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NOVEC 1230 Fire suppression system

Fire is the rapid oxidation of a material in the chemical process of combustion, releasing heat, light, and various reaction products.

What is Fire?

According to ISI - 2190/1979: Class A, Class B, Class C, Class D fires

• Water

Disadvantages- Conducts electricity, May spread Class B fires, Freezes in cold climates, May carry pollutants as run-off water

• Multi-Purpose dry chemical

Disadvantages-Obscures vision, More irritating than ordinary dry chemical, Nozzle pressure may cause burning liquids to splash

• Regular dry chemical

Disadvantages-Leaves a residue, Obscures vision, Not good on deep-seated Class A fires, Absorbs moisture and may "cake" within container, May be irritating, Nozzle pressure may cause burning liquids to splash

Fire Extinguishing agents

• Carbon di oxide

Disadvantages-Generally >35% concentration by volume required for total flooding system, Toxic to humans at >4% by volume, Dissipates rapidly - allows reflash, Has a cooling/chilling effect on some electronic components

• Halon 1211

Disadvantages-Acutely toxic at >4% by volume (dizziness, impaired coordination and cardiac effects), Must be used at >5% by volume, Toxic decomposition products are generated by fire, Vapor density = 5.7 (collects in pits and low areas), Production restricted per Montreal Protocol due to depletion of ozone layer.

Properties Novec

1230

Halon13

01

HFC-

227ea

HFC-

125

Ozone Depletion

Potential (ODP)1

0.0 12 0.0 0

Global Warming

Potential (GWP)-

IPCC2

1 6900 3500 3400

Atmospheric

Lifetime (years)

0.014 65 33 29.0

Why Novec 1230?

1World Meteorological Organization (WMO) 1998, Model-Derived Method.2Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) 2007 Method.

Environmentally-sustainable technology

Agent Novec 1230

HFC-125

HFC-227ea

Inert Gas

CO2

Use Concentration1

4.2-5.9% 8.7-12.1%

6.25-8.7%

34.2-40.6%

30-75

NOAEL2 10% 7.5% 9% 43% <5

Safety Margin

69-138% nil% 3-44% 6-26% Lethal at Design Concentration

Margin of human safety surpassing all chemical agents, CO2 and inert gas mixture

1 2008 NFPA 2001 and NFPA 12.2 NOAEL for cardiac sensitization (halocarbons) and effects specific to CO2

• Novec 1230 fluid extinguishes principally via the second

mechanism – removing heat from the fire.

• Upon discharge, Novec 1230 fluid creates a gaseous mixture with

air. This agent/air mixture has a heat capacity much larger than

that of air alone. A higher heat capacity means that this gas

mixture will absorb more energy (heat) for each degree of

temperature change it experiences.

• At a proper system design concentration, the agent/air mixture

absorbs sufficient heat to upset the balance of the fire triangle.

The amount of heat the fire loses to the surroundings is increased

by the presence of the agent. This causes the combustion zone to

cool to the point that the fire extinguishes.

Extinguishing mechanism of Novec 1230 Fluid

Applications• Data Processing Centers

- Computer Rooms

- Data Storage Facilities

• Oil & Gas Petrochemical

Facilities

- Pumping Facilities

- Gas Compressor Rooms

- Offshore Oil Exploration

Rigs

• Telecommunications

- Cellular Sites

- Switching Centers

• Transportation

- Merchant Marine Vessels

- Mass Transit Vehicles

• Commercial and Military

Aviation

- Engine protection

• Recreation

- Pleasure Craft

- Race Cars

• Commercial Marine

- Control and Paint Rooms

- Engine Rooms

- Storage Rooms

• Cultural Facilities

- Museums

- Libraries

- Archives

• Military Systems

- Combat Vehicles

- Marine Engine Rooms

• Medical Facilities

Manufacturing Facilities • Storage Areas

1. Agent Storage Components - Storage components consist of the

cylinder assembly(s), which contains the Novec 1230 fluid, and the

cylinder bracket(s), which holds the cylinder assembly securely in place.

