NP 49 RECORD OF AMENDMENTS The table below is to record Section IV Notices to Mariners amendments affecting this volume. Sub paragraph numbers in the margin of the body of the book are to assist the user when making amendments to this volume. Weekly Notices to Mariners (Section IV) 2006 2007 2008 2009 IMPORTANT − SEE RELATED ADMIRALTY PUBLICATIONS This is one of a series of publications produced by the United Kingdom Hydrographic Office which should be consulted by users of Admiralty Charts. The full list of such publications is as follows: Notices to Mariners (Annual, permanent, temporary and preliminary), Chart 5011 (Symbols and abbreviations), The Mariner’s Handbook (especially Chapters 1 and 2 for important information on the use of UKHO products, their accuracy and limitations), Sailing Directions (Pilots), List of Lights and Fog Signals, List of Radio Signals, Tide Tables and their digital equivalents. All charts and publications should be kept up to date with the latest amendments.
NP49 Mediterranean Pilot Volume VRECORD OF AMENDMENTS
The table below is to record Section IV Notices to Mariners
amendments affecting this volume. Sub paragraph numbers in the
margin of the body of the book are to assist the user when making
amendments to this volume.
Weekly Notices to Mariners (Section IV)
2006 2007 2008 2009
IMPORTANT − SEE RELATED ADMIRALTY PUBLICATIONS This is one of a
series of publications produced by the United Kingdom Hydrographic
Office which should be consulted by users of Admiralty Charts. The
full list of such publications is as follows:
Notices to Mariners (Annual, permanent, temporary and preliminary),
Chart 5011 (Symbols and abbreviations), The Mariner’s Handbook
(especially Chapters 1 and 2 for important information on the use
of UKHO products, their accuracy and limitations), Sailing
Directions (Pilots), List of Lights and Fog Signals, List of Radio
Signals, Tide Tables and their digital equivalents.
All charts and publications should be kept up to date with the
latest amendments.
NP 49
MEDITERRANEAN PILOT
VOLUME V
Coasts of Libya, Egypt, Israel, Lebanon and Syria, South coasts of
Greek islands
from Kríti to Ródos and Turkey with the island of Cyprus.
NINTH EDITION 2005
ii
Crown Copyright 2005
To be obtained from Agents for the sale of Admiralty Charts and
Publications
Copyright for some of the material in this publication is owned by
the authority
named under the item and permission for its reproduction must be
obtained from the owner.
Area formerly covered by Mediterranean Pilot Volume II:
First published 1877. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . Second Edition 1885. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . Third Edition 1895. . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Fourth Edition 1905. . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Mediterranean Pilot Volume V:
First published 1915. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . Second Edition 1925. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . Third Edition 1937. . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Fourth Edition 1950. . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Fifth Edition
1961. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Sixth Edition 1976. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . Sixth Edition (Revised) 1988. . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . Seventh Edition 1999. . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Eighth Edition 2002. . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
iii
PREFACE
The Ninth Edition of Mediterranean Pilot Volume V has been revised
by Lieutenant Commander P. Jordan, Royal Navy and T.C. Harrison,
Master Mariner and contains the latest information received by the
United Kingdom Hydrographic Office to the date given below.
Information received or assessed after that date will be included
in Admiralty Notices to Mariners where appropriate. If in doubt,
see The Mariner’s Handbook for details of what Admiralty Notices to
Mariners are and how to use them.
This edition supersedes the Eighth Edition (2002), which is
cancelled.
Information on climate and currents has been based on data provided
by the Met Office, Exeter.
The following sources of information, other than United Kingdom
Hydrographic Office Publications and Ministry of Defence papers,
have been consulted:
Greece
Charts
Turkey
Other publications
Greek Waters Pilot (9th edition) 2004, Rod Heikell (Imray, Laurie,
Norie and Wilson Limited) Turkish Waters and Cyprus Pilot (6th
edition) 2001, Rod Heikell (Imray, Laurie, Norie and Wilson
Limited) Fairplay Ports and Terminals Guide 2005−2006 The
Statesman’s Yearbook 2005 Ports of the World 2005 Port Handbooks
produced by Port Authorities
Dr D W Williams United Kingdom National Hydrographer
The United Kingdom Hydrographic Office Admiralty Way Taunton
Somerset TA1 2DN England 17th November 2005
iv
PREFACE to the Seventh Edition (1999)
The Seventh Edition of Mediterranean Pilot Volume V has been
prepared by Captain K.J. Bolden, Master Mariner, and P.C.
McManaway, Master Mariner, and contains the latest information
received by the United Kingdom Hydrographic Office to the date
given below.
This edition supersedes the Sixth Edition 1976 (Revised 1988) and
Supplement No 4 (1997), which are cancelled.
Information on climate and currents has been based on data provided
by the Meteorological Office, Bracknell.
The following sources of information, other than United Kingdom
Hydrographic Office Publications and Ministry of Defence papers,
have been consulted:
Greece
Charts
Turkey
Other publications
Greek Waters Pilot (7th edition) 1998, Rod Heikell (Imray, Laurie,
Norie and Wilson Limited) Turkish Waters and Cyprus Pilot (5th
edition) 1997, Rod Heikell (Imray, Laurie, Norie and Wilson
Limited) Fairplay Ports Guide 1999/2000 Lloyds Maritime Guide
1999/2000 The Statesman’s Yearbook 2000 Ports of the World 1999
Encyclopaedia Britannica Port Handbooks produced by Port
Authorities
J.P. Clarke CB LVO MBE Rear Admiral Hydrographer of the Navy
The United Kingdom Hydrographic Office Admiralty Way Taunton
Somerset TA1 2DN England 2 December 1999
v
CONTENTS
Pages Preface iii. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . Preface to the Seventh Edition (1999) iv. . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Contents v. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. Explanatory notes vii. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Abbreviations ix. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Glossary xi. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . Index chartlets facing 1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
.
CHAPTER 1
Navigation and regulations Limits of the book (1.1) 1. . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . Traffic and Operations (1.2) 1. . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Charts
(1.9) 2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Aids to
navigation (1.13) 3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Radio facilities (1.16)
3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Regulations (1.26) 4. . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . Signals (1.49) 6. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . Distress and rescue (1.51) 6. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Countries and ports Libya (1.63) 8. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . Egypt (1.71) 8. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Greece (1.79) 9. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Turkey
(1.88) 10. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Cyprus (1.97) 11.
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Syria (1.106) 12. . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . Lebanon (1.115) 13. . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . Israel (1.123) 14. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. Principal ports (1.131) 15. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Port services
— summary (1.132) 16. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . .
Natural conditions Maritime topography (1.135) 17. . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Currents and tidal streams (1.138) 17. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Sea level and tides
(1.143) 20. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . Sea and swell (1.145) 20. . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . Sea water characteristics (1.148) 20. . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Climate and
weather (1.152) 20. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Climatic tables (1.172) 33. . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . Meteorological conversion table and scales (1.194)
56. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
CHAPTER 2
Coast of Libya — Ra’s Adjir to Ra’s al Muraysah 59. . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
CHAPTER 3
Coasts of Libya and Egypt — Ra’s Muraysah to Tel Rafah 95. . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
CHAPTER 4
South coasts of Greek islands from Kríti to Ródos — Ákra Kriós to
Ákra Voúdhi 129. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . .
CHAPTER 5
South coast of Turkey — KadÝrga Burnu to Antakya Körfezi 143. . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . .
CHAPTER 6
Cyprus 181. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
.
CHAPTER 7
Coasts of Syria, Lebanon and Israel — Antakya Körfezi to Tel Rafah
207. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . .
DISTANCES TABLE
INDEX
EXPLANATORY NOTES
Admiralty Sailing Directions are intended for use by vessels of 150
gt or more. They amplify charted detail and contain information
needed for safe navigation which is not available from Admiralty
charts, or other hydrographic publications. They are intended to be
read in conjunction with the charts quoted in the text.
This volume of the Sailing Directions will be kept up-to-date by
the issue of a new edition at intervals of approximately 3 years,
without the use of supplements. In addition important amendments
which cannot await the new edition are published in Section IV of
the weekly editions of Admiralty Notices to Mariners. A list of
such amendments and notices in force is published quarterly. Those
still in force at the end of the year are reprinted in the Annual
Summary of Admiralty Notices to Mariners.
