NT brief, brief overview

For CSC 302

Ching-Wan Yip

OS

Run applications?

Scenerio

Medium size organization (200-20,000 users) clients

85% Wintel (NTWS, 95, 3.x, DOS), 10% UNIX boxes, 5% diehard Mac addicts

Servicesfile, print sharing, user, software access controlmedium load web serving, mail, IP/DNS, applications

server (Notes, RealAudio, R/3, Oracle, Backup, HelpDesk whatever)

Remote access, fax server, proxy, order, customer database

It works, 90+% uptime, 24-7 support

Criteria

General purpose only, not formulti-users, non-backend server side

application3D animationHuge databaseSciViz, calculation

Options

MacOS/BeOS

Novell

UNIXSolaris, AIX, HP-UX, Digital UNIX, Irix, Linux, BSD...

NT

Why?

OS cost cheaper than expensive UNIX? UNIX admin. is very expensive

Vs UNIX4/8processors SMP out of the box, up to 32 OEMx86 in practice mostly 2,4,6,8, 10 CPU2G RAM 32-bit flat addressing in 3.5x?, 4G in 4.02G app/2G kernel in 3.5x; 3G app/1G kernel in

Enterprise NT, 32G in 5.0 using VLM “Very Large Memory” in Alpha and Intel “Merced”

2 server clustering failover in 4.0 Enterprise~25,000 users in domain

Iris 6.x, HP-UX 11.x, Digital UNIX 4.x full 64-bitSolaris 2.6, upcoming AIX 4.3 partial 64Linux 64-bit on 64-bit platform?

Platforms

Intel x86DEC Alphadefuncted - PowerPC, MIPS

workstation, server, enterprise

Login - Ctrl-Alt-Delete

logon

Just like 95?

Same Program manager/file manager as 95

for a $4000 for 25 client OS

NOS

Mainly a NOS for file/print sharing, user management, DHCP/WINS, browsing

“Built-in”

can also be remote dial-in server, ftp, gopher, DNS server, routing

IIS web server (index, management, FrontPage)

Directory, Message Queue (MSMQ), media streaming (NetShow), Transcation (MTS), Clustering (MSCS)

Applications Platform BackOffice 2.5

NT Server 4.0 w/ Internet Information Server (IIS) 3.0

Proxy Server 1.0SQL Server 6.5 Exchange Server 5.0 Systems Management Server (SMS) 1.2SNA Server 3.0

Site Server, Commerce Internet Servermanagement, personalization

Setup/license Per seat/server

Role in the network

PDC, BDC, server

Domain modellogin required to gain access to resourcesSingle domain model

Accounts

vs. UNIX /etc/passwdDifferent rolessecurity identifier (SID)

group security identifiers(group SIDs)

S-1-5-21-76965814-1898335404-322544488-1001

User Manager

User control

User policylogin scriptWho can do what

Services

Vs UNIX daemons

Network Services

Name services

DHCP - Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol WINS - Windows Internet Name Service DNS - Domain Name System

Services managers

Login

Print sharing

Serve different clientsvs UNIX lpd model

File sharing

vs UNIX’s NFSor Samba (UNIX pretends to be NT)

File System

NTFS, FAT (no FAT32 until NT5 next year), HPFS (3.5x)

no security etc. on FATNTFS 16EB (2e64) b-tree, FAT 4G

(2e32) linked list, RAID supportUniversal Naming Convention (UNC)

Names\\server\share\subdirectory\filename

File permissions

chmod ugoa +/-rwxs

Replication

directory

Disk/Network/Backup

monitoring

vs top

Monitoring - Event

Admin. Friendly?

/etc/init*, win.inistill Windows

Rock solid?

Still crash - Blue Screen of Dealth (BSOD)

Some configuration changes requires reboot, or command prompt

rebuild disksdrivers - OEM specific

HCLSP1,2,3… buggy?

Architecture

kernel

3.51 vs 4.0

modular

Subsystems32-bit NT and most 32-bit 95 apps

Windows 16-bit - DOS, Windows 3.x OS/2 - 16-bit character based apps on

x86 POSIX - IEEE 1003.1 apps compiled

under NT

Interprocess Communication (IPC)

Named Pipes File Systems (NPFS)· Mailslots File Systems (MSFS)· NetBIOS· Windows Sockets· Remote Procedure Calls (RPC)· Network Dynamic Data Exchange (Net

DDE) 4.0 distributed component object model (DCOM)

builds on remote procedure call (RPC)

5.0 COM+ DNA

others

Preemptive multitasking, performance tuningmemory managementsecurity - C2, auditinglocalization - unicodefault-tolerance - RAID, UPS supportcompatibility - no DOS, OS/2, WindowsPortability, Scalability, Reliability Architecture - HAL, kernel