If;fpa muGfs; ,uhr;rpak; vd;gtw;iw jskhff;

nfhz;L ,aq;Fk; ,yq;ifj; njhopy; KftHfNsahtH.

,e;j cly; hPjpahd J\;gpuNahfj;jpw;F gq;fspf;Fk; xU fhuzpahf Ml;NrHg;Gf;

fl;lzKiw fhzg;gLtJld; fl;lha Ntiy epiyikfSf;Fk; ,l;Lr;

nry;fpwJ. Ntiyapd; Kjy; %d;W khjq;fSk; xU ghPl;rhHj;j fhynkd;gJ

Ghpe;J nfhs;sf; $banjhd;whFk;> ,f;fhyj;jpy; tPl;Lg; gzpg;ngz; fHg;gkhf

cs;shH my;yJ cly;ey gpur;rpidfs; fhuzkhf Ntiynfhs;NthH my;yJ

tPl;Lg; gzpahsH xg;ge;jj;ij KbTWj;jpd; njhopy; KftH xU khw;W tPl;Lg;

gzpahsiu fl;lzq;fs; vJTkpd;wp Ntiynfhs;NthUf;F toq;Fjy; Ntz;Lk;

my;yJ mtuJ Ml;NrHg;Gf; fl;lzj;ij kPsspj;jy; Ntz;Lk;.313

KftHfs;

mbf;fb ,e;j %d;Wkhj cj;juthjk; gw;wp Ntiynfhs;NthUf;F

tpsk;gug;gLj;Jk;. xU njhopy; KftH $wpaJ> “91 ehl;fspd; gpd;dH KftH

313 lgps;A+.vk;. rprpw gz;lhu (njhopy; KftH> rkhrp khd; gtH NrHtp]];) cldhd kdpj

chpikfs; fz;fhzpg;gfj;jpd; NeHfhzy;. FUehfy;> ,yq;if> etk;gH 3> 2006.

110

Ntiynfhs;NthUf;F ve;jf; flg;ghLilatUky;yH – Ntiynfhs;NthH

kPz;Lk; fl;lzk; nrYj;jpg; Gjpa tPl;Lg; gzpahsiug; ngwy; Ntz;Lk;.”314

njhopy; KftHfspd; $w;Wg;gb> tPl;Lg; gzpahsHfSf;F Gjpa

Ntiynfhs;NthH xUtiu toq;f Ntz;ba flg;ghL jq;fSf;F

vJTkpy;iynad;gJ mtHfs; epiyg;ghlhFk;. njhopy; KftnuhUtH kdpj

chpikfs; fz;fhzpg;gfj;jpw;Ff; $Wifapy;> “gzpg;ngz;zpw;F VNjDnkhU

gpur;rpidapUe;jhy;... mtUf;F xU Gjpa Ntiynfhs;Nthiuj; Njbf;

nfhLg;gjw;F ,q;nfhU flg;ghLkpy;iy”> vd;whH.315 rpyrkak; tPl;Lg; gzpahsHfs; kpf Nkhrkhd J\;gpuNahfq;fis mDgtpf;fpd;w epiyikfspYk;

$l Ntiy nra;tjw;F khw;wplnkhd;iwf; NfhUk; tPl;Lg; gzpahsHfsJ

Ntz;LNfhs;fs;> Ntiynfhs;Sk; me;ehl;bYs;s njhopy; KftHfshy;

epuhfhpf;fg;gLtjhf gy tPl;Lg; gzpahsHfs; kdpj chpikfs;

fz;fhzpg;gfj;jpw;F $wpdH. lgps;A+. Nrhkh vd;Dk; gzpg;ngz; $Wifapy;>

“Fitj; ehl;bw;Fr; nrd;w gpd;dH... vdJ KjyhtJ Ntiynfhs;NthUld;

vdf;Fg; gpur;rpidfs; Vw;gl;ld... ehd; njhopy; KftUld; njhlHG nfhz;L

vdJ f\;lj;jpidf; $wpaNghJ> KftH vd;id thia %bf;nfhz;L %d;W

khjq;fs; tiu nghWikahf ,Uf;Fk;gbAk; mjd;gpd;dH vdJ tplaj;ij

ftdj;jpy; nfhs;tjhfTk; $wpdhH. ‘%d;W khjq;fs;’ vd;W mtHfs; $wpdH.

gpd;dH ,uz;lhe; jlit ehd; njhlHG nfhz;lNghJ ‘MW khjq;fs;’ tiuapUf;Fk;gb $wpdH> gpd;dH vl;;L khjq;fnsdTk; mjd;gpd; ‘xU tUlk; tiu nghWf;Fk;gbAk;’ $wpdH. ehd; vdJ KjyhtJ Ntiynfhs;Nthhpd;

tPl;by; vl;L khjq;fs; tiu ,Ue;J tpl;Nld;. ehd; Kftiu mioj;J

xg;ge;jj;jpypUe;J vd;id tpLtpf;Fk;gb Nfl;Lf; nfhz;ljw;F>

Ntiynfhs;NthH kWg;Gj; njhptpj;jJld; ehd; mtuJ gzpg;ngz;nzdTk;>

ehd; mtHfSf;Fr; nrhe;jkhdtH vdTk; $wpdhH.”316 njhopy;

KftnuhUtH ,e;j eilKiwfs; re;ijf; fhuzpfshy; epHzapf;fg;gLtjhf

epahag;gLj;j Kidtij Vw;Wf; nfhz;lhH. “,JnthU tpahghuk;. ehq;fs; kj;jpa fpof;fpw;F Ntiynfhs;Nthhpd; vjpHghHg;GfSf;F Vw;wjhf toq;fy;fis

Nkw;nfhs;s Ntz;Lk;. ....Ntiynfhs;NthH jq;fs; ehl;by; jhk;

tpUk;gpatw;iwr; nra;J nfhs;syhk;” vd;whH.317

314 Xa;Tngw;w njhopy; KftH (ngaH kiwf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ) cldhd kdpj chpikfs;

fz;fhzpg;gj;jpd; NeHfhzy;. nfhOk;G> ,yq;if> etk;gH 18> 2006.

315 mNj Mjhu %yk;.

316 lgps;A+. NrhkhTldhd kdpj chpikfs; fz;fhzpg;gfj;jpd; NeHfhzy;.


317 gp. gpujPg; epaz;LnghyTldhd (njhopy; KftH> NjrfPHj;jp yq;fh vd;ugpiur];) kdpj

chpikfs; fz;fhzpg;gfj;jpd; NeHfhzy;> FUehfy;> ,yq;if etk;gH 3> 2006.

111

Ntiynfhs;NthH njhopy; KftHfSf;F toq;Fk; fl;lzk; 450

nlhyHfspypUe;J 1600 mnkhpf;f nlhyHfs;318

tiuapUg;gjhy;> tPl;Lg;

gzpahsHfs; ,e;jg; ghPl;rhHj;jf; fhyg;gFjp tiu J\;gpuNahfq;fis

Nkw;nfhs;Sk; Ntiynfhs;NthUld; $l njhlHe;Jk; gzpahw;Wtij

cWjpg;gLj;Jtjw;fhd epjp rhHe;j tYthd Cf;Ftpg;ig ,j;njhopy; KftHfs;

nfhz;Ls;sdH. rpy re;jHg;gq;fspy;> ,e;j epjp rhHe;j Cf;Ftpg;G nghUshjhu

hPjpapy; gytPdkhfTs;s rpwpa njhopy; KftHfSf;F nghUshjhu

mOj;jj;jpdhy; Njitahf cs;sJ. ,yq;ifapy; Gyk;ngaH Ml;NrHg;G njhopy;

gw;wp Ma;Tfis Nkw;nfhz;l khDltpayhsH ikf;Nfy; `k;NgHl; vd;gtuJ

fUj;Jg;gb tPl;Lg; gzpahsHfs; gyH xU FWfpa fhyj;Js; ,yq;iff;F ehL

jpUk;Gtjhapd;> Ntiynfhs;NthUf;F gzj;jpid kPsspg;gjdhy; Vw;gLk; nryT

rpwpa njhopy; KftH epWtdq;fis tq;FNuhj;J epiyikf;F Mshf;fptpLk;.319

kw;iwa re;jHg;gq;fspy; Kfthpd; Nehf;fk; ,yhgk; rhHe;jjhFk;. kj;jpa

fpof;fpw;F 30 tUlq;fSf;F Nkyhf tPl;Lg; gzpg;ngz;fis Ml;NrHf;Fk;

KftnuhUtH kdpj chpikfs; fz;fhzpg;gfj;jpw;F $Wifapy;> tPl;Lg;

gzpahsHfs; %d;W khjfhy ghPl;rhHj;j Ntiyf;fhy gFjpapy; jg;gpNahLtJ

NkYk; fbdkhfpAs;sjhy; jw;NghJ njhopy; KftHfs;

$Ljy; ,yhgkPl;Ltjhff; Fwpg;gpl;lhH.320

tPl;Lg; gzpahsHfs; J\;gpuNahfq;fs; gw;wp Kiwapl;lhYk; $l ,e;j

ghPl;rhHj;j %d;W khj fhyg;gFjpia mtHfs; G+Hj;jp nra;Ak;tiu

Ntiynfhs;NthUf;fhf njhlHe;J Ntiynra;tjw;F njhopy; KftHfs;

jq;fis gyte;jg;gLj;Jk; Kaw;rpfs; Fwpj;J tPl;Lg; gzpahsHfs; kdpj

chpikfs; fz;fhzpg;gfj;jpw;F tpghpj;jdH. ,yq;ifia tpl;Lg; Gwg;gLtjw;F

rw;W Kd;gjhf ,yq;if tpkhd epiyaj;jpy; gzp GhpNthuhy; ,Oj;Jr;

nry;yg;gl;L ghypay; ty;YwTf;Fs;shf;fg;gl;l xU ngz; kdpj chpikfs;

fz;fhzpg;gfj;jpw;F $Wifapy;> “tpkhd epiyaj;jpy; eilngw;w mtyj;jhy;

vdf;F ,uj;jg;Nghf;F Vw;gl;lJld; the;jpAk; mbf;fb vLf;fj; njhlq;fpajdhy;

Fitj;jpYs;s njhopy; Kfthplk; ehd; clNd ,yq;if jpUk;g Ntz;Lnkd

kd;whbNdd;. KftH mYtyfj;jpy; KftH ehd; ngha; $Wtjhfr; nrhy;yp

vd;idj; jhf;fpdhH. mtH jd; ifahy; vd; fd;dj;jpy; ,uz;L %d;W

jlitfs; mbj;jhH... me;j KftH ve;jtpjj;jpYk; vdf;F

318 Ntiynfhs;NthH njhopy; KftHfSf;F toq;Fk; fl;lzq;fs; rT+jp mNugpahtpy; 75-1600

m.nlhyHfshfTk;> Fitj; kw;Wk; nygdhdpy; 1000-1100 m.nlhyHfshfTk;. If;fpa

muGfs; ,uhr;rpaj;jpy; 450-1100 m.nlhyHfSf;F ,ilg;gl;ljhfTk; fhzg;gLfpwJ. Xa;Tngw;w

njhopy; KftH (ngaH kiwf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ) cldhd kdpj chpikfs; fz;fhzpg;gfj;jpd;

NeHfhzy;> nfhOk;G> ,yq;if> etk;gH 18> 2006. mrhk; V yj;jPg; (njhopy; KftH> my;-mf;fPk;

vd;ugpiur]; (jdpahH) ypkpl;nll; cldhd kdpj chpikfs; fz;fhzpg;gfj;jpd; NeHfhzy;.


319 fk;NgHl; rikayiwf; fuz;bapd; ifgpb> g.29.


fz;fhzpg;gfj;jpd; NeHfhzy;. nfhOk;G> ,yq;if> etk;gH 18> 2006.

112

cjTgtuhf ,y;yhjJld;> Fitj;jpNyNa ,Uf;Fk;gb vd;id Nehf;fp

rj;jkpl;lhH.”321 kw;WnkhU tPl;Lg; gzpahsH $Wifapy;>

mGjhgpapYs;s ,yq;if KftnuhUtH Ntiy nfhs;NthH J\;gpuNahfk;

Nkw;nfhs;fpwhH vdf; fhuzk; fhl;b %d;W khjq;fs; G+Hj;jpahf Kd;dH

Ntiynfhs;Nthiu khw;wp my;yJ ,yq;if jpUk;gpdhy; jhd; mguhjkhf

80>000 &gha; (710 m.nlhyH) nrYj;j Ntz;Lnkd vr;rhpf;fg;gl;ljhff;

$wpdhH.322

ghPl;rhHj;j %d;W khjfhyj;jpd; gpd;dUk; $l njhopy; KftHfs; tPl;Lg;

gzpahsHfis mtHfsJ Ntiynfhs;NthUf;F njhlHe;Jk; gzpahw;Wtjw;F

gyte;jg;gLj;Jk; cghaq;fisg; gad;gLj;Jtjhf tPl;Lg; gzpahsHfs;

njhptpj;jdH. cjhuzkhf tPl;Lg; gzpahsH jq;fsJ

Ntiynfhs;NthhplkpUe;J khwpr; nry;tjw;F my;yJ ,yq;iff;F jpUk;gpr;

nry;y Ntz;Lk;NghJ njhopy; KftH tPl;Lg; gzpahsH Nky; mjpfhhpfsplk;

Fw;wQ; rhl;lg;Nghtjhf kpul;Ljy; ,jpnyhd;whFk;. rT+jp mNugpahtpy; cly;

kw;Wk; ghypay; hPjpapyhd J\;gpuNahfq;fis rfpj;Jf; nfhz;l 18 tajhd

v];. gj;kh vd;gtH $Wifapy;> ehd; ,yq;iff;Fj; jpUk;g Ntz;Lnkd vdJ

Ntiynfhs;Nthhplk; kd;whl;lkhff; Nfl;Lf; nfhz;ljd; gpd;dH mtuJ Ntiy

nfhs;NthH mtiu njhopy; Kfthplk; $l;br; nrd;wnghOJ: “mq;F

xU ,yq;ifaNu ,Ue;jhH. mtH ehd; mt;tplj;ij tpl;L khwKbahnjdTk;>

mq;Fjhd; njhlHe;Jk; Ntiy nra;a Ntz;LnkdTk; ,y;iyNay;

vd;id ,uz;L tUlq;fs; rpiwapy; Nghlg; NghtjhfTk” ; $wpdhH.323

v];. `dPgh vd;gtH Lghapy; jdJ mDgtk; gw;wpf; $Wifapy;> “ehd; ,uz;L

tUlq;fs; mq;F ,Uf;f Ntz;bajhapw;W. KftH mr;RWj;jpdhH> ehd; ,uz;L

tUlq;fs; mq;fpUf;fhJ tpl;lhy; vd;idj; jpl;b mbf;fg; Nghtjhff; $wpdhH...

ehd; vg;gb ,yq;iff;Fj; jpUk;Gtnjd Nahrpj;Njd;. ehd; Kftiu ek;gr;

nra;tjw;F gyKiw epidj;jhYk; vdf;F kpfTk; gakhf ,Ue;jjpdhy; ehd;

mq;NfNa njhlHe;Jk; ,Ue;Njd;.”324 ,e;j mr;RWj;jy;fs; “jz;lidf;fhd XH

mr;RWj;jiy” cUthf;Ftjhy; fl;lha Ntiyf;fhdnjhU epiyikf;F ,it

gq;fspf;fpd;wd.

321 vk;. bypdpf;fhTldhd kdpj chpikfs; fz;fhzpg;gfj;jpd; NeHfhzy;> FUehfy;> ,yq;if>

etk;gH5. 2006.




etk;gH 7> 2006.

324 v];. `dPghTldhd kdpj chpikfs; fz;fhzpg;gfj;jpd; NeHfhzy;> jp`hhp> ,yq;if>

etk;gH 8> 2006.

113

Ntiy nfhs;NthH xUtUf;fhf njhlHe;Jk; gzpahw;Wtjw;F tPl;Lg;

gzpahsHfis epHg;ge;jpg;gjw;fhf my;yJ mtHfspd; Ntiyfspy;

FiwghLfnsdf; fUjg;gLgitf;fhd jz;lidfshf cly; hPjpahd

J\;gpuNahfq;fisAk; njhopy; KftHfs; Ghpe;jdH. Gyk;ngaHtjw;F

Kd;dH ,yq;ifapy; Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;l rj;jpu rpfpr;irapd; fhuzkhf rT+jp

mNugpahtpy; jd; flikfis epiwNtw;w Kbahj xU tPl;Lg; gzpg;ngz; jdJ

njhopy; Kfthplk; KiwaPL nra;jNghJk; mtuJ tpUg;gj;jpw;F khwhf mtiu

kPz;Lk; me;j Ntiynfhs;NthhplNk me;j KftH jpUg;gp mDg;gpdhH. me;jg;

ngz; $Wifapy; “Ntiynfhs;NthH jpUg;jpailatpy;iy nad;why; mtHfs;

vq;fis Kfthplk; jpUg;gpaDg;GthHfs;. KftH vd;id mbj;jhd;. xt;nthU

ehSk; kPz;Lk; jpUk;g jpUk;g mbj;jhd;. vd; fz;fspd; fPOs;s ,e;j jOk;G

mtdhy; Vw;gl;lJ... mtd; jdJ iffshYk; xU jbahYk; mbj;jhd;.

fz;fspy; $l mbj;jhd;>”325 vd;whH. Fitj; ehl;by; V. ck;Ktpd;

Ntiynfhs;NthH mtiu kpd;rhu Jilg;gj;jpd; ,wg;gH Fohapdhy;

mbj;jNghJ mtH njhopy; Kfthplk; nrd;W jdf;F NtnwhU

Ntiynfhs;Nthiu Vw;ghL nra;J jUk;gb Nfl;Lf; nfhz;lhH. mjw;F me;j

KftH> vd;id kPz;Lk; gioa ,lj;jpw;Nf nrd;W Ntiy nra;Ak;gb

nrhd;dhd;... ehd; mOJ> Ntiy nra;tjw;F kw;nwhU tPl;bid Vw;ghL nra;J

jUk;gb nfQ;rpNdd;> MapDk; vdJ Ntz;LNfhis KftH kWj;jJld; gioa

v[khdplNk nrd;W Ntiy nra;AkhW $wpdhH. KftH vd;id Ntiy nra;j

gioa ,lj;jpw;Nf jpUk;;Gk;gb $wpaikahy; vdf;F NtW njhpTfs;

vJTk; ,Uf;ftpy;iy.”326 gpd;dH V. ck;kh Kfthplk; kPz;Lk; jpUk;gpr;

nrd;wNghJ KftH mtiu jhf;fpabj;jhH. mtH mjid epidTgLj;Jifapy;>

“,e;jj; jlit ehd; Kfthplk; nrd;wNghJ vd;idnahU miwf;Fs; $l;br;

nrd;W> “Vd; cd;dhy; Xhplj;jpYk; ,Uf;f KbahJ?> Vd; ,q;F kPz;Lk;

kPz;Lk; jpUk;gp tUfpwha;?” vdf; Nfl;L vd;id mbj;jhH>327 vd;W $wpdhh;.

rpy re;jHg;gq;fspy; njhopy; KftHfs; tPl;Lg; gzpahsiu NtnwhU Ntiy

nfhs;NthUf;F khw;wp tpLk;NghJ mjw;Fk; xU $ba fl;lzj;jpid

mwtpLfpd;wdH. mGjhgpapy; xU tPl;Lg; gzpahsH $Wifapy;> KftH

Ntiynfhs;Nthhpd; ngahpid vdJ tprh mDkjpg;gj;jpuj;jpy; khw;Wtjw;F 500

buhk;fs; (136 m.nlhyHfs;) mwtpl;lhH. mtH mDkjpg;gj;jpuj;jpid vdf;Ff;

fhl;ltpy;iy. Mdhy; Ntiy nfhs;Nthhpd; ngaiu tprh

mDkjpg;gj;jpuj;jpy; khw;whJtpl;lhy; ehd; ,uz;lhtJ Ntiynfhs;Nthhplk;

gzpahw;w KbahnjdTk; mtHfs; cd;id xU gzpahsuhf

325 vk;. `];dhTldhd kdpj chpikfs; fz;fhzpg;gfj;jpd; NeHfhzy;> wpahj;> rT+jp

mNugpah> brk;gh 6> 2006.

326 V.ck;KTldhd kdpj chpikfs; fz;fhzpg;gfj;jpd; NeHfhzy;> mj;jdfy> ,yq;if>

etk;gH 8> 2006.

327 mNj Mjhu %yk;.

114

Vw;Wf;nfhs;skhl;lhHfs; vd;gJld; nghyprhhpdhy; ehd; ifJ

nra;ag;glyhnkdf; $wpajhfTk;” nrhd;dhH.328

gy re;jHg;gq;fspy; njhopy; KftHfs; ,yq;iff;Fj; jpUk;gpr; nry;tjw;fhd

gazr; rPl;Lf;fhf xU Fwpg;gpl;l fhyk;tiu toikahfg; gy khjq;fSf;F

Ntjdkpy;yhJ gzpGhpAk;gb tPl;Lg; gzpahsiu epHg;ge;jpf;fpd;wdH. nygdhd;

ehl;by; gzpGhptjw;F xU tUl xg;ge;jj;ijf; nfhz;bUe;j xU tPl;Lg;

gzpg;ngz; $wpaJ> “xU tUlj;jpd; gpd; ehd; ,yq;if jpUk;g Ntz;Lnkd

$wpNdd;. KftHfs; mjw;F rk;kjk; njhptpj;jhYk; vd;id ed;F VrpdhHfs;.

ehd; ,yq;iff;F tu jpl;lkpl;lNghJ> ehd; MW khjq;fs;tiu rk;gskpy;yhky;

fhj;jpUf;f Ntz;bajhapw;W. ehd; Ntiy nra;j mNj tPl;bNyNa me;j MW

khjq;fSk; Ntiy nra;Njd;. vdJ KftH epWtdk; ,yq;if jpUk;Gtjw;fhd

re;jHg;gj;jpid je;jJ. MdhYk; vdf;F ,e;j MW khjj;jpw;Fhpa rk;gsk;

fpilf;ftpy;iy”329 Ntiynfhs;Nthhpd; kfdhy; ghypay;

ty;;YwTf;Fs;shf;fg;gl;L> fHg;gkhf;fg;gl;l kw;WnkhU gzpg;ngz; kdpj

chpikfs; fz;fhzpg;gfj;jpw;F $Wifapy;> rT+jp mNugpahtpYs;s njhopy;

KftH> mtuJ tpkhdg; gazr;rPl;Lf;fhd nryit <Lnra;tjw;fhf njhlHe;Jk;

mNj ,lj;jpy; gzp GhpAk;gb tw;GWj;jpdhH: “ ehd;> mq;F nghWg;ghf ,Ue;j

KftH `gPy; vd;gthplk; $wpNdd;> vd;id mq;fpUe;J $l;br;

nry;Yk;gbAk; ,y;yhJtpl;lhy; ehd; jw;nfhiy nra;ag;NghtjhfTk; nrhd;Ndd;.

mtH te;J vd;id $l;br; nrd;wpUf;fhJ tpl;lhy; ehd; jw;nfhiy

Ghpe;jpUg;Ngd;.... ’tpkhdg; gazr;rPl;il ngw;Wf; nfhs;Sk; tiuf;FkhtJ me;j

tPl;by; njhlHe;Jk; Ntiy nra;AkhW `gPy; $wpdhH’ vdf;F tpiutpNyNa ,yq;if jpUk;g tpUk;gpdhYk;; mjw;fhd tha;g;G ,Uf;ftpy;iy.

ehd; mq;F ehd;F khjq;fs; Ntiy nra;Njd;. mjdhy; mtH vd;dplk; xU

khj rk;gsg; gzj;jpid ifapy; je;jJld; kpFjp %d;Wkhj rk;gsj;

njhifapy; (1200 wpahy;fs;> 320 m.nlhyHfs;) tpkhdg; gazj;jpw;fhd

mDkjpr;rPl;il thq;fpdhH.”330



329 gp. epky;fhTldhd kdpj chpikfs; fz;fhzpg;gfj;jpd; NeHfhzy;> FUehfy;> ,yq;if>

etk;gH 4> 2006.

330 V. [aee;jpAldhd kdpj chpikfs; fz;fhzpg;gfj;jpd; NeHfhzy;>,yq;if etk;gH 10>

2006.

115

V. gaDWjpahd eptHj;jpfSf;F ghJfhg;G Kiwfspyhd

jtWjy;fSk; jilfSk;

ehq;fs; midtUk; tWikapdhy;> gzk; rk;ghjpf;fntd;Nw

ntspehL NghfpNwhk;. vtnuhUtH ntspehL NghdhYk; mtUf;F

czT kw;Wk; cilfs; toq;fg;gl;L> jw;nfhiy GhptjpypUe;J

fhf;fg;gl;L kw;Wk; ghypay; J\;gpuNahfq;fs;> njhy;iyfspypUe;J

ghJfhf;fg;gLtij murhq;fk; cWjp nra;a Ntz;Lnkd fl;Lf;

nfhs;fpNwd;. gpur;rpidf;F cs;shdtHfis fz;Lgpbj;J

murhq;fk; mtHfSf;F el;l<l;il toq;f Ntz;Lk;.331

—,. gukpjh> taJ 29> tPl;Lg; gzpg;ngz;zhf Fitj;jpy; Kd;G

gzpahw;wpatH.

rHtNjr kdpj chpikfs; rl;lj;jpd; fPo; murhq;fj;jpd; flg;ghL

Ntiynfhs;NthH kw;Wk; njhopy; KftHfspd; J\;gpuNahf eilKiwfSf;F

KbT fl;Ltjpy; murhq;fj;jpw;F xU flg;ghLz;L. jdpegHfs; my;yJ

epWtdq;fshy; Nkw;nfhs;sg;gLk; Kiwaw;w tpjj;jpy; elhj;Jjy; kw;Wk;

ghugl;rk; cs;slq;fyhd eltbf;iffSf;nfjpuhf jdpg;gl;ltHfsH

chpikfis ghJfhg;gjpy; kdpj chpikfs; rl;lk; murhq;fq;fs; kPJ

rhj;jpakhd flg;ghLfis tpjpf;fpd;wd. murhq;fq;fs; ,tw;iwj; jLg;gjw;F>

tprhuiz nra;J jz;bg;gjw;Fk; my;yJ jdpg;gl;l egHfs; my;yJ

epWtdq;fshy; jdpg;gl;ltHfsJ chpikfSf;F Vw;gLj;Jfpd;w

ghjpg;GfSf;F ,og;gPL nra;tjw;Fk; nghUj;jkhd Kiwfis

(rpy ,lq;fspy; ,J “mtrpakhd Cf;Ftpg;G” vdf; Fwpg;gplg;gLfpwJ) vLj;jy; Ntz;Lk;. murhq;fq;fs; mt;tpjk; ghjpg;gile;jtHfSf;F gaDWjpkpf;f

epthuzq;fisAk; toq;Fjy; Ntz;Lk;.332

331 ,. gukpjhTldhd kdpj chpikfs; fz;fhzpg;gfj;jpd; NeHfhzy;> ,wk;Ng> ,yq;if

etk;gH 5> 2006.

332 cjhuzk;: kdpj chpikfs; rig> nghJf;Fwpg;G 31 Ig; ghHf;fTk;. rkthaj;jpd; jug;gpduhd

muRfs; kPjhd nghJthd rl;lf; flg;ghLfspd; jd;ik> I.eh Mtzk; CCPR/C/21/Rev.1/Add 13(2004) , ge;jp 8> I.eh. nghJr;rig> ngz;fSf;nfjpuhd

td;Kiwfis ,y;yhnjhopg;gjw;fhd gpufldk;> I.eh nghJr;rig jPHkhdk;>

48/104(A/RES/48/104), cWg;Giu 4 (C) (“ngz;fSf;F vjpuhd

td;Kiwfis ,y;yhnjhopg;gjw;fhd xU nfhs;ifia nghUj;jkhd midj;J KiwfshYk;

jhkjkpd;wp muRfs; Kd;ndLf;f Ntz;Lnkd;gJld; ,jid Kbtpy; (C) jLg;gjw;F tprhhpg;gjw;F kw;Wk; cs;@H rl;lthf;fq;fSf;F mikthf ngz;fSf;nfjpuhd td;Kiwfis

muR my;yJ jdpg;gl;ltHfshy; Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;bUe;jhYk; mr;nray;fis jz;bg;gjw;F

Njitahd Cf;fq;fis eilKiwg;gLj;jy; Ntz;Lk;).

116

,t;twpf;ifapy; Fwpg;gplg;gl;l rpy my;yJ midj;J muRfSNk Fbapay;

kw;Wk; murpay; chpikfs; kPjhd rkthak; (ICCPR)> nghUshjhu

r%f kw;Wk; fyhr;rhu chpikfs; kPjhd rkthak; (ICESER) >

ngz;fSf;nfjpuhd midj;J tifapyhd ghugl;rq;fis ,y;yhnjhopf;Fk;

rkthak; (CEDAW) > midj;J tifapyhd ,dg;

ghugl;rq;fis ,y;yhnjhopf;Fk; rHtNjr rkthak; kw;Wk; midj;Jg;

Gyk;ngaH njhopyhsHfs; kw;Wk; mtHfsJ FLk;g cWg;gpdHfis ghJfhf;Fk;

rkthak; (Gyk;ngaH njhopyhsH rkthak;) vd;gtw;iw cs;slf;fpa

rk;ge;jg;gl;l kdpj chpikfs; njhlHghd cld;gbf;iffis Vw;W

rl;ltYtspj;Js;sd.

rHtNjr kdpj chpik rl;lq;fs; nfhûkhd> kdpjj;jd;ikaw;w kw;Wk;

rpWikg;gLj;Jk; tpjkhf elhj;Jjy; Nghd;wtw;wpypUe;J tpLgl;bUf;Fk; chpik

kw;Wk; xUthpd; ghJfhg;G vd;gtw;iw cWjpg;gLj;JfpwJ.333

ngz;fSf;nfjuhd

td;Kiwfis ,y;yhnjhopf;Fk; gpufldj;jpy; If;fpa ehLfs; rig>

murhq;fq;fs;> ngz;fSf;nfjpuhd td;Kiw nray;fis “jLg;gjw;F> tprhhpg;gjw;F kw;Wk; ,r;nray;fs; murhq;fq;fs; my;yJ jdpg;gl;l

egHfshy; ,iof;fg;gl;bUe;jhYk; cs;@H rl;lq;fSf;fikthf mr;nray;fis

jz;bg;gjw;Fkhd flg;ghl;bidf; nfhz;bUf;fpwhHfs;”334 vdf; Fwpg;gpLfpwJ.

xU ehL njhlHe;Jk; ,jid epiwNtw;wj; jtWtJ rkj;Jtkpy;yhj kw;Wk;

ghugl;rkhd eltbf;ifahtJld; CEDAW rkthaj;jpd; fPo;

Vw;Wf;nfhs;sg;gl;l flg;ghl;il kPWtjhfTk; mikfpwJ. ,e;j rkthaj;jpd; xU

jug;gpduhd rT+jp mNugpah> Fitj;> nygdhd;> If;fpa muGfs; ,uhr;rpak;

kw;Wk; ,yq;if vd;gd ngz;fSf;F rkdhd ghJfhg;gpid toq;Ftjhf

cj;juthjkspf;fpd;wd.335 ,yq;if xU jug;ghd Gyk;ngaH njhopyhsH

rkthak;> “murjpfhhpfs; my;yJ jdpg;gl;l egHfs;> FOf;fs; my;yJ

epWtdq;fshy; Nkw;nfhs;sg;gLk; td;Kiwfs;> cly;hPjpahd ghjpg;Gf;fs;>

mr;RWj;jy;fs; kw;Wk; kpul;ly;fs; vd;gtw;Wf;nfjpuhf muRfspdhyhd

gaDWjpkpf;f ghJfhg;gpidg; ngWtjw;fhd chpikia Gyk;ngaH

njhopyhsHfs; nfhz;bUf;fpd;wdH vdf; $Wfpd;wJ.”336

Fitj;> nygdhd; kw;Wk; ,yq;if vd;gd xUjug;ghd nghUshjhu< r%f

kw;Wk; fyhr;rhu chpikfs; kPjhd rHtNjr rkthak; (ICESER) >

333 ICCPR >

cWg;Giu 7 (rpj;jputij> nfhûk; kdpjj;jd;ikaw;w my;yJ rpWikg;gLj;Jk;

elj;ijfspy; ,Ue;jhd tpLjiy).