This volume should not be used without reference to Section IV of
the weekly editions of Admiralty Notices to Mariners.
CD−ROM
Status. A compact disc is provided at the back of this volume. The
paper publication of Sailing Directions satisfies the requirements
of Chapter V of the International Convention for the Safety of Life
at Sea. The CD version does not satisfy these requirements and
should only be used in conjunction with the paper publication and
any amendments affecting the paper publication. Where any
discrepancy exists between data on the CD and in the paper
publication of Sailing Directions, the paper publication (inclusive
of amendments) is to be relied upon.
Disclaimer. Whilst the UKHO has made all reasonable efforts to
ensure that the data on the CD was accurate at the time of
production, it has not verified the data for navigational purposes
and the CD is not suitable, and is not to be relied upon, for
navigation. The use of the CD for this purpose is at the user’s own
risk. The UKHO accepts no liability (except in the case of death or
personal injury caused by the negligence of the UKHO) whether in
contract, tort, under any statute or otherwise and whether or not
arising out of any negligence on the part of the UKHO in respect of
any inadequacy of any kind whatsoever in the data on the CD or in
the means of distribution.
Conditions of release. The material supplied on the CD−ROM is
protected by Crown Copyright. No part of the data may be
reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form
or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or
otherwise without the prior written permission of the UKHO. The
copyright material, its derivatives and its outputs may not be sold
or distributed or commercially exploited in either an original or
derived form without the prior written permission of the UKHO. For
the avoidance of doubt, the supplied material, its derivatives and
its outputs shall not be placed, or allowed to be placed, on a
computer accessible to Third Parties whether via the Internet or
otherwise. The release of the supplied material in no way implies
that the UKHO will supply further material.
References to hydrographic and other publications
The Mariner’s Handbook gives general information affecting
navigation and is complementary to this volume.
Ocean Passages for the World and Routeing Charts contain ocean
routeing information and should be consulted for other than coastal
passages.
Admiralty List of Lights should be consulted for details of lights,
lanbys and fog signals, as these are not fully described in this
volume.
Admiralty List of Radio Signals should be consulted for information
relating to coast and port radio stations, radio details of
pilotage services, radar beacons and radio direction finding
stations, meteorological services, radio aids to navigation, Global
Maritime Distress and Safety System (GMDSS) and Differential Global
Positioning System (DGPS) stations, as these are only briefly
referred to in this volume.
Admiralty Maritime Communications is a comprehensive guide on all
aspects of maritime communications for the yachtsman and small
craft user. It provides general information on Global Maritime
Distress and Safety System (GMDSS), the management of VHF, Maritime
Safety Information, NAVTEX, Inmarsat and Radio Facsimile, and
detailed information and procedures for marinas and harbours used
by small craft.
Annual Summary of Admiralty Notices to Mariners contains in
addition to the temporary and preliminary notices, and amendments
and notices affecting Sailing Directions, a number of notices
giving information of a permanent nature covering radio messages
and navigational warnings, distress and rescue at sea and exercise
areas.
The International Code of Signals should be consulted for details
of distress and life-saving signals, international ice-breaker
signals as well as international flag signals.
Remarks on subject matter
Buoys are generally described in detail only when they have special
navigational significance, or where the scale of the chart is too
small to show all the details clearly.
Chart index diagrams in this volume show only those Admiralty
charts of a suitable scale to give good coverage of the area.
Mariners should consult NP 131 Catalogue of Admiralty Charts and
Publications for details of larger scale charts.
EXPLANATORY NOTES
viii
Chart references in the text normally refer to the largest scale
Admiralty chart but occasionally a smaller scale chart may be
quoted where its use is more appropriate.
Firing, practice and exercise areas. Submarine exercise areas are
mentioned in Sailing Directions. Other firing, practice and
exercise areas maybe mentioned with limited details. Signals and
buoys used in connection with these areas maybe mentioned if
significant for navigation. Attention is invited to the Annual
Notice to Mariners on this subject.
Names have been taken from the most authoritative source. When an
obsolete name still appears on the chart, it is given in brackets
following the proper name at the principal description of the
feature in the text and where the name is first mentioned.
Tidal information relating the daily vertical movements of the
water is not given; for this Admiralty Tide Tables should be
consulted. Changes in water level of an abnormal nature are
mentioned.
Time difference used in the text when applied to the time of High
Water found from the Admiralty Tide Tables, gives the time of the
event being described in the Standard Time kept in the area of that
event. Due allowance must be made for any seasonal daylight saving
time which may be kept.
Wreck information is included where drying or below-water wrecks
are relatively permanent features having significance for
navigation or anchoring.
Units and terminology used in this volume
Latitude and Longitude given in brackets are approximate and are
taken from the chart quoted.
Bearings and directions are referred to the true compass and when
given in degrees are reckoned clockwise from 000° (North) to 359°
Bearings used for positioning are given from the reference object.
Bearings of objects, alignments and light sectors are given as seen
from the vessel. Courses always refer to the course to be made good
over the ground.
Winds are described by the direction from which they blow.
Tidal streams and currents are described by the direction towards
which they flow.
Distances are expressed in sea miles of 60 to a degree of latitude
and sub-divided into cables of one tenth of a sea mile.
Depths are given below chart datum, except where otherwise
stated.
Heights of objects refer to the height of the object above the
ground and are invariably expressed as “... m in height”.
Elevations, as distinct from heights, are given above Mean High
Water Springs or Mean Higher High Water whichever is quoted in
Admiralty Tide Tables, and expressed as, “an elevation of ... m”.
However the elevation of natural features such as hills may
alternatively be expressed as “... m high” since in this case there
can be no confusion between elevation and height.
Metric units are used for all measurements of depths, heights and
short distances, but where feet/fathoms charts are referred to,
these latter units are given in brackets after the metric values
for depths and heights shown on the chart.
Time is expressed in the four-figure notation beginning at midnight
and is given in local time unless otherwise stated. Details of
local time kept will be found in Admiralty List of Radio Signals
Volume 2.
Bands is the word used to indicate horizontal marking.
Stripes is the word used to indicate markings which are vertical,
unless stated to be diagonal.
Conspicuous objects are natural and artificial marks which are
outstanding, easily identifiable and clearly visible to the mariner
over a large area of sea in varying conditions of light. If the
scale is large enough they will normally be shown on the chart in
bold capitals and may be marked “conspic”.
Prominent objects are those which are easily identifiable, but do
not justify being classified as conspicuous.
