34
Nov 2001; CIAO Intro to XRay Analysis; Huenemoerder and Smith

Nov 2001; CIAO Intro to XRay Analysis; Huenemoerder and Smith · Nov 2001; CIAO Intro to XRay Analysis; Huenemoerder and Smith "!# %$ &(') ) *,+ -.'0/1 & '2 3 465 798: 7;')7 &=?8@

  • Upload
    others

  • View
    1

  • Download
    0

Embed Size (px)

Citation preview

Page 1: Nov 2001; CIAO Intro to XRay Analysis; Huenemoerder and Smith · Nov 2001; CIAO Intro to XRay Analysis; Huenemoerder and Smith "!# %$ &(') ) *,+ -.'0/1 & '2 3 465 798: 7;')7 &=?8@

Nov

200

1; C

IAO

Int

ro to

XR

ay A

naly

sis;

Hue

nem

oerd

er a

nd S

mith

� � ��� � ��� � � � � � ���������

� ��� � � ����� �"!#�%$��&(')�)� *,+�-.'0/1��& '2� 3 465 798 : 7;')7 � &<7>=?8@�)/A�

B(CEDGFIHKJ�LNMPO�MPQSRTMVU1HNMPU@WYX[Z]\�^_`CaO�HbCdcec�fgQhFjilk W]m;npoq^

r0sPtvuxwxy1z{u| M[HNME}�~PU1Fe�)M�FeO ��MEO�MVU�Cac�i�MPUAQh}�kNR�� �NLT� FeO�~PF��

H�MPO�i�R�O�CaO��`��_`CE��i�MEcIMP}l~VR��)M>R��N}lMVU�D�C�i�R�U��@Fe}�i�U�CaON}��n�R�U1QSMVH�FeO�i�R�ilk�M�H�M�i�MV~�i�MPH�}AFe��O"Cac)DGF Cqi�kNM�UAME}l�)R�ON}lMR¡n¢i�kNM£FeON}?i�U?LNQ�MEO�il}¥¤¦CaO�H ilk�MEO H�MP}l~VU?Fe�)M£ilk�M£}A�0M��~EF¨§�~q©6FeO�H�}�R¡n.§�cIMP}�CaO�H�R��0MPU�C¥ilFIR�ON}>�>M L�}�M�FeOªHbC�iECCaO"Cacj�G}AFe}¥«¬\�kNFe} �`Fecec�FeON~PceL�H�M�CaO R�D�MVU�DGFIM�� R¡n>HbC�iEC�NUARTHGL�~�i�}�¤�~�CdceFe�NU�C¥ilFIR�OS§NcIME}¥¤�CaONH­CdO2Cacj�G}lFe}��NU1RTH�L�~�il}ONMVMVH�MVH n�R�U<FIQ�Ca��FeON�b¤¦FIQ¬Ca��FeON� }l�)MV~�i�UAR�}l~VR����T¤®H�Fe}���)MVU?}AFjD6M�}A�0MP~�i�U1R�}l~VR�����CaO�H�ilFIQSFeO��SFeO�D�MP}?i�Fe�6C�ilFIR�ON}�«

Page 2: Nov 2001; CIAO Intro to XRay Analysis; Huenemoerder and Smith · Nov 2001; CIAO Intro to XRay Analysis; Huenemoerder and Smith "!# %$ &(') ) *,+ -.'0/1 & '2 3 465 798: 7;')7 &=?8@

Nov

200

1; C

IAO

Int

ro to

XR

ay A

naly

sis;

Hue

nem

oerd

er a

nd S

mith

������������ ��������� ����������������� !��"��$#�%'&)(+*-,)(.�+(/����(�01*��� !� 232

46587 9;:=<!>@?A7 9;B=C <!D=EGF ?IHKJ3?I:8L;M NPOQLR5=7 9Q9SLT<@LR?IUV?WDPLYX3Z

Page 3: Nov 2001; CIAO Intro to XRay Analysis; Huenemoerder and Smith · Nov 2001; CIAO Intro to XRay Analysis; Huenemoerder and Smith "!# %$ &(') ) *,+ -.'0/1 & '2 3 465 798: 7;')7 &=?8@

Nov

200

1; C

IAO

Int

ro to

XR

ay A

naly

sis;

Hue

nem

oerd

er a

nd S

mith

������������ ��������� ����������������� !��"��$#�%'&)(+*-,)(.�+(/����(�01*��� !� ��������������� �������������������������� � !���

"$#�%'&�(*)�(,+,-. /10 24365 %'&�(,+,-. /10 2798;:<7=8$>?A@ %'&�(*)�( : (,BC%1+,-ED >? (�+F-. /G0 2IH %

: ( >? -. /10 2J �����K �� LM���N�POI !�� ����,�Q������ OSRF�; UTVXWQY�Z\[^]`_`a V _'a V bdcfe`bdY�Z\[^]`_hg\i\YU]`Yj[lkhm1a V g\i\Y�]�bncIk�e'_okhm�pq khmGa

r s B%M�i�MV~�i�MPH �)R�}AFjilFIR�O Wotvuhw£��F��NMPc R�O ilkNMqH�M�i�MV~�i�R�U�^x s B`M�i�MP~�i�MVH y ��CPD�MPcIMEON�¡ilkEz W CG« ©0« CG« ¤{y}|�L�ce}�M�J�MPFe��k�iSo(Q<�

��ceFji�LNHNM~z¬R�U�| J>oq^� s \�FIQSM� s Z O�~EFIHNMPO�i���CED6MEcIMPO���ilk WxR�U>MEO�MPU1�¡�b^�� s Z]ON~PFIHNMEO�i CdO���cIM�W�R�U�tvuhw�R�O�i�kNM }l©��b^

��� W r u x u � ^ ~VR�QSMP}�n�U1R�Q \�k�M>npL�O�H2CdQSMPO�iECacN§�cIM¢R¡n)�`�{U�CP�­Cd}��i�U1R�ONR�Q��T¤�ilk�M �E�f������������� «���C¡~lk �E�f����� k2Ca}%C�QSM�Ca}lLNU1MVHWotvuhwb^l� �)R�}AFjilFIR�O�R�O HNM�i�MP~�i�R�UK�x � H�M�i�MV~�i�R�U��NLNce}lMqkNMPFe��k�i<W]Cace}�R�¤S| J�o ^� � ilFIQSM R�n.U1M�CdHNR�Lgi

��Cd~�k R�n�ilk�ME}�M�Fe}�FIQS�NU1MV~PFe}lMPcj� ©6O�R �%Of� LNON~VMPU�i�CaFeO�ilFIMP}�R�OM�Cd~�k¬D�CaceL�MqCdU1M%n�UAM��L�MEO�ilcj�£~PR�U1U1MPc C�i�MVH «M��Cd~�k£Fe}�U1MPc C�i�MVH¬i�R,CHNME}lFIU1MPH �Nk��G}lFI~�Cdcf��L2CaO�ilFji �£R�n�ilk�M�}�R�L�U1~PM�«

Page 4: Nov 2001; CIAO Intro to XRay Analysis; Huenemoerder and Smith · Nov 2001; CIAO Intro to XRay Analysis; Huenemoerder and Smith "!# %$ &(') ) *,+ -.'0/1 & '2 3 465 798: 7;')7 &=?8@

Nov

200

1; C

IAO

Int

ro to

XR

ay A

naly

sis;

Hue

nem

oerd

er a

nd S

mith

������������ ��������� ����������������� !��"��$#�%'&)(+*-,)(.�+(/����(�01*��� !� �\�k�M%M�D�MPO�i�� } H�M�i�MV~�i�R�U��)R�}lFjilFIR�O�Fe};~VR�O�D�MPU�i�MPH�i�R<C }�©��,�0Ra�

}AFji�FIR�OhL�}lFeO�� ilk�M;i�MEcIMP}l~VR��0M�� } �������� ��������� ������ « \�k�M��0R�}AFji�FIR�OFe}¢}�QSM�C¡U1MPH ���¬ilk�M�i�MPcIMP}l~VR��)MqR��gi�FI~�Cac.Cd�)MVU1U�C�ilFIR�O�}¥«\�k�M M�D�MPO�i�� } �NL�ce}�M kNMPFe��k�i WpFeO C m¢m�B��a��U1R��0R�U�ilFIR�O2Cac

~VR�L�O�i�MVU��dQSFI~PU1RT~�k"CaONONMPc"�Nc C�i�M�^ Fe}�UAMEc C�i�MPHSi�R ilk�M�FeO�~EFIHNMPO�i>�`�U�CP��� } MPONMVU?�¡�[DGF C­ilkNM�HNM�i�MV~�i�R�U�� } ������ �!�"�#�$&%"�'�( ����)*�� ������ +CaO�Rdilk�MPU }�QSM�C¡U?FeO��2«

,�ONcIME}l}.ilkNM�U1MP}A�0R�ON}lM®Fe} ONM�CdU-%"� ��./�0�1�"��W�R�U.Ca�N��U1RV��FIQ¬C¥i�MEcj�C�HNMPcji�C¬npLNO�~�ilFIR�O2^E¤���Mh~�CdO�O�Rdi FeO�D�MVU�i ilk�M�npL�O�HbC¡QSMEO�i�Cdc U1M��}A�0R�ON}lM M���L2C�i�FIR�O�« J¢MEO�~VM�¤<�>M C¡H�HNU1MP}A} ilk�ME}�M }lQSM�CdU?FeON��}��� ~PR�O�D6R�cjDGFeO��KCaO ���2�2�435$%SQSRTHNMEc R¡n�ilk�M<}�R�L�U1~PM#ilk�U1R�LN��kilk�M�FeON}?i�U1LNQSMPO�i%U1MP}A�0R�O�}�MSWp}�Ra�Y~�CacecIMVH 6�����78�"�9%�:�6����;%��<�=. ^ CaO�H~VR�Qh�"CdU?FeON� ilkNM�QSM�Cd}AL�U1MPH CaONH QSRTH�MPcIMVH U1MP}ALNcjil}¥« >?��@��>M�NL�FecIHhCaO�FeO�}1i�U?L�QSMPO�i �`Fji�k�C�QSR�U1M®ONM�CdU?cj��HGF Ca��R�O2Cdc�U1MP}A�0R�ON}lMW�M�« �b«I¤gH�FBA"U�Cd~�ilFIR�O���U�C�i�FeO���}�^E«