334 ngz;fSf;nfjpuhd td;Kiwfis ,y;yhnjhopg;gjpy; kPjhd I.eh gpufldk;> brk;gH 20>

1993. nghJr;rig jPHkhdk; 48/104,48UN GAOR Supp.(No.49) at 217, UN Doc A/48/49/(1993), cWg;Giu 4.

335 CEDAW

cWg;Giu 15@ ICCPR cWg;Giu 26> CEDAW rig nghJthd ghpe;Jiufs;

19>ngz;fSf;F vjpuhd td;Kiw ge;jp 6.

336 Gyk;ngaH njhopyhsH rkthak;> cWg;Giu 16(1)- (2)

117

“xt;nthUtUk; epahakhd kw;Wk; rhjfkhd njhopy; epiyikfis

mDgtpg;gjw;fhd chpikia nfhz;Ls;sdnud” vd;gij mq;fPfhpf;fpd;wJ.337

mt;tpjkhd epiyikfs; “(m)midj;Jj; njhopyhsHfSf;Fk; Fiwe;jgl;r

Cjpaj;ij (i) rkdhd ngWkhdk; nfhz;l NtiyfSf;F ve;jtifapYk;

NtWghLfspd;wp Fwpg;ghf ngz;fs;> Mz;fs; mDgtpf;Fk; Ntiy

epiyikfSf;F Fiwthdjhf ,y;yhjpUg;gij cj;juthjg;gLj;JtJld;

rkdhd Ntiyf;F rkdhd rk;gsk; ngWfpd;w epiyahd Ntjdk; kw;Wk; rk

Cjpak;@ (ii) jw;nghOJs;s rkthaj;jpd; Vw;ghLfSf;fikthf mtHfs;

kw;Wk; mtHfsJ FLk;gj;jpw;F xU nfsutkhd tho;f;if@ (M)

ghJfhg;ghdJk;> MNuhf;fpakhdJkhd Ntiy epiyikfs;@ (,)

gjtpAaHTfSf;fhd rktha;g;Gf;fs;@ (<) ,isg;ghWjy;> Xa;T> Ntiy nra;Ak;

Neuq;fspy; epahakhd kl;Lg;gLj;jy;fs; kw;Wk; fhyj;jpw;Ff; fhyk;

Ntjdj;Jldhd tpLKiwfs; kw;Wk; Ntjdj;Jldhd Njrpa tpLKiwfs;”338

njhopypy; gpuirfsy;yhjtHfs; njhlHghf> ,dhPjpahd

ghugl;rq;fis ,y;yhnjhopg;gjw;fhd nghJg; ghpe;Jiu ,y. 30 kPjhd

ghpe;Jiu> Ntiytha;g;Gf;fhd njhlHG xU jlit Muk;gpf;fg;gl;L gpd;dH mJ

KbtilAk;tiu> njhopy; mDkjpapy;yhjtHfSk; cs;slq;fpajhf midj;Jj;

jdpg;gl;ltHfSk; njhopy; kw;Wk; Ntiytha;g;Gf;fhd chpikia

mDgtpg;gjw;F chpj;Jilatnud $Wfpd;wJ.339

njhopyhsHfsJ chpikfspd; xt;nthU mk;rj;jpidg; gw;wpAk; cz;ikapy;

ftdk; nrYj;Jk; rkthaq;fspd; xU tphpthd njhFg;ig rHtNjr

njhopy; ];jhgdk; cUthf;fpAs;sJ. ,it ,yq;if kw;Wk; nygdhd; vd;gd

Vw;W rl;ltYg;gLj;jpa Ntjdg; ghJfhg;G kPjhd rHtNjr njhopy; ];jhgdj;jpd;

rktha ,y.95@ fl;lha Ntiy kPjhd rHtNjr njhopy; ];jhgdj;jpd;

rktha ,y.29@ kw;Wk; rT+jp mNugpah> Fitj;> nygdhd;> If;fpa

muGfs; ,uhr;rpak; kw;Wk; ,yq;if vd;gd Vw;W rl;ltYg;gLj;jpa

Ntiytha;g;G kw;Wk; njhopy; njhlHghd rHtNjr njhopy; ];jhgdj;jpd;

rktha ,y.111 vd;gtw;iw cs;slf;fpAs;sJ.340

337 ICESER cWg;Giu 7.

338 ICESER cWg;Giu 7> tof;fhw;Wr; rl;lq;fspd; gpujpgypg;ghf nghpJk; mq;fPfhpf;fg;gLk;

rHtNjr kdpj chpikfSf;fhd gpufldk;> epahakhd kl;Lg;gLj;jg;gl;l NtiyNeuq;fs; kw;Wk;

rk;gsj;Jldhd fhyj;jpw;F fhyk; tpLKiwfSk; cs;slq;fpajhd ,isg;ghWjy; kw;Wk

Xa;tpw;Fk;> mNjNghd;W epahakhdJk;> mD$y Cjpak; kw;Wk; njhopy; rq;fq;fis

mikg;gjw;Fk; mtw;wpy; NrHtjw;Fkhd chpikfis nfhz;;Ls;sdH> cWg;Giufs; 23 kw;Wk;

24.

339 ,dhPjpahd ghugl;rq;fis ,y;yhnjhopg;gJ kPjhd I.eh FOtpdJ nghJg; ghpe;Jiu 30>

gpuirfs; my;yhNjhUf;F vjpuhd ghugl;rk;. (64tJ mkHT> 2004). UN Doc CERD/C/64/Mis.11/rev.3 (2004), http://www.unhchr.ch/tbs/doc.nsf/(Symbol)/e3980a673769e229c1256f8d0057cd3d?Opendocument (accessed May 31, 2007), para. 35. 340 Ntiytha;g;G kw;Wk; njhopy; njhlHghd ghugl;rk; Fwpj;jhd rHtNjr

njhopy; ];jhgdj;jpd rkthak; 111.

118

rHtNjr njhopy; ];jhgd cWg;gpdHfshf rT+jp mNugpah> Fitj;> nygdhd;>

If;fpa muGfs; ,uhr;rpak; kw;Wk; ,yq;if vd;gtw;wpd; murhq;fq;fs;

rkthaq;fspy; $wg;gl;Ls;s chpikfs; ca;j;jDgtpg;gjw;fhd flg;ghl;bidf;

nfhz;Ls;sd.341 “Ntiy tha;g;G kw;Wk; njhopy;

ghugl;rj;ij ,y;yhnjhopg;gij”> rHtNjr njhopy; ];jhgdg; gpufldk; mjd;

mbg;gilf; Nfhl;ghLfs; kw;Wk; njhopypyhd chpikfs; kPjhd gpufldj;jpy;

“mbg;gil chpikfspy;” xd;whf mq;fPfhpf;fpd;wJ. ,jid rHtNjr

njhopy; ];jhgd cWg;gpdHfs; rHtNjr njhopy; ];jhgdj;jpd; rkthaq;fspy;

nrhy;yg;gl;l chpikfis Vw;W rl;ltY mspf;fhtpl;lhYk; $l mtHfs;

midtUk; ,t;Thpikfis “kjpg;gjw;Fk;> Nkk;gLj;Jtjw;Fk; kw;Wk; ca;j;JzHtpg;gjw;fhd”> flg;ghl;bidf; nfhz;Ls;sdH.

342

,U jug;G njhopy; xg;ge;jq;fs;

ehLfSf;fpilapyhd njhopyhsH efHTfSf;F rHtNjr xj;Jiog;G Njit.

Kf;fpakhd tplaq;fspyhd ghJfhg;Gf;fs;> Kiwg;ghLfSf;fhd

tpidj;jpwdhd nghwpKiwia cUthf;Fjy; kw;Wk; tprhuiz eilKiwfs;

kw;Wk; J\;gpuNahfq;fSf;F ,og;gPLfis toq;Fjy; vd;gtw;iw toq;ff;

$baJld; Vw;W mq;fPfhpf;fg;gl;L gu];guk; eilKiwg; gLj;jf; $ba njhopy;

xg;ge;jq;fis cUthf;Ftjw;F ,yq;if kw;Wk; njhopy; toq;Fk;

ehLfSf;fpilapy; xj;Jiog;G mtrpak;.

njhopy; toq;Fk; ehLfSld; ,U jug;gpw;Fk; rhjfkhd Ghpe;JzHT

cld;gbf;ifapy; ifnahg;gkpLtjw;fhd Ngr;RthHj;ijfspy;

<LgLtjw;F ,yq;if murhq;fj;jpw;F ,yq;if ntspehl;L Ntiytha;g;G

gzpafk; mOj;jk; nfhLj;jjhf mjd; mjpfhhpnahUtH tpsf;fpdhH. mtH

$Wifapy;> “,yq;ifapdhy; cUthf;fg;gl;l Ntiy xg;ge;jq;fs;> njhopy;

toq;Fk; ehLfspdhy; Vw;Wf; nfhs;sg;gLtjpy;iy. MfNt ,yq;ifapdhy;

cUthf;fg;gl;l Nrit xg;ge;jq;fs; rT+jp mNugpah Nghd;w ehLfshy; Vw;Wf;

nfhs;sg;gLtjpy;iy. Nrit xg;ge;jq;fis cs;slf;fpapUf;Fk; Ghpe;JzHT

xg;;ge;jq;fNs vkf;Fj; Njit”>343 vd;whH. Gyk;ngaHNthH chpikfSf;fhd

murrhHgw;w ];jhgdkhd Gyk;ngaH njhopyhsHfSf;fhd nray;

341 rHtNjr njhopy; ];jghdj;jpd; gpufldk;> “rk;ge;jg;gl;l rkthaj;ij Vw;W rl;ltY

mspf;fhJ tpl;lhYk; $l midj;J cWg;gpdHfSk;> ];jhgdj;jpd; cWg;gpdHfs; vd;wnthU

fhuzj;jpdhy; vOfpd;w xU flg;ghl;bdhy; rkthaq;fspd; nghUshd mbg;gil chpikfs;

njhlHghd Nfhl;ghl;bw;F mikthf NeHikahd Nehf;NfhL Nkk;gLj;jTk;> ca;j;JzHtpj;jYk;

Ntz;Lk;”> rHtNjr njhopyhsH kfhehL> rHtNjr njhopy; ];jhgd gpufldk;> ge;jp 2.

342 rHtNjr njhopy; ];jhgd gpufldk; ge;jp 2.

343 vy;.Nf. W`_DNf (,.nt.Nt.g) cldhd kdpj chpikfs; fz;fhzpg;gfj;jpd; NeHfhzy;>


119

tiyaikg;gpd; (ACTFORM) gzpg;ghsH kdpj chpikfs;

fz;fhzpg;gfj;jpw;F $Wifapy;> “,U jug;G xg;ge;jq;fs;> murhq;fj;jpw;F

murhq;fnkDk; xg;ge;jq;fs; mtrpakhdit. KftHfSf;fpilapy; ehk;

gy;jug;G xg;ge;jq;fisf; nfhz;bUf;fpNwhk;. jw;NghJs;s gy;jug;G xg;ge;jq;fs;

Ntiy nfhs;Sk; ehl;bYs;s KftHfs;> ,yq;if ntspehl;L Ntiytha;g;G

gzpafk; kw;Wk; gzpahsHfSf;fpilapyhdit. Mdhy; mit Mq;fpyk;

my;yJ muG nkhopapy; kl;LNk cs;sJ@ gzpahsHfSf;F mJ GhpahJ.....

ve;j xg;ge;jq;fis mtHfs; ,q;F nfhz;bUe;jhYk;> Ntiynfhs;Sk; ehl;by;

mtw;iw mKy;gLj;Jtnjd;gJ eilKiwapy; ,y;yhjjhf cs;sJ.

Ntiynfhs;Sk; ehLfs; ,e;j xg;ge;jq;fis mKy; gLj;Jtjpy;iy.....

murhq;fq;fSf;fpilapyhd xg;ge;jq;fs; Njit Vnddpy; gy; jug;G

xg;ge;jq;fs; mq;fPfhpf;fg;gLtjpy;iy” vd;whH.344

If;fpa muGfs; ,uhr;rpaj;jpy; gzpahsHfis mDg;Gk; ehLfSldhd ,Ujug;G

xg;ge;jq;fisg; gpd;gw;wpajhf cUthf;fg;gl;lhyd;wp gzpahsHfs; kw;Wk;

Ml;NrHg;G KftHfSf;fpilapy; ,yq;ifapy; ifnaOj;jplg;gLk; Ntiy

xg;ge;jq;fs; gpizf;Fk; jd;ikaw;wit.345 2007 Nk 27 md;W> If;fpa

muGfs; ,uhr;rpaj;jpd; njhopy; mikr;R ,yq;ifAld; xU Ghpe;JzHT

xg;ge;jj;ij ifr;rhj;jpl;L> If;fpa muGfs; ,uhr;rpaj;jpy; gzpGhpAk; tPl;Lg;

gzpahsHfSf;F xU ,Ujug;G xg;ge;jj;jpw;fhd #o;epiyia cUthf;fpaJ.

Ghpe;JzHT xg;ge;jj;jpy; ,U ehLfSk; ifr;rhj;jpLtjw;F Kd;dH Ml;NrHg;G

KftHfs; ,yq;ifg; gzpahsHfSf;F If;fpa muGfs; ,uhr;rpaj;jpy; rl;lg;

gpizg;gpidf; nfhz;bUf;fhj ngaustpy; nry;YgbahFk; xg;ge;jq;fisNa

toq;fpd. nygdhd; kw;Wk; ,yq;iff;fpilapyhd Ghpe;JzHT

xg;ge;jk; ,t;twpf;if vOjg;gLk; tiuapy; ifr;rhj;jplg;glhkYs;sJ.346

MapDk; Gjpa Ghpe;JzHT xg;ge;jj;;;jpd; cs;slf;fq;fs; gfpuq;fkhf

njhpahjjpdhy; mJ Kf;fpakhd ghJfhg;Gf;fis toq;Fkh my;yJ jw;nghOJ

eilKiwapYs;s NghJkhdjw;w Kiwikfis rl;lkag;gLj;Jkh vd;gJ

njsptw;wjhf cs;sJ.

,U jug;G xg;ge;jq;fs; juhjuq;fis ];jhgpg;gjw;F

gaDs;sitahf ,Ue;jhYk; mit mNefk; gytPdkhd ghJfhg;igAk; kw;Wk;

mKy;gLj;jy; kw;Wk; ,og;gPl;bw;F Fiwthd nghwpKiwfisNa toq;Ffpd;wd.

mjpfhpj;j vz;zpf;ifapyhd ehLfs; jw;NghJ ntspehl;Lf;F tPl;Lg; gzpahsH

344 tNahyh ngnuuhTldhd (ACTFORM) kdpj chpikfs; fz;fhzpg;gfj;jpd; NeHfhzy;>


345 rHtNjr njhopy; ];jhgdk;> Gyk;ngaHe;j ngz; njhopyhsHfsJ ghugl;rk;> Ruz;ly; kw;Wk;

J\;gpuNahfq;fisj; jLj;jy;: xU jfty; topfhl;b> Gj;jfk; 3: ntspehl;L Ntiytha;g;Gf;fhd

Ml;NrHg;Gk; gazKk; (n[dPth:rHtNjr njhopy; ];jghdk; 2003) gf;fk; 34.


gpwry;];> ngy;[pak;> A+iy 11> 2007.

120

njhopiy Nkw;nfhs;tjw;F Ml;fis mDg;GtjpdhYk; kw;Wk; Vida

tifj; njhopyhsHfSf;F njhopy; rl;lj;jpd; fPo; toq;fg;gLk; ghJfhg;G tPl;Lg;

gzpGhpAk; njhopyhsHfSf;F Njitahdjy;y vd;fpd;w Ntiy toq;Fk;

ehLfspd; ek;gpf;ifAld; Gyk;ngaH njhopyhsHfsJ chpikfis NghJkhd

tifapy; ghJfhf;Fk; xg;ge;jq;fis Ntiy toq;Fk; ehLfspypUe;J ngw;Wf;

nfhs;tjpy; ,yq;if gytPdkhdnjhU epiyapNyNa fhzg;gLfpd;wJ. ,U

jug;G xg;ge;jq;fs; NghJkhd ghJfhg;gpid toq;Ffpd;w NghjpYk; mtw;iw

mKy;gLj;JtjpYs;s rpukq;fs; xg;ge;jq;fspy; <LgLk; muRfs; cs;@H

rl;lq;fspy; kWrPuhf;fj;ij Vw;gLj;Jtjd; mtrpaj;ijr; Rl;bf; fhl;Lfpd;wd.

tPl;Lg; gzpahsHfSf;F Fiwe;j ghJfhg;G toq;fy;fSf;F cld;gl;L

gzpahsHfis mDg;Gk; ehLfs; xd;Wlndhd;W Nghl;bapLtij jtpHg;gjw;F

gzpahsHfis mDg;Gk; ehLfs; rHtNjr rl;lj;jpw;fikthf Fiwe;jgl;r

juhjuq;fSf;fhtJ ,zq;Fk; gpuhe;jpa xg;ge;jq;fis cUthf;Ftjw;F

Kaw;rpj;jy; Ntz;Lk;.

,yq;if murhq;fj;jpd; gjpypWg;G

gzpahsHfis mDg;Gk; ehlhf ,yq;if Gyk;ngaH tPl;Lg; gzpahsHfsJ

chpikfis ghJfhj;jy; kw;Wk; mKy;gLj;Jtjpy; rHtNjr rl;lj;jpd; fPohd

mjd; flg;ghl;bw;fika gy Kf;fpakhd eltbf;iffis vLj;Js;sJ.

vt;thwhapDk;> mJ Gyk;ngaH njhopyhsH rkthak; kw;Wk; Vida rHtNjr

cld;gbf;iffspd; XH jug;ghf mjd; rl;lf; flg;ghLfspy; mJ njhlHe;Jk; xU

gpd;dpiyapNyNa fhzg;gLfpd;wJ.347

Kf;fpakhd gFjpfspyhd

rPHjpUj;jq;fs; ,yq;if tPl;Lg; gzpahsHfsJ jiytpjpia khw;wp Gyk;

ngaHjypy; mtHfsJ ghJfhg;G kw;Wk; nfsutj;jpw;F $Ljy;

cj;juthjj;jpid toq;Fk;.

347 njhopyhsHfis mDg;Gk; ehLfSf;fhd Fwpg;Gf;fis Gyk;ngaH njhopyhsHfSf;fhd

rkthak; cWg;Giufs; 33 kw;Wk; 65 ,y; nfhz;Ls;sJ. ,e;j Vw;ghLfspd; fPo; Gyk;ngaH

njhopyhsHfs; jq;fis mDg;Gk; muRfspdhy; rkthaj;jpd; fPo; mtHfSf;fhd chpikfs;

kw;Wk; Ntiy toq;Fk; ehl;bw;fhd Gyk;ngaH eilKiwfs; gw;wpAk;> Gyk;ngaHjy;

njhlHghd nfhs;iffspd; cUthf;fk; kw;Wk; mKy;gLj;jy;fSf;F muRfs; nghWg;ghdit@

jfty;fs; ghpkhw;wk;> MNyhrid kw;Wk; jFjp tha;e;j mjpfhhpfs; my;yJ kw;iwa

muRfSldhd MNyhridfs;@ kw;Wk; nghUj;jkhd jfty; fSf;fhd Vw;ghLfs;> Fwpg;ghf

Ntiynfhs;NthH> njhopyshHfs; kw;Wk; mtHfsJ ];jhgdk;> nfhs;iffs;> rl;lq;fs; kw;Wk;

Gyk;ngaHjy;> Ntiytha;g;Gj; njhlHghd fl;Lg;ghLfs; gw;wpAk; mwpaj; jug;gLtjw;fhd

chpikiaf; nfhz;;Ls;sdH. njhopyhsHfis mDg;Gk; ehLfs; Gyk;ngaH gzpahsH fspd;

chpikfis> mtHfis Gyk;ngaHtjw;fhd tha;g;Gfs; kw;Wk; rl;lKiwfs; gw;wpa fty;fis

toq;Fjy;> ntspehLfspYs;s Gyk;ngaHe;NjhUf;fhd ntspehl;Lr; Nritfis toq;Fjy;

kw;Wk; mghafukhd flj;jy;fs; kw;Wk; Ml;flj;jy; eilKiwfis fz;fhzpj;J

fl;Lg;gLj;Jtjd; %yk; ghJfhf;f KbAk;. Gyk;ngaH njhopyhsHfs; rkthak;: 1(2)> 33> 65.

121

Gwg;gLjYf;F Kd;dhd ghJfhg;G KiwfspYs;s jtWjy;fs;

njhopy; Ml;NrHg;G KftHfs; kw;Wk; mtHfsJ Jiz KftHfspd;

mDkjp kw;Wk; fl;Lg;gLj;jy;

,yq;ifapy; njhopYf;F Ml;NrHf;Fk; Jiw $Ljy; fz;bg;Gldhd

fz;fhzpj;jy; kw;Wk; fl;Lg;gLj;jy;fspd; Njitfisf; nfhz;Ls;sJ. njhopy;

KftHfSf;F xU xOq;F gLj;Jk; Kiwnahd;iw cUthf;Ftjw;F ,yq;if

murhq;fk; Kf;fpakhd eltbf;iffis vLj;Js;s epiyapy; mq;F ,d;Dk;

ftdpf;fg;gl Ntz;ba ,ilntspfs; fhzg;gLtJld; eilKiwapYs;s

fl;Lg;ghLfSk; NghjpasT mKy;gLj;jg;gLtjpy;iy.

njhopypw;F Ml;NrHf;Fk; KftHfs; Gyk;ngau tpUk;Gk; gzpahsHfsplkpUe;J

Neubahf fl;lzq;fis mwtpLtij jil nra;tjw;Fk;> njhopy; KftHfs;

jq;fsJ tpahghu eltbf;iffis “Fiw$wtpayhj xU ed;ndwpahd

Kiwapy;” Nkw;nfhs;tjw;Fkhf ,yq;if ntspehl;L Ntiytha;g;G

gzpafj;jhy; mDkjpaspf;fg;gly; Ntz;Lnkd eilKiwapYs;s rl;lk;

Ntz;LfpwJ.348 ,yq;ifapy; njhopw;gLk; 580 ,w;Fk; mjpfkhd mDkjp ngw;w

Ml;NrHg;G KftHfspd; nraw;ghLfis fz;fhzpj;J fl;Lg;gLj;Jk;

nghWg;GfSld; ,yq;if ntspehl;L Ntiytha;g;G gzpafk; Ml;NrHg;G

KftHfspd; eltbf;iffis tprhhpg;gjw;F> njhopy; toq;fy; njhlHghd

mtHfsJ Mtzq;fisg; ghpNrhjpg;gjw;F kw;Wk; xU Gyk;ngaH gzpahsuJ

njhopy; epge;jidfSf;F Ntiy nfhs;Sk; xUtH ,zq;Ftij

cWjpg;gLj;Jtjw;fhd eilKiwfis KftnuhUtH Nkw;nfhs;sj; jtWk;

gl;rj;jpy; KftHfs; gzpahsHfSf;fhd el;l<l;il toq;Fk;gb

Ntz;Ltjw;Fkhd mjpfhuj;jpidAk; nfhz;Ls;sJ.349

,yq;if ntspehl;L

Ntiy tha;g;G gzpafk; Ml;NrHg;G KftHfspd; mDkjpg;gj;jpuq;fis ,uj;Jr;

nra;Ak; mjpfhuj;jpidAk; nfhz;Ls;sJ. ,e;j ,uj;Jr; nra;jy; KftHfs;

Nkw;nfhz;L Ml;NrHg;G eltbf;iffspy; <Lglhj tifapy; Kftiu

fWg;Gg;gl;baypy; ,litf;Fk; jd;ik nfhz;lJ.350

fWg;G gl;bay; njhopy;

KftH vr;rhpf;fg;gl;l gpd; Fwpg;gpl;l ntspehl;L njhopy; KftHfspd;

Ntiyf;fhd Ntz;LNfhs;fis mDkjpf;f Ntz;lhnkd ,yq;if ntspehl;L

mYtyfq;fis mwpTWj;Jk; jd;ikAk; nfhz;ljhf mikAk;.351

348 ,yq;if ntspehl;L Ntiytha;g;G gzpafk; rl;ltpyf;fk; 21> 1985> gphpTfs; 28(1> 31>34)

349

349 W`_DNf> “,yq;ifapy; Gyk;ngaHjy; Ml;Nrh;j;jy; eltbf;ifapd; epWtd hPjpahd

fz;fhzpj;jy;” Kuptsch, ed., Merchants of Labour, gf;fk;: 57> 58@ ,.nt.Nt.g

rl;ltpyf;fk; 21> 1985 gphpT 44.

350 vy;.Nf. W`_DNf> (,.nt.Nt.g) cldhd kdpj chpikfs; fz;fhzpg;gfj;jpd; NeHfhzy;>

nfhOk;G ,yq;if> etk;gH 16> 2006.

351 RNkjh Vf;fehaf;fTldhd (ntsptptfhu mikr;R) kdpj chpikfs; fz;fhzpg;gfj;jpd;


122

,it gaDs;s Muk;g eltbf;iffshFk;@ vt;thwhapDk; njhopy;

KftHfis ,yq;if ntspehl;L Ntiytha;g;G gzpafk; fpukkhf my;yJ

jPtpukhff; fz;fhzpj;J ,yq;if ntspehl;L Ntiytha;g;G gzpaf

rl;ltpjpfis kPWk; njhopy; KftHfis ,dk; fz;L jz;bg;gJ

mhpjhfNtAs;sJ. 2005 ,y;> mDkjpngw;w 582 Ml;NrHg;G KftHfspy; jdpNa

ehd;fpdJ mDkjpg;gj;jpuq;fis kl;Lk; mJ ,uj;Jr; nra;jJ@ ,e;j vz;zpf;if

mDkjpg; gj;jpuj;ij GJg;gpf;fj; jtwpajd; fhuzkhf ,uj;Jr; nra;ag;gl;l

mDkjpfisAk; cs;slf;fpAs;sJ.352 Njitahd Nkyjpfkhd eilKiwfs;>

jpBH ghpNrhjidfs;> tPl;Lg; gzpahsHfs; Kiwg;ghLfis

Nkw;nfhs;s ,aYkhd Kiwfs;> njhopy; KftHfs; Fwpg;gpl;l xU juhjuj;ij

milAk; tifapyhd juepHzankhd;iw mq;fPfhpg;gjw;fhd xU nghwpKiw

kw;Wk; tpahghuj;ij ed;ndwpfSf;fikthf Kd;ndLj;Jr; nry;tjw;fhd

rhd;Wg; gjpTfs; kw;Wk; Gyk;ngaH gzpahsHfs; Gwg;gLtjw;F Kd;

Ml;NrHg;Gf; fl;lzkhf Nfhug;gl;l gzf;nfhLg;gdTfis fz;fhzpj;jy;

vd;gtw;iw cs;slf;fpapUj;jy; Ntz;Lk;. jdpahH Ml;NrHg;G KftHfis

fl;Lg;gLj;Jtjw;fhd epWtdkag;gLj;jg;gl;l xU nghwpKiwNa ,yq;if

ntspehl;L Ntiytha;g;G gzpafk;> MapDk; mjd; Fwpf;Nfhs;fs; ntspehl;l

Ntiytha;g;G KftHfspd; tsHr;rp kw;Wk; mgptpUj;jpf;Fk; cjTjy; kw;Wk;

Mjutspj;jy; vd;gtw;iwAk; cs;slf;fpAs;sd.353 ntspehl;L Ntiytha;g;G

KftHfspd; tsHr;rpf;F Mjutspf;Fk; ,yq;if ntspehl;L Ntiytha;g;G

gzpaj;jpd; ,e;j Miz> ,j;njhopy; Jiwapy; fl;Lg;ghl;lhsuhf mjd;

ghj;jpuj;Jld; Kuz;gl;ljhff; fhzg;gLfpwJ.

kWrPuhf;fj;jpw;Fhpa kw;WnkhU Kf;fpakhd gFjp Jiz KftHfs; kPjhd

$Ljy; fl;Lg;gLj;jy;fs; kw;Wk; fz;fhzpj;jy; MFk;. murhq;fk;> Jiz

KftHfsJ elj;ijfs; gw;wp fLikahd fl;Lg;ghLfis mKy;gLj;Jjy;

kw;Wk; kPwy;fSf;nfjpuhf Fwpg;gplj;jf;f mguhjq;fisAk; mwptpj;jy; Ntz;Lk;.

mDkjp ngw;w KftHfs; jw;NghJ Jiz KftHfis gzpf;fkHj;jp

flikfis mtHfsplk; ifaspf;fpd;wdH> Mdhy; mtHfs; gzpf;fkHj;Jk;

Jiz KftHfsJ rl;ltpNuhj eltbf;iffSf;F ve;jtpj nghWg;igAk; Vw;Wf;

nfhs;tjpy;iy. mDkjp ngw;w KftHfs; mjpfstpy; Jiz KftHfSld; xU

njhlHr;rpahd ml;ltizg;gb gzpahw;WtJld; mtHfSf;fhd

juFf;$ypiaAk; toq;F fpd;wgbahy; mDkjp ngw;w KftHfs; jq;fs; Jiz

KftHfis gjpT nra;J mjd; %yk; mDkjpaspj;J> fl;Lg;gLj;Jk; xU

Kiwik mKy;gLj;Jtjw;F rhj;jpakhdJ. Gyk; ngaHe;NjhH

352 ,yq;if ntsehl;L Ntiy tha;g;G gzpafk;> ntspehl;L Ntiytha;g;Gfspd; tUlhe;j

Gs;sp tpgu mwpf;if 2005> g.65

353 ,yq;if ntspehl;L Ntiytha;g;G gzpafj;jpd; rl;l ,y.21> 1985> gphpTfs; 15(a) – 15(d);

W`_DNf> “,yq;ifapy; Gyk;ngaHjy; Ml;Nrh;j;jy; eltbf;ifapd; epWtd hPjpahd

fz;fhzpj;jy;” Labour, gf;fk;: 57> 58@ ,.nt.Nt.g rl;ltpyf;fk; 21> 1985 gphpT 44. Kuptsch, ed., Merchants of Labour pp.55-56

123

chpikfSf;fhd gy murrhHgw;w ];jhgdq;fs; kdpj chpikfs;

fz;fhzpg;gfj;Jf;F $Wifapy;> jhk; ,yq;if murhq;fj;jplk;

mt;tpjkhdNjhH gjpT nra;J fz;fhzpf;Fk; Kiwia mKy;gLj;j

Ntz;bajhf Fwpg;gpl;ldH. Gyk; ngaHe;NjhH chpikfs; mikg;nghd;wpd;

jiytH> “ehq;fs;> murhq;fj;jplk; rl;lj;ij khw;Wk;gb $WfpNwhk;> ,jd;

%yk; mDkjp ngw;w KftHfs; Jiz KftHfis jq;fs; nghWg;gpd; fPo;

vLj;Jf; nfhs;tH. vq;fSf;F ntspehl;L Ntiytha;g;G gzpaf rl;lj;jpy;

jpUj;jq;fs; Njit> Jiz KftHfs; kPjhd njhopy; KftHfspd; nghWg;G

mjpfhpf;fg;gly; Ntz;Lk; vd;whH.”354

Jiz KftHfsJ rl;ltpNuhj Ml;NrHg;G eltbf;iffis fl;Lg;gLj;j>

fz;fhzpf;f my;yJ jz;bg;gjw;F ,yq;if murhq;fk; njhlHe;Jk;

jtWfpd;wJ vd;gJld; xU mjpfhhp $Wifapy;> Jiz KftHfSf;F

mDkjpg;gj;jpuk; mspg;gjw;Nfh my;yJ mtHfsJ eltbf;iffSf;F

mDkjpaspf;fg;gl;l njhopy; KftHfis nghWg;Gf; $w itg;gjw;F

murhq;fj;jplk; jpl;lk; vJTkpy;iy vd;whH. ,yq;if ntspehl;L Ntiytha;g;G

gzpafj;jpd; xU mjpfhhp kdpj chpikfs; fz;fhzpg;gfj;jpw;F $Wifapy;>

“Jiz KftHfis gjpT nra;tjw;F ,g;nghOJ jpl;lnkJTk;

vk;kplkpy;iy........... mtHfs; ,e;jj; Jiwapy; Kf;fpakhd nraw;ghl;lhsHfs;

vd;gij ehk; Vw;Wf;nfhs;s Ntz;Lk;. mtHfs; xU jpl;lkw;w tifapy;

nraw;gLfpd;wdH. mtHfsJ nraw;ghLfs; xU ,lj;jpw;F kl;Lk;

chpajhf ,Uf;ftpy;iy. ehq;fs; mtHfSf;F $Ljy; mq;fPfhuk; toq;fpdhy;

mJ $Ljyhd gpur;rpidfis cUthf;Fk;”.355

gapw;rp

Gyk;ngaUk; tPl;Lg; gzpahsHfSf;F Gwg;gLtjw;F Kd;duhd fl;lhag;

gapw;rpj; jpl;lj;jpid ,yq;if murhq;fk; mwpKfg;gLj;jpaikahdJ rhpahd

jpirNehf;fp vLf;fg;gl;l eltbf;ifahFk;. vt;thwhapDk; murhq;fk; ftdj;jpy;

nfhs;s Ntz;ba Fwpg;gplj;jf;f FiwghLfs; jw;Nghija jpl;lj;jpy;

fhzg;gLfpd;wd: jw;Nghija gapw;rp tPl;Lg; gzpahsHfsJ chpikfs; gw;wp

Nghjpastw;w my;yJ jtwhd jfty;fis toq;Ffpd;wJ vd;gJld; mNugpa

nkhopg; gapw;rpfSk; NghJkhditay;y. ,yq;if ntspehl;L Ntiytha;g;G

gzpafj;jpd; fl;lha gapw;rpapd;NghJ kj;jpa fpof;fpw;fhd gzpahsHfSf;F

mtHfsJ chpikfs; gw;wp gapw;WdHfs; toq;Fk; xNunahU jfty; mtHfs;

Ntiyj;jyq;fspypUe;J ,yq;if J}jufj;jpw;F jg;gp Xlf;$lhJ

vd;fpd;w mwpTiu kl;Lk;jhndd tPl;Lg; gzpahsHfs; njhptpj;jdH.