ix
System
°C degrees Celsius CALM Catenary anchor leg mooring CBM
Conventional buoy mooring CDC Certain Dangerous Cargo CVTS
Co−operative Vessel Traffic System
DF direction finding DG degaussing DGPS Differential Global
Positioning System DW Deep Water DSC Digital Selective Calling dwt
deadweight tonnage DZ danger zone
E east (easterly, eastward, eastern, easternmost) EEZ exclusive
economic zone ELSBM Exposed location single buoy mooring ENE
east-north-east EPIRB Emergency Position Indicating Radio Beacon
ESE east-south-east ETA estimated time of arrival ETD estimated
time of departure EU European Union
feu forty foot equivalent unit fm fathom(s) FPSO Floating
production storage and offloading
vessel FPU Floating production unit FSO Floating storage and
offloading vessel ft foot (feet)
g/cm3 gram per cubic centimetre GMDSS Global Maritime Distress and
Safety System GPS Global Positioning System GRP glass reinforced
plastic grt gross register tonnage gt gross tonnage
HAT Highest Astronomical Tide HF high frequency HMS Her (His)
Majesty’s Ship hp horse power hPa hectopascal HSC High Speed Craft
HW High Water
IALA International Association of Lighthouse Authorities
IHO International Hydrographic Organization IMO International
Maritime Organization ITCZ Intertropical Convergence Zone
JRCC Joint Rescue Co−ordination Centre
kHz kilohertz km kilometre(s) kn knot(s)
kW kilowatt(s)
Lanby Large automatic navigation buoy LASH Lighter Aboard Ship LAT
Lowest Astronomical Tide LF low frequency LHG Liquefied Hazardous
Gas LMT Local Mean Time LNG Liquefied Natural Gas LOA Length
overall LPG Liquefied Petroleum Gas LW Low Water
m metre(s) mb millibar(s) MCTS Marine Communications and Traffic
Services
Centres MF medium frequency MHz megahertz MHHW Mean Higher High
Water MHLW Mean Higher Low Water MHW Mean High Water MHWN Mean High
Water Neaps MHWS Mean High Water Springs MLHW Mean Lower High Water
MLLW Mean Lower Low Water MLW Mean Low Water MLWN Mean Low Water
Neaps MLWS Mean Low Water Springs mm millimetre(s) MMSI Maritime
Mobile Service Identity MRCC Maritime Rescue Co-ordination Centre
MRSC Maritime Rescue Sub-Centre MSI Marine Safety Information MSL
Mean Sea Level MV Motor Vessel MW megawatt(s) MY Motor Yacht
N north (northerly, northward, northern, northernmost)
NATO North Atlantic Treaty Organization Navtex Navigational Telex
System NE north-east NNE north-north-east NNW north-north-west No
number nrt nett register tonnage NW north-west
ODAS Ocean Data Acquisition System
PEL Port Entry Light PLEM Pipe line end manifold POL Petrol, Oil
& Lubricants PSSA Particularly Sensitive Sea Areas
RCC Rescue Co−ordination Centre RMS Royal Mail Ship RN Royal Navy
Ro-Ro Roll−on, Roll-off RT radio telephony
ABBREVIATIONS
x
S south (southerly, southward, southern, southernmost) SALM Single
anchor leg mooring system SALS Single anchored leg storage system
SAR Search and Rescue Satnav Satellite navigation SBM Single buoy
mooring SE south-east SPM Single point mooring sq square SS
Steamship SSE south-south-east SSW south-south-west SW
south-west
teu twenty foot equivalent unit TSS Traffic Separation Scheme
UHF ultra high frequency UKHO United Kingdom Hydrographic
Office
ULCC Ultra Large Crude Carrier UN United Nations UT Universal Time
UTC Co-ordinated Universal Time
VDR Voyage Data Recorder VHF very high frequency VLCC Very Large
Crude Carrier VMRS Vessel Movement Reporting System VTC Vessel
Traffic Centre VTMS Vessel Traffic Management System VTS Vessel
Traffic Services
W west (westerly, westward, western, westernmost) WGS World
Geodetic System WMO World Meteorological Organization WNW
west-north-west WSW west-south-west WT radio (wireless)
telegraphy
xi
GLOSSARY
Arabic (A), Greek (G), Hebrew (H), Italian (I) and Turkish (T)
terms and words found on charts and in the Sailing
Directions.
Foreign word Language English meaning Foreign word Language English
meaning. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
abiad, abyad, abyadh A white. . . . . . . . . ada T island. . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . adalar T islands. . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . adasi T island. . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . agam H lake. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . aÔiz T mouth. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . ahmar A red (masculine). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . ain, ‘ain A spring. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ak T
white. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ákra G cape,
point. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . akrópolis G
citadel. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . akrotírion G
promontory, cape. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . aktí G shore,
coastline. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . alikí G
saltpans. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . alamet T
beacon. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ámmos G sand. . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . angáli G bight, open bay. . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . angirovólion G anchorage. . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . aswad A black. . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . al A the. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . anak, a’naq A cliff. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . arish,
arisha A dune. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . apováthra G landing
place, wharf. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . avathí G shoal. .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ayía, áyioi, áyion, áyios,
ayíou G saint. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . áyiso T
saint. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
bab A narrow strait, gate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . bahr, bahra A river, lake. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
baia I bay. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . baidº,
bºdiya A desert. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . balad A town,
village, land. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . balçrk T
clay, mud, silt. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . banchina
I quay. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . banco, banchi I
banks. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . bati T west, west wind. . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . bataÔi, batak, T swamp,
marshland. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . bataklik, batakliÔi T
swamp, marshland,. . . . . . . . . . . .
quicksand behira A lake. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
be’er H well. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . bet H
house. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . biºr, bir A
wells, well. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . bizza H marsh. .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . boÔaz T strait, channel,
estuary. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . boghaz, bøghºz A
entrance channel. . . . . . . . . . . . . . bu (abbrev. abø) A
father, chief. . . . . . . . . . . . bucak T creek. . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . buÙeiret, buhireh A lake, marsh. . . . .
. . . . . . . . bük, bükü T creek, bay. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . burj A tower. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
burun T point, cape, headland, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . .
promontory burnu (abbr. −br) T point, cape, headland, . . . . . . .
. . . . .
promontory büyük T great. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
.
calata I wharf, unloading quay. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . çamur T mud. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . capo
I cape, headland. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
casa I house. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
casino I country house, club. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . castel, castello I castle. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
cattedrale I cathedral. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . çay,
çayi T river, stream. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
chersónisos G peninsula. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . collina
I hill. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . collinette I
small hill. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . çorak T marsh
(salt). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
daÔ T mountain. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . dahl
A bank. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . daram H
south. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . daram−ma’arava H
south−west. . . . . . . . . . . . . . daram−mizrah H south−east. .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . demiryeri T anchorage. . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . deniz, denizi T sea. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. dere T valley, stream. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . dhíavlos G strait. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
dhiékplous G passage. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . dhióriga,
dióryga G canal, channel. . . . . . . . . . . . dhiórix G canal. .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . döküntü T reef. . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . .
el A the. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ‘emeq H
valley, plain, basin. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
even H stone. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ’ez H
tree. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
fanale I light. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . fanâr A
lighthouse. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . fanós G
light. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . fáros G
lighthouse. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . forte I
fort. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . fortino I small
fort. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . froúrio, froúrion
G fort, stronghold. . . . . . . . . . . . .
gadol H great. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . gâmi‘ A
mosque. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . garb, garp T
west. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . gasr A castle. . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . gebel A hill. . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . gera A lake. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . geziret, gezira A island. . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. gharb A west. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ghubbet A
bay. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . giv’at H hill. . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . glóssa G tongue. . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . göl T lake. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . golfo I gulf, bay. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . gremnós G cliff, precipice. . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . gurup T west. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
.
hajar A stone, rock. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
halat A drying sandbank. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. hamrº A red (feminine). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
.
GLOSSARY
xii
hashafet A rocks in water. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
hassar, hissar A rock. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . har H
mountain. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . hazaz H
gravel. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . hisar T castle,
fort. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . hof H coast. . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . hol H sand. . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . hursha H wood (trees). . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
I H island. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . iç T
inner. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ífalos,
−oi G below−water reef, −s. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
íformos G roadstead. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
ikhthiotropío G fishery, fishing stakes. . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . ípsome G height (elevated . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . .
ground) ísplous G entrance (for vessels). . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . ’ir H town, city. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . irmak, irmagÝ T river. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
isola I island. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
isolotto I islet. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . isthmós
G isthmus. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
jam, jºme A mosque. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . jabal A
mountain, hill, island. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
janub A south. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . jazirat
A island. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . jebel A
mountain, hill, island. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
jøn A bay. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
kaba T gravel. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . kabir A
big. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . kafr A village. .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . kalat A castle. . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . kale, kalesi T castle. . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . kapi T gate, pass. . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . kara T black, land, mainland. . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . kasba A citadel. . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . kástro, kástron G castle. . . . . . . . . . .
. . . katafanís G conspicuous. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. kávo, kávos G cape. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . kefalí G
head. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . kefar H village. .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . kefr A village. . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . kelat A castle. . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . kenesiyya H church. . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . khalîg A gulf, bay. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . khánia G village. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. khashm A spur. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
khersínisos, khersónisos G peninsula. . . . . . . . khóra, khorío,
khoríon G village. . . . . . . . kible T south. . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . kibli A south. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . kilise T church. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . kimatothrávstis G breakwater. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
kÝrmÝzÝ, kÝzÝl T red. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . klímax G scale
(of chart). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . kólpos G gulf.
