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November 30, 2006November 30, 2006
Space Telescope Science Institute ConferenceSpace Telescope Science Institute Conference
Scott “Doc” HorowitzAssociate AdministratorNASA Exploration Systems Mission Directorate
Scott “Doc” HorowitzAssociate AdministratorNASA Exploration Systems Mission Directorate
2
A Bold Vision for Space ExplorationA Bold Vision for Space Exploration
The Administrator shall establish a program to develop a sustained human presence on the Moon, including a robust precursor program to promote
exploration, science, commerce and U.S. preeminence in space, and as a stepping stone to future exploration of Mars and other destinations.
The Administrator shall establish a program to develop a sustained human presence on the Moon, including a robust precursor program to promote
exploration, science, commerce and U.S. preeminence in space, and as a stepping stone to future exploration of Mars and other destinations.
NASA Authorization Act of 2005NASA Authorization Act of 2005
• Complete the International Space Station• Safely fly the Space Shuttle until 2010• Develop and fly the Crew Exploration
Vehicle no later than 2014• Return to the Moon no later than 2020• Extend human presence into the solar
system• Implement a sustained and affordable
human and robotic program• Develop supporting innovative
technologies, knowledge, and infrastructures
• Promote international and commercial participation in exploration
• Complete the International Space Station• Safely fly the Space Shuttle until 2010• Develop and fly the Crew Exploration
Vehicle no later than 2014• Return to the Moon no later than 2020• Extend human presence into the solar
system• Implement a sustained and affordable
human and robotic program• Develop supporting innovative
technologies, knowledge, and infrastructures
• Promote international and commercial participation in exploration
3
Lunar Lander DevelopmentLunar Lander Development
Lunar Heavy Launch DevelopmentLunar Heavy Launch Development
Earth Departure Stage DevelopmentEarth Departure Stage Development
Surface Systems DevelopmentSurface Systems Development
Orion DevelopmentOrion Development
ARES I Launch Vehicle DevelopmentARES I Launch Vehicle Development
Commercial Crew/Cargo for ISSCommercial Crew/Cargo for ISS
Space Shuttle OperationsSpace Shuttle Operations
Lunar Outpost BuildupLunar Outpost BuildupInitial Orion (CEV)CapabilityInitial Orion (CEV)Capability
Orion Production and OperationsOrion Production and Operations
Lunar Robotic MissionsLunar Robotic Missions
Mars Expedition DesignMars Expedition Design
Note: Specific dates and milestones not yet established. CEV/CLV availability planned for as close to 2010 as possible, but NLT 2014. Return to the moon as early as 2018 , but NLT 2020.
1st Human Flight Aboard Orion 7th Human
Lunar Landing
Early Design Activity
Exploration RoadmapExploration Roadmap
Science Robotic MissionsScience Robotic Missions
05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25
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The Moon - the 1st Step to Mars and Beyond….The Moon - the 1st Step to Mars and Beyond….
• Extending operational experience in a hostile planetary environment
• Developing capabilities needed for opening the space frontier
• Preparing for human exploration of Mars
• Science operations and discovery
• Enabling international, commercial and scientific goals for the development and use of the moon
• Extending operational experience in a hostile planetary environment
• Developing capabilities needed for opening the space frontier
• Preparing for human exploration of Mars
• Science operations and discovery
• Enabling international, commercial and scientific goals for the development and use of the moon
Next Step in Fulfilling Our Destiny As ExplorersNext Step in Fulfilling Our Destiny As Explorers
5
• Provides continuous U.S. human space flight
• U.S. system that can service the International Space Station
• Significant advancement over Apollo
• Minimum of two lunar missions per year
• Provides a 125 metric ton launch vehicle for lunar and later Mars missions and beyond
• Higher ascent crew safety than the Space Shuttle
• Requirements-driven technology program
• Fits within the current budget
A Safe, Accelerated, Affordable and Sustainable Approach
A Safe, Accelerated, Affordable and Sustainable Approach