354 Gyk;ngaHe;NjhH chpikfs; mikg;gpd; jiytUldhd kdpj chpikfs;

fz;fhzpg;gfj;jjpd; NeHfhzy;. nfhOk;G> ,yq;if> xf;NlhgH 30> 2006.



124

gapw;WdHfs; ,yq;ifj; J}jufj;jpd; njhiyNgrp ,yf;fq;fis

toq;fpduhapDk; Nkw;nfhz;L MNyhridfs; vjidAk; njhptpf;ftpy;iy.

tPl;Lg; gzpahsHfspy; gyUf;F jq;fsJ chpikfs; gw;wp jtwhd jfty;fNs

njhptpf;fg;gl;bUe;jd. NeHfhzg;gl;l rpy gzpahsHfs; xg;ge;j fhyk;

Kbtiltjw;F Kd;ghfNt J\;gpuNahfq;fis Nkw;nfhs;Sk;

Ntiynfhs;NthhplkpUe;J tpyfpr; nry;y KbAnkd;gJ gw;wp mwpahjpUe;jdH.

rpwe;j Ntiy epge;jidfSf;fhf NgRtjw;Fk;> xg;ge;jj;jpy; cWjpaspf;fg;gl;l

Ntjdq;fisg; ngw;Wf; nfhs;sTk; kw;Wk; nkhj;jj;jpy; jq;fsJ chpikfis

NkYk; ghJfhj;Jf; nfhs;tjw;F mNugpa nkhopapy; Nkyjpf gapw;rp

mtrpankd tPl;Lg; gzpahsHfs; kdpj chpikfs; fz;fhzpg;gfj;jpw;F

njhptpj;jdH.

12 ehs; gapw;rp newp> Gyk;ngau tpUk;Gk; tPl;Lg; gzpahsh;fSf;F mbg;gil

muGnkhop> tPl;L cgfuzq;fis vt;tpjk; ifahs;tJ kw;Wk; mth;fs;

gzpf;fkh;j;jg;gLk; kj;jpa fpof;F ehLfspd; rk;gpujhaq;fs; gw;wp

fw;gpf;fpwJ. ,q;F> gapw;Wdh; ,yq;if ntspehl;L gpujpepjp mYtyfj;jpd;

njhiyNgrp ,yf;fq;fs; kw;Wk; tpkhd gazr;rPl;L gw;wp

tpsf;fkspf;fg;gLfpd;wdh;. ©2007 J\;ae;jp fdfrghgjpg;gps;is/kdpj

chpikfs; fz;fhzpg;gfk;

,yq;if ntspehl;L Ntiytha;g;G gzpafj;jpd; fl;lha gapw;rp Gyk;ngaH

ngz; gzpahsHfSf;F kl;LNkahdjhFk;. gapw;rp epiyaq;fs; 34 ,Ue;j

NghjpYk; ,jpy; 11 epiyaq;fs; mDkjpg;gj;jpuk; ngw;w KftHfshy;

epHtfpf;fg;gLfpd;wd. ,it ,yq;if ntspehl;L Ntiytha;g;G gzpafj;jpd;

NghjdhrphpaHfisNa gad;gLj;JtJld; xNu ghlnewpiaNa gpd;gw;Wfpd;wd.

125

kj;jpa fpof;fpw;F gazpf;Fk; tPl;Lg; gzpahsHfSf;fhd ,e;j 12 ehs; gapw;rp

Kjy; jlitahf kj;jpa fpof;fpw;F nry;Yk; ngz; gzpahsHfSf;F kl;LNk

fl;lhakhdJ. ,jd; vl;L myFfs;> mNugpa nkhopapd; mbg;gil> tPl;L

cgfuzq;fis ifahSjy;> Ntiy nfhs;Sk; ehl;bd; ghuk;ghpaq;fs; kw;Wk;

rk;gpujhaq;fs; kw;Wk; vr;.I.tp njhw;Wf;fspypUe;J vt;tpjk; jq;fis

ghJfhj;Jf; nfhs;tJ vd;gJ gw;wpa MNyhrid kw;Wk; “$UzHT nfhz;l

r%f tplaq;fis vt;tpjk; kdjstpy; khw;wpaikj;Jf; nfhs;tJ” vd;gtw;iw

cs;slf;fpAs;sJ.356 gapw;rpapd; ,Wjp ehs; tPl;Lg; gzpahsHfsJ

fztd;khHfSf;F (jhuq;fSf;F) mtHfs; FLk;gj;jpy; tfpf;Fk; ghj;jpuj;jpyhd

khw;wq;fs; kw;Wk; mtHfsJ kidtpfs; ntspehl;by; vjpHnfhs;sf; $ba

gpur;rpidfspd; rhj;jpaq;fs; vd;gij cs;slf;FfpwJ.357

,e;j 12 ehs;

gapw;rpapy; jdpNa %d;W my;yJ ehd;F kzpj;jpahyq;fs; tiuANk tPl;Lg;

gzpahsHfsJ chpikfs; gw;wp Nghjpg;gjw;F xJf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ.358 ,yq;if

ntspehl;L Ntiytha;g;G gzpafj;jpd; cj;jpNahfj;jH xUthpd; $w;Wg;gb>

tPl;Lg; gzpahsHfsJ chpikfs; gw;wpa Nghjdh tpsf;fk;> “tPl;Lg; gzpg;ngz;fs; ghypay; J\;gpuNahfk; my;yJ njhy;iyfis vjpHnfhs;s

Nehpl;lhy; “vt;tpjk; jk;ikf; fhg;ghw;wpf; nfhs;tJ” vd;gJ gw;wpAk; kw;Wk; J}jufj;jpd; njhiyNgrp ,yf;fj;ijAk; cs;slf;fpapUe;jJ.

359

xt;nthU tUlKk; RkhH 100 tPl;Lg; gzpahsHfSf;F rl;l cjtp toq;fp

tUk; rl;l cjtp kd;wj;jpd; rl;lj;juzpfs; Gyk;ngaUk; njhopyhsHfSf;F

xU tpopg;GzHT epfo;r;rpj; jpl;lj;ij elhj;jp tUtJld; 2006 ,d;

Muk;gj;jpypUe;J ,yq;if ntspehl;L Ntiytha;g;G

gzpafj;jpd; gapw;rp newpfspy; gq;Fgw;w Muk;gpj;jJld; gapw;rpj; jpl;lk; gw;wpAk;

tpkHrpj;jdH. xU rl;lj;juzp $Wifapy;> “rHtNjr njhopy; ];jhgd rkthak;

kw;Wk; Gyk;ngaH njhopyhsH rkthak; vd;gtw;wpd; fPo; tPl;Lg; gzpahsH

chpikfs; gw;wp NghJkhd gpur;rhuq;fs; ,yq;ifapy; Nkw;nfhs;sg;gltpy;iy”> vd;whH.

360 ,yq;ifg; ngz;fis kj;jpa fpof;fpw;F tPl;Lg; gzpg;ngz;fshf

Ml;NrHf;Fk; mDgtk; nfhz;l xU njhopy; KftH $Wifapy;> ‘,e;jg;

356 ,yq;if ntspehl;L Ntiytha;g;G gzpaj;jpd; gapw;rpg; gphpT cj;jpNahfj;jUldhd kdpj

chpikfs; fz;fhzpg;gfj;jpd; NeHfhzy;> nfhOk;G> etk;gH 16> 2006.

357 ,yq;if ntspehl;L Ntiytha;g;G gzpafj;jpd; \puhe;jp Vf;fehaf;fTldhd kdpj


358 ,yq;if ntspehl;L Ntiytha;g;G gzpafj;jpd; vy;. Nf. W`_DNfAldhd kdpj


359 ,yq;if ntspehl;L Ntiytha;g;G gzpafj;jpd; \puhe;jp Vf;fehaf;fTldhd kdpj


360 v];.v]; tpN[ul;d(rl;l cjtp kd;wk;) cldhd kdpj chpikfs; fz;fhzpg;gfj;jpd;


126

gapw;rpj; jpl;lk; gadw;wJ vd ehd; epidf;fpNwd;......murhq;fk; nra;a

Ntz;baJ vd;dntdpy; gpur;rpidfis vt;tpjk; vjpHnfhs;tJ vd;gJ

gw;wp ,g;ngz;fSf;f mwpT+l;LtNj..... tPl;Lg; gzpg;ngz;fshf mq;F

NghFk; ,tHfs; vOj> thrpf;f mwpe;jpUg;gJld;> njhiyNgrpapy; Ml;fis

vt;tpjk; njhlHG nfhs;s Ntz;baJ gw;wpAk; njhpe;jpUj;jy; Ntz;Lk;. mtuJ

Ml;fspd; njhiyNgrp ,yf;fq;fSk; mq;Fs;s Ntiy nfhs;NthuJ

njhiyNgrp ,yf;fq;fSk; ,Uj;jy; Ntz;Lk;”> vd;whH.361

Fitj; ehl;by; gzpGhpe;j xU tPl;Lg; gzpahsH gapw;rpapd;NghJ chpikfs;

gw;wpa gFjp gw;wp njhptpf;ifapy;> “ gapw;rpapd;NghJ gpur;rpidfs; vtw;wpw;Fk;

ehq;fs; Kfk; nfhLf;f Nehpl;lhy;> mq;Nf ,yq;ifj; J}jufk; cs;sJ> ePq;fs;

KfthplkpUe;J cjtpia ngw;Wf; nfhs;s KbAk;. ,t;tsTNk vq;fSf;F

$wg;gl;lJ. Kfthpd; Kfthp kw;Wk; njhiyNgrp ,yf;fj;ij vq;fSf;F

toq;fpdhHfs;. gpd; ehk; mq;F nrd;wJk; ,yq;if J}juf

njhiyNgrp ,yf;fj;ij toq;fpdhHfs;”> vd;whH.362 Lgha; kw;Wk; nygdhd; ehLfSf;F Gyk;ngaHe;j kw;nwhU tPl;Lg; gzpahsH $Wifapy;> “ehd; gapw;rp ngw;Nw ,q;F te;Js;Nsd;. gapw;rpapy; chpikfs; gw;wp rpwpJ

nrhy;yg;gl;lJ. ,yq;ifj; J}jufk; my;yJ Kftiu miof;Fk;gb vq;fSf;F

MNyhrid $wg;gl;lJ> Mdhy; vd;dplk; ,yq;ifj; J}juf

njhiyNgrp ,yf;fk; ,Uf;ftpy;iy> jdpNa LghapYs;s KftuJ

njhiyNgrp ,yf;fNk ,Ue;jJ. ehd; Kftiu mioj;j nghOJk; mtH cjtp

nra;atpy;iy. Mdhy; vdf;f ,yq;ifj; J}jufk; kw;Wk; KftH gw;wpNa

$wg;gl;lJ. vd;d gpur;rpidfisf; nfhz;bUe;jhYk; ,t;tpU ,yf;fq;fisANk

njhlHG nfhs;Sk;gb mtHfs; gapw;rpapd;NghJ $wpdhHfs;> Mdhy; ehd;

gzpahw;Wifapy;> gzpahw;wpa ,lq;fspy; vy;yhk; njhiyNgrp miog;ig

Nkw;nfhs;tjw;F ehd; mDkjpf;fg;gltpy;iy.”> vd;whH.363 nfhOk;G

gy;fiyf;fofk; kw;Wk; Gyk;ngaHNthH Nritfs; epiyak; vd;gd ,ize;J

xf;NlhgH 2002 ,y; elhj;jpa kjpg;gha;tpy; 400 FLk;gq;fspd; kPs;jpUk;gpa

tPl;Lg; gzpahsHfSs; Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;l Ma;tpy; 12 rj tPj khdtHfs;

kl;LNk Kjy; jlit Ntiyf;fhf ntspehL nry;ifapy; jq;fs; chpikfs;

gw;wp mwpe;jpUe;jjhf $wpdH.364


fz;fhzpg;gfj;jpd; NeHfhzy;> nfhOk;G> ,yq;if> etk;gH 18> 2006.

362 lgps;A+. NrhkhTldhd kdpj chpikfs; fz;fhzpg;gfj;jpd; NeHfhzy;.


363 vr;. re;jphpf;fhTldhd kdpj chpikfs; fz;fhzpg;gfj;jpd; NeHfhzy;. FUehfy;> ,yq;if>

etk;gH 14> 2006

364 fyhepjp V.N[. tPuKz;lh> nfhOk;G gy;fiyf;fofk;> r%ftpay; gphpT> Gyk;ngaHNthH

Nrit epiyak;: Gyk;ngaH njhopyhsH rq;fk; rPJit/fk;g`h> fSj;Jiw kw;Wk; Nffhiy

kjpg;gha;T KbTfs;> fk;g`h> fSj;Jiw kw;Wk; Nffhiy khtl;lq;fspy; gq;Fgw;wy;

nraw;ghl;L Muha;r;rp. (nfhOk;G> Gyk;ngaHNthH Nrit epiyak;> 2002)> g.2

127

gapw;rpapy; nkhop gw;wpa ghl tpsf;fk; mjpfhpf;fg;gl Ntz;LnkdTk;> tPl;Lg;

gzpahsHfs; kdpj chpikfs; fz;fhzpg;gfj;Jf;F njhptpj;jdH. kdpj

chpikfs; fz;fhzpg;gfk; NeHfz;l rkak;> Lghapy; gzpGhpe;J gpd;dH

irg;gpu]py; gzpGhptjw;fhf ,yq;if ntspehl;L Ntiytha;g;G gzpaf

gapw;rpia ngw;Wf; nfhz;bUe;j xU tPl;Lg; gzpahsH njhptpf;ifapy;> “,e;j gapw;rpia mgptpUj;jp nra;a Ntz;Lnkd ehd; epidf;fpNwd;. gapw;rp

nkhopawpit tpUj;jp nra;a Ntz;Lk;. Vnddpy; gpur;rpidfs; mq;Fjhd;

Muk;gkhfpd;wJ vd ehd; vz;ZfpNwd;”> vd;whH.365

jw;NghJ ,yq;if ntspehl;L Ntiytha;g;G gzpaf gapw;rpj; jpl;lk; mDgtk;

nfhz;l tPl;Lg; gzpahsHfis gapw;WdHfshf cj;jpNahfG+Htkhf

gzpf;fkHj;Jtjpy;iy. ,jw;Fg; gjpyhf gapw;WdHfs; Rfhjhuk;> tq;fpj;Jiw

kw;Wk; nkhopj;JiwfspypUe;J ngwg;gLfpd;wdH. ,yq;if ntspehl;L

Ntiytha;g;G gzpafj;jpd; xU ghPl;rhHj;jkhd Kd;Ndhbj;

jpl;lnkhd;wpy; Ie;J tUlq;fSf;F Nky; ntspehl;by; tPl;Lg; gzpg;ngz;zhf

gzpGhpe;j rpyiu gapw;WdHfshf NrHj;J mtHfspd; nraw;ghLfis kjpg;gPL

nra;fpwJ.366

Gyk;ngaH njhopyhsH rkthak;> “Gyk;ngaH njhopyhsHfs; kw;Wk; mtHfsJ

FLk;gj;jtHfs; mtHfs; nrhe;j ehl;L murhy;> Ntiynfhs;Sk; ehl;bd;

murhy; my;yJ re;jHg;gj;Jf;F Vw;wtifapy; ,ilj;jq;Fk; ehl;bd; murhy;

jw;Nghija rkthaj;jpdhy; vOfpd;w mtHfsJ chpikfs; gw;wp mwpTWj;jg;gl

Ntz;ba chpikiaf; nfhz;Ls;sdH.”367 vdj; njhptpf;fpd;wJ. NkYk; mJ>

“nrhy;yg;gl;l jfty;fis gug;Giu nra;tjw;Fk; my;yJ mit

Ntiynfhs;NthH> njhopw; rq;fq;fs; my;yJ Vida nghUj;jkhd mikg;Gfs;

my;yJ epWtdq;fshy; toq;fg;gLtij cWjp nra;tjw;F muR jug;Gf;fs;

mtHfs; nghUj;jkhdjhf fUJk; midj;J KiwfisAk; Nkw;nfhs;s

Ntz;Lk;”> vdTk; njhptpf;fpwJ.368 If;fpa ehLfs; nghJr;rigapd;

jPHkhdnkhd;Wk; ,Nj tpjkhf> “rk;ge;jg;gl;l murhq;fq;fis Fwpg;ghf

gzpahsHfspd; nrhe;j ehLfs; kw;Wk; nry;Yk; ehLfs; vd;gd jLg;G

eltbf;iffis tYg;gLj;Jk; Nehf;fj;jpw;fhd MjuT kw;Wk;

nghUj;jkhd tsq;fis xJf;fpAk; Fwpg;ghf ,yf;fhf nfhs;sg;gl;l

FOf;fSf;fhd jfty;fis toq;fTk;> mwpT+l;Ljy; kw;Wk; ,e;j tplak;

njhlHghd tpopg;GzHit mjpfhpg;gjw;F gpur;rhuq;fis Njrpa kw;Wk; fpuhkpa

365 gp. rtpe;jpAldhd kdpj chpikfs; fz;fhzpg;gfj;jpd; NeHfhzy;. FUehfy;> ,yq;if>

etk;gH 4> 2006.

366 ,yq;if ntspehl;L Ntiytha;g;G gzpaj;jpd; gapw;rpg; gphpT cj;jpNahfj;jUldhd kdpj


367 Gyk;ngaH njhopyhsH rkthak;> cWg;Giu 33(1) (a)

368 Gyk;ngaH njhopyhsH rkthak;> cWg;Giu 33(2)

128

kl;lq;fspy; Nkw;nfhs;tjw;fhd xj;Jiog;Gf;fis mur rhHgw;w ];jhgdq;fspd;

cjtpfSld; Nkw; nfhs;s Ntz;Lnkd Ntz;LfpwJ.”369 If;fpa ehLfs;

nghJr;rigAk; mjd; cWg;G ehLfs;> “Gyk;ngaUk; ngz; njhopyhsHfSf;F

mtHfsJ chpikfs; gw;wpAk; mtHfSf;F chpj;jhd ed;ikfs; gw;wpAk;

mwpTWj;Jtjw;fhd eltbf;iffis” gpd;gw;Wtij Cf;Ftpf;fpwJ.370

cj;Njrpf;fg;gl;l Gyk;ngaHjy; jil

,yq;ifapd; Gyk;ngaH gzpahsHfs; kw;Wk; mtHfsJ FLk;gq;fspd; eyd;fs;

gw;wpa fhprdq;fspw;fhd xU jtwhf newpg;gLj;jg;gl;l gpujpgypg;ghf ,sk;

rpwhHfisf; nfhz;l jha;khHfs; Gyk;ngaHtjw;fhd jilia ,yq;if

murhq;fk; Kd;nkhope;jJ. rpWtH mgptpUj;jp kw;Wk; ngz;fs; tYthf;f

mikr;ruhy; Ie;J taJf;Ff; Fiwe;j gps;isfisf; nfhz;l ngz;fs;

Gyk;ngaHtij jil nra;Ak; xU rl;l%yk; rkHg;gpf;fg;gl;L mJ ,yq;if

mikr;ruitahy; khHr; 7> 2007 md;W Vw;Wf; nfhs;sg;gl;lJ. ,e;jf; fl;Lg;ghL

Ie;Jk; mjw;Fk; Nkw;gl;l taijAila Foe;ijfisf; nfhz;l jha;khHfs;

jq;fsJ gps;isfSf;F nghUj;jkhd ghJfhtyHfis toq;f KbAk;

vd;gjw;fhd Mjhuq;fis toq;fp murhq;f rignahd;wplkpUe;jhd mDkjpia

Gyk;ngaHtjw;F Kd; ngwy; Ntz;LnkDk; fl;Lg;gLj;jy;fisf; nfhz;bUe;jJ.

cj;Njrpf;fg;gl;l Gyk;ngaHjy; jilf;F> ntspehl;by; jq;fs;

jha;khHfSld; ,ize;J nfhs;s Kbahj rpWtHfs; kPJ jha;khHfspd;

Gyk;ngaHjyhy; Vw;gLfpd;w r%fj; jhf;fq;fs; gw;wpa fhprdNk

fhuznkd ,yq;if murhq;fk; epahak; fw;gpj;jJ. khHr; 8> 2007 ,y;

ntspaplg;gl;l Clf mwpf;ifapy;> “Gyk;ngaHfpd;w ngz;fspd; Foe;ijfs;

mdhjuthd epiyapy; Mgj;JfSf;F cl;glf;$ba epiyapYk; kw;Wk; Nghjpa

Ngh\hf;F kw;Wk; Rfhjhuf; ftdpg;gpd;wpf; fhzg;gLfpd;wdH”> vd;gjd; mbg;gilapy; ,e;jf; nfhs;ifia epahag;gLj;jpaJ.”371

,yq;if Gyk;ngaHNthH chpikfSf;fhd mikg;Gfs; ,e;j cj;Njrpf;fg;gl;l

jilia vjpHj;jJ. ,yq;ifapd; ntspehl;L Ntiytha;g;G mgptpUj;jp

mikr;rH> ,e;j vjpHg;G Ml;Nrgidfspdhy; ,yq;if murhq;fk; jilia

369 I.eh nghJr;rig> “Gyk;ngaH njhopyhsHfSf;nfjpuhd td;Kiw”> jPHkhdk; 60/139,

A/RES/60/139 (2006) > ge;jp 8. 370 I.eh nghJr;rig> “Gyk;ngaH njhopyhsHfSf;nfjpuhd td;Kiw”> jPHkhdk; 60/139,

A/RES/60/139 (2006) > ge;jp 9 371 “mikr;ruit jPHkhdq;fspd; rhuhk;rk;> 3 khHr; 2007: jha;khHfs; Gyk;ngaHtjpyhd

fl;Lg;ghLfs;”> ,yq;if murhq;fj;jpd; Clf ntspaPL> khHr; 8> 2007.

http://www.news.lk/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&ltemid=51 (accessed September 6,2007).

129

kPs;ghprPyid nra;fpwJ vd mwptpj;jhH.372 ,t;twpf;ifia vOJk;tiu

jilf;fhd cj;Njr tiuG ghuhSkd;wj;jhy; mq;fPfhpf;fg;gl;L rl;l

tYtspf;fg;gltpy;iy. Gyk;ngaUk; ngz; njhopyhsHfsJ chpikfis

NkYk; fl;Lg;gLj;Jtjw;F gjpyhf murhq;fk; ,yq;ifapy; ngz;fSf;fhd

nghUshjhu kw;Wk; fy;tpf;fhd tha;g;Gf;fis mjpfhpj;jy; Ntz;Lk;. ,jd;

%yk; tPl;Lg; gzpahsHfs; Gyk;ngaHjiy NtW topfsw;w epiyapyhd XH

topahf nfhs;shky; xU tpUg;gpd; mbg;gilapyhd njhpthff; nfhs;s

KbAk;. jq;fSf;F njhpe;j xNunahU njhopy; NjLk; tifahd

Gyk;ngaHjiy jil nra;tjd; %yk; jq;fs; gps;isfSf;F

MjhukhftpUg;gij cj;Njrpf;fg;gl;l jil jLf;fpwJ. ,sk; gps;isfisf;

nfhz;l ngz;fs; gyH> jq;fs; gps;isfspd; tho;f;if ntspehl;by; <l;Lfpd;w

tUkhdj;jpNyNa jq;fpapUg;gjhfTk; mjdhy; Gyk;ngaHjNy cz;ikapy;

jq;fSf;Fhpa rpwe;j njhpthf cs;sJ vd kdpj chpikfs;

fz;fhzpg;gfj;jpw;F njhptpj;jdH. Ie;J gps;isfspd; jhahH $Wifapy;>

“,yq;ifapy; Ntnwe;j ,lj;jpYk; vd;dhy; Ntiy ngw;Wf;nfhs;s

Kbatpy;iy> tUkhdkpy;yhjjhy; ehd; fhR fld; thq;fpNa czT

cl;nfhz;L ehshe;jk; nryTfisAk; rkhspf;f Kbe;jJ. vdJ gps;isfs;

rpd;dQ; rpwpatHfshf ,Ue;jJld; ehd; Gyk;ngaHe;J nry;Yk;NghJ tPl;by;

xd;WNkapUf;ftpy;iy.”373

,yq;if mjd; murpayikg;G kw;Wk; rHtNjr rl;lj;jpd; fPo; Ntiytha;g;Gfs;

cl;gl ghugl;rq;fspypUe;J ngz;fis ghJfhg;gjw;fhd flg;ghl;ilf;

nfhz;Ls;sJ. ,yq;ifapd; murpayikg;G mjd; cWg;Giu 12 ,y; gpuir

vtUk; ghy; mbg;gilapy; ghugl;rj;jpw;Fs;shf;fg;gLjy; $lhJ vdj;

njhptpf;fpd;wJ.374

,yq;ifAk; xU jug;ghd rHtNjr kdpj chpikfSf;fhd

cld;gbf;iffSk; ngz;fSf;nfjpuhd ghugl;rq;fisj; jil nra;fpd;wd.

xf;NlhgH 1981 ,y; ,yq;if Vw;Wr; rl;ltY mspj;j ngz;fSf;F vjpuhd

midj;J tpj ghugl;rq;fisAk; ,y;yhnjhopj;jy; kPjhd rkthak; (CEDAW)

> Ntiytha;g;G Jiwfspy; Ntiytha;g;G kw;Wk; njhopiy RahjPdkhf

NjHe;njLf;Fk; chpikia toq;Fjy; cl;gl ngz;fSf;nfjpuhd

ghugl;rq;fis ,y;yhnjhopf;f muRfis Ntz;LfpwJ.

372 “ntspehLfspy; ,sk; jha;khHfs; ghpGhptjpyhd jilia muR kPs;ghprPyid nra;fpwJ”>

rd;Nliuk;]; (nfhOk;G) Nk 13> 2007. http://sundaytimes.lk/070513/Financial Times/ft344.html (accessed September 6, 2007). 373 v];. fjpnuhspAldhd kdpj chpikfs; fz;fhzpg;gfj;jpd; NeHfhzy;.

`guhJt> ,yq;if> etk;gH 14> 2006.

374 ,yq;if murpayikg;G> cWg;Giu 12.

130

Ntiynfhs;Sk; ehLfspy; ,yq;if ntspehl;L

gpujpepjp mYtyf Nritfs;

,yq;ifg; gzpg;ngz;fs; Ntiy nra;Ak; xt;nthU ehl;bYKs;s

J}jufq;fs; me;j ehLfspy; gzpahw;Wk; ,yq;ifg; gzpg;ngz;fs;

VNjDk; gpur;rpidfis vjpHnfhs;fpd;wduh my;yJ VNjDk;

cjtpfs; mtHfSf;Fj; Njitg;gLfpd;wjh vd;gijf;

fz;fhzpf;f jdpg;gl;l KiwapYk; kw;Wk; kdg;G+HtkhfTk;

<LgLthHfshapd; ,yq;ifg; gzpg;ngz;fs; Njitaw;w

gpur;rpidfs; vtw;Wf;Fk; Kfk; nfhLf;f Ntz;bajpy;iynad

ehd; epidf;fpNwd;..... ,e;j J}jufq;fs; gzpg;ngz;fSf;F

gpur;rpidfs; VJkpUe;jhy; jk;ik miof;Fk;gb Ntz;bdhYk; rpy

J}jufq;fs; gzpg; ngz;fs; gpur;rpifspd;wp cs;sduh my;yJ

Fwpg;gpl;l rk;gtq;fs; gw;wp gpw;njhlHr;rpahf fz;fhzpg;gJ

Mfpa ,U tplaq;fspy; mf;fiw fhl;Ltjpy;iy.375

—lgps;A+. Rre;jpfh> nygdhd;> Fitj; kw;Wk; N[hHjhd;

ehLfspy; Kd;dH gzpahw;wpa tPl;Lg; gzpg;ngz;.

Ntiynfhs;Sk; ehLfspd; cs;@H ePjpr;Nrit nghwpKiwfspypUe;J nghpJk;

tpyf;fg; gl;l epiyapy;> jhq;fs; Ntiynfhs;Sk; ehl;bYs;s jkJ

J}jufq;fs; my;yJ gpujpepjp mYtyfj;jpw;F mtru cjtpfis Njb

Gyk;ngaH tPl;Lg; gzpahsHfs; rpy rkaq;fspy; jg;gpNahLfpd;wdH.