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . kôm A mound, hillock. . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . körfezi T cove. . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . korifí, korfí G peak, summit. . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . kothon A port, anchorage. . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . koltuk T creek. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . köprü T bridge. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
köfez T bay, gulf. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . koy
T bight, cove, creek. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
köy T village. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
koyu T deep. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . krímnos G
cliff, precipice. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . kücük T
small. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . kulat A castle. .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . kum T gravel. . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . kule T tower, spire, peak. . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
levkós, −í, −on G white. . . . . . . . . . . . . . liman, limanÝ,
limenári T bay, harbour, port. . . . . . . . liménas G harbour. . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . limenískos G small harbour. . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . limín G see liménas. . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . límni G lake, marsh, −i, −on. . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . limnothálassa G lagoon. . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . lodos T south−west wind. . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . lófos, −i G hill, low ridge. . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . .
ma’arava H west. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ma’gana H
anchorage. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . maghreb, maghrub A
west. . . . . . . . . . . mallâÙet A salt marsh, flat or . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
lake márabút, marabout A monument, tomb. . . . . . . . . . . marina
I beach, landing place. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
marsa A bay, cove, harbour, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. .
anchorage maîabb A river mouth. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . masjid A mosque. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
matla A east. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . mávros,
−i, −on G black. . . . . . . . . . . . . ma’yanot H springs (of
water). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . médene, manºra,
manºr A minaret. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . megálos, −i,
−on G big. . . . . . . . . . . . mendirek T mole. . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . mercan T coral. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . mers, mersa A bay, cove, harbour, . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . .
anchorage mezah H jetty, mole. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . mezuda H fort. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . mifraz
H bay. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . migdal H tower. .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . migdallor H lighthouse. . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . mikrós, −í, −ón G small. . . . . . .
. . . . . . mîna, mØnº’, minat A harbour, bay. . . . . . . . . .
minare T minaret. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . minqar A
point. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . mirjan A coral. . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . misgad H mosque. . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . mishor H plain, plateau. . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . mizrah H east. . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . molo I breakwater, mole. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . mólos G mole, breakwater. . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . monastírion G small monastery, . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . .
church moní G monastery. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. montagna I mountain. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . monte
I mount. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
naÙl H river, stream, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. watercourse
nahr A river. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . namal H
harbour, port. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . natur A
tower. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . nabi, nebi A
tomb. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . nehir, nehri T river. . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . niîan T beacon. . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . .
GLOSSARY
xiii
nisí, −iá G island, −s. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
nisída, nisídha, −ídhes G islet, −s. . . . . . . . nisís G see
nisídha. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . nísos, −oi G
island, −s. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . nord I north. . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . nótos G south. . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . nuovo I new. . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . .
oasi I oasis. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
ormískos G cove, small bay. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
orman T forest. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . órmos, −i
G bay, −s. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . óros, −i G mountain,
−s. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ova T plain. . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
pedhiás G plain. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . peráma G
ferry, passage. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . pétra G
rock, stone. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . pirsós G
beacon. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . pólis G city,
town. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . póros G passage,
sound. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . porthmós G
narrows of a strait. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . potamós G
river. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . poúnda G point. . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . poyraz T north−east. . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . prokimáia G mole. . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . provlítas (provlís) G pier, wharf. . . . . . . . .
. . . punta I point, summit. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . pürgos (pírgos) G tower. . . . . . . . . . . . . .
qalaat A castle. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . qanât A
canal. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . qasr A castle. .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . qatan H small. . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . qornet A peak. . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . .
rada I road. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ra’s,
ras A cape, point. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . raïØf A
mole. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . révma G current,
stream. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ríax G brook,
stream. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ridotto I
redoubt. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . rocca I rock.
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . rosh H cape,
headland. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ruzgar T
wind. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
sabakat, sabkhat, A salt lake, lagoon,. . . . . . . . . . . . . or
marsh
sabbia I sand. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . saghira
A small, little. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . saiyid A
lord, master (title of . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
.
descendants of the Prophet and Saints)
sakije A canal. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . samandira
T buoy, float. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . sancak T flag,
district. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . saray T palace,
court. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . sarây A palace.
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . sarÝ T yellow. . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . sark T east. . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . sarki T eastern. . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . sarp T cliff, steep, rough, . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
rocky, stony seghir A small, little. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . scogliera I ridge of rocks awash. . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . scoglio I rock, reef. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . .
sébcha, sebkha A salt lake, lagoon,. . . . . . . . . . . . . . or
marsh
sebchet I salt marsh. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
secca I reef, sandbank, shoal. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . secche I group of shoals, reef. . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . segnale I signal, mark. . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . sehir T city, town. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . sela‘ H rock in water. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . set T mole. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . shab, sha’b A rock, reef, rocky shoal. . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . shamºl A north. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . shark
A east. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . shatt A bank,
beach. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . sherm, sharm A
cove, creek, inlet. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . shi’b A rock, reef,
rocky shoal. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . shimºl,
shmal A north. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . sidi A lord, master
(title of . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
descendants of the Prophet and Saints)
siÔlÝk T bank, shoal, shallow. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . sÝmal T north. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
simandír G buoy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . sirocco I
south−east. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . siyah T
black. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . skála G small
port, berth, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
landing skópelos, −i G rock, −s (which cover. . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . .
and unccover) stavrós G cross. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . stenó, stenón G strait. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . su T
water, stream, river. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. sud I south. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
ïukhûr A reefs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
òâbiyet A fort. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . tabya T
battery, earth−work, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
.
bastion tall, tºlia A hill. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
tallet A mountain. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
taraf, tarf A cape. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . tel H hill.
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . télma G swamp. . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . teloníon G custom house. .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . tell A hill. . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . tepe T hill, tumulus, peak. . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . thálassa G sea. . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . topuk T bar of a river, . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . .
sandspit torre I tower. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. tranós G large. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
uad A valley, river bed, river. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . uadi I valley, river bed, river. . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . umm A mother. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . .
vathís, −ía, −í G deep. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . vecchio I old,
ancient. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . vilayet T
province, district. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
vorrás G hill. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . vounó G
hill, mountain. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . vráchoi,
vrákhoi G rocks (above and . . . . . . . . . . . . .
below water) vrachónisis G rocky island. . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . vrakhonisídha, −ídhes G rocky islet, −s. . . . . . . . .
vrakhonisís G see vrakhonisídha. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
vrákhos, −oi G rock −s (above water). . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
.
wºd, wadi, wed A valley, river bed, river. . . . . . . . . . . .
.
GLOSSARY
xiv
xéra G reef. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
ya’ar H forest. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . yam H
sea. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . yar T cliff,
precipice. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . yol T
channel, road. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
üfalos, −i G reef, −s, shoal, −s. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
.
zafon H north. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
zafon−ma’arava H north−west. . . . . . . . . . . . . . zafon−mizrah
H north−east. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . zuq H cliff. . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
ROMANIZATION SYSTEM FOR ARABIC BGN/PCGN 1956 System
This system was adopted by the BGN in 1946 and by the PCGN in 1956
and has been applied in the systematic romanization of geographical
names in Bahrain, Egypt, Iraq, Jordan, Kuwait, Lebanon, Libya,
Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Sudan, Syria, Tunisia, the United Arab
Emirates and Yemen, all of which have been covered by published BGN
gazetteers. Uniform results in the romanization of Arabic are
difficult to obtain, since vowel points and diacritical marks are
generally omitted from both manual and machine writing. It follows
that correct identification of the words which appear in any
particular name, knowledge of its standard Arabic−script spelling
including proper pointing, and recognition of dialectal and
idiosyncratic deviations are essential. In order to bring about
uniformity in the Roman−script spelling of geographical names in
Arabic−language areas, the system is based insofar as possible on
fully pointed modern standard Arabic.
CONSONANT CHARACTERS
Final Medial Initial Independent
Final Medial Initial Independent
GLOSSARY
xvii
GLOSSARY
xviii
ROMANIZATION SYSTEM FOR GREEK ELOT 743 System BGN/PCGN 1996
System
This romanization system supersedes the one which was approved by
the BGN and the PCGN in 1962. It corresponds to the system devised
by the Greek Organization for Standardization and approved for
international use at the Fifth United Nations Conference on the
Standardization of Geographical Names in 1987.
