Ntsayka Ikanum – Our Story LESSON 2

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REVIEW OF PREVIOUS LESSON What is a Tribe?A group of indigenous people that share similar cultural, social, political, and/or economic characteristics.

What is a Band?A group of native people joined in a common purpose; to unite as a group – the band is usually a smaller part of a tribe.

What is a Native American/American Indian?refers to an indigenous person of any global place - an enrolled member, member, or descendent of a Tribe – also known as Indian

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Check for understanding:

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What is a Tribe?

a. A group of people in South America.

b.A group of indigenous people that share similar cultural, social, political, and/or economic characteristics.

c. A type of food.d.None of the above.

Who are the Confederated Tribes of Grand Ronde?

►The Ancestors of the Confederated Tribes of the Grand Ronde Community of Oregon inhabited Oregon’s inland valleys and parts of the coast since time immemorial before white settlers arrived.

►More than 30 Tribes and Bands were gathered from Western Oregon, Southwestern Washington, and Northern California and removed to the Reservation after signing 7 treaties from 1853-1855.

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How long have Tribes been in Oregon?The Tribes were here since time immemorial (before European contact).

►At least 14,500 years based on oral traditions

►At least 14,300 years based on archaeological record

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Discussion Question: What changes occurred because of European contact?

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The Removal of Tribes

Pre-Termination Lesson 2

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Removal of Tribes 1855-1857

• Tribes were relocated to the Grand Ronde Indian Reservation.

• A reservation is land held for special use, in this case a place for Indians.

• The Grand Ronde Indians were taken by horse, wagon, and steam boat, but mostly by foot.

• The most memorable of these relocations is what the Tribal community today calls “Grand Ronde’s Trail of Tears.”

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Grand Ronde’s Trail of Tears

• Native people were gathered up near Ft. Lane, at the base of Table Rock (near present day Medford) and forced to march during the winter months beginning February 23 through March 25, 1856, to the Grand Ronde Indian Reservation.

• The march was over 30 days long.

• During this march 8 people died and 8 babies were born, so the military officers supervising the march were able to state that “they had arrived with the number of people they had left with.” 9

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Photo of Table Rock

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Gertrude Mercier and Martha Jane Sands (left to right) were on the Grand Ronde Trail of Tears

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The Hudson Family was on the Grand Ronde Trail of Tears

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Solomon Riggs was on the Grand Ronde Trail of Tears

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Jenny Riggs was on the Grand Ronde Trail of Tears

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Discussion Questions/Journaling• What would it be like to be taken from your

home permanently and forced to go to a reservation?

• How would you react to being told that you could not leave the reservation or talk with any of your family or friends outside of the reservation?

• What changes did these Native Americans have to make? 16

The Grand Ronde Reservation

• The Reservation was begun by treaty arrangements in 1854 and 1855 and established by Executive Order on June 30, 1857.• The original Reservation contained more than 60,000

acres. • The Reservation was located on the eastern side of the

coast range on the headwaters of the South Yamhill River, about 60 miles southwest of Portland and about 25 miles from the ocean.

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Early Reservation• Ft. Yamhill was

established and manned by the U.S. Army.

• The soldiers were responsible for keeping Indians on the Reservation and white settlers off the Reservation.

• It contained about 30 Tribes and bands.

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Reservation Life• There were few jobs at

the Reservation; Indians were paid ½ wages.• Many people left the

Reservation to work in agriculture.• Many men worked in

logging.• Others worked in hops

and bean fields.• Others worked in

canneries.

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Reservation Life• Tribal members

adapted to the changing times.• Many intertribal

marriages took place.• Tribal people now

have relations at nearly all Reservations in Oregon.

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Reservation Life

• Tribal people participate in traditional activities.

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BINGO

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Closing: The next lesson will…

•Discuss the 5 principle Tribes that make up the Confederated Tribes of Grand Ronde and review Grand Ronde’s early Tribal Leaders.

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