November 18, 2010

November 18, 2010

Reza ShiftehfarPhD. Student and

Research Assistant in Computer ScienceDept. of Computer Science

University of Illinois at Urbana ChampaignE-mail: [email protected]

Green Computing Course (CS598tar):

Major Green InitiativesParya Moinzadeh

PhD. Candidate and Research Assistant in Computer Science

Dept. of Computer ScienceUniversity of Illinois at Urbana Champaign

E-mail: [email protected]

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Major Green InitiativesOutline:

IntroductionCompanies to study:

GoogleHPAppleMicrosoftIntelIBM

Greenwashing

What is a “Green Business”?An organization that is:

environmentally sustainablesocially responsible

Enterprise that has:no negative impact on the global or local environment, community, society, or economy. progressive environmental and human rights policies

What is a “Green Business”?

Companies that serve a

specific, environment-

benefiting purpose

Businesses that employ eco-friendly

practices though the

overall function is

not related to the

environment

Consumer perception vs environmental realities

EarthsensePolled US consumers on their perceptions of the "greenness" of various companies.

Trucost, Compiled an unparalleled quantitative assessment of companies' global environmental impact.



Consumer perception vs environmental realities-Google

Consumer perception vs environmental realities-MS

Consumer perception vs environmental realities-Yahoo!

Consumer perception vs environmental realities-Apple

Consumer perception vs environmental realities-Dell

Going Green at Powering a Clean Energy Revolution

RE<CInvestments

eSolarAltaRockBrightSource

Green EnergyGoogle PowerMeterRechargeITClean Energy 2030

http://www.google.com/corporate/green/index.html

Going Green at

Powering a Clean Energy RevolutionEfficient Computing


Going Green at

Powering a Clean Energy RevolutionEfficient ComputingReducing Carbon Footprint


Going Green at

Powering a Clean Energy RevolutionEfficient ComputingReducing Carbon FootprintGreen Employee Programs

Bikes on Campus Biodiesel

ShuttlesComposting GFleet

Green Design Elements


Going Green at

Powering a Clean Energy RevolutionEfficient ComputingReducing Carbon FootprintGreen Employee Programs Helping Others Go Green


Efficient Computing Five step plan

1. Minimize electricity used by servers2. Reduce the energy used by the data

center facilities3. Conserve precious fresh water by using

recycled water instead4. Reuse or recycle all electronic equipment

that leaves our data centers5. Engage with our peers to advance

smarter energy practices


Five Step Plan: 1-Efficient Servers

Major sources of energy waste:Converting electricity from one kind to another Voltage regulator circuitry


Five Step Plan: 1-Efficient Servers

Omit parts that aren't needed for applicationsEnergy proportionality

Power Provisioning for a Warehouse-sized ComputerXiaobo, Fan Wolf-Dietrich Weber, Luiz André Barroso

Google Inc.

More energy proportional systems could cut in half the total energy used by large data center operations.


Five Step Plan: 2-Efficient Data Centers

Limiting energy wasteReduce power spent on cooling

Water evaporation

• Reduced the energy-weighted average overhead across all Google-built data centers to 19% versus the average of 96% reported by the EPA.


Sustainable IT

Dynamic Smart CoolingData Center Thermal Assessment ServicesEnergy-adaptive DisplaysKeep Chips CoolVideo ConferencingNanotechnology

Sustainable IT

Summary:ecosystem-scale life-cycle design scalable and configurable infrastructure building blockspervasive sensing data analytics and visualizationautonomous control

Sustainable IT Ecosystems:Enabling Next-Generation Cities

Christopher E. Hoover, Ratnesh K. Sharma, Brian J. Watson, Susan K. Charles, Amip J. Shah, Chandrakant D.

Patel, Manish Marwah, Thomas W. Christian, and Cullen E. Bash

Sustainable IT

Summary:Examine the entire lifecycle of the system

include material use andManufacturing

Methodology for lifecycle analysis

Green Server Design: Beyond Operational Energy to Sustainability

Jichuan Chang, Justin Meza, Parthasarathy Ranganathan, Cullen Bash, Amip Shah

Sustainable IT

Summary:Material-efficient physical organizationEnvironmentally-efficient cooling infrastructuresEffective design of system architectures to reuse components.