Greek Romanization Examples
L I B Y A
A
30°
31°
32°
33°
34°
35°
36°
37°
20°
20°
21°
21°
22°
22°
23°
23°
24°
24°
1439
3403
18
1205
Malta
2
2
Surt
G u l f o f S i r t e
L I B Y A
T S
U N
I I
A
S E M E D I T E R R A N E A N
NP 45 MEDITERRANEAN PILOT
Mediterranean Pilot Vol V
18° 19°
Beyrouth (Beirut)
Saïda (Sidon)
L E
B A
N O
(B ûr S
Continued on Index Diagram
Mersa Ma∑rûÚ
Mînâ' Du ym ât. S E M E D I T E R R A N E A N
Darn ah
(D ern
1439
180
3681
36791091
1092
1099
1055
1054
3680
236237
2074
2574
3400
3401
1205
30°
31°
32°
33°
34°
35°
36°
37°
30°
29°28°
LAWS AND REGULATIONS APPERTAINING TO NAVIGATION
While, in the interests of the safety of shipping, the United
Kingdom Hydrographic Office makes every endeavour to include in its
hydrographic publications details of the laws and regulations of
all countries appertaining to navigation, it must be clearly
understood:-
(a) that no liability whatsoever can be accepted for failure to
publish details of any particular law or regulation, and
(b) that publication of details of a law or regulation is solely
for the safety and convenience of shipping and implies no
recognition of the international validity of the law or
regulation.
MEDITERRANEAN PILOT
VOLUME V
CHAPTER 1
NAVIGATION AND REGULATIONS
Chart 4302 Area covered 1.1
1 This volume contains Sailing Directions for the E part of the
Mediterranean Sea within the following limits:
Lat N Long E
From Ra’s Ajdir 33°10′ 11°34′ NNE to 34°00′ 12°00′ Thence E to
34°00′ 18°22′ Thence N to 37°45′ 18°22′ Thence ESE to 36°10′ 22°15′
Thence S to 35°30′ 22°15′ Thence ESE to 35°05′ 23°20′ Thence NE to
Ákra Kriós 35°14′ 23°35′ Thence E along the spine of Kríti to Ákra
Trákhilas, the SE point of Kríti
35°02′ 26°14′
Thence ENE to Ákra Khélathros, the S point of Kásos, excluding
Stenó Kásou
35°20′ 26°53′
Thence NE along the spine of Kásos to Ákra Aktís, the NE point of
Kásos
35°26′ 27°01′
Thence ESE to Ákra Kastéllos, the S point of Kárpathos, excluding
the passage between Kásos and Kárpathos
35°24′ 27°08′
35°28′ 27°14′
Thence NE to Ákra Prásson, the SW point of Ródos, excluding Stenó
Karpáthou
35°53′ 27°45′
Thence NE along the spine of Ródos to Ákra Voúdhi, the E point of
Ródos
36°23′ 28°15′
Thence ESE to 36°20′ 28°23′ Thence N to 36°43′ 28°23′ Thence WNW to
KadÝrga Burnu, excluding Rhodes Channel and approaches
36°44′ 28°18′
Thence E and S within the coast of Turkey, S within the coast of
Syria, SSW within the coasts of Lebanon and Israel, and W within
the coast of Egypt to Port Said (Bûr Sa‘îd), excluding Suez
Canal
31°16′ 32°19′
Thence W within the coasts of Egypt and Libya to Ra’s Ajdir
33°10′ 11°34′
Egypt 1.2
1 There are Vessel Traffic Management Systems in operation at El
Iskandarîya (Alexandria) (31°10′N 29°50′E) (3.83), Mînâ’ Dumyâó
(Damietta Port) (31°29′N 31°45′E)
CHAPTER 1
2
(3.172) and Port Said (Bûr Sa‘îd) (31°16′N 32°19′E) (3.188).
Fishing 1.3
1 During certain seasons of the year large fishing nets, known as
madragues or tonnara, are moored in places off the coast of Libya
for the purpose of catching tunny fish. The nets, which should be
avoided, may be found as many as 5 miles or more offshore.
2 Tunny fisheries are marked by the shapes and lights (Diagram 1.3)
shown from boats or floats moored seaward of the central outer
portion of the main nets or the return, whichever extends further,
at a height of at least 5 m above the sea.
Tunny fisheries − signals (1.3)
3 Tunny nets which do not extend more than 1½ cables from the
coast, and which are not placed in a position traversed or
frequently anchored in by shipping, are exempt from showing the
prescribed night signals.
4 Off the coast of Tripolitania (1.63) practical difficulties may
temporarily prevent the proper marking of tunny fisheries and may
affect their dimensions and position. Generally, such fisheries are
allotted an extent of water measuring about 3 miles on its front,
5½ miles on its W side and 5 cables on its E side. When these nets
are laid out, in order to avoid the possibility of fouling them,
vessels should keep at least 6 miles from the coast and exercise
great caution when entering or leaving a port.
Marine farms 1.4
1 Marine farming equipment may be encountered in many of the bays
and inlets in the area covered by this volume. The approximate
position of known farms is shown on the charts; however,
development has been rapid and marine farms can be quickly
established or moved without any warning. Marine farms, which may
be fixed or floating structures, are usually fixed to the seabed by
a spread of anchors which can be extensive. The position of
anchors, where used, may be marked by buoys.
2 Caution. Mariners are cautioned to avoid areas of marine farms,
and to note that their presence has rendered many hitherto accepted
anchorages either unsuitable or limited in swinging space.
Exercise areas
Firing practice and exercise areas 1.5
1 Naval exercises and firing practices take place from time to time
in certain areas. The areas are mentioned in the relevant
geographical chapters. Warnings of firing practices and exercises
are promulgated either by local notices to mariners, coast radio
stations, or both.
For general information on such areas see Annual Notice to Mariners
No 5.
Submarine exercise areas 1.6
1 Submarines may exercise in the area covered by this volume.
Notice of exercises is given only in exceptional circumstances and
therefore all vessels should keep a good lookout for
submarines.
The Mariner’s Handbook and Annual Notice to Mariners No 8 give
general information on the characteristics of submarines and visual
signals used to denote their presence.
Marine exploitation Oil and gas fields 1.7
1 Oil rigs and platforms may be encountered off the coasts of
Libya, Egypt and Israel. Production platforms and associated
structures including tanker moorings, storage tankers and platforms
on pipelines, generally exhibit morse (U) lights, aircraft
obstruction lights and sound fog signals. These installations are
usually protected by safety zones which may extend up to 500 m from
their outer edges.
2 Vessels must be navigated with caution when passing close to
offshore installations and structures.
Pipelines 1.8
1 Mariners are advised not to anchor or trawl in the vicinity of
pipelines. Gas from a damaged oil or gas pipeline could cause an
explosion, loss of a vessel’s buoyancy or other serious hazard.
Pipelines are not always buried and may effectively reduce the
charted depth by up to 2 m. They may also span seabed undulations
and cause fishing gear to become irrecoverably snagged, putting a
vessel in severe danger. See Annual Notice to Mariners No 24 and
The Mariner’s Handbook.
CHARTS
Admiralty charts 1.9
1 British Admiralty charts covering the area of this volume are
adequate for use on passage and for entering the principal ports
and harbours.
Charts of Greek and Turkish coastal waters have been compiled
mainly from Greek and Turkish government charts and from earlier
British surveys. In other areas the charted information has been
derived from British surveys, French, Italian, United States,
Israeli and Egyptian government charts, and other sources.
Foreign charts 1.10
1 Charts of Greek and Turkish coastal waters and ports are
published by the Greek and Turkish Hydrographic Services
respectively. The charts may be obtained from the publishing
authorities listed below and in the Catalogue of Admiralty Charts
and Publications; they are not issued by the United Kingdom
Hydrographic Office nor are they corrected by Admiralty Notices to
Mariners.
2 Publishing authorities: Greek charts: Hellenic Navy Hydrographic
Service, TGN 1040, Athínai, Greece. Turkish charts: Seyir,
Hidrografi ve Oîinografi Dairesi BaîkanliÔi, Çubuklu 81647,
stanbul, Turkey.