Page 5: Nov 2001; CIAO Intro to XRay Analysis; Huenemoerder and Smith · Nov 2001; CIAO Intro to XRay Analysis; Huenemoerder and Smith "!# %$ &(') ) *,+ -.'0/1 & '2 3 465 798: 7;')7 &=?8@

Nov

200

1; C

IAO

Int

ro to

XR

ay A

naly

sis;

Hue

nem

oerd

er a

nd S

mith

������������ ��������� ����������������� !��"��$#�%'&)(+*-,)(.�+(/����(�01*��� !� �

\�k�MP� D�MPO�i�� FecIMqFe}���R�L�U��GU1FIMEO�H��

�¦MP~VR�QSM FeO�ilFIQ¬C¥i�M �`FjilkªFji¥«���Fe}?i`Fjia« |�cIRdi%Fji¥«� Fecji�MPU`Fji¥«>fTceFI~PM H�FI~VM Fji¥«� ��������������������������� "!��$#&%(')�*���+��,����- , ���.���/�0'�,"12���3)�� +4���,$��56 7�6 8�2$9- , � 8����: ;��<��� 2 =">$ ?$����@� A$ $���*1:��>��:��,��B �)�C�: � ?$ �����D E&%FE� EHGIEH%ID E 9 J - 2 2K��,"1 1� )�C>),����)�L�$@M��,M�N����O� "�.>$,)�L�# ����� ��� PL����# Q&GFR - - A�1� �>),"1��:�L�$@� .!� ����S �$,�� ��� PL����# Q&G S - - A��� .1:�"���T1� �"� ,���������>)����')�. .1T�$,��� U "�.>��), PL��� U Q&GV# B�U E U D S W�U E 6���>),$�L��1� YX�,�' -�- A�'"1$���: Z �L[<�L>H\]�L[<�L>$�&^_��[���>�=�` >����� � PL����# B G B Q�# U - [���>���, ,"1 �:�W � �� .�a\b� �� .���&^I��� "� =�` >����� � PL����# B GFD B R�# c - P.9+�)�"�� "���� .�� �����,.1d�.,�,"1 �)���)�.�� )�E � "�e\f�� .���a^V�� .� =�` >����� � ?$ ���� U Q&% Z QHGFD B R #&% Z Q c - P.9Y� "�� �����,"1g��, ,.1��)�L�:���� )�D �L5�=e\f�&^I=<` >����� � ?$ ���� U Q&% Z QHGFD B R #&% Z Q ��5 =K�.,�,"1��$���)�.�� $�R >�[:� �.�.� PL��� U Q&G S�W D Z�Z ��,.�$���M> �:���� M[$ $��@.[��,�'� "!� ����B Q ��) .1�@�= .7 ?$ ���� U Q&G B %F W �),��N�L�:� �+ ��) .1�@"=�,�'� .!� ����h\_ .7<`B B >�� �L[:��� PL��� U B G B Q�# U > �)�$�� g����!��.1)�"����� ��) "1 @�=�,"'� "!� ����B # '��.� @�1$�.�� PL����# Q&GV# Z Z "!� �����@�1$�.�� e^�'�����@.[��K�*=:�*�� *�B*S @"1$�.�� PL����# Q&GFE 3<�L� �$ �� .!� �����@�1��"�� B�U ���$���"�/�ji U�k 4:���e\ U ` "!� ����l�*�$���"�<�m3<�*���� �������������������+[�1)� .! ��#&%I'$���:�+�., �$�

- , ���.���/�0'�,"12���3)�� +4���,$��56 7�6 8�2$9- , � 8����: ;��<��� 2 =.>) ?)�*�$@� A$ $����1)��>��:�.,��B �)�C�: � ?$ � �"D W %IR E&GFE&%FQ �E �:�]�� Y�$�.@�,�'���.�$�M1� $��,"1 �# 1 �e\V��@ 1H^I��@ ��` � �@ ?$ � � U O #a%FQHG #&%IQ n�1��.�:�L�$@��*�$@��:� ��1d�.,�,"1 �:�S �L[<�L>H\]�L[<�L>$�&^_��[���>�=�` >����� � PL���$# B G U Q R W - [���>��.,�,"1 �:�U � �� .�a\b� �� .���&^I��� "� =�` >����� � PL��� U B G U R S�W D 2�� "�K�.,�,"1 �:�Z � "�e\f�� .���a^V�� .� =�` >����� � ?$ � � U QH% Z QHG W Z�Z S W % Z Q A$ .�K�., ,.1��)�W �L5�=e\f�&^I=<` >����� � ?$ � � U QH% Z QHG W Z�Z S W % Z Q 9�5 =K�., ,.1��)�E �L[<�L> ��� PL���$# B G SD >�[:� PL���$# QHGF# Z ZR >�� PL���$# QHGF# Z ZB Q � @ � PL���$# O W #&G W # A���' '�1����*�:�.,���,.1��� .1o\(�p`B B � @ � ��� �*�$@:��� 1�,*� ?$ � � U QHG U Q Q&%FQ q)��!� ��" ���@��"[o\r������3����$`B # � @ �<� �L� �*�$@:��� 1�,*� ?$ � � U O U Q QH%IQHG U Q Q&%FQ s.1 �� "1Y�:�C�: )�0q$�.!� �� ��$@��.[h\t�vuY� �B*S � @ �*1:����� PL���$# QHG S #�E W E ��,���1:�� gP�AH^w������ ��Y'�1�,��K�� .�� $�*���B�U � @ >:�.1�� PL���$# QHGIR R x�6 n&^zy�6 n&^z{�6�na^zx�6$9�|1� "@)�.,��/�B Z � @ �]�<�*> PL���$# QHG S #�E W E ��,���1:�� 0�<�*>~}�'�� �"@)��'�,.1Y� >���, B QB*W ���$���"�/�ji U�k 4:�*�a\ U ` "!� ����d�*�$���"�<��3<���:�

Page 6: Nov 2001; CIAO Intro to XRay Analysis; Huenemoerder and Smith · Nov 2001; CIAO Intro to XRay Analysis; Huenemoerder and Smith "!# %$ &(') ) *,+ -.'0/1 & '2 3 465 798: 7;')7 &=?8@

Nov

200

1; C

IAO

Int

ro to

XR

ay A

naly

sis;

Hue

nem

oerd

er a

nd S

mith

������������ ��������� ����������������� !��"��$#�%'&)(+*-,)(.�+(/����(�01*��� !� �

f�i�Cd��ME}¢R�n9B(C�iECA|9UARTHGL�~�i�}

� ���n��� �E����� � W�� M�D�MPc�^� MVU�� U�CE�% � ��� �����������GR��l�� ��������}��� }R�������� U� -

�����<� ��������� W�� M�D6MEc! �^}l~�CacIMVH ¤�Ca}l�)MV~�i�~VR�U1U1MV~�i�MPH% �#"$�&% '��(*)�+-,."$)/+-01) ��� }R2�43 -

5#687 �/� � 9M��: �S�;9M�����<� W���M�D�MPc! �«>=�^\ U�CaON}lQhFe}l}AFIR�O���U�C�ilFeON�% ? � � � ��� UT������� A@�RU�4�^ U ���=����K� � -

B ���n�;������9DCE� 6 �;��� �;���F� �;��9DCFG ��� �M��9 � W�� M�D6MEcIH�^J RTRTH H�M�i�MV~�i�FIR�O�}¥¤g��RTRTH�Ca}l�)MV~�ia¤6��RTRTH���F��NMPce}��f�iEC�ilFe}?i�FI~�Cac9§�cji�MVU?}¬W�~VR�}lQhFI~,U�CP�G}�¤�}?i�UAM�Cd©6}¥¤)��cIR��`FeON� �NF��T�MEce}�^~�o�cecIR �`}�~VR�ON}?i�U1LN~�ilFIR�O R�n L�}�MPU�� cIM�D�MPc�HbC�iECG¤;n�U1R�Q �`kNFI~�k��R�L�~�CaO�Q¬Cd©�MLK !� ������������Q��^ URU�����! M�KTK #�}� R � ����� �N� �!��(

Page 7: Nov 2001; CIAO Intro to XRay Analysis; Huenemoerder and Smith · Nov 2001; CIAO Intro to XRay Analysis; Huenemoerder and Smith "!# %$ &(') ) *,+ -.'0/1 & '2 3 465 798: 7;')7 &=?8@

Nov

200

1; C

IAO

Int

ro to

XR

ay A

naly

sis;

Hue

nem

oerd

er a

nd S

mith

������������ ��������� ����������������� !��"��$#�%'&)(+*-,)(.�+(/����(�01*��� !� �

��FecIMo�GR�U1Q¬C�i�}

X�R�}?i��`�{U�CP� Ca}1i�U1R�O�R�QhFI~�Cac�HbC¥i�C §NcIME} ~VR�QSMªFeO y$� Z \%f�zn�R�U1Q�C�i;W���cIM���Fe��cIM�Z]Q¬Cd��M \ U�CaO�}l�)R�U�i f��G}1i�MPQ�^E« \�kNMP}lM�~VR�ON}AFe}?iR¡nTR�O�M R�U�QSR�U1M�cIR���FI~�Cac���cIRT~�©6}�¤�M�Cd~�k R¡n��`kNFI~�k k"Ca} CCyYk�M�CdH�MVU^zCaO�H C y H2C�i�C;z­~VR�Qh�)R�ONMPO�i¥«�\�k�M@kNM�CdHNMPU`Fe}qC,ceFe}1i(R¡n }?i�U?FeON��}�`kNFI~�k��)R¡ilk H�MP}l~VU?Fe�0ME}�ilk�M�n�R�U1Q�C�i R¡n�ilkNM(H2C�i�C�FeO�ilk�M��NcIRT~�©CaO�H�HNRT~EL�QSMPO�il} �`k"C�i>ilkNMqHbC¥i�C�~PR�O�i�CdFeO�} K� �������+�������������������*'�Q Q W�BLU�� Q�Q�#�8�Q Q # � "! ��#&%(')�����ei 6�7�6 8"2$9 k [) �"�� .1