Ntiynfhs;Sk; ehLfspYs;s ,yq;if gpujpepjp; mYtyfk; cz;ikapy;

xt;nthU ehSk; gy Kiwg;ghLfisg; ngWtJld; ve;jnthU NtisapYk;

Jd;gg;gLk; E}w;Wf;Fk; Nkw;gl;l ngz;fSf;F Gfyplk; mspf;f Ntz;bAk;

cs;sJ.


muGfs; ,uhr;rpaj;jpYs;s ,yq;ifj; J}jufk; kw;Wk; ntspehl;L gpujpepjp

mYtyfj;jplkpUe;J cjtpfisj; NjbtUk; ,yq;if tPl;Lg; gzpahsHfSf;F

toq;fg;gLk; Nritfspy; ,ilntspfs; fhzg;gLtij kdpj chpikfs;

fz;fhzpg;gfj;jpd; Ma;tfs; Mtzg;gLj;jpAs;sd. jq;fsJ Ntiy

nfhs;NthhplkpUe;J jg;gpNahLk; tPl;Lg; gzpahsHfSf;F Gfyplk;

toq;Fk; ,yq;if ntspehl;L gpujpepjp mYtyfk;> jLj;J itf;fg;gl;Ls;s

Gyk;ngaH njhopyhsHfSf;F cjTtJld; ,yq;ifapd; Gyk;ngaH

njhopyhsHfs; jpUg;gpaDg;gg;gLjYf;Fk; cjTfpwJ. J\;gpuNahfq;fis

Nkw;nfhs;Sk; xU Ntiynfhs;NthhplkpUe;J jg;gp my;yJ khw;wj;ijg; ngw>

ntspehl;L gpujp mYtyfj;ij cjtpf;fhf ehLk; tPl;Lg; gzpahsHfSf;F>

375 lgps;A+. Rre;jpfhTldhd kdpj chpikfs; fz;fhzpg;gfj;jpd; NeHfhzy;.


131

mtHfis kPl;gjw;fhd cjtpfis toq;fj; jtWjy;@ ntspehl;L gpujpepjp

mYtyfj;ij cjtpf;fhf ehba gpd;dH njhopyhsHfspd; tplaq;fis

njhlHe;Jk; fz;fhzpf;Fk; eltbf;if fspyhd ftdf; FiwT@

J\;gpuNahfq;fspdhy; Jd;Gw;w tPl;Lg; gzpahsHfSf;F

cs;s ,og;gPLfSf;fhd toptiffSf;fhd jfty;fis toq;fj;

jtWjy;@ ,og;gPLfis ehLk; tPl;Lg; gzpahsHfSf;fhd cjtpfs;

Vw;ghl;byhd FiwghLfs;@ kdNtjidf;Fs;shd tPl;Lg; gzpahsHfSf;F

cstsj; Jiz Nritfs; toq;Ftjpyhd FiwghLfs;@ kw;Wk; J}jufk;>

ntspehl;L gpujpepjp mYtyf eyd;Ghp epiyaq;fspd; trjpfsw;w epiy

vd;git toq;fg;gLk; NritfspYs;s ,ilntspfspy;

cs;slq;Ffpd;wd. ,yq;if J}jufq;fNshL xg;gpLifapy;> gpypg;igd;]; ehL>

mjd; gpuirfshd gpypg;gpNdh tPl;Lg; gzpahsHfSf;F gpypg;igd;]; ntspehl;L

njhopy; epHthfk; kw;Wk; mjd; ,uh[je;jpu FOf;fs; %yk; tYthd

ghJfhg;ig toq;fpAs;sJ.


muGfs; ,uhr;rpaj;jpYs;s ,yq;ifapd; ntspehl;L mYtyfq;fs;> J\;gpuNahf

Ntiy epiyikfspypUe;J jg;Gtjw;F mtHfs; cjtpfSf;fhf njhlHG

nfhs;Sk; tPl;Lg; gzpahsHfSf;F kPl;Gf;fhd cjtpfis toq;Ftjpy;iy.

Ntiyj;jyq;fspy; J\;gpuNahf epiyikfis mDgtpf;ifapy; ,yq;if

J}jufk; my;yJ ntspehl;L gpujpepjp mYtyfj;ij cjtp Nfhhp njhlHG

nfhz;l gy tPl;Lg; gzpahsHfSf;F ntWkNd jg;gpNahLk;gb kl;LNk

MNyhrid njhptpf;fg;gl;lJ. Ntiyj;jyq;fspy; gyte;jkhf jLj;J

itf;fg;gl;bUg;NghUf;F ,e;j tifapyhd MNyhrid NghJkhdjy;y. rpy

re;jHg;gq;fspy; ,yq;if tPl;Lg; gzpahsHfs;> J\;gpuNahfq;fis

vjpHnfhs;ifapy; kw;Wk; mtHfsJ Ntiyj;jyq;fspy; jLj;J

itf;fg;gl;bUf;ifapy; my;yJ jhkhf jg;gpNahLtjd; gpd;tpisTfs; Fwpj;J

mr;rkile;Js;sNghJ mtHfsJ J}jufq;fspypUe;J Njitahd cjtpfis

ngw Kbahjjpdhy; njhlHe;Jk; J\;gpuNahfq;fspdhy; Jd;gg;gLfpd;wdH. V.

n[aeldp> rT+jp mNugpahtpYs;s ,yq;ifj; J}jufj;jplkpUe;J cjtpiag;

ngWtjw;fhf Kaw;rpj;jhH. mtuhy; mtuJ Ntiynfhs;NthH tPl;bypUe;J

jg;gKbahky; NghdJld; gpd;dH mtuJ Ntiynfhs;Nthhpd; kfdhy; ghypay;

ty;YwTf;Fs;shf;fg;gl;L fHg;gkile;jhH. mtH $Wifapy;:

ehd; J}jufj;ij mioj;J mjpfhhpfSld; rpq;fs nkhopapy;

fijj;Njd;. mtHfs; me;j tPl;bypUe;J vt;tpjkhtJ jg;gpNahb

J}jufj;jpw;F tUk;gb vdf;Ff; $wpdhHfs;..... vd;id mtHfshy;

Njb tuKbahJ vd;W $wpdhHfs;..... vd;dhy; jg;gpNahl

Kbatpy;iy. Vndd;why; ehd; mr;rkile;jpUe;Njd;..... mtHfs;

vd;dplk; NtW vjidAk; $wtpy;iy> jdpNa J}jufj;Jf;F

tUk;gb kl;Lk; $wpdH. ehd; mJ gw;wp rpe;jpj;Njd;> jdpNa

J}jufj;Jf;F NghtJ gw;wp mr;rkile;Njd;. Vw;fdNt

132

ehd; Kfk; nfhLf;Fk; gpur;rpidfSf;f Nkyjpfkhf J}jufj;jpw;F

nry;Yk; topapYk; gpur;rpidfs; Vw;glyhnkd gae;Njd;. MfNt

ehd; jg;gp XlhkypUf;f jPHkhdpj;Njd;.376

kj;jpa fpof;fpy; 10 tUlq;fSf;F Nky; Ie;J jlitfs; gzpahw;wpa

kw;WnkhU tPl;Lg; gzpahsH ghpe;Jiuf;ifapy;> “Njitahd nghOJ

J}jufq;fspypUe;J cjtpiag; ngw;Wf; nfhs;tjw;fhd

Kiwiknahd;Wk; ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk;..... Fwpg;gpl;lnjhU mYtyfk; my;yJ

eghpd; njhiyNgrp ,yf;fk; vq;fSf;F jug;gly; Ntz;Lk;. ehq;fs; mioj;jhy;

me;j egH vq;fis me;j tPl;by; fz;Lgpbf;ff; $bajhf ,Uj;jy; Ntz;Lk;”>377 vd;W $wpdhH.

tPl;Lg; gzpahsHfs; cjtp Ntz;b J}jufq;fis mioj;j re;jHg;gq;fisf;

nfhz;l rk;gtq;fspy; ntspehl;L gpujpepjp mYtyfk; mNefk;

gpw;njhlHr;rpahd eltbf;iffis Nkw;nfhs;tjpy;iy. ,yq;if ntspehl;L

Ntiytha;g;G gzpafj;jpy; vl;L tUlq;fshf gzpahw;wpa xU mjpfhhp

gpd;tUk; ghpe;Jiuia kdpj chpikfs; fz;fhzpg;gfj;jpw;Fj; je;jhH:

“J}jufk; tpkhdk; %yk; tUk; xt;nthU Gyk;ngaH

njhopyhsHfs; gw;wpa tpguq;fis mwpe;jpUj;jy; Ntz;Lk;.

ntspehLfSf;F gzpg;ngz;zhfr; nry;Yk; xt;nthU

gazpAk; Gwg;gLtjw;F Kd;dH jq;fsJ tpguq;fisg;

ngw;Wf; nfhs;s Ntz;Lk;. J}jufq;fs; vd;d eilngWfpwJ

vd;gijf; fz;fhzpj;J mtHfis mioj;J mtHfsJ gzpepiy

gw;wpa tpguq;fis Nfl;lwpe;J nfhs;Sjy; Ntz;Lk;. ,e;j

tplaq;fs; midj;ijAk; mtHfs; mwpe;J nfhs;thHfshapd;>

J}jufj;Jf;F cjt KbAk;. njhopyhsUld; xUq;fpize;J

nraw;gLtjw;fhd Mw;wy; ,Uj;jy; Ntz;Lk;. tPl;Lg; gzpahsH

mioj;J> “vdf;F xU gpur;rpid cs;sJ”> vdj; njhptpf;Fk; gl;rj;jpy; J}jufk; cldbahf mjidf; fUj;jpy; nfhz;L mtiu

kPz;Lk; mioj;J tplaj;ij njhlHe;J fz;fhzpj;jy; Ntz;Lk;.378

,yq;if ntspehl;L gpujpepjp mYtyf mjpfhhpfs; J\;gpuNahfq;fshy;

Jd;gg;gl;l tPl;Lg; gzpahsHfSf;Fs;s ,og;gPLfSf;fhd njhpTfs; gw;wpa

376 V. n[aeldpAldhd kdpj chpikfs; fz;fhzpg;gfj;jpd; NeHfhzy;. fz;b> ,yq;if>

etk;gH 10> 2006.

377 vk;. rj;JhpAldhd kdpj chpikfs; fz;fhzpg;gfj;jpd; NeHfhzy;. ,wk;Gf;fid> ,yq;if>

etk;gH 6> 2006.

378 ,yq;if ntspehl;L Ntiytha;g;G gzpaf cj;jpNahfj;jUldhd kdpj chpikfs;

fz;fhzpg gfj;jpd; NeHfhzy;. (ngaH kiwf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ)> FUehfy; khtl;lk;> ,yq;if>

etk;gH 5> 2006.

133

tpguq;fis toq;Ftjw;F mNefk; jtwptpLfpd;wdH. J}jufk; kw;Wk;

ntspehl;L gpujpepjp mYtyf cj;jpNahfj;jh; J\;gpuNahfj;ij Nkw;nfhs;Sk;

Ntiynfhs;NthH my;yJ njhopy; KftUf;nfjpuhf xU Kiwg;ghl;il gjpT

nra;tjw;fhd jfty; tpguq;fis jq;fSf;F toq;ftpy;iynad mNefkhd

tPl;Lg; gzpahsHfs; Kiwapl;ldH. Ntiynfhs;NthH kw;Wk; LghapYs;s

njhopy; KftHfshy; J\;gpuNahfj;Jf;Fs;shd xU Gyk;ngaH tPl;Lg;

gzpg;ngz; $wpaJ:

ehndhU Kiwg;ghl;il J}jufj;jpy; gjpT nra;Njd;.

ehd; ,yq;if caH];jhdpfuhyaj;Jf;Fr; nrd;W xU

mjpfhhpAld; fijj;Njd;. mtH ehd; Vd; NghfpNwd; vd;W

Nfl;lhH> mjw;F ehd; “vdJ Ntiynfhs;NthH kw;Wk; Kftuhy;

ehd; jhf;fg;gl;bUf;fpNwd;> mjdhy; ehd; jpUk;gpg;

NghfNtz;Lk;”> vd;W $wpNdd;. ehd; $wpa vjidAk; mtH

vOjpf; nfhs;stpy;iy. ,e;j Kiwg;ghl;by; ehd;

jpUg;jpailatpy;iy. Fwpg;gpl;l Ntiynfhs;NthUld; vd;dhy;

re;Njh\khf Ntiy nra;a KbahJtpl;lhy; vd;dhy; jpUk;gpr;

nry;y KbAnkd;gJ vdf;Fj; njhpAk;> MdhYk; me;j mjpfhhp

ve;jnthU Fwpg;igNah my;;yJ mwpf;ifiaNah vOjtpy;iy.379

ntspehl;L gpujpepjp mYtyfq;fspYs;s eyd;Ghp mjpfhhpfs; tPl;Lg;

gzpahsHfSf;F toq;fg;glhj Ntjdq;fis my;yJ jdpg;gl;l nrhe;j

cilikfis kPsg; ngWtjw;fhd rl;l eltbf;iffSf;F nghWg;ghdtHfshf

cs;sdH> MapDk; kdpj chpikfs; fz;fhzpg;gfk; NeHfhzy; nra;j

ve;jnthU tPl;Lg; gzpahsHfSNk jq;fSf;F toq;fg;glhj Ntjd epYitia

ntspehl;L gpujpepjp mYtyf cj;jpNahfj;jHfspd; cjtpapdhy

KOikahf kPsg;ngw;Wf; nfhz;ljhf njhptpf;ftpy;iy.380 jdf;F

toq;fg;glhjpUe;j 12 khjfhy Ntjdj;ij kPsg;ngWtjw;fhf

nygdhdpYs;s ,yq;if ntspehl;L gpujpepjp mYtyfj;jpd; cjtpia ehba

xU tPl;Lg; gzpahsH $wpaJ> “J}jufj;jpypUe;j mjpfhhpaplk; ehd;> vdJ

Ntiynfhs;NthH vdf;F rk;gsk; nfhLg;gjpy;iy vd;W Kiwapl;Nld;. mjw;F

me;j mjpfhhp> ehd; tPl;il tpl;Lj; jg;gp Xbajhy; mtHfs; ve;jf;

nfhLg;gdTk; nra;akhl;lhHfs; vdf; $wpdhH. mtH vjidAk; vOjpf;

nfhs;shjJld; vdf;F vjidAk; njhptpf;ftpy;iy. mtH ntWkNd ehd;

nrhy;tijf; Nfl;lhH.... ,d;Wtiu vdf;F vJTk; fpilf;ftpy;iy.”381 ,yq;if

379 vr;. re;jphpfhTldhd kdpj chpikfs; fz;fhzpg;gfj;jpd; NeHfhzy;. FUehfy;> ,yq;if>

etk;gH 4> 2006.

380 ,yq;if ntspehl;L Ntiytha;g;G cj;jpNahfj;jUldhd kdpj chpikfs;


381 vr;. mwpTilAldhd kdpj chpikfs; fz;fhzpg;gfj;jpd; NeHfhzy;. `guhJt> ,yq;if>

etk;gH 14> 2006.

134

ntspehl;L Ntiytha;g;G gzpaf cj;jpNahfj;jH xUtH kdpj chpikfs;

fz;fhzpg;gfj;jpw;F $wpaJ> “ntspehl;L njhlHG gphpT> ntspehl;Lg; gpujpepjp mYtyfk; Clhf Ntiynfhs;NthUf;nfjpuhf rl;l eltbf;if vLf;Fk;.

me;jg; gf;fj;jpy; ,J kpfTk; gytPdkhf cs;sJ.”382 kw;WnkhU ,yq;if

ntspehl;L Ntiytha;g;G gzpaf cj;jpNahfj;jH> ,e;j eyd;Ghp

mjpfhhpfSf;F rl;l eltbf;iffis Kd;ndLj;Jr; nry;tjpy; Nkyjpf gapw;rp

Njitnadf; Fwpg;gpl;lhH> “J}jufq;fspy; gzpg;ngz;fspd; gpur;rpidfs; gw;wpf;

ftdpg;gjw;F cj;jpNahfj;jHfis epakpj;jpUf;fpNwhk.... MdhYk;

Kiwg;ghLfis vt;tpjk; ifahs;tnjhd mtHfSf;F mwpT+l;l Ntz;Lk;.”383

ghjpf;fg;gl;l gzpahsHfspd; ,og;gPl;Lf;fhd ek;gpf;if

VNjDk; ,Uf;Fkhapd;> ,yq;ifapd; ntspehl;L gpujpepjp mYtyf

cj;jpNahfj;jHfs;> toq;fg;glhj Ntjd epYit my;yJ

J\;gpuNahfq;fSf;fhd tof;Ffis gzpahsHfs; Ntiynfhs;Sk;

ehl;by; ,Uf;Fk; nghOJ kl;LNk nfhz;L elhj;j Ntz;Lk; vd;gij

gzpahsHfSf;f njhptpj;jy; Ntz;Lk;. xt;nthU tUlKk; RkhH 100 tPl;Lg;

gzpahsHfSf;F rl;l cjtp toq;Fk; rl;l cjtp kd;wj;jpd; Gyk;ngaH

njhopyhsH gphptpd; gzpg;ghsH $Wifapy;> “Gyk;ngaH gzpg;ngz; xUtH

ntspehl;by; xU gpur;rpidiaf; nfhz;bUe;J> gpd;dH mtH ehL jpUk;gpaJk;

mtuJ gzj;ij kPsg;ngWtjw;fhd Vw;ghLfs; rl;lj;jpy; ,y;iy..... mtHfsJ

rk;gsj;ij ,q;Nf kPsg; ngwKbahJ..... toq;fg;glhj Ntjdk; kw;Wk; cly;

hPjpahd J\;gpuNahfq;fs; vd;gd eyd;Ghp epjpapy; cs;slf;fg;gltpy;iy.

toq;fg;glhj rk;gsj;ij kPsg; ngWtjw;F vkf;F mjpfhukpy;iy> ,Jtiu

nfhLf;fg;glhj rk;gsk; vjidAk; vk;khy; kPsg;

ngwKbatpy;it>“ vd;whH.384 ,yq;if ntspehl;L Ntiytha;g;G gzpafj;jpd;

cj;jpNahfj;jH Fwpg;gpLifapy;> “ntspehl;L J}jufj;jpNyNa eltbf;iffs;

vLf;fg;gly; Ntz;Lk;. gzpg;ngz; ehL jpUk;gpa gpd;dH eltbf;ifia

vLg;gjw;F fhyk; fle;J tpLk;. ntspehl;by; cly; hPjpahd J\;gpuNahfq;fs;>

njhy;iyfs;> xg;ge;j KwpTfSf;fhd epjp ,og;gPLfnsd vjidAk;

ntspehl;by; ngWtJ kpfTk; fbdkhdJ.”385 ntsptptfhu mikr;rpd; xU

cj;jpNahfj;jH ,J Fwpj;J NkYk; njhptpf;ifapy;> “ePz;lfhyk; toq;fg;glhj

nfhLg;gdTfSf;fhf ehk; Ntiynfhs;Nthiu> gzpg;ngz; Ntiynfhs;Sk;



383 vy;.Nf. W`_DNfAldhd (,.nt.Nt.g) kdpj chpikfs; fz;fhzpg;gfj;jpd; NeHfhzy;.


384 nyye;jp FkhhpAldhd (rl;l cjtp kd;wk;) kdpj chpikfs; fz;fhzpg;gfj;jpd; NeHfhzy;.

nfhOk;G ,yq;if> etk;gH 17> 2006.



135

ehl;bypUe;jhy; ePjpkd;wj;Jf;F miog;gJz;L. Mdhy; gzpg;ngz;

kPz;Lk; ,yq;if jpUk;gpa gpd;dH ePjpkd;wpy; tof;iff; nfhz;L elhj;JtJ

Kbahjjhfp tpLfpwJ.”386

J}jufk; kw;Wk; ntspehl;L gpujpepjp mYtyf eyd;Ghp epiyaq;fspy;

cstsj; Jiz NritfSf;fhd Njitiaf; nfhz;Ls;s tPl;Lg;

gzpahsHfSf;F mj;Njitia toq;Ftjpy; FiwghLfs; fhzg;gl;lij kdpj

chpikfs; fz;fhzpg;gfj;jpd; Ma;Tfs; vLj;Jf;fhl;bd. Fitj; ehl;by; jdJ

Ntiynfhs;Nthuhy; cly; kw;wk; cs hPjpahf mjpfsT

J\;gpuNahfq;fSf;fhshfpa xU tPl;Lg; gzpg;ngz; $Wifapy;;: “ehd; J}jufj;jpy; ,uz;L khjq;fs;tiu ,Ue;Njd;..... mq;F vdf;F ve;jtpjkhd

cstsj; Jiw rpfpr;irfSk; jug;gltpy;iy...... vdJ itj;jparhiy gjpTfs;

midj;ijAk; ,oe;Njd;. ,q;F itj;jpahplk; vd;d $Wtnjdj; njhpatpy;iy>

ve;j Mtzq;fSk; ,y;iy>"387

vd;whH. ,yq;if J}jufk; kw;Wk; gpujpepjp

mYtyf eyd;Ghp epiyaq;fspYs;s epiyikfs; kpfTk; fPohditnad

tPl;Lg; gzpahsHfs; Kiwapl;ldH. tPl;Lg; gzpg;ngz; xUtH $Wifapy;>

“mq;f NghJkhd cztpy;iy> NjePH ,y;iy> rPdp ,y;iy> fug;ghd; G+r;rpfs;

mq;Fkpq;Fk; jphpAk;> mJ mOf;Fg; gpbj;jnthU ,lk;......> mq;F xU ,Uk;Gf;

fl;biyj; je;jdH. mjpy; vdf;Fg; gLf;f KbahkypUe;jJ....... czT$l

NghJkhdjhf ,y;iy. mq;F RkhH 200 ngz;fs; ,Ue;jdH...... vq;fSf;Fj;

Njitahd cLg;G jUtjhff; $wpdhHfs;> Mdhy; mjidj; juNtapy;iy>"388

vd;whH. kw;WnkhU tPl;Lg; gzpahsH kdpj chpikfs;

fz;fhzpg;gfj;jpw;Fj; njhptpf;ifapy;> “Fitj;jpYs;s J}jufj;jpy; vq;fSf;Fj;

J}q;Ftjw;Ff; $l ,lkpUf;ftpy;iy...... vq;fSf;F ey;ynjhU ,lk; jug;gl

Ntz;Lk;.”389 vd;whH.

rT+jp mNugpahtpy; kuzjz;lid tpjpf;fg;gl;l 19 tajhd ,yq;ifg;

gzpg;ngz; hprhdh egPf; ,d; tof;F> jLj;J itf;fg;gl;Ls;s tPl;Lg;

gzpahsHfSf;F ntspehl;L gpujpepjp mYtyfj;jpd; $Ljyhd cjtpfspd;

Njitfs; vd;gjd; kPjhd rHtNjr ftdj;ij <Hj;jJ. 2005 ,y; Kjy;

jlitahf ifJ nra;ag;gl;L> [_d; 2007 ,y; rT+jp mNugpahtpd; \hpah

ePjpkd;wk;> mtuJ guhkhpg;gpypUe;j rpWFoe;ijia nfhd;wikf;fhf mtUf;F

kuzjz;lid mspj;J jPHg;G toq;fpa gpd;dH tiu mtUf;F rl;l

386 RNkjh Vf;fehaf;fTldhd (ntspehl;L tptfhu mikr;R) kdpj chpikfs;

fz;fhzpg;gfj;jpd; NeHfhzy;. ,yq;if> nfhOk;G> etk;gH 16> 2006.

387 N[. yf;kpdpAldhd kdpj chpikfs; fz;fhzpg;gfj;jpd; NeHfhzy;. fl;Lehaf;f> ,yq;if>

etk;gH 9> 2006.

388 mNj Mjhu%yk;.

389 vk;. rj;JhpAldhd kdpj chpikfs; fz;fhzpg;gfj;jpd; NeHfhzy ,wk;Gf;fiz> ,yq;if>

etk;gH 6> 2006.

136

cjtpfSf;fhd toptiffs; fpl;ltpy;iy.390

,e;j mwpf;ifia vOJk;

Ntisapy; mtH tof;fwpQhpd; cjtpAld; jPHg;gpw;nfjpuhf xU

Nkd;KiwaPl;il gjpT nra;J mjd; Kbit vjpHghHj;jpUf;fpwhH.391

jLj;J

itf;fg;gl;bUf;Fk; gy tPl;Lg; gzpahsHfSf;F ciu ngaHg;ghsHfsJ Nrit>

rl;l cjtp my;yJ mtHfsJ tof;Ffs; gw;wpa mbg;gilj; jfty;fs;

fpilg;gjw;fhd toptiffspd;wpAs;sdH. Ntiynfhs;Sk; ehLfspd;

murhq;fq;fs; Gyk;ngaHe;NjhUf;F ciu ngaHg;NghH> rl;lj;juzpfs;

MfpNahUf;fhd toptiffis toq;fhjNghJ ,yq;if ntspehl;L gpujpepjp

mYtyfq;fspd; gpujpgypg;G tpkHrdj;Jf;Fhpajhfpd;wJ. ,yq;ifaHfs; jLj;J

itf;fg;gLk; nghOJ rpy rkaq;fspy; ,yq;if ntspehl;L mYtyfq;fSf;F

mwptpf;fg;glhky; ,Ue;jhYk; Vida re;jHg;gq;fspy; mYtyf mjpfhhpfs;

Njitahd cjtpfs; toq;Ftjid jhkjpf;fpd;wdH my;yJ hprhdh egPf;fh

tplaj;jpy; eilngw;wJ Nghd;W cjtpfis toq;fj; jtWfpd;wdH.

Gyk;ngaH gzpahsHfs; rkthak;> “Gyk;ngaH njhopyhsHfs; kw;Wk; mtHfs;

FLk;g mq;fj;jtHfs; jw;nghOJs;s rkthaj;jpy; mq;fPfhpf;fg;gl;l chpikfs;

NkhrkilAk; nghOnjy;yhk; mtHfs; nrhe;j ehl;bd; ntspehl;L gpujpepjp

my;yJ ,uh[je;jpu mjpfhhpfs;

my;yJ me;j ehl;bd; eyd;fisg; gpujpepjpj;Jtg;gLj;Jk; xU ehl;bd; ghJfhg;G

kw;Wk; cjtpfis ehLtjw;fhd chpikiaf; nfhz;Ls;sdH vdj;

njhptpf;fpwJ.”392

gpujpepjp mYtyf Nritfspy; fhprdk; nfhz;l Gyk;ngaH njhopyhsH rktha

Vw;ghLfSld; ,zq;Ftjpyhd ,yq;ifapd; ,ay;jpwd; Ntiynfhs;Sk;

ehLfspd; xj;Jiog;gpy; nghpJk; jq;fpAs;sJ. ,lhpYs;s tPl;Lg; gzpahsHfis

390 fj;jPg; my; \khhpAldhd kdpj chpikfs; fz;fhzpg;gfj;jpy; njhiyNgrpAldhd

NeHfhzy;. wpahj;> rT+jp mNugpah> [_iy15> 2007@ nua;l; M];b> “hprhdhtpd; tof;fpy; FLk;gj;jtHfsplkpUe;J kd;dpg;G ,y;iy”> muGr; nra;jpfs; (n[l;lh> rT+jp mNugpah)> [_iy

29> 2007. http://www.arabnews.com/?page=1&section=0&article=99059&d=29&m=7&y=2007 (accessed September 6, 2007)@ MH.[p jHkjhrh> “rT+jpapYs;s ,sk; ngz;Zf;fhf FLk;gk; fz;zPH

rpe;JfpwJ”> gp.gp.rp rpq;fs Nrit [_iy 4> 2007.

http://www.bbc.co.uk/sinhala/news/story/2007/07/070704_saudifeature.html (accessed September 6, 2007)@ hpk; Gr;rH> “,sk; gzpg;ngz;zpd; jiyia Jz;bf;f rT+jp

jahuhfpwJ>” nlypfpuhg; (yz;ld;> A.Nf) [_iy 17> 2007.

http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/main.jhtml?xml=/news/2007/07/16/wsaudi116.xml (accessed September 6,2007) 391 nkh`kl; u#y;Bd; “hprhdhtpdJ tof;fwpQHfspd; epaha rig jiytHfspd; re;jpg;G”>

nla;yp epA+];> nfhOk;G> nrg;nlk;gH 25> 2007. http://www.dailynews.lk/2007/09/25/news27.asp (accessed October 8, 2007); nkh`kl; u#y;Bd; “,yq;if mikr;rH hprhdh tof;F njhlHghf

mjpfhhpfSld; Ngr;R”> muGr; nra;jpfs; (n[l;lh> rT+jp mNugpah) xf;NlhgH 7> 2007.

http://www.arabnews.com/?page=1&section=0&article=102142&d=7&m=10&y=2007 (accessed October 8, 2007) 392 Gyk;ngaH njhopyhsH rkthak;> cWg;Giu 12(2)

137

kPl;gjw;F> J\;gpuNahfq;fspd; kPJ tprhuizfis Muk;gpj;J elhj;Jtjw;F

kw;Wk; jLj;J itf;fg;gl;Ls;s Gyk;ngaH njhopyhsHfsJ rl;l chpikfs;

ghJfhf;fg;gLtjw;F ,yq;ifapd; ntspehl;L mYtyfq;fSf;Fk; kw;Wk;

Ntiynfhs;Sk; ehLfSf;Fk; ,ilapy; xj;Jiog;G mtrpak;.