CHAPTER 1
Greek orthography 1.11
1 The names on Greek charts published prior to 1985 were given in
Katharévousa, but on Greek charts dated after 1985 names may be
found in either Katharévousa or Demotikí (see Languages at 1.85).
Where names in Demotikí are available they have been transliterated
into Roman letters and used in this volume, and, as opportunity
offers, will be included on Admiralty charts.
2 A further complication is introduced by the fact that in
accordance with international agreement a revised system of
transliteration (ELOT 743) has been adopted for use with Greek
geographical names, and British Admiralty charts and publications
are incorporating the resulting changes as opportunity
provides.
3 As a result of these ongoing changes, there may be discrepancies
between some names on the charts and those in this volume; for
example, the Greek word for “islet” may appear as Nisís, Nisídha or
Nisída.
Datums 1.12
1 Vertical. The datum mainly used on charts is that of the country
whose waters the chart covers.
Horizontal. The datum mainly used is that of the country whose
waters the chart covers. Older charts are based on local datums.
Some modern Admiralty series charts of the area are now based on
the World Geodetic System (1984) Datum.
2 Most charts carry a note referring to the shift to be applied to
satellite derived positions before they are plotted. In the absence
of such a note it should not be assumed that such a shift is
negligible.
Differences in graduation may be apparent when transferring
positions from one chart to another. When in doubt it is advisable
to transfer positions relative to common charted features rather
than to geographical co−ordinates.
AIDS TO NAVIGATION
1 Navigational lights are the responsibility of the appropriate
national authorities.
Major lights are those with a nominal range of 15 miles or
greater.
Light−structures only are described in the body of this book. For
further details of the lights, see Admiralty List of Lights Volume
E.
Landmarks 1.14
1 Caution is necessary when evaluating the descriptions given in
this volume concerning landmarks, such as trees, and the colour and
shape of buildings etc. New buildings may have been erected and old
trees or houses destroyed, so that marks, which may at one time
have been conspicuous on account of their isolation, shape or
colour, may no longer exist or may now be difficult to
identify.
Buoyage 1.15
1 IALA Maritime Buoyage System Region A (red to port) applies
throughout the area covered by this volume. However, mariners are
advised that some buoys and beacons may not conform to the IALA
system. For details
of the system see IALA Maritime Buoyage System and The Mariner’s
Handbook.
RADIO FACILITIES
General 1.16
1 For full details of radio stations, broadcasts, navigation
systems and facilities see the relevant volumes of Admiralty List
of Radio Signals.
Satellite navigation systems 1.17
1 Global positioning system. The Navstar Global Positioning System
(GPS), a joint military and civil satellite navigation system owned
and operated by the United States Department of Defense, provides
world wide position fixing.
The system is referenced to the datum of the World Geodetic System
1984 (WGS84) and therefore positions obtained must be adjusted, if
necessary, to the datum of the chart being used.
2 Global Navigation Satellite System. The Russian Global Navigation
Satellite System (GLONASS) is similar to GPS in that it is a
space−based navigation system which provides world wide position
fixing.
The system is referenced to the Soviet Geocentric Co−ordinate
System 1990 (SGS90) and as for GPS positions must be adjusted, if
necessary, to the datum of the chart being used.
3 DGPS. Differential GPS compares the position of a fixed point,
referred to as the reference station, with positions obtained from
a GPS receiver at that point. The resulting differences are then
broadcast as corrections to suitable receivers to overcome the
inherent and imposed limitations of GPS.
4 Caution. Satellite navigation systems are under the control of
the owning nation which can impose selective availability or
downgrade the accuracy to levels less than that available from
terrestrial radio navigational systems. Therefore satellite based
systems should only be utilised at the user’s risk.
For full details of these systems see Admiralty List of Radio
Signals Volume 2.
Other radio aids to navigation 1.18
1 Racons are to be encountered throughout the area covered by this
volume.
Radio navigational warnings
NAVAREA III warnings 1.19
1 The area covered by this volume lies within the limits of NAVAREA
III. Details of warnings and a list of those in force are issued by
the Co−ordinator NAVAREA III, Instituto Hidrografica de la Marina,
Cadiz, Spain. NAVAREA III warnings are broadcast through:
a) National coast radio stations. b) SafetyNET (Enhanced Group
Calling International
SafetyNET).
Coastal navigation warnings 1.20
1 Warnings are broadcast in English and national languages through
national coast radio stations.
CHAPTER 1
Local warnings 1.21
1 Local warnings cover the area within the limits of jurisdiction
of a harbour or port authority and may be issued by those
authorities. They may be issued in the national language only and
supplement the coastal navigational warnings by giving information
which the ocean−going ship may normally not require.
Radio weather services
METAREA III warnings/bulletins 1.22
1 The World Meteorological Organization (WMO) has established a
global service for the broadcast of high seas weather warnings and
routine weather bulletins, through the Enhanced Group Calling
International SafetyNET Service. METeorological service AREAS
(METAREAS) are identical to the 16 NAVAREAS within the World−Wide
Navigational Warning Service (WWNWS).
2 Each METAREA has a designated National Meteorological Service
responsible for issuing high seas weather warnings and bulletins.
The designated authorities are not necessarily in the same country
as the NAVAREA co−ordinators. Weather Warnings and routine
bulletins are broadcast through:
3 a) National coast radio stations. b) SafetyNET (Enhanced Group
Calling International
SafetyNET).
Meteorological broadcasts by radio−facsimile 1.23
1 The area covered by this volume lies within the radio−facsimile
broadcast coverage area of national coast radio−facsimile
stations.
National weather services 1.24
1 National weather warnings and weather bulletins are issued
through national coast radio stations.
Radio medical advice 1.25
1 Mariners may obtain medical advice by radio through the
International Radio−Medical Centre (CIRM) in Rome.
REGULATIONS
Submarine cables and pipelines 1.26
1 Mariners are warned that every care should be taken to avoid
anchoring or trawling in the vicinity of submarine cables or
pipelines.
See The Mariner’s Handbook for information on the International
Convention for the Protection of Submarine Cables, together with
advice on the action to be taken in the event of fouling a cable or
pipeline.
Pollution 1.27
1 General information. The International Convention for the
Prevention of Pollution from Ships 1973 was adopted by the
International Conference on Marine Pollution
convened by IMO in 1973. It was modified by the Protocol of 1978
relating thereto and adopted by the International Conference on
Tanker Safety and Pollution Prevention convened by IMO in 1978. The
convention, as modified by the protocol, is known as MARPOL
73/78.
2 The Mediterranean Sea is defined as a Special Area for the
purpose of the Convention. MARPOL 73/78 and Annexes are described
in detail in The Mariner’s Handbook.
Regulations — Libya Caution 1.28
1 Vessels not complying with Libyan regulations when within Libyan
territorial waters will be subject to punitive penalties. For
limits claimed see 1.64.
Advance information 1.29
1 Vessels bound for any Libyan port must inform the appropriate
port authority or agent in Libya, after leaving the last port of
call, giving the following information:
Vessel’s name, call sign and nationality. Name and address of the
owner. Name and nationality of the master. Number of crew and any
passengers. Gross tonnage. Cargo type and quantity. Destination
port. Expected duration of stay in the port. Date of arrival
(ETA).
2 Vessels must then contact the nearest Libyan coast radio station
24 hours before arriving at one of the Approach Reporting Points
(1.30), confirming the above, and in addition supply the following
information:
Position, speed and course at that moment. Approach Reporting Point
to be used. Sea state. Vessel’s condition.
3 Flags. When in Libyan waters vessels must display their national
flag, and at the foremast the Libyan flag.