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• The safest, most reliable and most affordable means of meeting crew requirements is a system derived from Space Shuttle components
• 125 metric ton lift capacity required to minimize on-orbit assembly and complexity – increasing mission success
How We Plan to Return to the MoonLaunch System
How We Plan to Return to the MoonLaunch System
Ares I Ares V
7
Project OrionProject Orion
Spacecraft Adapter – structural transition to launch vehicle
Crew Module – crew and cargo transport
Service Module – propulsion, electrical power, fluids storage
Orion consists of
four functional modules
Orion consists of
four functional modules
Launch Abort System -- emergency escape during launch
9
Building on a Foundation of Proven Technologies- Launch Vehicle Comparisons -
Crew
Lander
S-IVB(1 J-2 engine)240k lb Lox/LH2
S-II(5 J-2 engines)1M lb LOx/LH2
S-IC(5 F-1)3.9M lb LOx/RP
LunarLander
Earth DepartureStage (EDS) (1 J-2X)499k lb LOx/LH2
Core Stage(5 RS-68 Engines)3.1M lb LOx/LH2
Upper Stage(1 J-2X)
280k lb LOx/LH2
5-Segment Reusable Solid Rocket Booster (RSRB)
Space Shuttle Ares I Ares V Saturn VHeight: 184.2 ft
Gross Liftoff Mass: 4.5M lb
55k lbm to LEO
Height: 321 ftGross Liftoff Mass: 2.0M lb
48k lbm to LEO
Height: 358 ftGross Liftoff Mass: 7.3M lb
117k lbm to TLI144k lbm to TLI in Dual-Launch Mode with Ares I
290k lbm to LEO
Height: 364 ftGross Liftoff Mass: 6.5M
lb
99k lbm to TLI262k lbm to LEO
5-Segment2 RSRB’s
400
300
200
100
0
Ove
rall
Veh
icle
Hei
gh
t, f
t.
10
What is a ‘Global Exploration Strategy’?What is a ‘Global Exploration Strategy’?
• Kicked off in April 06 with a workshop
• A strategy for exploration with an initial focus on the Moon, that encompasses the interests of many participants including International space agencies, academia, and commercial investors
• Not a definition of “how” we will explore - but “what” and “why”
• A blueprint of exploration objectives
• A plan that identifies the time-phasing of the accomplishment of enabling and interdependent objectives
11
Exploration Strategy ThemesExploration Strategy Themes
• Use the Moon to prepare for future human and robotic missions to Mars and other destinations
• Pursue scientific activities to address fundamental questions about the solar system, the universe, and our place in them
• Extend sustained human presence to the moon to enable eventual settlement
• Expand Earth’s economic sphere to encompass the Moon and pursue lunar activities with direct benefits to life on Earth
• Strengthen existing and create new global partnerships
• Engage, inspire, and educate the public
12
Promising SitesPromising Sites
South Pole: Three areas identified with sunlight for more than 50% of lunar day
One zone receives 70% illumination during dead of southern winter
Lit areas in close proximity to permanent darkness (rim of Shackleton)
North Pole: Three areas identified with 100% sunlight
Two zones are proximate to craters in permanent shadow
Data taken during northern summer (maximum sunlight)
Data obtained during southern winter (maximum darkness)
Data obtained during northern summer (maximum sunlight)
South Pole
North Pole
13
Robotic Precursor MissionsRobotic Precursor Missions
• Provide early information for human missions– Key knowledge needed for human safety and mission
success - risk reduction for later human elements– Infrastructure elements for eventual human benefit
• Resolve the many unknowns at the North and South Poles– Knowledge of the environment – temperatures, lighting– Resources/deposits – composition and physical nature– Terrain and surface properties - dust characterization– Support infrastructure – navigation/communication,
beacons
• Enable capable and sustainable exploration– Surface systems and Operations– Science, commercial interests, and international
partnering
“Starting no later than 2008, initiate a series of robotic missions to the Moon to prepare for and support future human exploration activities”, NPSD-31
14
Lunar Reconnaissance OrbiterLaunch Date October 2008
Lunar Reconnaissance OrbiterLaunch Date October 2008
Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter (LRO):
• Lunar mapping, topography, radiation characterization, and volatile identification
• 50 km polar orbit
Lunar CRater Observation andSensing Satellite (LCROSS):
• Investigate the presence of water at the South Pole via a kinetic impactor and shepherding spacecraft
LCROSS
LRO