O O�O O�O O O�O O�O O O�O O�O O O�O O�O O O�O O"O O�O O"O O O�O�O�O O"O O�O O"O O O�O�O�O O"O O�O O"O O O�O�O�O O"O O�O O"O O Ox$ �"� "1Y5� "=��M' ,"1Y3)��,$��56 7�6 8�2$9O O�O O�O O O�O O�O O O�O O�O O O�O O�O O O�O O"O O�O O"O O O�O�O�O O"O O�O O"O O O�O�O�O O"O O�O O"O O O�O�O�O O"O O�O O"O O O% %�%Q Q�Q E+A�c�2 6 #"Q Q Q O B # O B Q"2 B EHGIQ Z GV#�R 9.��1:�L�$@ A)�.�� ��������:�C�: �,�'�'$�"�� ���1� �.�)�.,��Q Q�Q D+A�c�2 6�O s�4$9 #"Q Q Q O�Q S O #"E"2�Q U G U Q&G S�U 9.��1:�L�$@ A)�.�� ��������:�C�: �,�'�,�3/�� .1 !��.�:��,��d�*���.1 �Q Q�Q R+A�c�2 6�O.6�8�A #"Q Q Q O�Q S O #"E"2 B*W G U�W G S�U 9.��1:�L�$@ A)�.�� ��������:�C�: �,�'�,�3/�� .1 !��.�:��,��d�*��,�>Q Q #�QY2�9.2�c.?�2 E Q Z B R # S�U % W"U E D U U Q Q B E ?$ � �"D s�3/�� "1�!$�.�)�.,��l�*���.1����:�]�� Q Q # B 2�9.2$s�� E Q Z W #"E R U % Z D W R S W R R Z U ?$ � �"D s�3/�� "1�!$�.�)�.,��� ������:�]�� Q Q # U y�P.9 9�P.s�8 c�� c�| 9.��1:�L�$@ y���������,��Q Q # Z 2�6 { 6�9 - s� - x�c�8"A ?�c 9.��1:�L�$@ 2� ��" )�"�.,�>$ Q Q # W P�8$9.2"?�; y�6 c - P.9 9.��1:�L�$@ PL�/��� 1.�"�� ����Q Q #�E+A 6 2 8 c"y c - P.9�O U Z W E�D R 9.��1:�L�$@ A$ "�� $�*��,"1Q Q #�D�n.?�c�2:P*8 n x 6 2�n 9.��1:�L�$@ n�1$���:�L�$@Q Q #�R�s�4��6 - 2 | � - s�y$J�x�A B B E Z Z�Z 9.��1:�L�$@ 9�,���1:�� M�:�L�� Q Q S QY2:P*2 {�6 | � - s�y~G�9�x�?)s�; A�6"AKP*8y��$9.2�6�?���9.��1:�L�$@ � 1�,�>),$�.� �M�:������ Q Q S�B s�4$9.6"?�7�6�? A 1~% A$ .1� �54"�����$�"� 9.��1:�L�$@ � 1:�L�<����>:��������!� $�*�:��@�����,"1Q Q S #s�4$9 � P�A W:B�U 9.��1:�L�$@ s�3/�� "1�!$�.�)�.,��K���

Page 8: Nov 2001; CIAO Intro to XRay Analysis; Huenemoerder and Smith · Nov 2001; CIAO Intro to XRay Analysis; Huenemoerder and Smith "!# %$ &(') ) *,+ -.'0/1 & '2 3 465 798: 7;')7 &=?8@

Nov

200

1; C

IAO

Int

ro to

XR

ay A

naly

sis;

Hue

nem

oerd

er a

nd S

mith

������������ ��������� ����������������� !��"��$#�%'&)(+*-,)(.�+(/����(�01*��� !� �

\�k�M H2C�i�C��NcIRT~�© ~�CaO MPFjilkNMVU,�)MªCaO FIQ¬Ca��M W]CaO CdUAU�CE� R¡nO6LNQ��)MVU�^SR�U�C i�Ca�NcIM WpceFI©�M C }A��U1M�CdHG}lkNMVM�i�^<�%Fjilk C O"CdQSMVH~VR�ceLNQSO�}`Wp}AL�~�kSCa}<� ��� �ICf���M� ���-�C� � 9 ��9;^�CaO�HhC�O6L�Q#�0MPUR¡n U1R �%}�«� �������+�������������������*'�Q Q W�BLU�� Q�Q�#�8�Q Q # � "! ��#&%(')����� 3:�",$��5<�

O O�O O�O O O�O O�O O O�O O�O O O�O O�O O O�O O"O O�O O"O O O�O�O�O O"O O�O O"O O O�O�O�O O"O O�O O"O O O�O�O�O O"O O�O O"O O O�O�O�OA)���$���� "� G��������*'�Q Q W�BLU�� Q�Q�#�8�Q Q # � "! ��#a%(')�����O O�O O�O O O�O O�O O O�O O�O O O�O O�O O O�O O"O O�O O"O O O�O�O�O O"O O�O O"O O O�O�O�O O"O O�O O"O O O�O�O�O O"O O�O O"O O O�O�O�O