Lifecycle-based Data Center Design

Justin Meza, Rocky Shih, Amip Shah, Parthasarathy Ranganathan, Jichuan Chang, Cullen Bash

Sustainable IT

SummarySystematically evaluate the inefficiencies in the information collection and analysis of several widely used IT applicationsImplement a more efficient solutionQuantify the improvements

Improving the efficiency of information collection and analysis in widely-used

IT applications

Sergey Blagodurov, Martin Arlitt

A Greener Apple

Removing Toxic ChemicalsLeadCadmium. Hexavalent, Chromium, Decabromodiphenyl, EtherArsenic,MercuryPolyvinyl, Chloride, Brominated flame retardants

Recycling Products (E-Waste)

MicrosoftMICROSOFT DYNAMICS AND ENVIRONMENTAL SUSTAINABILITYWHAT IS SUSTAINABILITY?

Sustainable development is development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs

“In our every deliberation, we must consider the impact of our decisions

on the next seven generations.”

MicrosoftMICROSOFT DYNAMICS AND ENVIRONMENTAL SUSTAINABILITYEnvironmental Sustainability Dashboard

MicrosoftMICROSOFT DYNAMICS AND ENVIRONMENTAL SUSTAINABILITYA more energy efficient Vista

Intelligent idling of hardware to conserve powerSystem Sleep Monitor Blanking Hard Disk Drive Spin Down

Customizable power plans to refine power settingsBalancedPower SaverHigh Performance

Centralized management of power settings

MicrosoftMICROSOFT DYNAMICS AND ENVIRONMENTAL SUSTAINABILITY

MicrosoftMICROSOFT DYNAMICS AND ENVIRONMENTAL SUSTAINABILITY

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Microsoft Green InitiativeEnergy Awareness for PCs:

Energy costs are risingPC energy consumption has doubled since 2000EPA estimates PCs use ~2% of all electricity consumedBusinesses trimming costsHome users are thinking “green”PC on 24/7 is 8% of household power usage

[Source: http://www.microsoft.com/environment/greenit/ ]

From http://www.energystar.gov/ia/

partners/prod_development/revisions/downloads/computer/TierII_Network_Issue_Slides.pdf

Hours/year

Off

Slee p

100 -

0 -

50 -

Pow

er

(wat

ts)

0 8760

Idle

Active

http://www.microsoft.com/environment/greenit/

http://www.energystar.gov/ia/partners/prod_development/revisions/downloads/computer/TierII_Network_Issue_Slides.pdf





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Microsoft Green InitiativeSleeping PC Equals Real Savings:

PC sleeping 14 hours per day saves 598–760 kWh per yearApproximately $63,500 per year for 1,000 PCs Saves 420-534 kg of CO2 from energy production (~1/10 of average auto)



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Microsoft Green InitiativeMicrosoft:

Save Energy. Save Money. Save Environment.Environmental sustainability and financial sustainability are not mutually exclusive

Their strategy can be summarized as:ReduceManageRethink



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Microsoft Green InitiativeMicrosoft:: Reduce

Reduce your current IT energy consumption and carbon emissions using Microsoft productsWindows 7:

Reduced power consumption:Performance optimizationIdle process utilization:: removing background activities so that system can enter low power states more frequentlyDevice power management:: spinning discs more efficiently during DVD playback

Enhanced power management on portable computersMore tools for IT pros to manage their power consumption

New trigger service capability to allow background processes to start only when a specific event occurs



Windows 7 Power Goals:PC should sleep when idlePreserve remote availabilityReduce energy consumption at runtime

Power down devices when not in use


Microsoft Green Initiative


Windows 7 Power Goals:Deep focus on idle:


0 20 40 60 80 100 -

5.00 10.00 15.00 20.00 25.00 30.00 35.00 40.00

System Power vs. CPU Uti-lization(Idle)

CPU Utilization (%)

Tota

l Sys

tem

Pow

er (

Wat

ts)

+10% CPU increases power by ~1.25W

1.25W increase results in 8.3% reduction in battery

life Clean Install

IT Image0%1%2%3%4%5%6%7%8%

CPU Utilization on Idle System

CPU

Uti

lizat

ion

(%)



Windows 7 Power Goals:Device Power Management

Adaptive display brightnessDim the mobile PC display after a period of user inactivityIntelligent policy—timeout automatically adjusts with user inputDoes not interfere with presentations, full-screen media playback