Kiwg;ghLfis Nkw;nfhs;tjw;fhd topKiwfs; kw;Wk;

,yq;iff;F kPs;jpUk;gpa gpd;dH ghjpg;gile;jtUf;fhd

NritfspYs;s FiwghLfs;

,yq;if murhq;fk;> Kiwg;ghLfis Nkw;nfhs;tjw;fhd topKiwfs; kw;Wk;

kPs;jpUk;Gk; Gyk;ngaH gzpahsHfspd; chpikfs;

kPwg;gl;bUf;ifapy; ,og;gPLfis ngw;Wf; nfhs;tjw;fhf

ghjpg;gile;jtHfSf;fhd NritfisAk; Vw;gLj;jpaJ. kPs;jpUk;Gk; rpy

gzpahsHfSf;fhd cjtpfis 1994 xf;NlhgH khjj;jpy; Muk;gpj;j njhopyhsH

eyd;Ghp fhg;GWjpj; jpl;lk; %yk; ,wg;G> mq;ftPdk;> ehL jpUk;Gtjw;fhd

nryTfs; kw;Wk; ,yq;if ntspehl;L Ntiytha;g;G gzpafj;Jld; gjpT

nra;Js;s Gyk;ngaH gzpahsHfSf;F Fwpf;fg;gl;l epge;jidfspd; fPo; cly;

eyk; vd;gtw;wpw;fhd fhg;GWjpfis murhq;fk; toq;FfpwJ.393

vt;thwhapDk;

eilKiwapy; ,e;j eltbf;iffs; ahTk; NghJkhd jpUg;jpailaf; $ba

epiyfspypUe;J vl;lNt ,Ue;jd.

rPHjpUj;jj;Jf;F ftdk; nrYj;j Ntz;ba Kjd;ikg; gFjpahf ,yq;if

rHtNjr tpkhd epiyaj;jpd; tUifg; gFjpapy; kPs;jpUk;Gk; Gyk;ngaH

gzpahsHfSf;F cjTtjw;fhf mike;Js;s ,yq;if ntspehl;L

Ntiytha;g;G gzpafj;jpd; fUkgPlj;jpy; toq;fg;gLk; Nritfs; kw;Wk;

jfty;fs; vd;gtw;Wld; kPs;jpUk;Gk; Gyk;ngaH gzpahsHfSf;fhd Nritfis

toq;f tpkhd epiyaj;jpw;fz;ikapy; mikf;fg;gl;Ls;s ,yq;if ntspehl;L

Ntiytha;g;G gzpafj;jpd; cjtp toq;Fk; epiyak; vd;gd cs;sd. ,e;j

eltbf;iffs; J\;gpuNahfq;fSf;Fs;shfp ehL jpUk;Gk; Gyk;ngaH

gzpahsHfSf;F cjtp toq;Ftjpy; xU Kf;fpakhd gbepiyahf ,Uf;fpd;w

NghjpYk;> mit tPl;Lg; gzpahsHfSf;F Kiwg;ghL nra;Ak; nghwpKiw

kw;Wk; mtHfSf;F fpilf;ff; $ba Nritfs; gw;wpa jfty;fis toq;Fjy;

kw;Wk; tPl;Lg; gzpahsHfSf;fhd ,og;gPLfis ngw;Wf; nfhLg;gjw;fhd

Kaw;rpfis Kd;ndLj;jy; Nghd;w eltbf;iffspy; jtwtplg;gl;l

tha;g;Gf;fisNa gpujpepjpj;Jtk; nra;fpd;wd. kdpj chpikfs; fz;fhzpg;gfk;

NeHfhzy; nra;j ve;jnthU gzpg;ngz;Zk; ,yq;if ntspehl;L

Ntiytha;g;G gzpafk; fUkgPlj;jpNyh my;yJ cjtp epiyaj;jpypUe;J

cstsj;Jiz Nrit toq;Fk; epiyaq;fNsh my;yJ epfo;r;rpj; jpl;lq;fs;>

393 ,yq;if kdpj chpikfs; Mizf;FO> Gyk;ngaH ngz; njhopyhsHfs; kPjhd FO

mwpf;if gf;fq;fs;:18>38>78>79 Gyk;ngaHjYf;fhd rHtNjr ];jhgdk;> Mrpahtpy; njhopy;

Gyk;ngaHT> g.182

138

kUj;Jt Nritfs; kw;Wk; njhopy; KftH my;yJ Ntiynfhs;NthUf;nfjpuhf

rl;l eltbf;if Nkw;nfhs;s tpUk;Gk; tPl;Lg; gzpahsHfSf;fhd rl;l

cjtpfs; gw;wpa jfty;fis ngwtpy;iy. ,yq;if ntspehl;L Ntiytha;g;G

gzpaf cj;jpNahfj;jHfs; VNjDk; cjtp Ghpe;jdH vd;W $Wtjhf ,Ue;jhy;>

mtHfSf;F ,Uf;ff; $ba Kiwg;ghL nra;Ak; topKiwfs; gw;wpa rpwpa

jfty; tpsf;fj;ij kl;LNk mspj;jjhf mNefkhd ngz;fs; njhptpj;jdH>

mj;Jld; ,yq;if ntspehl;L Ntiytha;g;G gzpafk; jq;fsJ Fiwfis

Nghjpa rpuj;ijAld; gjpT nra;J nfhs;stpy;iynadTk; gyH Kiwapl;ldH.

cjhuzkhf> rT+jp mNugpahtpy; Ntiynfhs;Nthhpd; kfdhy; ghypay;

ty;YwTf;F cs;shf;fg;gl;L> fHg;gkhf;fg;gl;l xU tPl;Lg; gzpg;ngz; kdpj

chpikfs; fz;fhzpg;gj;Jf;F $Wifapy; ,yq;if ntspehl;L Ntiytha;g;G

gzpafj;jpd; tpkhd epiyaf; fUkgPlj;jpy; Fiwe;jsthd cjtpfNs

fpilj;jjhf $wpdhH.

fl;Lehaf;f tpkhd epiyaj;ij (gz;lhuehaf;f rHtNjr tpkhd

epiyak;) te;jile;j gpd;dH ntspehl;L Ntiytha;g;G

gzpafj;jpd; fUk gPlj;jpypUe;j ngz; cj;jpNahfj;jhplk; $wpNdd;.

(vdf;F vd;d eilngw;wJ vdTk;> ehd; fHg;gkhfpAs;sJ

gw;wpAk;) ....... fl;Lehaf;f tpkhd epiyaj;jpd; ntspehl;L

Ntiytha;g;G gzpaf fUkgPlj;jpypUe;j mtHfs; vdJ tplak;

gw;wp vjidANk vOjpg; gjpTnra;J nfhs;stpy;iy. mtHfs; xU

njhiyNgrp ,yf;fk; xd;iw kl;LNk je;jij jtpu Ntnwe;j

jfty;fisAk; jutpy;iy. njhiyNgrp ,yf;fj;ij je;j mtHfs;

eP ,jid kiwj;J tho tpUk;gpdhy; jug;gl;l ,e;j ,yf;fj;ij

miof;Fk;gbAk; Mdhy; mjw;F ehd; fl;lzk; nrYj;j

tz;Lnkdf; $wpdhHfs;. ehd; me;j njhiyNgrp ,yf;fj;ij

mioj;Njd;> MapDk; mJ vq;NfAs;sJ my;yJ fl;lzk;

vt;tsT vd;gJ Nghd;w tplaq;fs; vdf;Fj; njhpatpy;iy.

ntspehl;L Ntiytha;g;G gzpafk; Ntnwq;F nry;yyhk; vdj;

njhptpf;fhjJld;> vdf;F Ie;J rjk; $lj; jutpy;iy. mtHfs;

vdJ tplaj;ijapl;L mf;fiw fhl;lNtapy;iy ...... mtHfis

kPz;Lk; ehd; njhlHG nfhs;stpy;iy> Vnddpy; mjpy; ve;jg;

gpuNahrdKk; ,y;iy.394

rT+jp mNugpahtpy; gzpGhpifapy; cly; hPjpahd J\;gpuNahfq;fSf;fhshfp>

Ntiy nra;j 10 khjk; KOtjpw;Fkhd Ntjdk; toq;fg;glhJ kWf;fg;gl;l

tPl;Lg; gzpg;ngz; xUtH ,NjNghd;W tpkhd epiya ,yq;if ntspehl;L

Ntiytha;g;G gzpaf fUk gPlj;jpy; Kiwapl;lNghJ mq;fpUe;j

394 V. n[aelhdpAldhd kdpj chpikfs; fz;fhzpg;gfj;jpd; NeHfhzy;. fz;b> ,yq;if>

etk;gH 10> 2006.

139

cj;jpNahfj;jHfs; Kiwg;ghl;il Nkw;nfhz;L njhlHtjw;fhd ve;jnthU

jfty;fisAk; toq;ftpy;iynadj; njhptpj;jhH. mtH $Wifapy;> “tpkhd epiyaj;jpy; Kiwg;ghl;bidr; nra;Njd;. mtHfs; (tpkhd epiya ,yq;if

ntspehl;L Ntiytha;g;G gzpaf fUkgPlj;jpYs;s cj;jpNahfj;jHfs;) vdJ

Kfthp kw;Wk; tpkhdg; gaz ,yf;fj;ij kl;Lk; ngw;Wf; nfhz;ldH. mtHfs;

vdJ rk;gs tpguk; gw;wpa jfty;fisNah> vdJ Ntiynfhs;NthH my;yJ

njhopy; KftuJ tpguq;fs; gw;wp vjidAk; vOjpf; nfhs;stpy;iy. mtHfs;

vdf;F vjidANk njhptpf;fhjJld; Nkyjpf jfty;fSf;fhf vd;dplKk;

vjidAk; Nfl;ftpy;iy> mtHfs; ntWkNd xU g];tz;bapy;

NtNwhH ,lj;jpw;F NghFk;gbAk; mq;F mtHfs; ehd; tPL nry;tjw;fhd

gzj;jpidj; jUthHnsd;W kl;Lk; $wpdhHfs;.”395

eyd;Ghp epiyaj;jpy;> Jauile;J ehl;Lf;F kPs;jpUk;gp tUk; Gyk;ngaH tPl;Lg;

gzpahsHfSf;F ,yq;if ntspehl;L Ntiytha;g;G gzpaf CopaHfs; NjePH>

xUNtis czT kw;Wk; mtHfsJ nrhe;j ,lq;fSf;Fr; nry;tjw;fhd

Nghf;Ftuj;J trjp vd;gtw;iwNa mNefkhf Vw;gLj;jpf; nfhLf;fpd;wdH.

Kiwg;ghLfis Nkw;nfhs;tJ gw;wpa tpsf;fkhd tpguq;fs; my;yJ

J\;gpuNahfq;fSf;F MshdtHfSf;F fpilf;Fk; Nritfs; gw;wpa jfty;fs;

vjidAk; mtHfs; toq;Ftjpy;iy. ntspehl;by; ngz;fsJ mDgtq;fs;

gw;wp rpy jfty;fis kl;Lk; mjpfhhpfs; gjpT nra;fpd;wdH> MapDk; ,e;j

NeHfhzy;fs; kpfr; RUf;fkhfNtAs;sJ. jPtpukhd kUj;Jtr; rpfpr;irfs;

Njitg;gLk; re;jHg;gq;fspy;> ,yq;if ntspehl;L Ntiytha;g;G gzpaf

mjpfhhpfs; itj;jparhiyapy; rpfpr;ir ngWtjw;F mk;Gyd;]; tz;bfis

Vw;ghL nra;J nfhLg;gH. ,yq;if ntspehl;L Ntiytha;g;G gzpafj;jpd;

cjtp epiyaj;jpd; xU mjpfhhp> mtHfs; toq;Fk; kl;Lg;gLj;jg;gl;l Nritfs;

gw;wp tpsf;Fifapy;> “mtHfs; NeubahfNt tPL nry;tjw;F gpuahzj;jpw;fhd

nryit 200-625 &gha;fs; tiu (m.nlhyHfs; 1.78-5.55) toq;FfpNwhk;. ,q;F

tUk; VidatHfSf;F Nghf;Ftuj;J trjpia ,q;Nf toq;FfpNwhk;>

rpw;Wz;bfs;> czT> NjePH kw;Wk; Fspg;gjw;fhd trjpfis toq;FfpNwhk;.

mtHfSf;F Xa;T Njitahf ,Ug;gpd;> ,e;j epiyaj;jpy; 40 NgHtiu xNu

jlitapy; jq;fyhk;. tPl;Lf;F nry;yKbAkhdtHfSf;F tPL nry;tjw;F gzk;

toq;FfpNwhk;. mtHfis nfhOk;G kj;jpa g];jhpg;G epiyak; my;yJ

ePHnfhOk;G g];jhpg;gplj;jpw;F mDg;gp itf;fpNwhk;. Nghf;Ftuj;ij

toq;Ftjw;F vk;kplk; g];tz;bnahd;Wk;> thd; xd;Wk; cs;sJ.

mtHfis ,q;Nf te;J $l;br; nry;YkhW mtHfsJ ngw;NwhHfSf;F

mwptpf;fpNwhk;”> vd;W $wpdhH.396

jdpnahU khjk; nrg;nlk;gH 2006 ,y;

kl;Lk; ,e;j cjtp epiyak; ntspehLfspypUe;J jpUk;gpa 454 ngz;fSf;F

395 v];. Nrg;ghypf;fhTldhd kdpj chpikfs; fz;fhzpg;gfj;jpd; NeHfhzy;.


396 ,yq;if ntspehl;L Ntiytha;g;G mjpfhhpAldhd kdpj chpiffs; fz;fhzpg;gfj;jpd;

NeHfhzy;. fl;Lehaf;f> ,yq;if> etk;gH 1> 2006.

140

(nkhj;jk; 759 NgH) eyd;Ghp Nritfis toq;fpaJld; 323 ngz;fSf;F

(nkhj;jk; 628 NgH) g]; gpuahzj;jpw;fhd fl;lzq;fis toq;fpAs;sJ.397

,yq;if ntspehl;L Ntiytha;g;G gzpaf cjtp epiyaj;ij tpl;L jdJ

tPL nry;tjw;F rw;W Kd;gjhf rT+jp mNugpahtpy; cly; hPjpahd

J\;gpuNahfk; kw;Wk; ghypay; njhy;iyfSf;fhshd xU 18 taJ gzpg;ngz;

kdpj chpikfs; fz;fhzpg;gfj;jpw;F $Wifapy;> “ehd; ,g;NghJjhd; ,e;j eyd;Ghp epiyaj;jpw;F te;Njd;> vdf;F kjpaNghrdj;ij jtpu NtnwJTk;

fpilf;ftpy;iy. ,Jtiu mtHfs; vdf;F vjidAk; $wtpy;iy. ,q;Fs;s

cj;jpNahfj;jHfs; vtUk; vdf;F gzk; jUtijg; gw;wp my;yJ gzk; ngw;Wf;

nfhs;syhk; vd;gJ gw;wp thf;FWjp mspf;ftpy;iy. ehd; Kiwg;ghnlhd;iw

nra;a tpUk;gpNdd;>“398 vd;whH. rT+jp mNugpahtpy; gzpGhpAk; ,lj;jpy; ghypay;

njhe;juT> Ntjdk; toq;fg;glhik kw;Wk; fl;lhaNtiy

epiyikfSf;Fl;gl;L> Ntiynfhs;NthhplkpUe;J jg;gpNahba gpd;dH ghypay;

ty;YwTf;Fs;shf;fg;gl;l kw;WnkhU gzpg;ngz; $Wifapy;> ,yq;if

ntspehl;L Ntiytha;g;G gzpafj;jpYs;s CopaHfs; mtuJ

Ntiynfhs;NthUf;nfjpuhf tof;nfhd;iw njhlHtJ gw;wp jfty;fs;

vjidAk; je;Jjttpy;iy vdf; $wpdhH. mtH $Wifapy;> tpkhdk;

jiuapwq;fpaJ..... cjtp epiyaj;jpYs;s mjpfhhpfs; rT+jp mNugpahtpy;

vdf;fpUe;j gpur;rpidfs; gw;wp Nfl;lhHfs;> ehDk; mtw;iwf; $wpNdd;. ehd;

$wpatw;iw mtHfs; vOjpf; nfhz;lhHfs;> MapDk; vdf;F gpur;rpidfs;

Vw;gl;bUe;jhy;> ehd; J}jufj;Jf;Fg; NghapUf;f Ntz;Lnkd;W $wpdhHfs;......

mtHfsJ mYtyf Neuk; 5 kzpf;F Kbtiltjhy; mtHfSld; fijg;gjw;F

vdf;F 10 epkpl mtfhrNk ,Ue;jJ. mj;Jld; mtHfs; kw;wtHfSlDk;

fijf;f Ntz;bapUe;jJ. vdJ fij KOtijANk $w tpUk;gpNdd;> MapDk;

Neuk; kl;Lg;gLj;jg;gl;bUe;jjhy; me;j rk;gtk; Fwpj;J (ghypay; ty;YwT)

njhptpf;ftpy;iy. md;wpuT mq;F jq;fp kWehs; fhiyapy; ,tw;iwg; gw;wp

fijf;fyhk; vd;Wk; njhptpf;ftpy;iy....... vdJ Vida gpur;rpidfs; gw;wp

vt;tpjk; Kiwg;ghL nra;tJ vd;Wk; njhptpf;ftpy;iy..... ehd;

Kiwg;ghnlhd;iw nra;tjw;F tpUk;gpNdd;> Vndd;why; vdf;F ele;jtw;iw

ntspg;gLj;Jtjw;F ehd; ntl;fg;gltpy;iy. ehd; ghjpf;fg;gl;bUf;fpNwd;>

MdhYk; kw;iwa ,yq;ifg; ngz;fs; ghjpf;fg;glf;$lhJ vd epidf;fpNwd;”> vd;whH.

399

mNefkhd rk;gtq;fspy;> kdpj chpikfs; fz;fhzpg;gfk; NeHfhzy; nra;j

ngz; gzpahsHfs; Kiwg;ghLfs; vjidAk; Nkw;nfhs;stpy;iy>

397 mNj Mjhu%yk;.


etk;gH 1> 2006.

399 MH. nrk;kzpAldhd kdpj chpikfs; fz;fhzpg;gfj;jpd; NeHfhzy;> `guhJt> ,yq;if>

etk;gH 14> 2006.

141

Vnddpy; ,yq;if ntspehl;L Ntiytha;g;G gzpafk; Kiwg;ghLfis

vt;tpjk; Nkw;nfhs;tJ vd;gJ gw;wpa jfty;fs; vjidAk;

njhptpf;ftpy;iy. ,yq;if ntspehl;L Ntiytha;g;G

gzpafj;jpd; ,zf;fNkw;gLj;Jk; gphpTld; ,ize;J Kiwg;ghLfis

Kd;ndLj;jhYk;> mtHfs; ,og;gPLfs; vjidAk; ngw;Wf; nfhs;tjpy;>

xj;Jiog;Gj; juhj ,yq;if ntspehl;L Ntiytha;g;G gzpaf mjpfhhpfs;

kw;Wk; ,yq;if ntspehl;L Ntiytha;g;G gzpaf mYtyfj;jpw;F te;J

nry;tjpyhd fhytpuak; kw;Wk; gzr;nryTfs; cl;gl gy jilfis

vjpHnfhs;s Ntz;bapUe;jJ. Fkhhp ,e;Jepy; tplaj;jpy;> mtUf;F

toq;fg;glhjpUe;j vl;L khj Ntjdj;jpy; vjidANk ,yq;if ntspehl;L

Ntiytha;g;G gzpafk; kPsg;ngw;Wf; nfhLf;ftpy;iy. mtH

Fitj;jpYs;s ,yq;ifapd; ntspehl;L mYtyfk; kw;Wk; ,yq;ifapYs;s

ntspehl;L Ntiytha;g;G gzpafj;jpYk; Kiwg;ghLfs; nra;jhH. mtH

$Wifapy;> “ xUjlit vdf;F ntspehl;L Ntiytha;g;G

gzpafj;jpypUe;J miog;G te;jJ> mjd;NghJ mtHfs; vdJ

fhg;GWjp ,yf;fj;ijf; Nfl;ldH. mtHfs; vdJ mDgtq;fisj; njhptpf;f

vd;idnahU re;jpg;gpw;F tUkhW mioj;jdH....... mtHfs; vd;dplk; Mtzk;

vjidAk; nfhz;L tUkhW NfhuhjJld; ve;jnthU epjpAjtp mspg;gjhfTk;

njhptpf;ftpy;iy....... re;jpg;gpy; mtHfs; fijg;gjw;F vdf;Fr; re;jHg;gk;

jutpy;iy> Vnddpy; re;jpg;gpd;NghJ gyH ,Ue;jJld;> fijf;ff;

$batHfisNa mikr;rH njhpT nra;J fijj;jhH ....... ehd; fijg;gjw;fhd

re;jHg;gj;ij NfhhpNdd;>“vd;whH.400

kw;WnkhU rk;gtj;jpy; vk;. espdpf;fh> Kiwg;ghl;L eilKiwfs; kpfTk;

Rikahf ,Ue;jJld;> mjpf gazr; nryTfs; epiwe;jjhfTk; ,Ug;gij

czHe;jhH:

ehd; ,yq;if ntspehl;L Ntiytha;g;G gzpafj;jpw;F

re;jpg;gpw;fhf nfhOk;Gf;F MW jlitfs; nrd;Nwd;. mtHfs;

kjpak; 12.00 kzpastpy; mq;F ,Uf;Fk;gb Nfl;lhHfs;.

vdf;F ,JnthU njhiyJ}ug; gazk; vd;gjhYk;> mLj;j ehs;

kjpak; mq;F ,Uf;f Ntz;ba fhuzj;jhy; ehd; mjw;F

Kd;ida ,uNt Gwg;gl Ntz;Lk;. tPl;bypUe;J ehd; fy;fKt

vd;w ,lj;jpw;F khiy 6 kzpf;F Gwg;gl Ntz;Lk;> mq;F

ehd; ,uT 7.30 my;yJ 8 kzpastpy; te;J NrHe;Njd;>

mq;F ,utpd; xU gFjpia fopj;jhf Ntz;Lk;. gpd; mq;fpUe;J

nfhOk;G uapy; epiyaj;ij te;jile;Njd;. nfhOk;Gf;F vd;dhy;

jdpNa tuKbahnjd;gjhy; nfhOk;Gf;F xU jlit tUtjw;F

400 Fkhhp ,e;Jepy; cldhd (Ntz;LNfhspd;gb cz;ikg; ngaH gad;gLj;jg;gl;Ls;sJ. kdpj

chpikfs; fz;fhzpg;gfj;jpd; NeHfhzy;. ,wk;Gf;fid> ,yq;if> etk;gH 6> 2006.

142

ehd; Fiwe;jJ 1000 &gha;fs;tiu (9 m.nlhyHfs;) nryT

nra;a Ntz;Lk;. ,yq;if ntspehl;L Ntiytha;g;G

gzpafj;jpYs;s mjpfhhpaplk; ehd; vdJ nryTfs; gw;wp

$wpNdd;. mtHfs; vdf;F xU rjk; $l jutpy;iy. rpyrkak;

re;jpg;gpw;F KftH tukhl;lhH> ,yq;if ntspehl;L Ntiytha;g;G

gzpaf mjpfhhpfs; vd;id tPl;Lf;F jpUk;gpr; nry;y

$Wk;tiuf;Fk; ehd; mq;F fhj;jpUg;Ngd;. %d;W jlitfs;

kl;LNk re;jpg;gpw;F KftH rKfk; je;jpUe;jhH> Vida midj;Jr;

re;jHg;gq;fspYk; ehd; ntWq;ifAld; tPL jpUk;g

Ntz;bapUe;jJ. KftH rKfkspj;j Ntisfspy; mtH Neuk;

jhkjpj;Nj tUthH. mtHfs; mYtyfj;Jf;F tUk;nghOJ gp.g

2.30 my;yJ 3 kzpf;Nf tUthH> mt;tsT jhkjpj;J mtHfs;

tUtjhy; ehd; md;wpuTk; nfhOk;gpy; vdJ nrhe;jr; nrytpy;

jq;fpapUf;f Ntz;bNaw;gLk;.401

vk;. espdpf;fh NkYk; tpghpf;ifapy;> “gzpafj;jpYs;s mjpfhhpfs;

KOkdNjhL vdf;F cjttpy;iynad;Nw ehd; epidf;fpNwd;. ehd;

njhiytpypUe;J nfhOk;gpw;F re;jpg;Gf;fSf;fhf tUfpd;Nwd;> MapDk;

mtHfs; re;jpg;gjw;F tuNtz;Lnkd;w epHg;ge;jk; vjidAk; KftUf;F

nfhLf;ftpy;iy. KftH vd;d $WfpwhNuh mtw;Wf;nfy;yhk; mq;Fs;s

mjpfhhp jdpNa “Mkhk;” Nghl;Lf; nfhz;bUe;jhH. mtH re;jpg;gpw;F

tuNtz;Lk; my;yJ mtuJ Kjyhsp tuNtz;Lk; vd;fpd;w mOj;jk; vjidAk;

gpuNahfpf;ftpy;iy. Kjyhsp kPJ mOj;jq;fisg; gpuNahfpg;gjw;fhd

mjpfhuk; ,yq;if ntspehl;L Ntiytha;g;G gzpaf

mjpfhhpfSf;F ,Ue;jJ>“ vd;whH.402

,yq;if ntspehl;L Ntiytha;g;G gzpafj;jpd; ,zf;fNkw;gLj;Jk; gphpT

2005 ,y; ehL jpUk;gpa Gyk;ngaH gzpahsHfsplkpUe;J 6994 Kiwg;ghLfis

ngw;Wf; nfhz;lJ. el;l<lhf cj;jpNahfG+Ht hPjpahf Kiwg;ghL nra;jpUe;j

Mz; kw;Wk; ngz; Gyk;ngaH gzpahsHfs; mlq;fpa 8823 Ngh;fSf;F 5>027>285

&gha;fs; (44>647 m.nlhyHfs;) nrYj;jg;gl;lJ. ,jidf; fzf;fpLifapy;

Kiwapl;ltHfSf;F ruhrhp 5 mnkhpf;f nlhyHfs; vd;w tPjj;jpy;

fhzg;gLfpwJ.403

xt;nthU tUlKk; 100 tPl;Lg; gzpahsHfSf;F rl;l cjtp

toq;Fk; rl;l cjtp kd;wj;jpd; gzpg;ghsH njhptpf;ifapy;> “rl;l cjtp kd;wk;

401 vk;. espdpf;fhTldhd kdpj chpikfs; fz;fhzpg;gfj;jpd; NeHfhzy;. fphpghth> ,yq;if>

etk;gH 7> 2006.

402 mNj Mjhu%yk;.

403 ,yq;if ntspehl;L Ntiytha;g;G gzpafk;> ntspehl;L Ntiytha;g;G tUlhe;j

Gs;sptpgu mwpf;if 2005> g. 63> 64.

143

jhf;fy; nra;Ak; Kiwg;ghLfs; Nky; eltbf;if vLg;gjw;F ,yq;if

ntspehl;L Ntiytha;g;G gzpafk; mNefk; jtWfpd;wJ vd;W Fwpg;gpl;lhH.

“Kiwg;ghLfs; vq;fSf;F fpilf;fpd;wNghJ ehk; ntsptptfhu mikr;Rf;F

vOj;J %yk; mwptpg;Nghk;.......... MapDk; mtHfsJ kNdhghtk;

vz;zpf;ifapYk; ehl;Lf;fhd tUkhdj;ijANk mbg;gilahff;

nfhz;bUe;jNjad;wp kdpj chpikfs; gw;wpay;y........... vq;fSf;Ff; fpilf;Fk;

toikahd gjpy;: �tplak; kPJ ehk; ftdk; nfhz;Ls;Nshk;> ntspehl;L

mYtyfj;Jf;F ,J njhlHghf fbjk; vOjpapUf;fpNwhk;� vd;gJ

kl;LNk. ,t;tpjkhd gjpy;fspdhy; vkf;F gandJTk; fpilf;fg;

Nghtjpy;iy.”404 vd;W $wpa mtH NkYk; njhptpf;ifapy;> “,jdhy; gandJTk; ,y;iy@ ehq;fs; Gyk;ngaH njhopyhsiu jpUg;jp nra;tjw;F

MWjy; MNyhridfis mspg;Nghk;............. 50 tPjkhd rk;gtq;fs;

gzpafj;jpw;fhd fbjj;Jld; mtw;wpd; Kbit mile;J tpLk;>“405 vd;whh;.

,yq;if ntspehl;L Ntiytha;g;G gzpafk; tpkhd epiyaj;jpw;F

mUfpypUf;Fk; mjd; eyd;Ghp epiyaj;jpy; cstsj;Jiz Nritfis

toq;Ftjpy;iy. tpkhd epiyaj;jpd; mUfpYs;s ,yq;if ntspehl;L

Ntiytha;g;G gzpafj;jpd; Nritfs; Gyk;ngaH njhopyhsHfspd;

cwtpdHfis njhlHG nfhz;L mtHfis tPl;Lf;F mDg;GtJld;

kl;Lg;gLj;jg;gl;Ls;sJ. ,yq;if ntspehl;L Ntiytha;g;G gzpaf eyd;Ghp

epiya CopaHfs;> kdNtjidfSf;F cl;gl;bUg;gjw;fhd cWjpahd

rkpf;iQfis fhz;gpf;Fk; gy tPl;Lg; gzpg;ngz;fSf;F mtw;Wf;fhd

cstsj;Jiz Nrit my;yJ Nrit toq;Fk; NtW mikg;Gf;fspd;

njhlHGfs; gw;wpa jfty;fis toq;fhJ NkNyhl;lkhd> toikahd

NeHfhzypd; gpd;dH mtHfsJ FLk;gj;jhhplk; mDg;gp tplaj;ij Kbg;gij

kdpj chpikfs; fz;fhzpg;gfk; mtjhdpj;jJ. eyd;Ghp epiyaj;jpYs;s xU

cj;jpNahfj;jH njhptpf;ifapy;> “cstsj;Jiz my;yJ mg;gbahd

Nritfis toq;Fk;NghJ NtW mikg;Gf;fs; gw;wpa MNyhridfs;

Njitg;gLk;> ngz;fs; kpf mjpfk; J\;gpuNahfj;jpw;Fs;shfpa rk;gtq;fs; gw;wp

khjj;jpy; 10f;Fk; Fiwthd rpy rkak; %d;W my;yJ ehd;F rk;gtq;fNs

mwptpf;fg;gLtjhf njhptpj;jhH.406

kw;nwhU re;jHg;gj;jpy; ,yq;if ntspehl;L

Ntiytha;g;G gzpaf CopaHfs; RftPdKw;w kw;Wk; J\;gpuNahfj;jpw;Fs;shd

tPl;Lg; gzpg;ngz; ngz;nzhUtUf;F kUj;Jt Nritfs; gw;wpa jfty;fs;

vjidAk; toq;ftpy;iy. mtH $Wifapy;> ehd; tpkhd epiyaj;jpw;F ,d;W

mjpfhiy 3 kzpastpy; te;Njd;. tpkhd epiyaj;ij mile;jJk; vd;dhy;

404 v];.v];. tpN[uj;dTldhd (rl;l cjtp kd;wk;) kdpj chpikfs; fz;fhzpg;gfj;jpd;

NeHfhzy;. nfhOk;G> ,yq;if> etk;gH 17> 2006.

405 mNj Mjhu%yk;

406 ,yq;if ntspehl;Lg; Ntiytha;g;G gzpaf mjpfhhpAldhd NeHfhzy;.


144

jdpNa elkhl Kbatpy;iy. vd;dplk; gazj;jpw;fhd gpuahzg;

ignahd;Wk; ,Ue;jJld; ehd; NjfhNuhf;fpaj;Jld; cs;sjhf czutpy;iy>

vdNt rpyH xU thfdj;ij Vw;ghL nra;J vd;id ,q;Nf cjtp

epiyaj;jpw;F $l;b te;jdH ........... ehd; mr;rkile;jpUe;jJld; itj;jpaH

xUtiuf; fhz tpUk;gpNdd;. fhiyapy; vdf;F ,uj;jKk; ntspapy;

te;jJ ........................MapDk; ,q;fpUe;jtHfs; itj;jpaH gw;wp vjidAk;

vdf;Fj; njhptpf;ftpy;iy>“ vd;whH.407

rT+jp mNugpah> Fitj;> nygdhd; kw;Wk; If;fpa muGfs;

,uhr;rpak; Nghd;w Ntiynfhs;Sk; ehLfspd; gjpypWg;G

njhopy; rl;lq;fspypUe;J jtpHj;jik

tPl;Lg; gzpahsHfSf;F NtiyNeuf; fl;Lg;ghLfs; ,y;iy@

mt;tpjkhd epge;jidfs; vJTk; tPl;Lg; gzpg;ngz;fSf;Nfh

my;yJ tPl;LNtiy nra;Ak; Mz;fSf;Nfh ,y;iy.

VidatHfSf;F vl;L kzpj;jpahy Ntiyf; fl;Lg;ghL> Nkyjpf

NeuNtiy kw;Wk; nts;spf;fpoikfspy; tpLKiw vd;gd

cz;L.408

—,yq;ifapd; mDkjp ngw;w ntspehl;L Ntiytha;g;G rq;fj;

jiyth; (ALFEA)

rT+jp mNugpah>409

Fitj;>410

nygdhd;>411

kw;Wk; If;fpa muGfs; ,uhr;rpak;412

vd;gtw;wpd; njhopy; rl;lq;fs; tPl;Lg; gzpahsHfis Ntjdf;

nfhLg;gdTfSf;fhd Vw;ghLfs;> Ntiy Neuq;fs;> nfhLg;gdTld; $ba

tpLKiwfs; kw;Wk; njhopyhsH el;l<L cl;gl rl;lg; ghJfhg;GfspypUe;J

GwnkhJf;fpAs;sJ. tPl;Lg; gzpahsHfsJ mbg;gil njhopy; ghJfhg;Gf;fis

kWjypg;gJ Kiwaw;w njhopy; eilKiwfSf;fhd murpd; xg;Gjy; %yk;

njhopyhsHfs; jtwhf ifahsg;gLtjid Cf;Ftpf;fpwJ.

If;fpa muGfs; ,uhr;rpaj;jpd; njhopy; rl;lk;> tPl;Lg; gzpahsHfs; 1980 Mk;

Mz;L njhopy; rl;l ,y. 8 ,d; fPo; ghJfhg;Gf;fs; ngWtij

407 Nf. Gz;zpahTldhd kdpj chpikfs; fz;fhzpg;gfj;jpd; NeHfhzy;.


408 my;̀ h[; A.hp.vk; md;tPUldhd (ALFEA) kdpj chpikfs; fz;fhzpg;gfj;jpd;

NeHfhzy;. ,yq;if> xf;NlhgH 31> 2006.