Approach Reporting Points 1.30
1 The Libyan authorities have stated that all vessels making for
Libyan ports must pass through one of the following designated
Approach Reporting Points:
Destination Approach point(s)
Zuwºrah (Zuara) (2.33) 33°03′N 12°15′E ®arºbulus (Tripoli) (2.51)
33°00′N 12°58′E
33°05′N 13°04′E 33°07′N 13°10′E 33°05′N 13°19′E
Qaîr AÖ,mad (2.108) 32°34′N 15°16′E Ra’s Lºnøf (2.150) & Gulf
of Sirte 32°43′N 19°06′E Marsá al Burayqah (El−Bréga) Oil Terminal
(2.171)
32°43′N 19°06′E
Az ZuwaytØnah (Ez Zueitina) Oil Terminal (2.189)
32°43′N 19°06′E
BanghºzØ (2.211) 32°03′N 19°50′E 32°09′N 19°49′E 32°17′N 19°53′E
32°20′N 20°06′E
CHAPTER 1
5
Darnah (Derna) (2.248) 32°58′N 22°42′E ®ubruq (Tòbruch) (2.267)
32°10′N 24°02′E Al Khums (Homs, Khoms) (2.90) Range of 12
miles
Az Zºwiyah Oil Terminal (2.41) Range of 12 miles
2 On arrival at an approach point vessels must report their
position, course and speed to the appropriate port authority.
Radio communication 1.31
1 Within Libyan territorial waters all vessels must maintain
communication with Libyan coast radio stations and keep continuous
watch on VHF. For the correct VHF channel on which to call
individual ports see Admiralty List of Radio Signals Volume 6
(3).
Anchoring 1.32
1 Ships may anchor only in the anchorage areas shown on the charts.
All vessels must anchor as instructed by the port authority, and
must not shift berth except on the instruction of the port
authority.
Pollution 1.33
1 Refuse and contaminated water must not be dumped. See also
information at 1.27.
Movement between ports 1.34
1 Permission must be obtained before proceeding from one Libyan
port to another.
Regulations — Egypt 1.35
1 Permission to enter Egyptian waters must be requested from the
Egyptian authorities 48 hours prior to arrival.
ETA should be confirmed at least 24 hours in advance, giving last
port of call, position, course and speed.
2 Radio communication must be established with Port Authorities
when within 24 miles of the coast in order to receive entry
instructions.
On passage vessels should keep at least 12 miles off the Egyptian
coast by day, and at least 24 miles off at night.
Regulations — Greece
Fortified areas 1.36
1 Severe penalties may be imposed on persons found taking
photographs or collecting hydrographic information within 10 km of
a Greek naval or military fortified area. Where these regulations
apply in the vicinity of prohibited areas, they may be applicable
outside those areas or within channels passing through the
areas.
Regulations — Turkey
Diving restrictions 1.37
In order to protect underwater cultural and natural conditions,
Turkish authorities have prohibited diving in certain areas. The
areas concerned are described in local orders and official advice
must be sought before any diving takes place.
Regulations — Syria
Advance information 1.38
1 Vessels bound for Syrian ports are required to communicate the
following information, through a Syrian coast radio station, when
within 50 miles of the Syrian coast:
Ship’s name, and former name, if any. Nationality.
2 Type of vessel. Position and time. Route and speed. Port of
destination.
Arrival information 1.39
1 Entry. When entering Syrian territorial waters vessels should
pass the following information to the appropriate pilot−station or
signal tower:
Ship’s name. Nationality. Nature of cargo. ETA at the waiting
area.
2 Flags. When in Syrian waters vessels must display their national
flag and the Syrian flag.
Use of radio. Unauthorised use of radio in Syrian ports or
anchorages is prohibited.
Regulations — Lebanon
Approved ports 1.40
1 Only certain ports within Lebanon are approved for use by ships
commercially. Ships attempting to enter other ports will be
formally banned and severely penalised. The approved ports
are:
Trâblous (Tripoli) (7.74). Joûnié (Juniye) (7.113). Beyrouth
(Beirut) (7.124). Saïda (Sidon) (7.155) and ZahrºnØ (Sidon)
Oil
Terminal (7.162). Sour (Tyr) (7.176).
2 In addition certain private and specialised ports such as Chekka
(7.100) and Sel’ata (7.105) are also approved.
Ports are open to traffic during the following periods: Beyrouth —
24 hours. Trâblous, Saïda and Sour — between 0500 and
2000 hours. Passage between the above ports is limited
between
0500 and 2000 hours.
Entry 1.41
1 All vessels entering Lebanese territorial waters should obtain
permission to enter from the Maritime Chamber 24 hours in advance,
through the agent.
Also, all vessels should call Beyrouth Port Control during the
daytime only, on VHF, to request permission to enter Lebanese
territorial waters.
For details of reports to be made and information required see
Admiralty List of Radio Signals Volume 6 (3).
Navigation 1.42
1 Vessels must approach approved ports by the recognised sea lanes
where they will be subject to control by the maritime and customs
authorities before continuing to legal ports of destination. The
sea lanes for the ports of
CHAPTER 1
Trâblous, Beyrouth, Saïda and Sour are established as
follows:
2 Entry should be carried out by navigating on a course of 090°
within a lane not exceeding 3 miles opposite the relevant
port.
Exit should be carried out by navigating on a course of 270° within
a lane not exceeding 3 miles opposite the relevant port.
Passage between these ports should be carried out within Lebanese
territorial waters at a distance of about 3 and 12 miles off the
coast.
Regulations — Israel
Chart 2634 Routes 1.43
1 The Israeli authorities advise vessels approaching the Israeli
coast to do so only through the approach routes shown on the chart.
Coasting traffic is strongly advised to use the coastal route shown
on the chart.
Vessels navigating in Israeli territorial waters are advised not to
exceed a speed of 15 kt.
Advance information 1.44
1 All vessels bound for Israeli ports must report to Israeli
Ministry of Transport (IMOT) through ¯efa (Haifa) coast radio
station when 100 miles from the Israeli coast.
For details of the information required in the report see Admiralty
List of Radio Signals Volume 6 (3).
Winter restrictions 1.45
1 Any vessel bound for an Israeli port shall not be permitted to
enter Israeli Territorial Waters from 1 November to 30 April if by
certification she is constrained by sea state, wind force, maximum
distance from land, port of refuge or length of voyage.
Prohibited areas 1.46
1 Certain areas off the Israeli coast are closed to navigation.
These areas are described in the body of the book.
Pollution reporting 1.47
1 All vessels navigating in Israeli waters must report any
dangerous occurrences, strandings, and possible incidents of
pollution, to the Maritime and Coastal Anti−pollution Division, via
¯efa (Haifa) coast radio station.
Ballast water 1.48
1 In order to prevent the import of non−native aquatic organisms
into the waters of the ports of Israel from ships’ ballast water
discharges, all ships destined for Israeli ports must exchange any
ballast water that has not been taken from an open ocean.
2 The best method of protecting harbour waters from foreign
organisms that may exist in the ballast water collected in foreign
harbours and near shore areas is for the ballast water to be
exchanged in open ocean, beyond any continental shelf or fresh
water current effect.
3 For vessels calling at Israeli Mediterranean ports, ballast
exchange must be carried out in the Atlantic Ocean when
practicable. Vessels failing to comply with this procedure will not
be permitted to pump out their ballast water during
their stay in the port or while navigating along the coast of
Israel.
4 A record of the location, date and time of the ballast water
exchange should be entered in the ship’s log book, or in other
suitable documentation, such as an official ballast water record
book. Masters of vessels will be requested to provide ship
inspectors (pilots) with a completed ballast water exchange
report.
SIGNALS
National
Greece and Turkey 1.49
1 Greek and Turkish warships, submarines and aircraft use signals
and instructions similar to those described in Annual Notices to
Mariners Nos 5 & 8.
Syria 1.50
Sound signal Light signal Meaning
Six short blasts Six flashes (from foremast)
Attacked by thieves
Six long blasts Six long flashes Fire on board or alongside
Two long blasts Two long flashes Serious injury
Four long blasts Four long flashes Stranding
DISTRESS AND RESCUE
Global Maritime Distress and Safety System 1.51
1 The Global Maritime Distress System (GMDSS) enables Search and
Rescue authorities on shore, in addition to shipping in the
immediate vicinity of a vessel in distress, to be rapidly alerted
to an incident so that assistance can be provided with the minimum
of delay. The sea area covered by this volume lies within the
Search and Rescue Regions of Libya, Egypt, Greece, Turkey, Cyprus,
Syria, Lebanon and Israel.