Processor power managementUpdates to core performance state algorithmCore parking




Windows 7 Power Goals:Device Power Management

AudioSupport for the latest Intel HD Audio low-power specificationsUSB audio class selective suspend

BluetoothRadio enters selective suspend when connections are in sniff mode

Wired LAN runtime idle detectionNIC automatically enters D3 when media is disconnected




Microsoft Virtualization:By enabling multiple operating systems to run on a single server, potentially reducing energy use by up to 90%

Server VirtualizationDesktop VirtualizationPrivate CloudVirtualization

Management

[Source: http://www.microsoft.com/virtualization/en/us/products-server.aspx ]


http://www.microsoft.com/virtualization/en/us/products-server.aspx


Microsoft Virtualization:Server Virtualization

Having several servers on one machinePrevents many under-utilized machinesLeads to a smaller number of fully-used machinesE.g.

Windows Server 2008 R2 Hyper-VLive migration => increased availability of virtualized data centers

Microsoft Hyper-V Server 2008 R2Enables workload consolidation onto a single physical server

Microsoft Virtual Server 2005 R2Simpler management of hardware resources





Microsoft Virtualization:Desktop Virtualization

OS VirtualizationAllows users to access desktops running in the datacenterThis leads to:

anywhere access from connected devicesIncreased business continuity

Application Virtualization:Allows isolation of applications from the OS and other appsThis eliminates the conflicts between application and removes the need to install applications on PCsLeads to streams applications on demand over the internetReduce the end user impacts associated with application upgrade/patching and termination

User Data Virtualization: Separates user data from PCs





Microsoft Virtualization:Private Cloud

implementation of cloud services on resources that are dedicated to your organization, whether they exist on-premises or off-premisesOffers the benefits of public cloud computing—including self-service, scalability, and elasticity—with the additional control and customization available from dedicated resourcesMicrosoft offer this in 2 models:

Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS):infrastructure resources (compute, network, and storage) are the servicesPlatform as a Service (PaaS): provides a complete application platform as a service.





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Microsoft Green InitiativeMicrosoft:: Manage

Microsoft Dynamics AX:a cost-effective solution designed to track your energy consumption, carbon footprint, and related costs



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Microsoft Green InitiativeMicrosoft:: Rethink

Microsoft United Communication:enable collaboration and limit the need for expensive travel positively impact the environmentE.g.

Exchange ServerOffice Communications Server



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Intel Green InitiativeIntel:: Eco-Technology

Recognized by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) for being the largest purchaser of green power in the USMain areas include:

Sustainable manufacturingEnergy-efficient performanceDesigning for the environmentPolicy and industry

[Source: http://www.intel.com/technology/ecotech/index.htm ]

http://www.intel.com/technology/ecotech/index.htm


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Intel:: Eco-TecnologySustainable manufacturing

operational energy consumption is reduced by 20 percent per product unit in the last three years87 percent of their chemical waste and 80 percent of their solid waste in 2007 is recycled or reusedmoved to lead-free and halogen-free products in 2008

Energy-efficient performancedevelopment of 45nm process technology: dramatically increase processor energy efficiencyIntel QuickPath TechnologyDynamic resource scalingIntegrated memory controller (IMC)Smart cacheDatacenter efficiency


Intel Green Initiative



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Intel:: Eco-TecnologyDesigning for the environment

eco-smart products are designed with innovative materials that deliver energy-efficient performance while maintaining responsible manufacturing practices. By using innovative materials that preserve product integrity, Intel continues to reduce its environmental footprint.lead-free and halogen-free productsSaved over 9 billion gallons of fresh water through our water reuse and recycling practicesRecycled more than 70 percent of our chemical and solid wastesReduced our global warming gas emissions the equivalent of removing 50,000 cars from the road





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Intel:: Eco-TecnologyPolicy and industry

collaboration with environmental organizations, government, and industry leadersIntel Open Energy Initiative

Policy influenceLeadership in relevant government programs, standards bodies, consortia, and coalitionsPartnerships with utilities on energy efficiency and smart grid programsStrategic venture investment via Intel Capital

Climate Savers Computing InitiativeBy 2010, the Initiative's goal is to reduce global computer CO2 emissions by 54 million tons per year, equivalent to the annual output of 11 million cars or 10-20 coal-fired power plants.