409 njhopy; rl;lk;> mur jPHit ,y.M/51, 23 \hghd; 1426 (nrg;nlk;gH 27> 2005) cWg;Giu

7(2)

410 rl;l ,y. 38> 1964 – jdpahH JiwapYs;s CopaH njhlHghdJ. cWg;Giu 2(e)

411 njhopy; Nfhit rl;l ,y. 23> 1946> jpUj;jk; 24 [_iy 1996> cWg;Giu 7(1)

412 rk\;bauRr; rl;l ,y. 8> 1980 njhopy; njhlHGfs; kPjhd xOq;F tpjpfs;> cWg;Giu 3(c)

145

ntspg;gilahfNt GwnkhJf;FfpwJ.413

1980 Mk; Mz;L njhopy; rl;lj;Jf;F

jpUj;jq;fis If;fpa muGfs; ,uhr;rpak; jw;nghOJ ftdj;jpy;

nfhz;bUf;ifapy;> jpUj;j rl;ltiuG jdpahH tPLfspy;

Ntiyf;fkHj;jg;gl;bUf;Fk; midj;J tPl;Lg; gzpahsHfisAk; njhopy;

ghJfhg;gpypUe;J ntspg;gilahfNt xJf;FtJld; ngg;nuthp 2007 ,y;

nghJkf;fspd; kPsha;T kw;Wk; fUj;Jf;fSf;Fkhf tplg;gl;lJ. If;fpa

muGfs; ,uhr;rpak;> tPl;Lg; gzpahsHfSf;nfd xU epHzapf;fg;gl;l juj;jpyhd

xg;ge;jj;ij mwpKfg;gLj;jpaJ. ,J Vg;gpuy; 1> 2007 ,ypUe;J mKYf;F

te;jJld; tPl;Lg; gzpahsHfSf;F rpy ghJfhg;Gf;fis toq;FfpwJ.

MapDk; mJ Ntiy Neuq;fSf;fhd kl;Lg;gLj;jy;fs;> Xa;T my;yJ Nkyjpf

NeuNtiy gw;wpa Vw;ghLfspd;wp> njhopyhsH el;l<bd;wpAk; fhzg;gLtJld;

jdpNa njspthf Fwpg;gplhj “NghJkhd ,ilNtis” kw;Wk; xt;nthU ,uz;L

tUlj;jpw;nfhU Kiw xU khj nfhLg;gdTldhd tpLKiw vd;gtw;iw kl;Lk;

toq;FfpwJ.414

epHzapf;fg;gl;l xg;ge;jk;> njhopy; rl;lj;jpd; fPo; toq;fg;gLk;>

Ntiy ehl;fspy; vl;L kzpNeu Ntiyf;fl;Lg;ghL> thuhe;jk; xU Xa;T

ehSf;fhd cj;juthjk;> ehshe;jk; xU kzpj;jpahy ,isg;ghWjy; Neuk;>

Nkyjpf Neu Ntiyf; nfhLg;gdT> tUlhe;jk; Ntjdf; nfhLg;gdTldhd

xUkhj tpLKiw kw;Wk; njhopypd;NghJ Vw;gLk; fhaq;fSf;F el;l<L

vd;git cs;slq;fyhd $Ljy; ghJfhg;G vd;gtw;Wf;F rkdhd ghJfhg;ig

toq;ff;$ba xU khw;Wj; jpl;lkhf fhzg;gltpy;iy. 415

xU jpUj;jpa njhopy; rl;lf; Nfhitia cUthf;Ftjw;F xU jrhg;jfhy

ePz;l nra;Kiwf;F gpd;dUk;> Fitj; murhq;fk; mjd; njhopy; rl;ltiugpy;

tPl;Lg; gzpahsHfis cs;slf;fj; jtwpaJ> ,t;tiuG tPl;Lg; gzpahsHfis

njhopy; ghJfhg;gpypUe;J Kw;whf tpyj;jpAs;sJ.416

xf;NlhgH 1> 2006 md;W

Fitj; murhq;fj;jpd; cs;tptfhu mikr;R> Fiwe;jgl;r Ntjdj;ij

Fwpg;gpLtJk;> gzpahsHfs; kPJ fl;lzq;fis Rkj;JtijAk; jilnra;Ak; xU

epHzapf;fg;gl;l juj;jpyhd tPl;Lg; gzpahsH xg;ge;jj;ij mKYf;Ff; nfhz;L

te;jJ. ,e;j xg;ge;jk; gzpahsH> Fitj;jpa Ml;NrHg;G KftH kw;Wk; Ntiy

toq;FNthuhy; ifr;rhj;jplg;gly; Ntz;Lk;. epHzapf;fg;gl;l xg;ge;j

mKy;gLj;jy; xU Kf;fpakhd eltbf;ifahf ,Ue;j NghjpYk;> mJ njhopy;

rl;lj;jpd; fPo; Vida njhopyhsHfSf;F toq;fg;gLfpd;w ghJfhg;Gf;fis tpl

tPl;Lg; gzpahsHfSf;F toq;fg;gLfpd;w ghJfhg;G gy tiffspYk;

413 mNj Mjhu %yk;.

414 tPl;Lg; gzpahsHfs; kw;Wk; njhopy; toq;FdHfSf;fhd Ntiytha;g;G xg;ge;jk; (I.m.,)

mKy;gLj;jg;gl;lJ 1> Vg;gpuy; 2007> cWg;Giu 2-3.

415 njhopy; njhlHG xOq;F tpjpffs; kPjhd ngluy; rl;lk;> cWg;Giufs;63-67>70> 74-75> 144-146.

416 RahjPdkhd njhopw; rq;fq;fspd; rHtNjr $l;likg;G> njhopw; rq;f chpik kPwy;fspd;

tUlhe;j kjpg;gha;T 2006 (gpwry;];: ICFTU, 2006) , http://www.icftu.org/www/pdf/survey06-EN.pdf (accessed September 6, 2007), pp. 364-365.

146

Fiwthdjhff; fhzg;gl;lJ. If;fpa muGfs; ,uhr;rpaj;jpy; cs;sJ Nghd;Nw

Fitj;jpa murhq;fj;jpd; tPl;Lg; gzpahsHfSf;fhd epak ju xg;ge;jk;>

njhopy; rl;lj;jpy; toq;fg;gLk; ghJfhg;GfSf;F tPl;Lg; gzpahsHfisAk;

cs;slf;FtJ Nghd;wNjhH Kiwf;fhd jFe;j khw;wPl;Lj; jpl;lkhf

fhzg;gltpy;iy.

tPl;Lg; gzpahsHfSf;fhd jdpahd kw;Wk; gytPdkhd ghJfhg;Gfs; ngz;

gzpahsHfs; kPJ Vw;Wf;nfhs;s ,ayhjsT ghugl;rkhd jhf;fq;fisf;

nfhz;Ls;sJ. epHzapf;fg;gl;l rl;l ghJfhg;GfspypUe;J tPl;Lg;

gzpahsHfis jtpHj;jikahdJ rHtNjr rl;lq;fspy; Ngh\pf;fg;gLk;

ghugl;rkw;w Nfhl;ghLfspd; fPo; jilnra;ag;gl;l ghy; mbg;gilapyhd

epahakw;w NtWgl;l ghugl;rj;ij Vw;gLj;Jtjhf mikfpwJ.

ngz;fSf;F vjpuhd midj;J tpjkhd ghugl;rq;fisAk; ,y;yhnjhopf;Fk;

(CEDAW) rkthak;> Fbapay; kw;Wk; murpay; chpikfs; kPjhd rHtNjr

rkthak; (ICCPR),417 kw;Wk; Gyk;ngaH gzpahsHfspd; rkthak; vd;gd

ghy;> nkhop> Njrpak; my;yJ r%f Njhw;wk; my;yJ NtW me;j];J fhuzk;

vd;gtw;wpd; mbg;gilapy; ghugl;rj;ij jil nra;fpd;wd. tPl;Lg;

gzpahsHfSf;fhd Fiwe;j ghJfhg;G mjd; ntspj;Njhw;wj;jpy;

eLepiyahdjhf Njhd;wpdhYk; tPl;Lg; gzpahsHfSs; ngUk;ghd;ikahd

gFjpahfTs;s ngz;fs; kPJ ,J NtWgl;l jhf;fq;fisf; nfhz;Ls;sJ.

rT+jp mNugpah> Fitj;> nygdhd; kw;Wk; If;fpa muGfs; ,uhr;rpaj;jpy;

njhopy; rl;lq;fspypUe;J tPl;Lg; gzpahsHfis jtpHj;jikahdJ mtHfs;

ehl;bd; gpuirfsw;wtH kw;Wk; mNjNghd;W ghy; mbg;gil vd;w hPjpapy; ,U

tifahd ghugl;rj;ij Vw;gLj;JfpwJ. ngz; tPl;Lg; gzpahsHfs;

417 Fbapay; kw;Wk; murpay; chpikfSf;fhd rHtNjr rkthak;> “muRfs; ve;jg;

ghFghl;ilAk; jil nra;tJld; midj;J egHfsk; ,dk;> epwk;> ghy;epiy> nkhop> khjk;>

murpay; my;yJ NtW mgpg;gpuhaq;fs;> Njrpa my;yJ r%f Njhw;wk;> Mjdk;> gpwg;G my;yJ

gpw me;j];J Nghd;w ve;jnthU mbg;gilapYkhd ghugl;rq;fSf;F vjpuhf midj;J

egHfSf;Fk; rkdhdJk;> gaDWjp kpf;fJkhd ghJfhg;ig cj;juthjg;gLj;j Ntz;Lnkd” $WfpwJ. Fbapay; kw;Wk; murpay; chpikfSf;fhd rHtNJr rkthaj;ij (ICCPR) mHj;jg;gLj;Jk; nghWg;igf; nfhz;l I.eh. kdpj chpikfs; rig> rkthaj;jpd; ghy;epiy

njhlHghd ghugl;rj;ij ngz;fSf;nfjpuhd midj;J tpjkhd td;Kiwfis

,y;yhnjhopf;Fk; rHtNjr rkthaj;jpy; (CEDAW) gad;gLj;jg;gl;l thHj;ijfisf; nfhz;Nl

mHj;jg;gLj;jpaJ. ghugl;rkpd;ik njhlHghd mjd; nghJf;Fwpg;gpy; I.eh kdpj chpikfs; rig

ICCPR ,d; ghugl;rkpd;ik njhlHghd Vw;ghl;il mHj;jg;gLj;Jtjw;F CEDAW ,y; ghugl;rk; Fwpj;J $wg;gl;bUe;j tiutpyf;fzj;ij gad;gLj;jpaJ> MfNt ghugl;rk; vd;w nrhy; “ve;j NtWghLfs;> tpyf;Fjy;> fl;Lg;gLj;jy; my;yJ tpUg;G ...... kw;Wk; midj;J egHfshYk;

midj;J chpikfs; kw;Wk; Rje;jpuq;fspd; XH rkdhd jd;ikapy; midj;J egHfshYk;

mq;fPfhpf;fg;gly;> mDgtpj;jy; my;yJ mg;gpahrpj;jy; vd;gtw;iw ,y;yhjhf;Fk; my;yJ

gytPdg;gLj;Jk; Nehf;fk; my;yJ jhf;fk; nfhz;l ve;j mbg;gilapYk; mHj;jg;gLk;gb Ghpe;J

nfhs;sg;gLk;.” If;fpa ehLfs; kdpj chpikr; rig nghJf;Fwpg;G 18> ghugl;rkpd;ik (31tJ

mkHT> 1989)> kdpj chpikfs; xg;ge;j mikg;Gf;fspdhy; Vw;Wf;nfhs;sg;gl;l

nghJf;Fwpg;Gf;fs; kw;Wk; nghJg; ghpe;Jiufs;. I.eh Mtzk; HRI/GEN/Rev,6 (2003), g. 146> ge;jp 6-7.

147

Ntiytha;g;Gfspd;NghJ ,U tifapyhd ghugl;rj;jhy; ghjpf;fg;gLtjhf

rHtNjr njhopy; ];jghdk; Fwpg;gpLfpwJ. Vnddpy;> KjyhtJ mtHfs;

ntspNjrj;jtH ,jdhy; Mz; gzpahsHfSk; vjpH nfhs;Sk; mNj

ghugl;rj;ij vjpHnfhs;fpd;wdH@ ,uz;lhtjhf mtHfs; ngz;fshf

cs;sgbahy; mtHfsJ nrhe;j ehl;bd; my;yJ gzpnra;Ak; ehl;bd;

ghJfhf;fg;gLk; kuGhPjpapyhd csg;ghq;Ffspdhy; mjpfk;

ghjpf;fg;gLgtHfshf cs;sdH.418

nghJthf gpuirfsy;yhjtHfs;> mtHfs;

me;epaH vd;w me;j];jpd; mbg;gilapy; ghugl;rq;fspypUe;J

tpLtpf;fg;gLtjw;fhd chpj;JilatHfs;. rpy tpjptpyf;Ffisj; jtpu ,J

njhopy; ghJfhg;Gf;F gpuNahfpf;fg;gLtjpy;iy. Fbapay; kw;Wk; murpay;

chpikfSf;fhd rHtNjr rkthaj;jpd; ghugl;rkpy;yhikf;fhd cj;juthjk;

Njrpaj;jpd; mbg;gilapyhd ghugl;rj;ij jilnra;fpwJ.419

Fbapay; kw;Wk;

murpay; chpikfSf;fhd rHtNjr rkthaj;ij mHj;jg;gLj;Jk; nghWg;igf;

nfhz;bUe;j If;fpa ehLfspd; kdpj chpikfs; rig> “rkthaj;jpd; xt;nthU chpiffSNk gpuirfs; kw;Wk; me;epaHfSf;fpilapy; ghugl;rq;fspd;wp

cj;juthjQ; nra;ag;gl Ntz;Lnkd;gJ nghJthd tpjpahFk;. rkthaj;jpy;

ghugl;rkpd;id njhlHghf cj;juthjk; nra;ag;gl;Ls;s chpikfspd; nghJthd

Njitg;ghl;bd; mD$yj;ij me;epaHfs; ngWfpd;wdH.”420

rHtNjr rl;lq;fs; $l rl;lj;jpd; Kd;dhy; rkj;Jtj;ijAk; rl;lj;jpd; fPo;

rkdhd ghJfhg;igAk; cj;juthjg;gLj;JfpwJ.421

Fbapay; kw;Wk; murpay;

chpikfSf;fhd rHtNjr rkthaj;jpd; fPo; ehl;bd; epahahjpf;fj;Jf;F cl;gl;l

midj;J kf;fSk; rl;lj;jpd; fPo; rkj;Jtkhd ghJfhg;Gf;F

chpj;JilatHfshtH.422 ,e;j ghJfhg;Gf;fs; gpuirfsy;yhjtHfs; kw;Wk;

418 rHtNjr njhopy; ];jhgdk;> Gyk;ngaH njhopyhsHfs;> 87 rHtNjr njhopy; kfhehL 10

(1999) ge;jp 367. mwpf;iffspd; kPsha;T> Kd;Ndw;ghl;Lr; rig kw;Wk; cyf

kfhehl;Lf;fhd Ma;Tfs; kw;Wk; Vida Mtzq;fs;: nrayhsH ehafj;jpd; Fwpg;G@

I.eh Mtzk; A/CONF:189/PC.2/23 (2001) > ge;jp 22. 419 ICCPR gpuirfSf;F rpy Fwpj;j chpikfis xJf;FfpwJ. ICCPR ,d; cWg;Giu 25

gpuirfs; nghJ tptfhuq;fspy; gq;Fgw;Wtjw;F> thf;fspg;gjw;F kw;Wk; gjtpfis tfpg;gjw;F

kw;Wk; nghJr; NritfSf;fhd rkdhd nghJthd Kiwfs; %yk; mZFtjw;fhd

chpikfisj; njspthf $WfpwJ. ICCPR cWg;Giu 25> ICCPR cWg;Giu 12. I.eh kdpj

chpikfs; rigapd; nghJf;Fwpg;G 15 ,y;> ICCPR ,d; flg;ghL cWg;Giu 25 ,y;

mq;fPfhpf;fg;gl;L gpuirfSf;F kl;Lk; gpuNahfpf;fg;glf; $ba chpikfisj; jtpu mur jug;gpd;

Ml;Gy vy;iyf;Fs; cs;s ve;j ntspehl;ltUf;Fk; gpuNahfpf;fg; glf;$banjd;fpwJ. I. eh

kdpj chpikfs; rig nghJf;Fwpg;G 15> rkthaj;jpd; fPo; me;epah;fspd; epiy (27 tJ mkHT>

1986)> kdpj chpikfs; xg;ge;j mikg;Gfspdhy; Vw;Wf; nfhs;sg;gl;l nghJf;Fwpg;Gfs; kw;Wk;

nghJg; ghpe;Jiufspd; njhFg;G. I.eh Mtzk; HRI/GEN/1/Rev. 6 (2003), g. 140> ge;jp 2. 420 I.eh kdpj chpikfs; rig> nghJf;Fwpg;G 15> rkthaj;jpd; fPo; me;epaHfspd; epiy. ge;jp

2.

421 rHtNjr kdpj chpikfs; gpufldk; (UDHR) cWg;Giu 7@ ICCPR cWg;Giu 26.

422 “rl;lk; ve;jtifahd ghugl;rq;fisAk; jilnra;tJld; ve;jnthU mbg;gilapYk;

midj;J egHfSf;Fk; rkdhdJk; gaDWjpkpf;f ghJfhg;Gf;F cj;juthjk; mspj;jy;

Ntz;Lk;.....” ICCPR cWg;Giu 26.

148

ngz;fisAk; cs;slf;Ffpd;wJ. Mjyhy; njhopy; rl;lq;fs; Nghd;w Ntiy

epiyikfs; my;yJ Ntjdq;fs; kPJ nraw;gLk; ghJfhg;G epahahjpf;fq;fs;

gpuirfsy;yhjtHfs; kw;Wk; ngz;fSf;F rkdhf gpuNahfpf;fg;gly; Ntz;Lk;.423

FbtuT rl;l xOq;F tpjpfs;

rT+jp mNugpah> Fitj;> nygdhd; kw;Wk; If;fpa muGfs; ,uhr;rpaj;jpYs;s

fghyh (Kafala) my;yJ mDruiz Kiw Gyk;ngaH gzpahsHfs; xU

Ntiy nfhs;NthhplkpUe;J kw;nwhU Ntiynfhs;NthUf;F khwpr; nry;Yk;

jpwid> mjhtJ mtHfsJ njhopy;rhH efHjd;ikia mjpfsTf;F

fl;Lg;gLj;JfpwJ. ,e;j “mDruidr; rl;lq;fs;” Gyk;ngaH gzpahsHfsJ tprh

mDkjpfis Fwpj;j Ntiynfhs;NthH> my;yJ “mDruidahsH” vd;NghUld; gpizg;gJ> eilngWk; J\;gpuNahfk; kw;Wk; Ruz;ly;fspd;

mjpfstpyhd mghaq;fSld; gzpahw;w nra;fpd;wJ. ,e;j FbtuT xOq;F

tpjpfs;> Gyk;ngaH gzpahsHfs; J\;gpuNahfq;fSf;F Kfk; nfhLf;ifapy;

mtHfsJ njhpTfis fLikahf fl;Lg;gLj;Jfpd;wd.

rT+jp mNugpah> Fitj;> nygdhd; kw;Wk; If;fpa muGfs; ,uhr;rpaj;jpd;

mDruidr; rl;lj;jpd; fPo; Gyk;ngaH njhopyhsHfs;> ,e;j ehLfspy;

gzpGhptjw;fhd xU tprh mDkjpiag; ngw;Wf; nfhs;tjw;F cs;@H

mDruidahsH xUthpd; Njitiaf; nfhz;bUf;f Ntz;Lk;> mDruidahsH

Gyk;ngaH gzpahsuJ rl;lhPjpahd milahs ml;ilf;fhd mjpfhuj;ijf;

nfhz;Ls;shH. mDruidahsHfs; gzpahsHfsJ tprh mDkjp

kPs;GJg;gpj;jiy fl;Lg;gLj;Jtjhy;> Ntiynfhs;NthH tPl;Lg; gzpahsHfsJ

tprh mDkjp fhyhtjpahf mDkjpg;gjd; %yk; mtHfsJ njhopy;

xg;ge;;jj;ij KbTWj;j KbAk;. Gyk;ngaH njhopyhsHfs; jq;fs; Ntiyia

tpl;L tpyf KbAkh vd;gjidAk; Ntiynfhs;Nthuhy; fl;Lg;gLj;j KbAk;.

Gyk;ngaH tPl;Lg; gzpahsH jdJ Ntiynfhs;Nthiu khw;wk; nra;J

nfhs;tjw;F Muk;g mDruidahsH khw;wg; gj;jpunkhd;iw toq;Fjy;

Ntz;Lk;. ,J tPl;Lg; gzpahsHfs; J\;gpuNahfq;fSf;F Mshfpd;w

epiyikfspYk; $l mtHfsJ Ntiy khWtjw;fhd Ntz;LNfhs;

vNjr;rhjpfhukhd Kiwapy; kWf;fg;gLtjw;fhd tha;g;Gf;fs;

cs;sjhf ,Uf;fpd;wJ. Gyk;ngaH tPl;Lg; gzpahsHfsJ tprh mDkjpfs;

Fwpj;jnjhU Ntiynfhs;NthUld; fl;Lg;gLj;jg;gl;bUg;gjhy;> mtH xU

J\;gpuNahf Ntiynfhs;NthhplkpUe;J jg;gp XLifapy;> mg;ngz; jdJ

rl;lhPjpahd FbtuT me;j];ij ,og;gJld; jLj;J itf;fg;gly; my;yJ

ehl;il tpl;L ntspNaw;wg;gLtjw;fhd Mgj;ij vjpH nfhs;fpd;whH.

423 “NtWghlhd elj;ij my;yJ ifahSjy; epahakhdjhfTk;> Fwpf;Nfhs; kw;Wk;

rkthaj;jpd; fPo rl;lG+Htkhd ,yf;if miltjw;fhd Nehf;fj;ijf; nfhz;bUf;ifapy;

xt;nthU NtWghlhd ifahSjy;fs; ghugl;rj;ij Vw;gLj;Jtjhf mikahnjd rig

Nehf;FfpwJ. I.eh kdpj chpikfs; rig> nghJf;Fwpg;G 18> ghugl;rkpd;ik> ge;jp 13.

149

rT+jp mNugpahtpy;> Gyk;ngaH tPl;Lg; gzpahsHfs; ehl;il tpl;L vg;nghOJ

ntspNawyhk; vd;gijf; $l mDruidahsHfs; fl;Lg;gLj;Jfpd;wdH. rT+jp

mNugpa murhq;fk; tPl;Lg; gzpahsHfs; ehl;il tpl;L ntspNaWtjw;fhd

mDkjpia ngw;Wf; nfhs;s Ntz;Lnkd Ntz;LfpwJ> Mdhy; ,J

mDruidahsuhy; fl;Lg;gLj;jg;gLfpwJ. kj;jpa fpof;F ehLfspy;

gzpf;fhf ,yq;if gzpg;ngz;fis Ml;NrHg;gjpy; 30 tUl mDgtj;ijf;

nfhz;l xU njhopy; KftH tpsf;Fifapy; gzpapy; Kjy; %d;W khjq;fs;

fope;j gpd; jq;fs; njhopy; xg;ge;jj;jpypUe;J tpyf tpUk;Gk; tPl;Lg;

gzpahsHfs; mjw;fhd ePjpkd;w cj;juT kw;Wk; ntspNaWtjw;fhd xU tprh

mDkjp vd;gtw;iwf; nfhz;bUj;jy; Ntz;Lk;. “,ijg; ngWtjw;fhf rT+jp

mNugpahtpy;> gzpg;ngz; J}jufj;jpw;F nry;y Ntz;Lk;. J}jufk; mtiu

ePjpkd;wj;Jf;F mioj;Jr; nry;y Ntz;Lk;> mq;f ePjpgjp mg;ngz;iz

xg;ge;jj;jpypUe;J tpLtpg;gjh> ,y;iyah vd;gij jPHkhdpg;gH.

Ntiynfhs;NthH xg;ge;jj;jpy; ifnahg;gkpl;L gpd; mjid ntsptptfhu

mikr;R Kj;jpiuapLtJ ‘rl;lkag;gLj;jy;’ vdg;gLfpwJ.”424 r%f tptfhu

mikr;Rk; Ntiynfhs;Nthhpd; rk;kjj;ij ngw;Wf;nfhs;s Kbahj tPl;Lg;

gzpahsHfsJ ntspNaWtjw;fhd tprh mDkjpia ngWtjw;fhd

nra;KiwfSf;nfd tPl;Lg; gzpahsHfSf;F jdpahd gphpTfis elhj;Jfpd;wd.

Gyk;ngaH gzpahsHfs; Ntiynfhs;Sk; ehl;bypUe;J mtHfsJ

mDruidahshpd; mDkjpapy;yhky; ehl;il tpl;L ntspNaWtjw;fhd tprh

mDkjpia ngw;Wf;nfhs;s KbahJ. mDruidahsHfis ,t;tpjk;

mjpfhug;gLj;Jtjd; %yk;> rT+jp murhq;fk; tPl;Lg; gzpahsHfsJ Rje;jpukhd

elkhl;lj;Jf;fhd chpikia kPWfpwJ. ntspNaWtjw;fhd tprh mDkjpia

vNjr;rhjpfhukhf kWg;gJk; tPl;Lg; gzpahsHfis fl;lha Ntiyf;Fs;shf;Fk;

epiyf;Fj; js;SfpwJ.

If;fpa muGfs; ,uhr;rpak; mz;ikapy; mjd; njhopy; rl;l tpjpfs; gytw;iw

kPsha;T nra;tJld; rhjfkhd rPHjpUj;jq;fis mwpKfg;gLj;JfpwJ. If;fpa

muGfs; ,uhr;rpaj;jpd; khWjy; rl;lq;fspy; mz;ikapy; khw;wq;fs; Vw;gl;l

NghjpYk; tPl;Lg; gzpahsHfs; Gjpa xU mDruidahshplk; khw;wpf;

nfhs;tjpyhd fl;Lg;ghLfs; tPl;Lg; gzpahsHfis J\;gpuNahfq;fSf;F

Mshf;Ftjw;fhd epiyikfSf;F cl;gLj;Jfpd;wd. If;fpa

muGfs; ,uhr;rpaj;jpy;> ngg;nuthp 2006 ,y; nfhz;L tug;gl;l khw;w

Kiwfspyhd rPHjpUj;jk;> mDruidahsHfis khw;w tpUk;Gk;

gzpahsHfSf;fhd xU tUl Ntiyj;jilia ePf;fpaJ. ,jw;F

Kd;dH ,Ue;j Kiwg;gb tPl;Lg; gzpahsHfs; mDruidahsHfis

khw;wKbahJ. mDruidahsHfsJ Ntiyfis tpl;L tpyFtJ mtHfsJ

424 Xa;T ngw;w njhopy; KftUldhd (ngaH kiwf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ) kdpj chpikfs;

fz;fhzpg;gfj;jpd; NeHfhzy;. nfhOk;G> ,yq;if> etk;gH 18> 2006.

150

tprh mDkjpia ,uj;Jr; nra;tjpy; KbtilfpwJ. Ntiynfhs;Nthiu khw;w

tpUk;GgtHfSf;F If;fpa muGfs; ,uhr;rpaj;jpy; gzpGhptjw;F xUtUlj; jil

tpjpf;fg;gl;bUe;jJ. vt;thwhapDk; jpUj;jp mikf;fg;gl;l khWjy; rl;lj;jpd; fPo;>

tPl;Lg; gzpahsHfs; jq;fis Kjypy; gzpf;fkHj;jpa

Ntiynfhs;NthhplkpUe;J “Ml;Nrgidapy;iy vd;gjw;fhdnjhU rhd;wpjio” ngw;w gpd;dH my;yJ mtHfsJ njhopy; xg;ge;j fhyj;ij G+Hj;jp nra;j

gpd;dUk; kw;Wk; Lghapy; 1500 buhk;fSk; (408 m.nlhyHfs;) kw;Wk; If;fpa

muGfs; ,uhr;rpaj;jpy; 500 buhk;fs; tiuapYkhd (136 m.nlhyHfs;) tprh

khw;w mDkjpf; fl;lzj;ij gzpahsHfs; nrYj;jpa gpd;dH jq;fs;

mDruidahsHfis khw;wpf; nfhs;s KbAk;.425

If;fpa muGfs; ,uhr;rpaj;jpy;

Ntiynfhs;Nthuhy; J\;gpuNahfq;fSf;Fs;shd tPl;Lg; gzpahsHfSf;fhd

xNunahU eyd;fhf;Fk; epiyaj;jpd; gzpg;ghsuhd \Hdh Krhgp $Wifapy;>

“Kjypy; Ntiyf;fkHj;JgtHfspy; gyH Ml;Nrgid ,y;iy vd;gjw;fhd

rhd;wpjio toq;fhkypUg;gjd; %yk; jq;fs; gzpahsHfis jz;bg;gjd; %yk;

mtHfs; ehl;bypUe;J ntspNaWtjw;F fl;lhag;gLj;Jfpd;wdH. VidatHfs;

gzpahsHfs; kPJ gy khjq;fspypUe;J xUtUlk; tiuapyhd jilia

tpjpf;fpd;wdH. ,J mtHfs; ehl;bDs; Eiotjw;Nfh my;yJ me;jf; fhyg;

gFjpapy; NtW Ntiyfisj; NjLtijNah jLf;fpwJ.”426 ,uz;L khjq;fSf;F

Ntjdk; toq;fg;gltpy;iy my;yJ ePjpkd;wj;jpy; xU njhopy; tof;F

cs;snjd ep&gpg;gtHfSf;F rl;lk; tpyf;fspj;J Kjy; mDruidahsuJ

mDkjpapy;yhky; mDruid khw;w Ntz;LNfhspw;F mDkjpj;jhYk;

eilKiwapy; Ntjdf; nfhLg;gdtpd;ik ep&gpg;gJ fbdkhdnjd;gJld;

Fiwe;jstpyhd tPl;Lg; gzpahsHfNs ePjpkd;wj;jpy; tof;Ffs;

njhlHe;Js;sdH.

Fitj;jpy;> cs;tptfhu mikr;R tPl;Lg; gzpahsHfsJ xg;ge;jq;fis

xf;NlhgH 1> 2006 ,ypUe;J epHzapf;fg;gl;l juj;jpw;Fl;gLj;jpaJ. Gjpa Kiw

Gyk;ngaH gzpahsHfSf;fhd mDruid tpjpfis khw;wpaJld; mDruid

khw;wq;fSf;F KOikahf jil tpjpj;jJ. ,J J\;gpuNahf Ntiy

epiyikfspypUe;J jg;gpNahl tpUk;Gk; tPl;Lg; gzpahsHfs; kPJ kpfTk;

ghjfkhd tpisTfis nfhz;bUf;fyhk;.427

epHzapf;fg;gl;l juj;jpyhd

xg;ge;jj;jpd; fPo; tPl;Lg; gzpahsHfs; kw;nwhU

425 g];kh my; [d;lyp> “gzpg;ngz;fs; kPjhd jPHkhdk; midj;Jj; jug;gpdUf;Fk;

ed;ikaspf;Fk;> mjpfhhpfs; $Wfpd;wdH”> fy;g; epA+]; (Lgha;> I.m.,) Mf];l; 22> 2006.

http://www.archive.gulfnews.com/indepth/labour/visas_and_the_law/10061828.html (accessed September 6,2007). 426 \Hdh KrhgpAldhd kdpj chpikfs; fz;fhzpg;gfj;jpd; kpd;dQ;ry; njhlHghly;.

(ek;gpf;ifapd; efH/ngz;fs; kw;Wk; rpWtHfSf;fhd Lgha; epiyak;) nrg;nlk;gH 29> 2007.