2. Agent Fluid Distribution Components - Distribution components

consist of the discharge nozzles used to introduce the Novec 1230 fluid

into a protected hazard along with the associ ated piping system used to

connect the nozzles to the cylinder assembly.

3. Trim Components - Trim components complete the installation of

the suppression system and consist of connection fittings, pressure

gauge, low-pressure supervisory switch, electric valve actuator, and

manual valve actuator.

System Components

4. Slave Arrangement Components - Slave arrangement components consist of the pneumatic valve actuator(s), actuation check valve, vent check, actuation hose, and fittings required for a multiple cylinder (slave) arrangement.

5. Supplemental Components - Supplemental components include the discharge pressure switch and manifold check valve. They supplement the core equipment or complete a specific multi-cylinder configuration.

6. Control Panel - This device monitors the condition of the electric actuator, detectors, warning devices, cylinder pressure, and any manual release and abort stations. All electric or electronic devices must connect to the control panel in order to function.

7. Detection and Alarm Devices - Detection devices coupled with manual release and abort stations maximize system efficiency while audible and visual alarm devices alert staff of alarm conditions.

System Components(contd.)

Typical Clean agent System Layout

• the library serves as an important resource for history scholars as well as a point of reference for educators, students and interested visitors

• The singular collection consists of rare books, art and photographs and primary source documents etc

• In December 1999, the library suffered an accidental discharge of its fire suppression system, which was originally installed two decades earlier. Fortunately, no loss or significant damage was incurred by the discharge, but the cleanup process was substantial and costly

Case Study

Daughters of the Republic of Texas Library, in San Antonio, Texas

• Upon completion of the feasibility study, the board retained the services of, a premium brand of Tyco Fire Suppression & Building Products. The system chosen as the best option to meet all their specific needs was the Novec 1230 clean agent fire suppression system.

• The Novec 1230 system—installed throughout the Daughters of the Republic of Texas Library, support offices, and library vault—provides continued fire protection of the irreplaceable art, photographs, books, documents, and maps representing the cultural heritage of Texas.

• The Novec 1230 system is ideally suited for the protection of libraries, archives, and document repositories as it can be discharged on books, precious artifacts and other delicate items without causing harm.

• The Novec 1230 system—installed throughout the Daughters of the Republic of Texas Library, support offices, and library vault—provides continued fire protection of the irreplaceable art, photographs, books, documents, and maps representing the cultural heritage of Texas.

Ceiling-mounted agent discharge nozzle and notification device.

Manual release stations

Novec 1230 Fire protection fluid cylinders provide manual back up

Clean agent fire extinguisher

The Novec 1230 system is installed in Library and Store &

Pharmacy of a hospital. It provides continued fire protection of

the costly medicines and irreplaceable photographs, books,

documents. The contents of the library are protected by this

fire suppression system that does not cause damage while still

being environment friendly.

GAS SUPPRESSION SYSTEM CALCULATIONS

Design calculations for Library area

Step 01: Determine hazard volume

Library- 46’ (l) x 32’5” (b) x 10’ (h) = 14950 ft3

Step 02: Determine Volume of solid, permanent structures, or

equipment.

Area of each column = 2.42ft2

Volume = 2.42 x 10 = 24.2ft3

No. of pillars occupying room area = 7

Total Volume = 24.2 x 7 = 169.4 say 170 ft3

Step 03: Calculate reduced volume

Reduced volume = Step 1 ans. – step 2 ans.

= 14950-170 = 14780 ft3~418.52m3

Step 04: Determination of NOVEC 1230 Quantity

Q = V* CF *C Alt

Where, Q- Agent quantity required [kg]

V = Hazard volume [m³]

CF = Flooding factor [kg/m³]

C Alt = Altitude correction factor

Therefore, Q = 418.52x 0.5875x 0.90

= 221.29

Hence required agent quantity = say 225Kg

To check the concentration C reached in the hazard the following formula can be used:

Where,• Q = agent quantity supplied from the system [kg] (at sea level)

• V = hazard volume [m³]

• s = specific vapour volume [m³/kg] = 0.0664 + 0.000274 * T (at sea level)

• T = max. Hazard temperature [°C]

Altitude = 542m

A quantity of 225 kg Novec 1230 has been calculated at an altitude of 542 m.