2 Details of the GMDSS and the associated coast radio stations are
given in Admiralty List of Radio Signals Volume 5 and Volume 1
(1).
Automated Mutual−assistance Vessel Rescue system 1.52
1 The Automated Mutual−assistance Vessel Rescue (AMVER) system,
operated by the United States Coast Guard, is an international
maritime mutual assistance organization which provides important
aid to the development and co−ordination of search and rescue
efforts in many offshore areas of the world. Participation in the
system is voluntary.
2 Details are given in Admiralty List of Radio Signals Volume 1
(1).
Rescue services
General 1.53
1 For information on Rescue Services see Admiralty List of Radio
Signals Volume 5.
CHAPTER 1
Libya 1.54
1 Coast radio stations at ®ubruq (Tòbruch) and BanghºzØ maintain a
continuous listening watch on international distress
frequencies.
Egypt 1.55
1 The Ministry of Defence Cairo is responsible for search and
rescue in Egyptian waters. The rescue service consists of a Joint
Rescue Co−ordination Centre at Cairo and a Maritime Rescue
Co−ordination Centre, for the Mediterranean coast of Egypt, at El
Iskandarîya (Alexandria). A network of coast radio stations
maintain a continuous listening watch on international distress
frequencies.
Greece 1.56
1 The overall authority for search and rescue in Greek waters is
the Safety of Navigation Division, Ministry of Merchantile Marine
Hellinic Coastguard, Piraeus. Search and rescue within the area
covered by this book is delegated to the following two Maritime
Rescue Co−ordination Sub−Centres of the Maritime Search and Rescue
Region of Greece:
2 Rescue Co−ordination Sub−Centre Khaniá covering the coast of
Crete.
Rescue Co−ordination Sub−Centre Ródos covering the coasts of Kásos,
Kárpathos and Ródos.
A network of coast radio stations maintain a continuous listening
watch on international distress frequencies.
Turkey 1.57
1 Search and rescue within the area covered by this book, which
lies within the Maritime Search and Rescue Region of Turkey, is the
responsibility of the Maritime Rescue
Co−ordination Centre Mersin. Three Maritime Rescue Co−ordination
Sub−Centres are also established at Marmaris, Antalya and
skenderun. A network of coast radio stations maintain a continuous
listening watch on international distress frequencies.
Cyprus 1.58
1 Search and rescue in Cypriot waters is the responsibility of the
RCC Larnaca. Cyprus operates a maritime radio service which
maintains a continuous listening watch on international distress
frequencies.
Syria 1.59
1 For Syrian waters the General Director of Ports in Al LºdhiqØyah
(Lattaquié) is responsible for co−ordinating search and rescue
operations. A network of coast radio stations maintain a continuous
listening watch on international distress frequencies.
Lebanon 1.60
1 The Lebanese Navy, with a Rescue Co−ordination Centre at Beyrouth
(Beirut), is responsible for search and rescue in Lebanese waters.
Lebanese Naval Bases and the coast radio station at Beyrouth
maintain continuous listening watch on international distress
frequencies.
Israel 1.61
1 The Israeli Navy and Air Force are responsible for search and
rescue in Israeli waters. The Rescue Co−ordination Centre is based
at the Israeli Navy and Air Force Headquarters and is reached
through ¯efa (Haifa) Radio, which is one of a network of radio
stations on the Mediterranean coast of Israel maintaining a
continuous listening watch on international distress
frequencies.
CHAPTER 1
General 1.62
1 For details of claimed territorial and fishing limits see Annual
Notice to Mariners No 12.
LIBYA
General description 1.63
1 Libya or LØbiyº, officially known as Socialist People’s Libyan
Arab Jamahiriya or SPLAJ, lies between Tunisia and Egypt. The
country has an estimated area of 1 759 540 sq km, and a coast about
1100 miles in length between its W and E boundaries.
2 The country is divided into the provinces of Tripolitania, in the
NW, Cyrenaica, in the NE, Fezzan, in the SW, and Kufra Oasis, in
the SE.
®arºbulus (Tripoli) (32°54′N 13°11′E) (2.51) is the capital of the
country, and BanghºzØ (32°07′N 20°03′E) is the second city.
National limits 1.64
1 Libya claims territorial waters of 12 miles. In addition, all
waters S of 32°30′N in Gulf of Sirte are claimed as Libyan internal
waters.
History 1.65
1 In ancient times the Phoenicians, Carthaginians, Greeks, Romans,
Vandals and Byzantines ruled all or parts of Libya.
In the seventh century the Arabs conquered Libya, and in succeeding
centuries most of the people adopted Islam and the Arabic language
and culture.
In the sixteenth century the Turks conquered the country, which
remained a part of the Ottoman empire until invaded by Italy in
1911 after which it became an Italian colony.
2 In 1943, during the course of the Second World War, the Italians
were expelled from Libya. Tripolitania and Cyrenaica were then
placed under British, and Fezzan under French,
administration.
In 1951 Libya became an independent, sovereign, federal kingdom
which lasted until 1969 when the king was deposed by a group of
army officers.
Government 1.66
1 Libya is an Islamic Arabic Socialist “Mass State”. Government is
effected by popular assemblies (Basic
Peoples’ Congresses). There are about 2000 of these assemblies.
From these assemblies Peoples’ Committees are appointed to carry
out policy and to deal with provincial and urban affairs, being
responsible to 26 municipality Peoples’ Congresses. All these
Congresses and Committees provide delegates for a General Peoples’
Congress, which is the highest policy making body in the country.
The heads of the government departments which carry out national
policy are chosen by the General Peoples’ Congress.
2 For administrative purposes the country is divided into 13
regions.
Population 1.67
1 In 2000 the population of Libya was estimated to be 5.3
million.
Languages 1.68
Physical features 1.69
1 Hilly areas with elevations of 900 m lie in the N of the country,
S of ®arºbulus and E of BanghºzØ, and another hilly area lies in
the S and SW of the country; between these lie barren rock−strewn
plains and vast sand seas. Except for scattered oases, only the
narrow coastal strip and the slopes of the N hill areas are
suitable for cultivation.
Industry and trade 1.70
1 The principal industries are the production of crude oil and
refined products, food processing, textiles and handicrafts.
Agricultural products include wheat, barley, olives, citrus fruits,
dates, peanuts and livestock.
The principal export is crude oil. Other exports include esparto
grass, wool, carpets, dates, sponges, tunny fish and olive
oil.
EGYPT
General description 1.71
1 Egypt, officially called Arab Republic of Egypt and known to the
Egyptians as Miîr, lies between Libya and Israel and extends S to
the parallel to 22°N. The total area of the country is 997 739 sq
km, but the cultivated and settled area comprising the Nile valley,
delta and oases covers only 35 189 sq km.
2 El Qâhira (Cairo) (30°00′N 31°20′E) is the capital city.
National limits 1.72
1 Egypt claims territorial waters of 12 miles and an exclusive
economic zone of 200 miles. For further details see Annual Notice
to Mariners No 12.
History 1.73
1 After the collapse of the last pharaonic dynasty in 525 BC, Egypt
suffered a succession of foreign invaders. A vassal of the Persian
empire at the time of Alexander’s invasion in 332 BC, the country
was linked thereafter with the Hellenistic civilizations of the
Mediterranean for thirteen centuries.
In 1798 the French under Napoleon invaded Egypt, but were forced to
withdraw by the British, in alliance with the Ottoman Turks, after
only three years. In the wake of the French departure, Mohammed
Ali, an Albanian officer in the Turkish army, emerged as ruler of
the country.
2 Following the Arabi Revolt of 1879–1882, the British occupied the
country and remained de facto rulers for the next 40 years. In 1922
Egypt became an independent kingdom. In 1952 King Farouk was
deposed and the country became a republic.
CHAPTER 1
9
In 1956 Egypt nationalized the Suez Canal. This resulted in
Britain, France and Israel joining forces to attack Egypt until
forced by the United Nations and the USA to withdraw.
3 A United Arab Republic, consisting of Egypt and Syria, was formed
in 1958. This lasted until Syria left in 1961. Egypt kept the name
United Arab Republic until 11th Septembe