427 epHzapf;fg;gl;l ju xg;ge;jq;fs;> tpLtpf;fk; fbjnkhd;wpy; ifnaOj;jpLtjd; %ykhd

Kd;ida mDruidahsuJ rk;kjj;Jld;> tPl;Lg; gzpahsHfs; ,uz;L tUlq;fSf;nfhU

jlit kl;Lk; NtnwhU tprh mDruidahsUf;F khWtij mDkjpj;j Kd;ida

gzpg;Giuia khw;wPL nra;jJ.

151

Ntiynfhs;Nthhpd; ,Ug;gplj;jpw;F khwpr; nry;tijNah my;yJ

Fitj;jpy; ,Uf;Fk; nghOJ NtnwhU Ntiyiaj; NjLtijNah

mDkjpf;ftpy;iy> MapDk; ,jw;Fg; gjpyhf mtH jdJ Ntiynfhs;Nthiu

tpl;L tpyFthuhapUe;jhy; my;yJ Ntiynfhs;NthH mtHfs; xg;ge;jj;ij

KbTWj;jpdhy; tPl;Lg; gzpahsHfs; ehl;il tpl;L ntspNaw;wg;gLtH.428

Ml;NrHg;G KftHfspd; ,izg;ghd Fitj;jpd; tPl;Lj; njhopy;

mYtyfq;fspd; rq;f (KUDLO) nghJ KfhikahsH `rPk; k[Pl; ,e;j

Vw;ghl;il Fiw $wpdhH.429

Fitj;jpa murhq;fk; nra;tjw;F

vz;zpajhf

2005 ,y; mwptpj;j NghjpYk;> ,t;twpf;ifia vOJk;tiu rPHjpUj;jk;

nra;ag;gl;l mDruidr; rl;lk; mKYf;F tutpy;iy.430

Fitj;jpa

mikr;rHfshy; ftdj;jpy; nfhs;sg;gl mDruid Kiwfspy; rhj;jpakhd

rPHjpUj;jq;fs; Fwpj;J Muha;tjw;F %d;W Ma;Tfs; Nkw;nfhs;sg;gLtjhf

r%f tptfhu kw;Wk; njhopy; mikr;R njhptpj;j NghjpYk; ,e;jr;

rPHjpUj;jq;fs; epHzapf;fg;gl;l juj;jpyhd xg;ge;jq;fspd; khWjy; gw;wpa

Vw;ghLfis NkYWkh vd;gJ njsptw;wjhf cs;sJ.431

Kiwaplg;gl;l J\;gpuNahfq;fis tprhhpj;jy; kw;Wk; tof;F

njhLj;jy;

Kiwaplg;gl;l J\;gpuNahfq;fis tprhhpj;jy; kw;Wk; tof;Fj; njhLg;gjpy;

jilfSs;s gy rk;gtq;fis kdpj chpikfs; fz;fhzpg;gfk;

Mtzg;gLj;jpAs;sJ. ,r;rk;gtq;fspy; Neubahf gpuNahfpf;fj;jf;ftifapy;

Fw;wtpay; rl;lq;fs; ,Ue;j NghjpYk; ,yq;ifg; gzpg;ngz;fs; njhptpj;j

J\;gpuNahfq;fs; gw;wp tprhhpj;J tof;Fj; njhLg;gjw;F rT+jp mNugpah>

Fitj;> nygdhd; kw;Wk; If;fpa muGfs; ,uhr;rpaj;jpYs;s mjpfhhpfs;

jtwpdH. J\;gpuNahfq;fis tprhhpj;jy; kw;Wk; tof;Fj; njhLj;jy;fspy;

gytpjkhd jilfis vjpHnfhs;fpd;wdH. J\;gpuNahfq;fis Nkw;nfhs;Sk;

Ntiynfhs;NthUf;F vjpuhf Kiwg;ghLfisg; gjpT nra;Ak; tPl;Lg;

gzpahsHfs; jpUl;L Nghd;w gjpy; Fw;wr; rhl;L mr;RWj;jy;fsf;F Kfk;

nfhLf;fpd;wdH. gy re;jHg;gq;fspy; tPl;Lg; gzpahsHfs; jq;fs;

428 mfkJ rf;fhhpah> “tPl;Lg; gzpahsHfs; khWtjw;fhd jil xf;NlhgH Kjyhk;

jpfjpapypUe;J mKy;” nla;yp ];uhH Fitj; gjpg;G> Mf];l; 26-27> 2006.

429 mNj Mjhu%yk;.

430 RahjPd tHj;jf rq;fq;fspd; rHtNjr xd;wpak;> tHj;jf rq;f chpikfspd; kPwy;fspd;

tUlhe;j kjpg;gha;T> g.364.

431 “mDruid Kiw khw;wPLfs;”> Fitj; ilk;];> Nk 18> 2007.

http://www.kuwaittimes.net/read_news.php?newsid=MTUONDYxMzYwMg== (accessed September 6, 2007).

152

Ntiynfhs;Nthhpd; KOg; ngaH my;yJ Kfthpfs; vd;gtw;iw

njhpahJs;sikahdJ Kiwg;ghLfs; Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;l Ntiynfhs;Nthiu

mjpfhhpfs; Njbf; fz;Lgpbg;gij fbdkhf;FfpwJ. xU gzpahsH $Wifapy;>

“J}juf cj;jpNahfj;hHfs; v[khdJ njhiyNgrp ,yf;fj;ijf; Nfl;ldH>

mtHfs; nghyprhiu mioj;J mtiu gpbg;gjw;F Kaw;rpj;jdH......... vq;fsplk;

njhiyNgrp ,yf;fk; ,y;iy> Kfthp ,y;iy> vq;fshy; vd;d nra;a KbAk;?

vd mtHfs; vd;dplk; $wpdhHfs;. vdf;F v[khdpd; njhiyNgrp ,yf;fk;

njhpahJ”> vd;whH.432 Ntiynfhs;NthH kw;Wk; njhopy; KftHfs; rpy

rkaq;fspy; jq;fs; Kfthp khw;wq;fis gjpT nra;tjpy;iy.

Ntiynfhs;NthHfs; jkf;fpilNaahd Ntiy toq;Fjy; khw;wq;fis my;yJ

Kfthp khw;wq;fis gjpT nra;aj; jtWkplj;J ,yq;ifj; J}jufk; tPl;Lg;

gzpahsHfsJ njhlHGfis ,oe;J tpLfpwJ> mNjNghd;W J\;gpuNahfq;fis

Nkw;nfhs;Sfpd;w Ntiy nfhs;Nthiu Njbg; gpbg;gJk; rpukkhfpd;wJ.

kdpj chpikfs; fz;fhzpg;gfk; NeHfhzy; nra;j gy Gyk;ngaH tPl;Lg;

gzpahsHfs; njhptpf;ifapy;> jhk; gzpnra;Ak; ehl;bd; mjpfhhpfsplk; cjtp

NfhUk;nghOJ ,t;tjpfhhpfs; ,t;tPl;Lg; gzpahsHfs; ahhplkpUe;J jg;gp cjtp

Nfhhp te;jdNuh mtHfsplNk kPz;Lk; jq;fis gpbj;Jf; ifaspg;gjhf

$wpdhH. rT+jp mNugpahtpy; v];. nghd;dk;kh jdJ

Ntiynfhs;NthhplkpUe;J jg;gpNahb nghyprhhpd; cjtpia ehbaNghJk;

nghyprhH jd;id kPz;Lk; me;j Ntiynfhs;NthhplNk jdJ tpUg;gj;jpw;F

vjpuhf ifaspj;jjhf kdpj chpikfs; fz;fhzpg;gfj;Jf;F $wpdhH:

ehd; xU Kiw jg;gp te;J> nghyprhhplk; nrd;Nwd;. vd;id

J}jufj;Jf;F nfhz;L nrd;W tpLk;gb mtHfis Nfl;Lf;

nfhz;Nld;. ,J fle;j khjk; 22k; jpfjp (etk;gH 2006)

eilngw;wJ. mtHfs; vd;id jpUk;gTk; vdJ

Ntiynfhs;NthhplNk mioj;Jr; nrd;W tpl;ldH. rpwpJ Neuk;

vd;id nghyp]; epiyaj;jpy; itj;jpUe;jdH. gpd;dH xU rpNu\;l

mjpfhhp te;jhH. ehd; vdJ fhaq;fisf; fhl;b Kiwapl;Nld;.

vd;id v[khd; jhf;fp> mbj;jjhf Kiwapl;Nld;. v[khd; jhd;

me;j Ntisapy; tPl;by; ,Uf;fNtapy;iy vd;W $wpdhH. gpd;dH

mtHfs; v[khd; vdf;F rk;gsk; nfhLj;jhuh vd;W Nfl;ldH.

vdf;F fle;j xd;wiu tUlkhf rk;gsk; vJTk; jutpy;iynadf;

$wpNdd;. ehd; kPz;Lk; v[khdplk; jpUk;gpg; Nghf kWj;Njd;.

vd;id J}jufj;jpy; nfhz;L nrd;W tpLk;gb typAWj;jpf; Nfl;Lf;

nfhz;Nld;. nghyprhH “ehq;fs; cd;id v[khd; tPl;by; my;y>

J}jufj;jpNyNa nfhz;L Ngha; tpLfpNwhk;”> vd;W $wpdhH.

nghyprhH> vd;id J}jufj;jpy; tpl;Ltpl;L NghFk;gb v[khdplk;

432 v];. nghd;dk;khTldhd kdpj chpikfs; fz;fhzpg;gfj;jpd; NeHfhzy;. hpahj;> rT+jp


153

$wpdH> MapDk; v[khd; kPz;Lk; vd;id tPl;bw;Nf mioj;J

te;jhH. Vd; vd;id kWgbAk; cq;fs; tPl;bw;F mioj;J

tUfpwPHfs; vdf; Nfl;Nld;> mjw;F v[khd; cd;id tPl;bw;F

mDg;Gtjw;F vd;dplk; gzk; ,Uf;ftpy;iy vd;W $wpdhH.

mjw;F ehd;> gzk; ,y;iynad;why; Vd; vd;id Ntiyf;F

mkHj;jpdPHfs;? vdf; Nfl;Nld;. v[khdp vd;id fLikahf

mbj;jhH. “rT+jp mNugpahtpy; vq;F eP jg;gpg; NghdhYk; mtHfs;

gpbj;J ,q;Nfjhd; mDg;GthHfs;. cd;idf; nfhd;why; $l

nghyprhH vq;fSf;F xd;Wk; nrhy;ykhl;lhHfs;. eP

jg;gpNahbapUf;fhtpl;lhy; cd;idf; nfhd;W Fg;igapy;

tPrpapUg;Nghk;”> vd;W vd;dplk; $wpdhh;. vdf;F clk;ngy;yhk;

typf;fpwJ. vd;dhy; typ jhq;f Kbatpy;iy.433

gpd;dH mtH ,uz;lhk; jlitAk; jg;gp te;J nghyprhhplk;

nry;yhky; ,yq;ifj; J}jufj;Jf;Nf nrd;whH> Vnddpy; kw;WNkhH ,yq;ifaH

mthplk; nghyprhH jpUk;gTk; Ntiynfhs;NthhplNk ifaspg;gH vd

vr;rhpj;jpUe;jhH.

rpy rk;gtq;fspy;> nghyprhhplkpUe;J tPl;Lg; gzpahsHfs; cjtpia ehba

nghOjpYk; mtHfs; Njitahd cjtpiag; ngwtpy;iy. ,e;j mjpfhhpfs;

gzpahsHfspd; tpUg;gpw;F khwhf mtHfis jpUk;gTk; mtHfsJ

Ntiynfhs;NthhplNk kPz;Lk; ifaspf;fpd;wdH my;yJ Kiwg;ghL

nra;ag;gl;l J\;gpuNahfk; gw;wp tprhuiz nra;aj; jtWfpd;wdH. taJ 26>

lgps;A+. nry;tFkhhp vDk; tPl;Lg; gzpahsH vkf;Fj; njhptpf;ifapy;> rT+jp

mNugpahtpy; xd;gJ khjq;fshf mtuJ Ntiynfhs;NthH kw;Wk; mtuJ

kfdpd; ghypay; njhy;iyfis rfpj;Jf; nfhz;l gpd; ,Wjpapy; jg;gpNahb

nghyprhhpd; cjtpia ehbdhH. nghyprhH jd;id kPz;Lk; nfhz;L nrd;w

mNj Ntiynfhs;Nthhplk; xg;gilj;jjhf mtH vq;fSf;Ff; $wpdhH:

ehd; nghyprhUf;F thf;F%ynkhd;iw nfhLj;Njd;. vdJ Ntiy

nfhs;NthH ey;y elj;ijAilatuhf ,y;iynad Kiwg;ghL

nfhLj;Njd;....... ifapy; nghpaNjhH nghy;iy itj;Jf; nfhz;L>

“eP vg;gb ,q;F vd;dplk; te;jha;?” vd nghyp]; mjpfhhp vd;id

kpul;bdhH. “ehd; jdpNa> ahuJ cjtpAkpy;yhky; te;Njd;>“ vdf; $wpNdd;. me;j nghyp]; vdJ Kiwg;ghl;il vOjpf; nfhz;L

kPz;Lk; vdJ v[khdplNk vd;id xg;gilj;jdH. nghyp];

433 Mjhu %yk;.

154

vd;id ,d;ndhU tPl;Lf;F khw;Wtjhff; $wpaNghJk; vd;id

kPz;Lk; mNj v[khdplk; xg;gilj;jdH.434

tPl;Lg; gzpahsHfs; tof;F njhLg;gjpYk; jilfis vjpHnfhs;fpd;wdH. rT+jp

mNugpah> Fitj;> nygdhd; kw;Wk; If;fpa muGfs; ,uhr;rpak;

my;yJ ,yq;ifapd; ntspehl;L mYtyfq;fspypUe;J cjtpfis

ehLk;nghOJ> Kiwg;ghl;il vq;Nf> vg;gb gjpT nra;tJ vd;gjpyhd

jfty;fis mNefk; ngWtjpy;iy. NkYk; Fw;wtpay; tof;f Nkw;nfhs;sg;gLk;

nghOJ tPl;Lg; gzpahsHfs; tof;F eilngWk; ehl;bNy> Ntiyapd;wp

jq;fpapUf;f Ntz;bajhfTs;sJ. mtHfs; Ntiynfhs;Nthuhy; ngha;ahd

jpUl;L my;yJ tpgr;rhuq;fspy; <Lgl;ljhf gjpYf;f Fw;wk; rhl;lg;gLfpd;wdH.

mj;Jld; mtHfs; ghypay; ty;YwTf;Fs;shf;fg;gl;bUg;gpDk; $l tpgr;rhuk;

my;yJ rk;kjj;Jldhd clYwT vd;gtw;Wf;fhf tof;Fj;

njhlug;glYf;Fs;shFk; mr;RWj;jYf;Fk; Kfk; nfhLf;fpd;wdH. RahjPd

njhopy; rq;fq;fspd; rHtNjr xd;wpak; (ICFTU) Fwpg;gpLifapy;> If;fpa

muGfs; ,uhr;rpaj;jpy; nfhs;if hPjpahf tPl;Lg; gzpahsHfs; ePjpkd;wq;fis

ehl KbAkhf ,Ue;jhYk; $l> “kpf mjpfstpy; ,t;tpjk; eilngWtjpy;iy>

rl;l eltbf;iffSf;fhd fl;lzq;fs; kw;Wk; gopthq;fg;glyhk; vd;w mr;rk;

my;yJ ehl;il tpl;L ntspNaw;wg;gly; vd;gd cj;jpNahfG+Htkhd

eltbf;iffs; vLf;fg;gLtjpypUe;J gpd;thq;fr; nra;fpd;wd.”435

rhl;rpfs; ,y;yhik kw;WnkhU jil nra;Ak; fhuzpahf cs;sJ> Vnddpy;

J\;gpuNahf tof;Ffs; jdpg;gl;l Kiwapy; eilngWtJld; rhj;jpakhd

J\;gpuNahf rk;gtq;fis ,dk; fz;L> rk;ge;jg;gl;l rhl;rpfis jpul;Ltjpy;

nghyprhUf;F Nghjpa gapw;rpfspy;yhJk; cs;sdH.

434 lgps;A+. nry;tFkhhpAldhd kdpj chpikfs; fz;fhzpg;gfj;jpd; NeHfhzy;.


435 RahjPd njhopw; rq;fq;fspd; rHtNjr xd;wpak;> njhopw; rq;f chpikfspd; kPwy;fspd;

tUlhe;j kjpg;gha;T 2006> g.374.

155

VI. KbTiu kw;Wk; ghpe;Jiufs;

,yq;if murhq;fk;> ,yq;ifapd; Gyk;ngaH tPl;Lg; gzpahsHfspd;

chpikfis Nkk;gLj;Jtjw;fhf Kf;fpakhd Kaw;rpfis vLj;Js;s

NghjpYk; ,e;j mwpf;if Rl;bf; fhl;LtJ Nghy mk;Kaw;rpfs;

Nghjpasthditay;y vd;gJld; mit mtw;wpd; Fwpg;gplg;gl;l

Fwpf;Nfhs;fis miltij cWjp nra;tjw;F Nkk;gLj;jg;gl;l

mKy;gLj;jy;fs; kw;Wk; tphpthf;fq;fSila Njitiaf; nfhz;Ls;sJ. tPl;Lg;

gzpahsHfs; njhopYf;fhf Gyk;ngaUk; nghOJ J\;gpuNahfq;fSf;Fs;shFk;

epiyf;F MshfjpUg;gij cWjp nra;tjw;F ,yq;if murhq;fj;jhy; NkYk;

eltbf;iffis vLf;f KbAk;.

rT+jp mNugpah> Fitj;> nygdhd; kw;Wk; If;fpa muGfs; ,uhr;rpaj;jpy;

epahakhd Ntjdk;> Nkyjpf Neuf; nfhLg;gdT> thuhe;j Xa;T ehl;fs;>

ed;ikfs; kw;Wk; gzpahsH el;l<L cl;gl;l tPl;Lg; gzpahsHfSf;F njhopy;

rl;lj;jpd; rkdhd ghJfhg;G toq;Ftjw;F njhopw; rl;lq;fspy; mHj;jKs;sJk;

jhkjq;fSkpd;wpa rPHjpUj;jk; kw;Wk; mKyhf;fk; vd;gtw;Wf;fhd mtru

Njitnahd;W cs;sJ. rT+jp mNugpah> Fitj;> nygdhd; kw;Wk; If;fpa

muGfs; ,uhr;rpaj;jpd; murhq;fq;fSk; jw;nghOJs;s cs;@H Fw;wtpay;

rl;lq;fspy; Nkd;ikahfr; nrhy;yg;gl;bUf;Fk; rl;lg; ghJfhg;Gf;fis

mKy;gLj;JtJld; tPl;Lg; gzpahsHfSf;fhd xg;ge;jq;fis xNu

jd;ikahdjhf;FtJld; rh;tNjr kdpj chpikfs; xg;ge;jq;fspd; Xh;

jug;ghd ,t;ntht;nthU ehLfSk; mtw;iw mKy;gLj;JjYk; Ntz;Lk;.

kdpj chpikfs; fz;fhzpg;gfk; gpd;tUk; ghpe;Jiufisf; $WfpwJ:

,yq;if murhq;fj;jpw;F

• Ml;NrHg;G KftHfs; kw;Wk; Jiz KftHfisf; fl;Lg;gLj;jy; kw;Wk;

fz;fhzpj;jiy cWjpahf;Fjy;.

o njhopy; KftHfs; jq;fsJ Jiz KftHfisg; gjpT nra;a

Ntz;Ljy;: Jiz KftHfis mkh;j;Jk; eltbf;iffSf;F

mth;fisNa nghWg;ghf;Fjy;.

o Jiz KftHfs; murhq;fj;jpy; my;yJ mtHfis mkh;j;jpapUf;Fk;

njhopy; KftHfsplk; gjpT nra;a Ntz;Ljy;@ Jiz KftHfshy;

Nkyjpff; fl;lzq;fs; mwtplg;gly; kw;Wk; Vkhw;Wjy; Nghd;wtw;iw

Fiwg;gjw;fhf fl;lzq;fSf;fhd epakq;fs; kw;Wk; Ml;NrHg;G

eilKiwfisj; njspthf tiuaiw nra;jy;@ kw;Wk; tpjpKiwfis

kPWk; Jiz KftHfs; epahakhd jz;lidia vjpH nfhs;tij

156

cWjp nra;jy; Nghd;w tplaq;fs; vDk; topKiwfs; %yk;

Neubahf Jiz KftHfisf; fl;Lg;gLj;jy;.

o njhopy; KftHfs; kw;Wk; Jiz KftHfs; kPJ fpukkhd kw;Wk;

RahjPdf; fz;fhzpg;G nghwpKiwia ];jhgpj;jy;. Ml;NrHg;G

KftHfs; kPJ Kd;dwptpj;jy; ,d;wp ghpNrhjidfis elhj;Jjy;.

o njhopy; KftHfs; Gyk;ngaH tPl;Lg; gzpahsHfsJ njhopy;

xg;ge;jj;ij KOikahf jkpo; kw;Wk; rpq;fs nkhopfspy;

nkhopngaHg;Gr; nra;tjid cWjpg;gLj;Jjy;.

o Gyk;ngaHtjw;F Kd;dH Ml;NrHg;G KftHfs; kw;Wk; Jiz

KftHfSf;F tPl;Lg; gzpahsHfs; nrYj;jpa fl;lzq;fs;

gw;wp ,yq;if ntspehl;L Ntiytha;g;Gg; gzpafj;jpw;F mwptpf;Fk;

XH nghwpKiwia ];jhgpj;jy;.

o Ntiy nfhs;Sk; ehLfspy;> njhopy; KftH epWtdq;fspy;

gzpGhpAk; ,yq;if ehl;ltHfs; gw;wpa Kiwg;ghLfis jPtpukhf

tprhhpj;jwpe;J nfhs;sy;. ,tHfs; gw;wpa jfty;fis tPl;Lg;

gzpahsHfs; jhk; Ntiy nfhs;Sk; ehLfspYs;s ntspehl;Lj;

J}jufq;fs; kw;Wk; ,yq;iff;F ehL jpUk;gpaJk; gjpT nra;J

nfhs;tjid mDkjpf;Fk; nghwpKiwfis cUthf;fy;.

rT+jp mNugpah> Fitj;> nygdhd; kw;Wk; If;fpa muGfs; ,uhr;rpak;

vd;gtw;wpd; ,yq;ifj; J}jufq;fs; kw;Wk; ntspehl;Lg; gpujpepjpfs;

mYtyfq;fspy; Gyk;ngaH tPl;Lg; gzpahsHfSf;fhd Nritfis

Nkk;gLj;jy;.

o Fwpg;ghf Ntjdq;fisg; ngw;Wf; nfhLj;jy;> J\;gpuNahfq;fs;

njhlHghf tprhhpj;J tof;Fj; njhLj;jy; kw;Wk; jLj;J

itf;fg;gl;bUf;ifapy; chpikfs; njhlHghf cjtpia ehLk;

nghOJ Gyk;ngaH tPl;Lg;gzpahsHfSf;F cjTk; tifapy;

Nghjpastpyhd CopaHfis gzpf;fkHj;Jjy;.

o cstsj;Jiz Nrit toq;fy; kw;Wk; clw;Rfhjhug; guhkhpg;G

kw;Wk; rdneUf;fbiaf; Fiwg;gjw;fhd Nritfis toq;Ftjw;fhd

gapw;rpfis CopaHfSf;F toq;Ftjd; %yk; jq;Fkplq;fs; kw;Wk;

ghJfhg;G ,y;yq;fspy; epiyikfis Nkk;gLj;jy;.

o Ntiy nfhs;Sk; ehLfspYs;s ,yq;if ntspehl;Lg;

gzpafq;fspy; gzpahsHfSf;F cjTtjw;fhd tpNrl fUkgPlq;fs;

kw;Wk; tpiuthd njhiyNgrpr; Nritfis toq;fy;@ rT+jp mNugpah>

Fitj;> nygdhd; kw;Wk; If;fpa muGfs; ,uhr;rpaj;jpy; cly;eyg;

guhkhpg;G cstsj; Jizr;Nrit> jq;Fkplk; kw;Wk; rl;l

cjtpfSf;fhd rpghHRfis toq;fy;.

o rT+jp mNugpah> Fitj;> nygdhd; kw;Wk; If;fpa muGfs; ,uhr;rpak;

vd;gtw;wpYs;s ,yq;if ntspehl;Lg; gzpaf CopaHfSf;F> XH

Fw;wtpay; Kiwg;ghl;il gjpT nra;jy; my;yJ Ntjdf;

nfhLg;gdtpd;ikia ngw;Wf; nfhLj;jy; kw;Wk; Gyk;ngaH

157

gzpahsHfSf;F Nritfis toq;Fk; rl;l cjtpr; Nrit

toq;FeHfis xOq;F gz;Zjy; Nghd;wtw;iwf; ifahs;tjpy;

gapw;rpaspj;jy;.

o ,lhpy; rpf;fpapUf;Fk; kw;Wk; jg;gpr; nry;y topapy;yhj my;yJ jg;gpr;

nry;y vj;jdpf;fhj tPl;Lg; gzpahsHfis fz;lwpfpd;w XH Kiwia

cUthf;Fjy;. mtrpakhf ,Uf;Fk; gl;rj;jpy; cs;@H rl;lj;ij

mKyhf;Fk; gphptpdhpd; xj;Jiog;ig ngw;Wf; nfhs;sy;.

o ,yq;ifapd; ntspehl;Lj; J}jufj;ij cjtpf;fhf Kd;dH njhlHG

nfhz;l tPl;Lg; gzpahsHfsJ eyd;fisf; fpukkhf

Nrhjpj;jwptjw;F XH Kiwikia tpUj;jp nra;jy;.

rT+jp mNugpah> Fitj;> nygdhd; kw;Wk; If;fpa muGfs; ,uhr;rpa

murhq;fq;fSld; xj;Jioj;J gu];guk; mq;fPfhpf;fg;glf; $baJk;

eilKiwg;gLj;jf; $baJkhd njhopy; xg;ge;jq;fisAk; kw;Wk;

KiwapLk; gzpahsHfSf;F epthuzj;ij cWjp nra;Ak;

nghwpKiwfisAk; cUthf;Fjy; Ntz;Lk;.

• tPl;Lg; gzpahsHfSf;fhd Gwg;gLjypd; Kd;djhd jw;Nghija gapw;rpj;

jpl;lj;ij fPo;tUk; MNyhridfs; %yk; Nkk;gLj;jy; Ntz;Lk;:

○ gapw;rpapy; chpikfs; gw;wpa tpopg;GzHT kw;Wk; me;epa nkhopg;

gapw;rpf;fhd gFjpfis mjpfhpj;jy;.

○ Ntiy nfhs;Sk; ehLfspy; kw;Wk; mNjNghd;W ,yq;if jpUk;gpa

gpd; Ntiy nfhs;NthH kw;Wk; njhopy; KftHfSf;nfjpuhf vt;tpjk;

tof;Ffisf; nfhz;L nry;tJ Nghd;w epthuzq;fisg; ngw;Wf;

nfhs;Sk; nghwpKiwfs; gw;wpa $Ljyhd Nkyjpf jfty;fis

mspj;jy;.

○ Ml;NrHg;gpw;fhd fl;lzq;fspd; rl;lG+Htkhd tuk;Gfs; gw;wpa

jfty;fis toq;FtJld; rl;lj;ij kPWk; Ml;NrHg;G KftH kw;Wk;

Jiz KftHfSf;F vjpuhf Kiwg;ghLfisg; gjpT nra;Ak;

nghwpKiwfs; gw;wpa jfty;fisAk; toq;fy;.

○ Gyk;ngaHe;J nry;yg; Gwg;gLk; tPl;Lg; gzpahsHfSf;F mtHfsJ

Ntiy nfhs;NthuJ ngaH> Kfthp kw;Wk;

njhiyNgrp ,yf;fq;fs;@ ,yq;ifj; J}jufj;jpd; Kfthp>

njhiyNgrp ,yf;fq;fs;> Ntiy nfhs;Sk; ehl;bd; njhopy; KftuJ

ngaH> Kfthp kw;Wk; njhiyNgrp ,yf;fq;fs;@ Kd;-xOq;F

epuy;gLj;jg;gl;l ,yq;ifj; j}jufj;jpd; njhiyNgrp ,yf;fq;fs;

kw;Wk; VNjDk; cjtp ikaq;fspd; njhiyNgrp ,yf;fq;fisf;

nfhz;l XH njhiyNgrp ml;il@ cs;@H ehzaj;jpy; XH Fwpj;j

njhifapyhd gzk;> flTr;rPl;bd; XH gpujp kw;Wk; mtHfsJ njhopy;

xg;ge;jj;jpd; XH gpujp vd;git mlq;fpa jfty; njhFjpnahd;iwg;

ngw;Wf; nfhs;tij cWjp nra;jy;.

158

Kiwg;ghl;L; nghwpKiwfs; gw;wp gue;jstpy; jfty;fis gug;Giuj;jy;

kw;Wk; ,lHgl;L ehL jpUk;Gk; Gyk;ngaHe;j tPl;Lg; gzpahsHfSf;F

cstsj;Jiz toq;Fjy; cl;gl Gyk;ngaHe;J jpUk;Gk; tPl;Lg;

gzpahsHfSf;fhd Nritfis Nkk;gLj;jy;.

○ tPl;Lg; gzpahsHfs; ,yq;if jpUk;gpaJk; J\;gpuNahfq;fSf;fhd

Kiwg;ghL nra;aTk; kw;Wk; epthuzq;fisg; ngw;Wf; nfhs;tjw;Fk;

cs;s nghwpKiwfs; gw;wpg; gfpuq;fg;gLj;Jjy; rpwe;jjhFk;.

kPs;jpUk;Gk; Gyk;ngaH tPl;Lg; gzpahsHfSf;F rHtNjr tpkhd

epiyaj;jpy; kw;Wk; ,yq;if ntspehl;L Ntiytha;g;Gg; gzpafj;jpd;

cjtp toq;Fk; ghJfhg;gplj;jpy; Kiwg;ghL nra;Ak; kw;Wk;

epthuzk; ngWk; nghwpKiwfs; gw;wp tphpthd jfty;fis

toq;Fjy;.

○ rHtNjr tpkhd epiyaj;jpYk; kw;Wk; ,yq;if ntspehl;L

Ntiytha;g;Gg; gzpafj;jpd; cjtp toq;Fk; ghJfhg;gplj;jpYk;>

kPs;jpUk;Gk; gzpahsHfspd; Kiwg;ghLfis njhlHr;rpahfTk;>

jPtpukhd KiwapYk; gjpT nra;aTk;. kPs;jpUk;Gk; gzpahsHfsplk;

Nkhrkhd Ntiy nfhs;NthH kw;Wk; njhopy; KftHfs; njhlHghf

jfty;fisf; Nfl;lwpjy; kw;Wk; ,j;jfty;fis> Fwpg;ghf tPl;Lg;

gzpahsHfsJ chpikfs; njhlHghf nrayhw;Wk; rptpy;

r%f ];jhgdq;fSf;Ff; fpilf;Fk; tifapy; gfpuq;fg;gLj;jy;.

ep&gpf;fg;gl;l Nkhrkhd Ntiy nfhs;NthH kw;Wk; Ml;NrHg;G

KftHfis fWg;Gg; gl;baypy; Fwpj;J itj;jpUj;jy;.

○ ,yq;if Ntiytha;g;Gg; gzpafj;jpd; cjtp toq;Fk;

ghJfhg;gplj;jpy; kPs;jpUk;Gk; Gyk; ngaHe;j gzpahsHfSf;F

cstsj;Jiz toq;fy;.