4���,$��58$�L�� 2 =.>) A��C�: ��<���.,��/�O O�O O�O O O�O O�O O O�O O�O O O�O O�O O O�O O"O O�O O"O O O�O�O�O O"O O�O O"O O O�O�O�O O"O O�O O"O O O�O�O�O O"O O�O O"O O O�O�O�O4$�",$��5 B G �"?<PLy�c"?�� 8"�:���4$�",$��5 #&G 6�7 6�8 2$9 2$��3)�� # B �., �$�M� U #�# Z E E 1�,.q<�4$�",$��5 S Gzn"2�P�E 2$��3)�� #��., �$�M� B 1�,.q<�4$�",$��5 U Gzn"2�P U 2$��3)�� #��., �$�M� B 1�,.q<�4$�",$��5 Z Gzn"2�P Z 2$��3)�� #��., �$�M� B 1�,.q<�4$�",$��5 W Gzn"2�P W 2$��3)�� #��., �$�M�g# 1�,.q<�4$�",$��5 EHGzn"2�P�D 2$��3)�� #��., �$�M�g# 1�,.q<�4$�",$��5 DHGzn"2�P�R 2$��3)�� #��., �$�M� B 1�,.q<�4$�",$��5 RHG ? 6�n)P.s.8 2$��3)�� Dg�., �$�M� S 1�,.q<�

� �������+�������������������*'�Q Q W�BLU�� Q�Q�#�8�Q Q # � "! ��#&%(')�����ei 6�7�6 8"2$9 k �., �$�

O O�O O�O O O�O O�O O O�O O�O O O�O O�O O O�O O"O O�O O"O O O�O�O�O O"O O�O O"O O O�O�O�O O"O O�O O"O O O�O�O�O O"O O�O O"O O O�O�O�O O- , ���.���/�0'�,"12���3)�� +4���,$��56 7�6 8�2$9O O�O O�O O O�O O�O O O�O O�O O O�O O�O O O�O O"O O�O O"O O O�O�O�O O"O O�O O"O O O�O�O�O O"O O�O O"O O O�O�O�O O"O O�O O"O O O�O�O�O O

- , �.8�, 8����� ; ����� 2 =.>) ?)�*�$@ 8"�)� �B �)�C�� � ?� �����D E Q Z B R # S�U % W GFE Q Z W #�E R U % Z O��)�C�: +�$�.@�,�'�����$�+1� $�.,# "�.> �$, PC��� U QHGV# B�U E U D S W"U E OS 1 �e\b� @ � 1H^F� @ � ��` �� "@ ?� ���� U O #&%IQHG #a%FQ O n"1$���:����@�����@.�)� �.1g�., ,U �L[<��>&\]�L[<��>��&^_��[<�L>�=�` ><���� �� PC����# B G B Q�# U O - [<�L>��., ,.1��)�Z � �� "�e\b� �� "� �&^I���� .� =�` ><���� �� PC����# B GFD B R # O 2 �� .�K�., ,.1��)�W � "�a\b�� .���&^F�� .� =<` ><���� �� ?� ���� U QH% Z QHG D B R�#a% Z Q O A� "�K��, ,"1 �:�E �L5�=a\b�&^I=<` ><���� �� ?� ���� U QH% Z QHG D B R�#a% Z Q O 9�5�=K��, ,"1 �:�D ����� � ��� PC����# QHGFR OR >�[:� PC��� U QHG S�W D Z Z OB Q >�� PC����# B G B Q�# U OB B ��) "1 @�= ?� ���� U QHG B Q Q�Q Q Q�QH%IQ OB # @"1$�"� PC����# QHGFE O% %�%

Page 9: Nov 2001; CIAO Intro to XRay Analysis; Huenemoerder and Smith · Nov 2001; CIAO Intro to XRay Analysis; Huenemoerder and Smith "!# %$ &(') ) *,+ -.'0/1 & '2 3 465 798: 7;')7 &=?8@

Nov

200

1; C

IAO

Int

ro to

XR

ay A

naly

sis;

Hue

nem

oerd

er a

nd S

mith

������������ ��������� ����������������� !��"��$#�%'&)(+*-,)(.�+(/����(�01*��� !� �\ R J M�i>| k"C�i��;R�L£| CdO�ia«P«V«

o�cec�ilk"C�i¦}?iECaONH�}��)M�iY��MPMPOS�6R�L�CaO�HS\ U?LGilk ¤ ��W � u �� ^ ¤�Fe}®ilk�M�&(� ��0� �� ¤��`kNFI~�k�HNME�0MEO�H�}�LN�)R�O�i�kNM(ilkNUAMPMq~PU?Fji�FI~�Cac�Fji�MPQS}�K

�«�m¢CaceFe��U�C�ilFIR�O�¤

HG« � 7>=�/��<��7;'0/?�(&��

� « ��� �������� ������

W�\�k�M�U1MP}?i¢Fe} y���L�}1i�z<}�R¡n iY�`CdU1M�¤6R�U?�6CaONF ��C¥ilFIR�O ¤�CaONH[CaO"Cacj�G}AFe}¥« ^

Page 10: Nov 2001; CIAO Intro to XRay Analysis; Huenemoerder and Smith · Nov 2001; CIAO Intro to XRay Analysis; Huenemoerder and Smith "!# %$ &(') ) *,+ -.'0/1 & '2 3 465 798: 7;')7 &=?8@

Nov

200

1; C

IAO

Int

ro to

XR

ay A

naly

sis;