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Intel:: Eco-TecnologyPolicy and industry

Climate Savers Computing InitiativeReplacement of existing computing equipment with new, high efficiency serversVirtualization projects for data centers and networks

EPA and Intel: Advancing sustainability Maximizing energy efficiencyReducing greenhouse gas emissions

The Green Grida global consortium of IT companies and professionals seeking to improve energy efficiency in data centers and business computing ecosystems around the globe





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IBMA Smarter Planet for a sustainable futureInnovation for the planet

Make existing products and processes more efficientDevelop new innovations that lead to smarter world with lessen environmental impactThe Smarter City

Homes know when to buy power and data keeps traffic moving

Smart buildingsSmarter building on a smarter planet

Asset ManagementEnergy ManagementSpace ManagementFacility Management

Integrate Physical and digital infrastructureGreen Sigma Coalition [Source: http://www.ibm.com/ibm/green/index.shtml ]

IBM Green Initiative

http://www.ibm.com/ibm/green/index.shtml

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IBMGreen infrastructure

IBM’s DemoCentral datacenterIBM’s Data Center Family solutionsIBM BladeCenter HS22

Sustainable solutionsGreen Sigma CoalitionCarbon ManagementGreener Supply chains

[Source: http://www.ibm.com/ibm/green/index.shtml ]



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IBMIntelligent systems

Smart gridIntelligent transportation systemsAdvanced water managementSmarter oilfields




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IBMEnvironmental stewardship

Corporate social responsibility




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GreenwashingGreenwashing:

Reduce your current IT energy consumption and carbon emissions using Microsoft productsDeceptive use of green marketing in order to promote a misleading perception that a company's policies or products are environmentally friendlyE.g.

putting an image of a forest on a bottle containing harmful chem

Wired magazine mentioned that slogans are used to suggest environmentally benign business activity:

Comcast ecobill has the slogan of "Paper LESS is MORE" but ComCast uses large amounts of paper for direct marketingThe Poland Spring ecoshape bottle is touted as "A little natural does a lot of good", although 80% of beverage containers go to the landfill

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GreenwashingGreenwashing:

The Airbus A380 airliner is described as "A better environment inside and out" even though air travel has a high negative environment cost. Automakers continuously claim that their cars are "green", "clean" or "environmentally friendly" in their advertising guidelines however; a car cannot do anything good for the environment except generating less damage than others.Ford Motor Company using the name, "Ecoboost" for its Taurus SHO 2010 model. The 2010 Taurus gets the same fuel mileage (17/25mpg) as the 1990 model SHO (16/24mpg). Advances have been made in horsepower but not in mileage. The "Eco" suggestion is misleading as to the environmental aspects of the car.Finally, Google got goats to mow lawn at headquarter

ReferencesX. Fan, W. Weber, L. A. Barroso, “Power Provisioning for a Warehouse-sized Computer”, ISCA’07, June 9–13, 2007. C.r E. Hoover, R. K. Sharma, B. J. Watson, S. K. Charles, A. J. Shah, C. D. Patel, M. Marwah, T. W. Christian, and C. E. Bash, “Sustainable IT Ecosystems: Enabling Next-Generation Cities”, 2010.J. Chang, J. Meza, P. Ranganathan, C. Bash, A. Shah, “Green Server Design: Beyond Operational Energy to Sustainability”, 2010.J.Meza, R. Shih, A.Shah, P. Ranganathan, J.Chang, C. Bash, “Lifecycle-based Data Center Design”, 2010.S. Blagodurov, M.Arlitt, “Improving the efficiency of information collection and analysis in widely-used IT applications”, 2010.http://www.google.com/corporate/green/index.htmlhttp://www.hpl.hp.com/research/sustainable_it/http://www.microsoft.com/environment/greenit/http://www.microsoft.com/en-us/dynamics/environment.aspxhttp://www.newscientist.com/movie/green-companieshttp://www.apple.com/hotnews/agreenerapple/


http://www.hpl.hp.com/research/sustainable_it/





http://www.microsoft.com/en-us/dynamics/environment.aspx

http://www.microsoft.com/en-us/dynamics/environment.aspx

http://www.newscientist.com/movie/green-companies

http://www.newscientist.com/movie/green-companies

http://www.apple.com/hotnews/agreenerapple/

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November 18, 2010