○ kPs;jpUk;Gk; tPl;Lg; gzpahsHfSf;F> cstsj;Jiz kw;Wk;

kUj;Jtg; guhkhpg;Gr; Nritfs;> njhopy; KftHfs; my;yJ Ntiy

nfhs;NthUf;nfjpuhf tof;Ffisj; njhlu tpUk;Gk; tPl;Lg;

gzpahsHfSf;fhd rl;l cjtpfs; kw;Wk; tPl;Lg; gzpahsHfSf;fhd

kPs;jpUk;gypd; gpd;djhd nghUshjhu kw;Wk; kPs;

xUq;fpizj;jYf;fhd cjtpfis toq;Fk; epWtdq;fs; gw;wpf;

Fwpg;gpLk; jfty;fis tpepNahfpj;jy;.

Gyk;ngaHe;J nry;y vz;zpapUf;Fk; ngz;fSf;f VNjDk; kUj;Jtr;

Nrhjidfs; my;yJ fUj;jil kUe;J tiffs; toq;Ftij

RatpUg;gpYk; kw;Wk; mwptpf;fg;gl;l rk;kjj;JlDk; epiwNtw;Wtij

cWjp nra;jy;. Gyk;ngaHe;J nry;y vz;zpAs;s ngz;fs; mtHfsJ

kUj;Jtg; ghpNrhjidfspd; KbTfisg; ngw;Wf; nfhs;tijAk;> me;j

kUj;Jtj; jfty;fspd; ,ufrpaj;jd;ik kjpj;J Ngzg;gLtijAk; cWjp

nra;jy;.

159

Gyk;ngau vz;zpapUf;Fk; tPl;Lg; gzpahsHfSf;F njhopy; KftHfsJ

flg;ghLfs; kw;Wk; Ml;NrHg;G KftHfs;> Jiz KftHfSf;F vjpuhf

Kiwg;ghL nra;Ak; nghwpKiwfs; gw;wpa jfty;fis gug;Giu nra;Ak;

nghJ tpopg;GzHit Vw;gLj;Jk; epfo;r;rpfis tphpthf;fy;.

○ Gyk;ngaHtjw;F vz;Zk; tPl;Lg; gzpahsHfs; cs;s fpuhkq;fs;

kw;Wk; cs;@H ,lq;fs; (cjhuzk;: Milj; njhopw;rhiyfs;>

Njapiyj; Njhl;lq;fs;) vd;gtw;iw ,yf;F itj;J mtHfSf;F

Ml;NrHg;Gf; fl;lzq;fs; kPjhd rl;l tuk;Gfs;> Ntiy nfhs;Sk;

xt;NthH ehl;bw;Fkhd njhopy; xg;ge;j tpjpfs;> Fiwe;j tl;b

tPjj;jpy; fpilf;Fk; fld; trjpfs; kw;Wk; rl;lj;ij kPWk; Ml;NrHg;G

KftHfs; kw;Wk; Jiz KftHfSf;nfjpuhf Kiwg;ghL nra;Ak;

nghwpKiwfs; gw;wp mwpTWj;jy;.

○ Gyk;ngaHNthH chpikfSf;fhd mikg;GfSld; ,ize;J

Gyk;ngaHtjw;F vz;Zk; tPl;Lg; gzpahsHfs; Gyk;ngaHtjw;Fj;

jPHkhdj;ij Nkw;nfhz;L XH njhopy; Kftiu ehLtjw;F

Kd;dH ,e;jj; jfty;fis mtHfSf;F fpilf;fr; nra;jy;.

mjpf tl;b tPjj;jpy; fld;fis toq;Fk; jdpahH fld; nfhLg;Nghhpw;F

khw;W topahf Gyk;ngaUk; ngz;fSf;F mur tq;fpfs; kw;Wk; epjp

epWtdq;fspd; fld; trjpfis mjpfhpj;jy;.

○ ,e;jj; jpl;lq;fs; Fiwe;j tl;b tPjj;ijAk;> ePz;l kPs;nrYj;Jk;

fhyj;ijAk; nfhz;bUg;gjid cWjp nra;jy;.

○ Gyk;ngaUk; ngz; njhopyhsHfSf;fhd fld; cj;juthjk; kw;Wk;

gpiz cWjpfspd; Njitg;ghl;il kl;Lg;gLj;jy;.

○ eilKiwapYs;sJk; kw;Wk; Gjpa fld; jpl;lq;fs; gw;wp

tpsk;gug;gLj;JjYk; ed;ikahdJ.

○ ,yq;if tHj;jf mikr;rpd; ,yq;if Vw;Wkjpf; fld; fhg;GWjpf;

$l;Lj;jhgdj;jpd; (SLECIC) tq;fp cj;juthjj; jpl;lk; gw;wpa

kf;fs; tpopg;GzHit mjpfhpj;jy;.

tPl;Lg; gzpahsHfSf;fhd ,yq;if ntspehl;L Ntiytha;g;Gg;

gzpafj;jpd; njhopyhsH eyd;Ghp epjpaf; fhg;GWjpj; jpl;lj;ij

tphpTgLj;jp tpsk;gug;gLj;Jjy; ed;ikahdJ.

○ njhopy; hPjpapyhd tpgj;J> mq;ftPdkiljy; kw;Wk; ,wg;G

vd;gtw;Wf;fg;ghy; cly; hPjpahd kw;Wk; ghypay;

J\;gpuNahfq;fspdhyhd NfL kw;Wk; kPs;jpUk;Gtjw;fhd tpkhdf;

fl;lzq;fs; vd;gtw;iwAk; cs;slf;fj;jf;f tifapy; fhg;gPl;il

NkYk; tphpTgLj;jy;.

○ ,f;fhg;GWjpj; jpl;lj;jpd; fPohd ed;ikfs; gw;wpg; Gyk;ngaH

gzpahsHfSf;Fj; njspthd jfty;fis mspj;jy;. Ml;NrHg;G

160

KftHfs; kw;Wk; gapw;rp epiyaq;fs; kw;Wk; rHtNjr tpkhd

epiyaj;jpd; Gwg;gLk; kw;Wk; cs;tUk; tPl;Lg; gzpahsHfspilapy;

kw;Wk; ,yq;if ntspehl;L Ntiytha;g;Gg; gzpafj;jpd; cjtp

toq;Fk; ghJfhg;gplk; Nghd;wtw;wpy; Gyk;ngau vz;Zk; tPl;Lg;

gzpahsHfSf;F ,j;jfty;fis tpepNahfpj;jy;.

○ Gyk;ngaUk; gzpahsHfsJ fhg;GWjpapd; nry;YgbahFk; fhyj;ij

MW khjq;fspy; ,Ue;J njhopy; xg;ge;j fhyk; KOtJf;Fk;

nghUe;Jk; tifapy; ePbj;jy;. J\;gpuNahfk; eilngWkhapd;

mr;re;jHg;gj;jpy; kPs;jpUk;Gtjw;fhd tpkhdf; fl;lzj;jpw;fhd

nryTfis kPsg; ngWjiyAk; cs;slf;Fk; tifapy; fhg;GWjpj;

jpl;lk; ,Ug;gjid cWjp nra;jy;.

nfhs;iffspd; cUthf;fk; kw;Wk; mKy;gLj;jypy; Gyk;ngaHNthH

chpikfSf;fhd mikg;Gf;fspd; Nahridfis MHtj;Jld; tuNtw;wy;.

○ ,yq;if ntspehl;L Ntiytha;g;Gg; gzpafj;jpd; gzpg;ghsH

rigapy; Gyk;ngaHe;j kw;Wk; Gyk;ngaHe;jtHfspd; chpikfs;

vLj;Jiuf;fg;gLtij cs;slf;fy;.

○ Gyk;ngaH gzpahsHfsJ FLk;gq;fspd; Njitfis ,dk; fz;L>

ftdk; nfhs;tjw;Fk; kw;Wk; Gyk;ngaH gzpahsHfsJ

FLk;gq;fSf;fhd Mjuit ey;Fk; nray; jpl;lq;fis tpUj;jp

nra;tjw;Fkhd r%f Nritj;jpl;lq;fis cUthf;Ftjw;F VJthf

Gyk;ngaHe;NjhH kw;Wk; Gyk;ngaHe;NjhH chpikfSf;fhd

mikg;Gf;fs; kw;Wk; mf;fiw nfhz;NlhUld; fye;jhNyhrpj;jy;.

gwpKjy; nra;ag;gl;l flTr;rPl;Lf;fSf;fhd kPs;toq;Fjy;Ægjpyhf

toq;Fjy; fl;lzkhd &gh 10>000-I ,y;yhnjhopj;jy;.

○ ntspehl;by; ,Uf;ifapy; Gyk;ngaH tPl;Lg; gzpahsHfs; mtHfs;

nra;ahj jtWfSf;fhf flTr;rPl;Lf;fis ,oe;jtHfSf;F

(cjhuzk;: Ntiy nfhs;Nthuhy; flTr;rPl;L gwpKjy;

nra;ag;gl;bUf;Fk; re;jHg;gj;jpy;) Gyk;ngaH gzpahsHfSf;fhd

fl;lzj;ijf; FbtuT kw;Wk; Fbafy;Tj;

jpizf;fsk; ,y;yhnjhopf;f Ntz;Lk;.


muGfs; ,uhr;rpaj;jpd; murhq;fq;fSf;F

fPo;tUk; tplaq;fspy; ,yq;if murhq;fj;Jld; xj;Jiof;fTk;

○ jLj;J itf;fg;gl;bUf;Fk; ,yq;ifg; gpuirfs; gw;wp ,yq;ifj;

J}jufq;fSf;Fj; jhkjkpd;wp mwptpg;gjw;F@

161

○ gu];guk; mq;fPfhpf;fg;gl;L mKy;gLj;jg;glf; $ba xg;ge;jq;fis

cUthf;Ftjw;F@

○ Ntjdf; nfhLg;gdtpd;ik> Vida njhopy; J\;gpuNahfq;fs; kw;Wk;

Fw;wtpay; Kiwg;ghl;Lr; re;jHg;gq;fspy; Kiwg;ghL nra;af;

$bajhd nghwpKiwfs; kw;Wk; epthuzq;fSf;fhd toptiffis

cUthf;Ftjw;F@

○ Gyk;ngaH tPl;Lg; gzpahsHfis jha;ehl;Lf;Fj; jpUg;gpaDg;Gk;

jtpHf;f Kbahj re;jHg;gq;fs; my;yJ gzpahsHfs; kPs;jpUk;Gtjw;F

my;yJ ntspNaw;wg;gLtij jPHkhdpf;Fk; tiu jLj;J itf;fg;gLk;

fhyj;ijf; Fiwg;gjw;fhf ,yq;iff;F kPs; jpUk;g tpUk;gpd;

mtHfis tpiuthf jpUg;gp mDg;Gtjw;F VJthf ntspehl;Lg;

gzpafj;Jld; xg;ge;jq;fis cUthf;Ftjw;F@

○ J\;gpuNahfj;jpw;Fs;shd tPl;Lg; gzpahsHfisf; fhg;ghw;wTk; kw;Wk;

mtHfsJ J\;gpuNahfq;fs; Fwpj;J tprhhpg;gjw;Fkhd

nghwpKiwfis cUthf;fy;. cs;@H

mjpfhhpfSld; ,ize;jjhf ,yq;if ntspehl;Lg; gzpafk;

Ntiyj;jyq;fspy; jpBH Nrhjidfis elhj;jTk;> gzpahsHfspd;

v[khdHfspd; tPLfSf;Fr; nrd;W ,lH epiyapYs;s ,yq;if

tPl;Lg; gzpahsHfis $l;b tUtjw;Fkhd trjpfis mspg;gjw;F.

Gyk;ngaHe;j tPl;Lg; gzpahsHfSf;f rkj;JtkhdJk;> tphpthdJkhd

rl;lg; ghJfhg;ig toq;Fjy;.

○ gzpahw;Wk; Neuk;> Ntjdf; nfhLg;gdTfs;> rk;gsf; fopTfs;> Xa;T

ehl;fs;> Ntjdj;Jld; $ba tpLKiw ehl;fs; kw;Wk; njhopyhsH

el;l<L cl;gl Vida njhopyhsHfSf;F toq;fg;gLk; rl;lg;

ghJfhg;ig tPl;Lg; gzpahsHfSf;Fk; rkj;Jtkhf toq;Fk;

tifapy; njhopy; rl;lq;fis kPsikj;jy;.

○ rT+jp mNugpah> Fitj; kw;Wk; If;fpa muGfs; ,uhr;rpak;

vd;gtw;wpy; Gyk;ngaHe;j tPl;Lg; gzpahsHfsJ eyd;fs;

rk;ge;jg;gl;l nghWg;Gf;fis cs;ehl;L mikr;rpypUe;J njhopy;

mikr;rpw;F khw;Wjy;.

○ Gyk;ngaH tPl;Lg; gzpahsHfs; ehl;bw;Fs; mDkjpf;fg;glTk; kw;Wk;

gzpahw;Wtjw;F mjpfhuk; mspf;fg;gLtjw;Fkhd epge;jidahf

fHg;gg; ghpNrhjid elhj;Jtij epWj;JtJld; ,dtpUj;jp

me;j];jpyhd mbg;gilapd; Nghpy; ghugl;rq; fhl;Lk; FbtuTr;

rl;lq;fis ePf;Fjy;.

162

mDruizahsiu khw;Wtjw;F my;yJ Ntiy nfhs;Sk; ehl;bypUe;J

ntspNaWtjw;F Ntiy nfhs;Nthhpd; mDkjp Njitg;gLk;

mDruizaspg;Gr; rl;lj;ij rPHjpUj;jy;.

○ mDruizaspg;ig khw;Wtjw;F trjpaspj;jy;> cjhuzj;jpw;F

Ntiy nfhs;NthH Fwpj;Jg; gpuj;jpNafkhff; Fwpg;gplhky; jw;fhypf

njhopy; mbg;gilapyhd tprh mDkjpaspj;jy;> ,jd; %yk;

gzpahsHfs; Ntiy nfhs;Sk; ehl;by; rl;l me;j];ij ,of;fhky;

jq;fs; Ntiy nfhs;NthhplkpUe;J ,lk;khwp kw;nwhUthplk; gzp

nra;a KbAk;.

○ ehl;bw;Fj; jpUg;gpaDg;Gjy; jtpHf;f Kbahj re;jHg;gq;fspy; my;yJ

gzpahsH ,yq;iff;F kPs; jpUk;Gtjw;F tpUg;gg;gbd;>

ntspNaWtjw;fhd tprh mDkjpapy; mDruizahshpd; rk;kjj;jpd;

Njitapid ,y;yhjhf;fp Gyk;ngaH tPl;Lg; gzpahsHfs; tpiuthf

ehL jpUk;Gtjw;F trjpaspj;jy;.

eilKiwapYs;s Njrpa rl;lq;fis kPwp tPl;Lg; gzpahsHfis

Nkhrkhf elhj;Jk; Ntiy nfhs;NthH kw;Wk; njhopy; KftHfs; kPJ

fLikahd rl;l eltbf;if vLj;jy;.

○ tPl;Lg; gzpahsHfSf;nfjpuhf cly; hPjpahdJk; ghypay;

hPjpapyhdJkhd td;Kiwfs; GhpNthiu tprhhpj;J> tof;Fj;

njhLj;Jj; jz;bj;jy;.

○ eilKiwapYs;s Njrpa rl;lq;fis kPWk; fl;lha Ntiy kw;Wk;

Vida njhopy; chpikj; J\;gpuNahfq;fs; Nkw;nfhs;Nthiu

tprhhpj;J> tof;Fj; njhLj;Jj; jz;bj;jy;.

tPl;Lg; gzpahsHfSf;F ePjp Kiwikfis mZFtjw;fhd

topKiwfis mjpfhpj;jy;

○ tPl;Lg; gzpahsHfSf;nfjpuhd J\;gpuNahfq;fis ,dq;fz;L

tprhhpg;gjw;fhd gapw;rpiag; nghyprhUf;F toq;Fjy; kw;Wk;

mt;tpjkhd re;jHg;gq;fspy; vt;tpjk; gjpy; tpisitf; fhl;LtJ

vd;gjpyhd eilKiw xOq;Ffs; kw;Wk; nghUj;jkhd rpghhpRfis

toq;Fjy;. tPl;Lg; gzpahsHfspd; ,\;lj;jpw;nfjpuhf mtHfis

Nkhrkhd Kiwapy; elhj;Jk; Ntiy nfhs;Nthhplk; tPl;Lg;

gzpahsHfisj; jpUk;gTk; mDg;ghjpUg;gjd; Kf;fpaj;Jtk; gw;wp

nghyprhH kw;Wk; FbtuT mjpfhhpfSf;F mwpT+l;Ljy; vd;gJld;

Ntiy nfhs;NthH kw;Wk; njhopy; KftHfSf;nfjpuhf

Kiwg;ghLfisg; gjpT nra;tjw;fhd nray;Kiwfspy; ghpr;rak;

nfhz;ltHfs; vd;gij cWjp nra;jy;.

○ jLj;J itf;fg;gl;bUf;Fk; ,yq;ifg; Gyk;ngaH tPl;Lg; gzpahsHfs;

jq;fs; ehl;Lj; J}juf mjpfhhpfisr; re;jpg;gjw;fhd mtHfsJ

163

chpikfs; gw;wp cld; mwptpg;gJld; mt;tpjk; nra;tjw;fhd

trjpfSf;F topnra;J nfhLj;jy;.

○ tPl;Lg; gzpahsHfs; J\;gpuNahfk; Nkw;nfhz;l Ntiy

nfhs;NthUf;F vjpuhf epthuzq;fisf; Nfhhp eltbf;iffs;

vLf;ifapy; mtHfs; Ntiy nfhs;Sk; ehl;by; ,Ug;gjw;fhd tprh

mDkjpfis fpilf;fr; nra;jy;. ,e;j tprh mDkjpfSf;fhf tPl;Lg;

gzpahsHfsplk; fl;lzk; mwtply; $lhJ> tof;F eilngWk;

fhyg;gFjp tiu gzpahsHfis jLg;G Kfhk;fspy; jq;FkhW

my;yJ jq;Fkplq;fspy; milgl;bUf;FkhW gyte;jg;gLj;jy; $lhJ.

Gyk;ngaH tPl;Lg; gzpahsHfs; kPjhd J\;gpuNahfq;fis fz;fhzpj;J

gjpy; $Wtjw;fhd nghwpKiwia cUthf;fp gpd;tUk; Kiwfs; %yk;

Nkk;gLj;jy;

○ Ntjdf; nfhLg;gdtpd;ik> Vida njhopy; J\;gpuNahfq;fs; kw;Wk;

Fw;wtpay; Kiwg;ghl;Lr; rk;gtq;fSf;fhd epthuzq;fisg; ngw;Wf;

nfhs;Sk; toptiffs; kw;Wk; Kiwg;ghL nra;Ak; nghwpKiwfs;

vd;gtw;iw cUthf;fy;.

○ Ntiyj;jyq;fisf; fpukkhf ghpNrhjpj;jy;. Ntiy

nfhs;Nthhpw;nfjpuhf Kiwg;ghLfs; fpilf;fg; ngw;w tPLfSf;F

tp[aq;fis Nkw;nfhz;L> ,f;fs tp[aq;fspd; NghJ Gyk;ngaHe;J

te;J tPl;Lg; gzpGhpgtHfis jdpg;gl;l Kiwapy; NeHfhzy;.

○ rl;lj;ij kPWk; gpuirfs; kw;Wk; gpuirfsy;yhj Ntiy nfhs;NthH

kw;Wk; njhopy; KftHfs; Nky; epahakhd mguhjj;ij tpjpj;jy;.

NjitNaw;gbd; ,yq;if ntspehl;Lg; gzpafj;Jld; xUq;fpize;J

nraw;gly;.

ehl;by; cs;Eiotjw;Fk;> gzp nra;tjw;Fkhd mDkjpf;F XH

epge;jidahf Gyk; ngaH tPl;Lg; gzpahsHfs; kPjhd fl;lha vr;.I.tp

ghpNrhjidfspd; Njitf;fhd nfhs;iffis ,y;yhnjhopj;jy;.

midj;Jg; Gyk;ngaHe;j gzpahsHfs; kw;Wk; mtHfsJ FLk;gq;fsJ

chpikfisg; ghJfhf;Fk; cld;gbf;ifia (Gyk;ngaH njhopyhsH

cld;gbf;if) kw;Wk; rHtNjr njhopy; ];jhgdj;jpd; (ILO)

cld;gbf;iffis Vw;W rl;l mq;fPfhuk; toq;Fjy;. cld;gbf;ifapd;

gpufhuk; mwpf;ifapLk; Njitg;ghLfSld; ,zq;Fjy;.

If;fpa ehLfs; rigapd; Gyk;ngaHe;NjhHpd; kdpj chpikfs; kPjhd

tpNrl njhlHghl;lhsiu ehl;bw;F tp[ak; nra;J Gyk;ngaH tPl;Lg;

gzpahsHfs; epiyikfis mtjhdpf;Fk;gb miog;G tpLj;jy;.

164

rHtNjr njhopy; ];jhgdj;jpw;F (ILO)

tPl;Lg; gzpahsHfSf;fhd XH khjphp njhopy; xg;ge;jj;ij

toq;Fjy;. ,e;j khjphp njhopy; xg;ge;jj;ij muG nkhop> jkpo; kw;Wk;

rpq;fs nkhopfspy; nkhopngaHg;Gr; nra;J Gyk;ngau

vz;ZgtHfSf;F ,yFthf fpilf;Fk; tz;zk; nra;jy;.

rHtNjr njhopy; ];jhgd epakq;fs; njhlHghf Gyk;ngaH

gzpahsHfSf;F njhopy; chpikfs; mbg;gilapyhd fy;tpia toq;Fk;

cs;@H mikg;Gf;fSld; ,ize;J njhopy;El;gj; jpl;lq;fis

tphpthf;Ftjw;F gzpahw;wy;.

rHtNjr njhopy; epakq;fSf;Nfw;w cWjpahd tifapy; njhopy;

fl;Lg;ghLfs; kw;Wk; mKyhf;fy;fis tYg;gLj;Jtjw;fhd njhopy;El;g

kw;Wk; nkhop gw;wpa cjtpfis toq;Ftjw;F murhq;fq;fSld;

gzpahw;wy;.

Gyk;ngaHe;NjhH kdpj chpikfs; kPjhd If;fpa ehLfs;

rigapd; tpNrl njhlHghl;lhsUf;F

rHtNjr rl;lj;jpd; fPo; Gyk;ngaH tPl;Lg; gzpahsHfsJ chpikfisr;

rpj;jhpj;Jf; fhl;Ljy; cl;gl Gyk;ngaH tPl;Lg; gzpahsHfs; mDgtpf;Fk;

epiyikfs; kPjhdNjhH tpNrl mwpf;ifia ntspaply;.

,yq;if> rT+jp mNugpah> Fitj;> nygdhd; kw;Wk;�my;yJ If;fpa

muGfs; ,uhr;rpak; vd;gtw;Wf;F Gyk;ngaH tPl;Lg; gzpahsHfsJ

epiyikfisf; fz;lwpe;J tprhhpg;gjw;fhd tp[aq;fis

Nkw;nfhs;tJld; rPHjpUj;jq;fSf;fhd ghpe;JiufisAk; toq;Fjy;.

[g;ghd; rHtNjr $l;LwT KftH (JICA)> Mrpa mgptpUj;jp

tq;fp (ADB)> cyf tq;fp> rHtNjr mgptpUj;jpf;fhd If;fpa

mnkhpf;f KftH (USAID) kw;Wk; RtPb\; rHtNjr

mgptpUj;jpf; $l;LwT KftH (SIDA) cl;gl;l rHtNjr

ed;nfhilahsHfSf;F:

Gyk;ngaH tPl;Lg; gzpahsHfSf;fhd MNyhrid Kaw;rpfs; kw;Wk;

NritfSf;fhf cs;@H mur rhHgw;w ];jhgdq;fs; kw;Wk; Vida rptpy;

r%fq;fSf;Ff; $Ljyhd epjp kw;Wk; epWtd hPjpapyhd Mjhuj;ij

toq;Fjy;.

165

Gyk;ngaHtjw;F vz;Zk; ngz;fSf;F Gyk;ngaHjYf;fhd nryTfis

jhq;ff; $ba tifapy; kpfTk; rhjfkhd tl;b tPjj;jpyhd rpWfld;

jpl;lq;fSf;F $Ljy; epjp toq;fy;.

,yq;ifapy; epiyahd tUkhdk; <l;Lk; eltbf;iffis mgptpUj;jp

nra;Ak; nray; jpl;lq;fs; mj;Jld; ngz;fs; kw;Wk; AtjpfSf;fhd

njhopy; gapw;rp> njhopy;El;gj; jpwd; gapw;rp kw;Wk; fy;tp epfo;r;rp Nghd;w

ngz;fSf;fhd cs;@H njhopy; cgha khHf;fq;fSf;fhf ePz;lfhy

mbg;gilapy; epjp trjpaspj;jy;.

kPs;jpUk;gpa Gyk;ngaHe;j ngz;fs; epiyahd Ranjhopy;fshf

rpWnjhopy; nray; jpl;lq;fis Muk;gpg;gjw;fhd rpWfld; jpl;lq;fSf;F

epjp trjpaspj;jy;.

166

VII. ed;wpAiu

kdpj chpikfs; fz;fhzpg;gfj;jpd; ngz;fs; chpikfs; gFjpapYs;s n[dpgH

NldH (Jennifer Truner)> MjH n`y;ld; ngy;Nyh (Arthur Helton

Fellow) vd;NghH> MrphpaH kw;Wk; ngz;fs; chpikfs; gphptpd; rpNu\;l

Ma;thsH ep\h thpahTld; (Nisha Varia) elhj;jpa Ma;Tfspd;

mbg;gilapy; ,e;j mwpf;ifia vOjpdhH. ep\h thpah@ ngz;fs; chpikfs;

gphptpd; mg;Nghija epiwNtw;W gzpg;ghsH yhN\hd; MH. n[gHrd;

(LaShawn R Jefferson)@ ngz;fs; chpikfs; gphptpd; gjpy; epiwNtw;W

gzpg;ghsH n[dl; Nthy;]; (Janet Walsh)@ kj;jpa fpof;F kw;Wk; tl

Mgphpf;fh gphpTfSf;fhd cjtp gzpg;ghsH N[h ];Nuhf; (Joe Stork)@

kj;jpa fpof;F kw;Wk; tl Mgphpf;fhtpd; fpwp];Nlhg; tpy;fp (Christoph

Wilcke) kw;Wk; ebk; N`hhp (Nadim Houry)@ Mrpah gphptpd; rhUyjh

n`hf; (Charu Lata Hogg)@ rl;l kw;Wk; nfhs;if gzpg;ghsH N[k;];

nuh]; (James Ross)@ kw;Wk; jpl;l mYtyf cjtp gzpg;ghsH md;l;;&

Nkhrd; (Andrew Mawson)@ MfpNahH mwpf;ifia kPsha;T nra;jdH.

Nur;ry; N[f;fg;rd; (Rachel Jacobson)> vkpyp myd; (Emily Allen)>

md;l;hpah N`hyp (Andrea Holley)> N[h]; khHl;bd;]; (Jose

Martinez) kw;Wk; gpl;];Nuha; n`g;fpd;]; (Fizroy Hepkins)

MfpNahH jahhpg;G cjtpfis ey;fpdH. kpr;Nry; Uj; fk;NgHl; (Michele

Ruth Gamburd) kw;Wk; Nltpl; nrha;rh (David Soyza)

tiugwpf;ifapy; gad;kpf;f Fwpg;Gf;fis ey;fpdH.

kdpj chpikfs; fz;fhzpg;gfk;> ,e;j Ma;tpw;F cjtpaspj;j jdpg;gl;l

gyUf;Fk; kw;Wk; ];jhgdq;fSf;Fk; ed;wpAilajhf cs;sJ. NeHfhzy;fis

Nkw; nfhs;tjw;fhd Vw;ghLfspy; mtHfsJ xj;jhirfs;> njhlHGfis

je;Jjtpaik my;yJ mtrpakhd jfty;fis Rl;bf;fhl;baik Nghd;wtw;wpy;>

tpNrlkhf Gyk;ngaH Nritfs; epiyaj;jpd; Nltpl; nrha;rh@ Njrpa

njhopyhsH fhq;fpurpd; n[uhy;l; nyhl;tpf; (Gerald Lodwick)@ rHtNjr

njhopy; xUikg;ghl;Lf;fhd mnkhpf;f epiyaj;;;;jpd; kNdhhp tpj;jhud

(Manori Witharana)@ ngz;fs; kw;Wk; Clf xd;wpaj;jpd; FKjpdp

rhKNty; (Kumudini Samuel) kw;Wk; Nrg;ghyp nfhl;Nlnfhl (Sepali

Kottegoda)@ Gyk;ngaH gzpahsHfSf;fhd nray; tiyaikg;G

(ACTFORM) ,d; tanyl; ngNuuh (Violet Perera)@ rpwpyjh MHaul;d

(Srilatha Aryaratne)@ mUl; rNfhjhp VQ;ryh (Sister Angela)@

mUl; rNfhjhp ,k;khf;FNyl; (Sister Immaculate)@ kw;Wk; Gyk;ngaH

gzpahsHfSf;fhd rq;fq;fspd; gpuNjr xUq;fpizg;ghsHfs;

ghj;jpkh> ,e;jpuhzp> re;jpuh> yf;\;kp> mkhyp> nry;yj;Jiu> uh[;FkhH>

`d;rkhyh kw;Wk; kq;fypf;fh MfpNahUf;Fk; vq;fs; ed;wpfs;

chpj;jhfl;Lk;. ,yq;if ntspehl;L Ntiytha;g;G gzpafj;jpd; vy;.Nf.

167

U`_ZNf (L.K. Ruhunuge) kw;Wk; mNdhkh uhkehaf;f (Anoma

Ramanayake) MfpNahUf;Fk; vq;fsJ tpNrlkhd ed;wpfisj;

njhptpf;fpd;Nwhk;. ciu ngaHg;gjpy; vkf;Fjtpa J\;ae;jpdp

fdfrghgjpg;gps;is kw;Wk; vk;.vk; rhah jpyf;\p MfpNahUf;Fk; vq;fs;

ed;wpfs; chpj;jhfl;Lk;.

,e;j mwpf;iff;fhd NeHfhzy;fSf;F rk;kjpj;j ngz;fs; midtUf;Fk;

vq;fsJ ,jaG+Htkhd ed;wpfisj; njhptpj;Jf; nfhs;fpd;Nwhk;. jq;fsJ

mDgtq;fis gfpHe;J nfhs;tjpy; mtHfs; fhl;ba cld;ghL ,e;j mwpf;if

cUthtij rhj;jpakhf;fpaJ.

kdpj chpikfs; fz;fhzpg;gfj;jpd; ngz;fs; chpikfs; gphpT> epjpAjtpfs;

mspj;j MHNfbah (Arcadia)> nkhiuah epjp (The Moriah Fund)> Xf;

gTz;Nlrd; (The Oak Foundation)> ];nlhprhd;l; gTz;Nlrd; (The

Streisand Foundation)> ghq;fp – yNuhf;fp gTz;Nlrd; (The

Bankey-LaRocque Foundation)> \_dH gTz;Nlrd; (The

Schooner Foundation)> N[f;fg; kw;Wk; `py;lh gpsh];bd; gTz;Nlrd;

(The Jacob and Gilda Blaustein Foundation)> Gnuhf;

Fnwhrpq; gTz;Nlrd; (The Frog Crossing Foundation)>

ngz;fSf;fhd rpf;fhf;Nfh gTz;Nlrd; (The Chicago Foundation

for Women)> fpwgH FLk;g gTz;Nlrd; (The Gruber Family

Foundation) kw;Wk; ngz;fs; chpikfs; gphptpd; MNyhrid rig

cWg;gpdHfs; MfpNahUf;Fk; jdJ kdkhHe;j ed;wpawpjy;fis njhptpf;fpd;wJ.