Hue

nem

oerd

er a

nd S

mith

������������ ��������� ����������������� !��"��$#�%'&)(+*-,)(.�+(/����(�01*��� !� �

� ����: 6 � ��� Fe}�~PR�Qh�NU1Fe}lMVH�R¡n KX�FIU1U1R�U¢C¡U1M�C W���A"MV~�ilFjD�Mqo�UAM�C�^X�FIU1U1R�U��0R�FeO�i?�{}A��U1M�C¡H6� npL�O�~�ilFIR�O W�|�f � ^J U�C�ilFeON�,H�FBA"U�Cd~�ilFIR�O[M���~PFIMEO�~��J U�C�ilFeON��ceFeO�M�� }l�NU1M�CdHT�]npLNO�~�ilFIR�O W�� f � ^B`M�i�MP~�i�R�U ��L"CaO�ilLNQ M���~PFIMPON~�� W��P��^B`M�i�MP~�i�R�U>U1MVHGFe}1i�U?Fe�NLgi�FIR�O�npL�O�~�i�FIR�O W{_%X � ^\�FIQSM��{HNME�0MEO�HNMEO�i�~PRTR�U1HGFeO"C�i�M�i�U�CaO�}An�R�U1Q¬C¥ilFIR�ON}�W�� � �� ^Wpo�}A�)MV~�i�}lR�ceLGilFIR�O ¤ y H�FjilkNMVU^z6^

Page 11: Nov 2001; CIAO Intro to XRay Analysis; Huenemoerder and Smith · Nov 2001; CIAO Intro to XRay Analysis; Huenemoerder and Smith "!# %$ &(') ) *,+ -.'0/1 & '2 3 465 798: 7;')7 &=?8@

Nov

200

1; C

IAO

Int

ro to

XR

ay A

naly

sis;

Hue

nem

oerd

er a

nd S

mith

������������ ��������� ����������������� !��"��$#�%'&)(+*-,)(.�+(/����(�01*��� !� �

\¢kNM�m¢CaceFe��U�C�ilFIR�O B(C�iECa�2Cd}lMhW]m ov�.B�� ^\�k�M �������� Fe}qChH�FIU1MV~�i�R�U���i�UAMPMq�`kNFI~�kK~VR�O�i�CaFeON} ��Cd}AFI~

m¢CaceFe��U�C�i�FIR�O � FecIME} W�� m�� ^�CaONH m¢CaceFe��U�C�ilFIR�O |9U1RTH�L�~�i ��FecIMP}W]m�|�� ��HNMPU1FjD�MPH[n�U1R�Q � m���^ FeO � Z \%f n�R�U1Q�C�i��`Fji�k�H�MP}l~VU?Fe�g�ilFjD�M�kNM�CdHNMPU?}¥« \�k�ME}�M CdU1MªLN}lMVH ��� ilk�M CaO"Cacj�G}lFe}¬}�R¡n iY�`CdU1MFeO�R�U1HNMPU i�R@~VU1M�C�i�M�UAME}l�)R�ON}lM`Q¬C�i�U?FI~VMP}�¤�i�MPcIMP}l~VR��)M¢DGFe��O�M�i1i�FeO��npLNON~�ilFIR�ON}�¤GCaONH�ilk�M%ceFI©�M�«� ������������ � � � � % � $% ��� �&� ��:��)*�9� ������ � ���$ � 3 � �&����$% �0� �$�� �'��&%��

J��<�*1$J���,��"� ��J"���.�$��J��.� �"��3:J.�����$�&G��[)���$�"1$�1�,$�.�.������

J��<�*1$J���,��"� ��J"���.�$��J��.� �"��3:J.�����$� J��L[)������1��&G��� � � �> [����[�1:�><�"�.����C��� ��

J��/��1$J���,$�.� ��J"�����$��J��"���"��3:J"������� J ��[)������1$��J���� ���jG3���'�L>$'�L�$� ��

J*�/��1$J �",$�.� � J.�����$� J��"���"�.3)J"� �.��� J ��[:�*���"1$�"J ��� ���.J��L>�'HG#.�.>/�*'' �':�,$����>1��:'

J*�/��1$J �",$�.� � J.�����$� J��"���"�.3)J"���.��� J��L[)�*�$�.1$��J � � ����J*3���'&G3)�"�.>���� .! ���C>:���@������@"1$�"� @"�:�"���C��

J*�/�*1�J �",$�"��� J.���.��� J��"� �.�.3)J"� �.�$��J��L[:���$�"1$�"J ����� ��J�3:��'�J � HG�������LA B R�R W O B B O�Q B � ���8�Q Q Q B %t')�*����������LA B R�R R O�Q R O B�W � ���8�Q Q Q B %t')�*����������LA B R�R R O�Q R O B�W � ���8�Q Q Q #&%t')�*����������LA)#�Q�Q Q O�Q B O #"R � ���8�Q Q Q B %t')�*����������LA B R�R E O�Q U O B E � .8�Q�Q Q S %I'����:�

Page 12: Nov 2001; CIAO Intro to XRay Analysis; Huenemoerder and Smith · Nov 2001; CIAO Intro to XRay Analysis; Huenemoerder and Smith "!# %$ &(') ) *,+ -.'0/1 & '2 3 465 798: 7;')7 &=?8@

