Understanding Quality Issues in Building Construction Tope Arowolo August 2015

What is Quality

The totality of features and characteristics of a product or service that bear on its ability to satisfy stated or implied needs

It’s a measure of excellence or state of being free from defects, deficiencies and significant variations. This is brought about by strict and consistence to certain standards to achieve uniformity in all stages of construction methodology to satisfy implied needs

Talk Quality Talk Specification

Quality in building construction

≡Adherence to specification for Building and Road Works

Specifications provides guidance to the site engineers, designers, architectures, implementers,

contractors etc to achieve good quality materials and adoption of

correct working procedures

Quality concrete a requisite for quality construction

o The strength of concrete largely depends upon the quality of materials and water content

Concrete

Sand

Cement

Water

Aggregate

Manifestation of Poor Quality

Poor Qualit

y

Incorrectly made

construction joints

Incorrect steel

placement

Inadequate reinforceme

nt cover

Grout leakage

Poor compaction

Segregation

Poor curing

Inadequate reinforceme

nt cover

Incorrect Steel Placement

Can result into inadequate cover

Corrosion of reinforcement

If bars are wrongly placed collapse may occur

Inadequate Reinforcement Cover

Ingress of moisture, gases and other substances

Cracking of concrete

Incorrectly made Construction Joint• Main faults in joints are due to poor construction &

compartment

• Old concrete should be washed, a layer of new concrete laid before pouring is continued

Good Construction joints should allow for expansion

Grout Leakage

This occurs where formwork do not fit together

Results in a porous area of concrete with little or no cement

All joints should be properly sealed

Poor compaction.

Bad compactment Honey-comb concrete

Complete compaction is essential to give a dense,

impermeable concrete

Concrete Segregation

Segregation results in uneven concrete texture, or porous concrete in some cases

Other Bad Practices leading to Quality issues

Not Removing impurities from an impure sand

Using weathered sand for construction

Incorrect and uneven aggregate sizes

Recommended Best Practice in Building Construction1/2

Continuous training and development for core professionals and artisans (to keep members of the building industry abreast with new trends in construction.)

Construction work should only be carried out by licensed and registered professionals (architects, engineers, builders, town planners, surveyors etc)

Regulatory authorities to facilitate monitoring and quality control of projects during and after construction.

Stringent penalties should be applied for those responsible for collapse of buildings

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Recommended Best Practice in Building Construction 2/2

For any structure more than a bungalow, a structural engineer must be involved

Regular audit of defective structures must be carried out (such structures should be demolished before it causes havoc)

Public enlightenment by government and its agencies

Government should provide enabling law for effective control of artisans and craftsmen in the building industry.

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Lafarge is present in Nigeria since 2001…

Lafarge’s Growing Presence in Nigeria

Ashakacem1 plant in Gombe State: 1.0 Mt

Sagamu: 1.0 Mt

Ewekoro 1: 1.2 Mt

Atlas 1 cement import terminal in Port Harcourt

72% stake in Unicem: Calabar:2.5 Mt, started in 2009

Ewekoro 2: 2.2 Mt, Q3, 2011

Wapco (in Ogun state)

Start of a new line in 2003 Strong acceleration of our

development in the recent years

… through the acquisition of Blue Circle Industries (BCI)

2014 : Lafarge has 30% market share 2018: our capacity will reach approx 14 Mt to capture market growth

In Lafarge ….. We have a Commitment to Health and Safety

Hard Hat

Safety Glasses

Safety Footwear

High Visibility Clothing

Hand Gloves

Mandatory PPEs

Health and Safety of our Stakeholders is a priority

Our Service Offering & Product Portfolio

Services OfferingA wide range of advisory services on all

aspects of use and application of cement.

Comprehensive technical support to customers with practical experience on cement and concrete technology.

Concrete Mix Designs Optimization

Offers Materials and Concrete Testing Opportunities

Development of Site Concrete Quality Management System

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Slump test on site

General Purpose Cement

Flagship Brand……Since 1960

……brands of impeccable standard. Resonates quality, power, maturity, resilience, durability and reliability. It has consistently won the NIS Certificate for product quality by the Nigerian Standard Organisation for over two decades now.

• Consistent Quality• Assurance

(heritage)

Specially Formulated Cement for Block-making &

Precast

Early Setting, Early Strength & Unique Latter

Strength

Cement for Block making & Precast

• Premium Technical Cement • Designed for high grade concrete

users desirous of top performance;

• Heavy Construction• Lower heat of hydration • High workability• Environmental friendly ( less co2

emission)

Cement for High Grade Concrete Application

ETEX• Specific Application Cement

Production of roofing sheets by the Etex group (Nigerite, Eternite & Emenite)

Supervised general building components

Special form of CEM II with close properties to CEM I

30 tons Bulk Tanker on weighing bridge

Special Application Cement

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• Road Binder Cement• Soil Stabilization for Road

Construction• Suitability for different soil

conditions

December, 2012

Special Application Cement

*Available in 30tons Bulker & 2 tons Jumbo bags (B2B)

• Cement suitable in areas with large water bodies

• Has capacity to resist sulphate attack

• CEM I 42.5N• Assurance against sulphate

attack• High comprehensive strength• Low heat of hydration

Special Application Cement - SulfaCrete

*Available only in 2 tons Jumbo bags (B2B)

2 tons Jumbo Bags

Cement Types and Application in Concrete

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Cement Types Concrete Types Applications

CEM 11 32.5 C15 Blinding Purposes/Non Load Bearing

CEM 11 32.5 C20Ground Floor of Area of Low TrafficWalkwaysSlabs

CEM 11 32.5 C30

Heavy Traffic Ground FloorBeams,Column,SlabsFoundation, Pillars, WallsCanal Precast ElementFence, Pipes

CEM 11 42.5 C40

Skyscrapers FoundationBridges Structural ComponentsDams, Pipes, CanalsPilingFoundation for Bridges

Cement Applications

Footing/Foundation

Column Floor Slab

Mortar (CHB-Laying)

Beam

Plastering Floor Topping

Concrete Pavement

Gutter & Drainage

Lean Concrete Soil Stabilization

Types of (vertical) structures built

Single 2 storey Bungalow Duplex

Apartments Low/Mid Rise

Residential

High Rise Residential

Commercial Institutional

Individual Home Building

Non IHB Residential

Non residential

Primarily by IHBs

Formal Contractor

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