NPAFC international NPAFC international cooperative research cooperative research designates the distribution of designates the distribution of Asian and North American Asian and North American chum salmon stocks in the chum salmon stocks in the Bering Sea and North Pacific Bering Sea and North Pacific OceanOcean

Unimak Island

Shigehiko Urawa National Salmon Resources Center　 Sapporo, Japan

Tomonori Azumaya, Hokkaido National Fisheries Research Institute, Japan

Penny Crane, U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service, Anchorage, USA

Jim Seeb, ADF&G, Anchorage, USA

Lisa Seeb, ADF&G, Anchorage, USA

Dick Wilmot, NMFS, Auke Bay, USA

Syuiti Abe, Hokkaido Univ., Hakodate, Japan

Coauthors

The North Pacific Anadromous Fish Commission (NPAFC) was established to promote the conservation of anadromous Pacific salmon stocks in the ocean.

One of its principal activities is international cooperative research by member countries (Canada, Japan, Korea, Russia, and USA).

NPAFC cooperative research on the genetic stock identification (GSI) to determine the distribution and migration of Pacific salmon in the Bering Sea is ongoing with a financial support from the North Pacific Research Board (NPRB Project #R0303).

NPAFC Cooperative Genetic Research

PURPOSE

Determine the origin of chum salmon caught in the Bering Sea and North Pacific Ocean by genetic and otolith marks

Estimate the marine distribution and biomass of chum salmon by stocks

METHODS Fish were caught by 1-h trawl

(5 knots) at 63 stations in the Bering Sea and North Pacific Ocean during August and September 2003.

Tissue samples were collected from chum salmon (n=2294), and run for 20 allozyme loci to estimate the stock composition of mixtures.

Otoliths were collected from chum salmon (n=2803), and examined for mark pattern to determine the hatchery origin.

Reporting Regions of Chum Salmon for Genetic Stock Identification (GSI) in

Mixture Fisheries

160W 140W180 160E140E 120W

40N

50N

60N

1

23

45

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

ASIA (44 stocks)1. Japan (29 stocks)2. Sakhalin (3 stocks)3. Premorye (1 stock)4. Amur (1 stock)5. Northern Russia (10 stocks)

NORTH AMERICA (84 stocks) 6. NW Alaska summer (16 stocks) 7. Fall Yukon (7 stocks) 8. Alaska Peninsula/Kodiak (40 stocks) 9. Susitna (1 stock)10. Prince William Sound (4 stocks)11. SE Alaska/North BC (8 stocks)12. South BC/Washington (8 stocks)

Stock estimates Estimates were made to individual 128 stocks by using the Statistical Package for Analyzing Mixture (SPAM) with 1,000 bootstrap resamplings, and then pooled to regional stock groups.

Simulation studies indicated that most reporting regions showed greater than 90% accurate when true group contributions were 100%.

Bathymetry and Sampling Locations in the Bering Sea and North Pacific Ocean

Sampling gear:

Surface trawl net

(approximately 50 m in width & depth)

Kaiyo maru

020406080

100120140160180

Mea

n C

PU

E

Chum Sockeye Pink Chinook Coho

Bering Sea North Pacific

Mean CPUE of Pacific Salmon in the Bering Sea and Adjacent North Pacific OceanAugust/September 2003CPUE = number of catches per 1 h trawl

CPUE Distribution of Chum Salmon August/September 2003CPUE = number of catches per 1 h trawl

170W180 170E

50N

60N

160E 160W

55N

Bering Sea

North Pacific Ocean

150W 140W

X

600

300

100

10

0

x

x

x

x

Percent Composition of Maturing and Immature Chum Salmon. August/September 2003

170W180 170E

50N

60N

160W

55N

150W 140W

North Pacific Ocean

Bering Sea

175E 175W 165W 155W 145W

n=120

n=84

n=31

n=29

n=56

n=120

n=120

n=84

n=60

n=117

n=120

n=120

n=94

n=58

n=104

n=120

n=120

n=60 n=60

n=69

n=103

n=84

n=112

n=79

n=60

n=80

n=25

Maturingfish

Immaturefish

170W180 170E

50N

60N

160W

55N

150W 140W

North Pacific Ocean

Bering Sea

175E 175W 165W 155W 145W

n=120

n=84

n=30

n=29

n=118

n=118

n=116

n=83

n=60

n=113

n=119

n=119

n=93

n=56

n=103

n=120

n=120

n=57

n=103

n=60

n=69

n=66

n=112

n=79

n=60

n=66

n=24

Continental Origins of Immature Chum Salmon estimated by GSIAugust/September 2003