At sea level this would result in 225 kg / 0.943 = 250 kg Novec

Specific vapour volume(s) for Novec 1230:

Formula: S = 0.0664 + 0.000274 * 40 =0.077

C= (250 x 0.0773 x 100) / 418.52+ (250 x 0.0773)

= 1932.5 / 437.84

= 4.41% (Concentration is less than NOAEL* (10%) – okay for occupied space)

*No Observed Adverse Effect Level

Step 06: Determination of number and size of tanks required

* 75% of max. filling

Tank fill level = actual filling(kg)/max. filling(kg)

1 x 412.7 kg tanks required - filled with 250kg Novec 1230

Nominal

Cylinder

Size

P/N Fill Capacity Empty Weight

Minimum Maximum

Lb kg Lb Kg lb Kg

600 lb 20508 304 137.9 609 276.2 346 157.0

900 lb 20509 455 206.4 910 412.7 471 213.6

1000 lb 20510 561 254.5 1000 453.6 766 346.5

Step 07: Determination of number

Number of nozzles:

Total Volume of hazard area / coverage area of each nozzle

360° Pattern: 418.52/ 292 = 1.43 say 2

180o Pattern: 418.52/ 146 = 2.86 say 3

Step 08: Pipe Size Estimation

Total quantity = 250 kg Novec 1230 (in 10 s) from 2 nozzles

• 12.5 kg/s

• Find the next higher value in "Max. Flow" column

Estimated Pipe size = 50 mm (2”)

Pipe

Type

Pipe

Diame

ter

Intern

al

Diame

ter

Min

Flow

(kg/sec)

Max

Flow

(kg/sec

)

40T 15 mm 15.8 0.454 1.361

40T 20 mm 20.93 0.907 2.495

40T 25 mm 26.64 1.59 3.855

40T 32 mm 35.05 2.72 5.67

40T 40 mm 40.89 4.08 9.072

40T 50

mm

52.5 6.35 13.61

40T 65 mm 62.71 9.072 24.95

40T 80 mm 77.93 13.61 40.82

40T 100

mm

102.25 24.95 56.7

40T 125

mm

128.2 40.82 90.72

40T 150

mm

154.05 54.43 136.1

Step 09: Pressure Venting

Where, A = required free venting area (m²)

Q = Novec 1230 flow (kg/s)

V = specific volume of agent (m³/kg)*

Δp = max. allowable pressure increase (Pa)**

VHOM = specific volume of the homogeneous air / Novec 1230 mixture***

c2 = resistance coefficient for the opening****

* Use 0.072 m³/kg for Novec 1230.

** A value between 100 and 300 Pascal’s should be used if there is no other value offered by the client or clients’ representative.

*** 0.42 is a good average value for 4.2% Novec 1230 concentration.

**** 0.5<c2<1; to simplify the formula, use c2=1

• 250 kg Novec 1230 to be discharged (within 10 seconds).

• Maximum overpressure allowed = 300 Pa.

• A = [(25 x 0.072)/ (√300 x 4.2)] x 1

= 1.8 / 35.5

= 0.05 m2

Therefore, 0.05 m² free venting area is required.

Design Layout of Novec1230 gas suppression system for Library

Design Layout of Novec1230 gas suppression system for Store & Pharmacy

The designing of Novec 1230 gas fire suppression system is achieved based on design criteria provided by one of the leading supplier of the product ‘Tyco’. We are positive that we have fulfilled the design requirements for the selected two areas of the building i.e., library and store & pharmacy of a hospital. Even though the initial cost of the installing Novec 1230 clean agent is high, it has its own advantages over the conventional fire extinguishing systems of protecting the environment and irreplaceable valuable things.

Conclusion

Thank you..!!