Asia North America

170W180 170E

50N

60N

160W

55N

150W 140W

North Pacific Ocean

Bering Sea

175E 175W 165W 155W 145W

GSI-estimated CPUE Distribution of Immature Chum Salmon Stock: JapanCPUE = number of catches per 1 h trawl

X

100

50

10

0

GSI-estimated CPUE Distribution of Immature Chum Salmon Stock: RussiaCPUE = number of catches per 1 h trawl

170W180 170E

50N

60N

160W

55N

150W 140W

North Pacific Ocean

Bering Sea

175E 175W 165W 155W 145W

X

100

50

10

0

GSI-estimated CPUE Distribution of Immature Chum Salmon Stock: Fall YukonCPUE = number of catches per 1 h trawl

170W180 170E

50N

60N

160W

55N

150W 140W

North Pacific Ocean

Bering Sea

175E 175W 165W 155W 145W

Yukon River

X

25

10

5

0

GSI-estimated CPUE Distribution of Immature Chum Salmon Stock: Northwest Alaska SummerCPUE = number of catches per 1 h trawl

170W180 170E

50N

60N

160W

55N

150W 140W

North Pacific Ocean

Bering Sea

175E 175W 165W 155W 145W

X

25

10

5

0

GSI-estimated CPUE Distribution of Immature Chum Salmon Stock: Alaska Peninsula & Kodiak Island

170W180 170E

50N

60N

160W

55N

150W 140W

North Pacific Ocean

Bering Sea

175E 175W 165W 155W 145W

X

25

10

5

0

GSI-estimated CPUE Distribution of Immature Chum Salmon Stock: Prince William Sound (PWS)CPUE = number of catches per 1 h trawl

170W180 170E

50N

60N

160W

55N

150W 140W

North Pacific Ocean

Bering Sea

175E 175W 165W 155W 145W

X

25

10

5

0

X

X

GSI-estimated CPUE Distribution of Immature Chum Salmon Stock: Southeast Alaska & North BC

170W180 170E

50N

60N

160W

55N

150W 140W

North Pacific Ocean

Bering Sea

175E 175W 165W 155W 145W

X

25

10

5

0

X

GSI-estimated CPUE Distribution of Immature Chum Salmon Stock: South BC & WashingtonCPUE = number of catches per 1 h trawl

170W180 170E

50N

60N

160W

55N

150W 140W

North Pacific Ocean

Bering Sea

175E 175W 165W 155W 145W

X

25

10

5

0

X

Number of otolith-marked chum salmon fry released from hatcheries

0

100

200

300

400

500

1998 1999 2000 2001 2002

J apan Russia USA

Brood Year

Million

s

NPAFC Salmon Mark WG database

170W180 170E

50N

60N

160W

55N

150W 140W

North Pacific Ocean

Bering Sea

175E 175W 165W 155W 145W

Distribution of Otolith-marked Immature Chum Salmon August/September 2003

Japan Russia Gastineau

Hidden Falls

W.H. Noerenberg

Stock-Specific Ocean Distribution in Summer/FallJapanese stock is distributed in the central Bering Sea. Russian stock has a similar distribution as Japanese, but also spread in the North Pacific.Northwestern Alaska stocks are distributed mainly in the eastern North Pacific waters.Alaska Peninsula/Kodiak stock is widely distributed in the Bering Sea and North Pacific.Southeastern Alaska/north BC stock appears in the eastern North Pacific and south Bering Sea.

SUMMARY

Abundance of food organismsInteractions within or among

speciesOcean conditions (water

temperature, salinity, depth, current etc.)

Timing and location of spawning Winter habitat

Factors affecting the ocean distributions of salmon

The present research is funded by the North Pacific Research Board and the Fisheries Agency of Japan.

Acknowledgements

Thanks!!