Nov

200

1; C

IAO

Int

ro to

XR

ay A

naly

sis;

Hue

nem

oerd

er a

nd S

mith

������������ ��������� ����������������� !��"��$#�%'&)(+*-,)(.�+(/����(�01*��� !� ���o�O"Cacj�G}AFe} |9UAME�"CdU�C�i�FIR�O

� � 6�� � 687 � 9F� ��� �| MVU1M y?CaLGi�R�Q�C�ilFI~lz,~�CaceFe��U�C�ilFIR�O�} Cd~V~EL�U�C�i�M���M ! ? �� 39�l���P� } F��* U�R ���N�RF�� ���� UM � ��� ��)����� !� +-, " � ��(E � !��4)�����l� � �����Q��* '��L �N��� OI �� 0o��� F}R � �l� � % LMO�0 - ��� �KTK �}� R � 4�;����Q��^ <�F�� �; U ��� ('(�(J T �� � UT ������ RF}���lR, ��'�lR� �,�,� ���)J T �� � UT J T����� RU� ? ��{� ��������1�R���� � �~ U���R������K��(

� �M����� � �4����G;��� � � 6 � � �d��� ��%O�R � �6R�LNU¢m�o �.B��

�4�RF�, ���������~ F4� R, � !�, ����) ��� UT 3 � �~ �jTC���~ ��{��RF�N�����* U� � 0 �R,�� ��RF� �* �,�, ����� } � ����

������:F� ��� � ��� �M��9 � G ����� � � ��� 6 � � �| k"C�i>iY�G�0M�R¡n CaO2Cdcj�G}AFe}�Fe}>i�R��0M HNR�ONM��+4RU !� �lR 3 �������, !� �RU�~ U ���� � 5 :F� ��� �4�

5 : ��� �����4� � ��� : 6 �����

! ���������lR 3 ������F !� �RU�~ U !�������! �Q��* FRU�� R, �,���!�; � !����)! � �~ U ���R,��F�� �; U ����)! ��� R1�}��; F��� ')OS ���Q�RU��QR,��F�� �; U ����)! M�K������N���� 3 (

Page 13: Nov 2001; CIAO Intro to XRay Analysis; Huenemoerder and Smith · Nov 2001; CIAO Intro to XRay Analysis; Huenemoerder and Smith "!# %$ &(') ) *,+ -.'0/1 & '2 3 465 798: 7;')7 &=?8@

Nov

200

1; C

IAO

Int

ro to

XR

ay A

naly

sis;

Hue

nem

oerd

er a

nd S

mith

������������ ��������� ����������������� !��"��$#�%'&)(+*-,)(.�+(/����(�01*��� !� �j�� FeO£i�kNM#B(C�i�C#o(~P~VR�U1H�FeON�,i�R�o�O2Cacj�G}lFe}�\��G�0M

5 :F� � � ���*� ,�}lM ��������� i�R,Q¬Cd©�M(FIQ�Ca��MP}��� ��Fjilk�MPU>�0R�FeO�i%R�U M��gi�MPO�H�MVH�}�R�L�U1~PM �� ,�}AL"Cacecj��R�O£ilk�M ������������¤���������������¤6R�U����������«

5 : ��� �����4�}� ,�}lM ��� �"!�#$&%�'# R�U #�(&��!�#$�%��# i�R Q�Cd©�M}A�0MP~�i�U�C �� ��R����YU1ME}�R�ceLGilFIR�O W*),+'-.) / 4�^�K �����������10�������������� J�Fe��kg�YU1ME}�R�ceLGilFIR�O W � +'- � / 4//�^ K J �9\ J f0¤� �9\ J f

� ��� : 6 ���4�}� ,�}lM 2&3 (54#6�87�$�9�� i�R��NFeO�M�D�MPO�i�}��� ��R����YU1ME}�R�ceLGilFIR�OIK1��������":�;<0=���&����� J�Fe��kT�YU1MP}lR�ceLGilFIR�OIK>���������5���?0=���&����

\��G�0M�R¡n CaO2Cdcj�G}AFe} @BA CEDGFIH�JLK&M 5 N OQP R S OQT O UWV"X�Y>Z[UWV5\<]

Page 14: Nov 2001; CIAO Intro to XRay Analysis; Huenemoerder and Smith · Nov 2001; CIAO Intro to XRay Analysis; Huenemoerder and Smith "!# %$ &(') ) *,+ -.'0/1 & '2 3 465 798: 7;')7 &=?8@

Nov

200

1; C

IAO

Int

ro to

XR

ay A

naly

sis;

Hue

nem

oerd

er a

nd S

mith

������������ ��������� ����������������� !��"��$#�%'&)(+*-,)(.�+(/����(�01*��� !� 243

576�896:<;�=?>�>�@BAC@EDGFIHJ6�KMLENO>�P

QR@ 8TSBACPVUW>�6�=?NYX�Z\[J6�896�P]>^8M@NR_8`6�NCNa8TSb>GcJ6_[ ;PRdNCebKM@EPgfh>�=?>=?>�KSRjik>�[ml1=1RnK 8TSE>po)>9iq>�Nsrp>9iq>�@t8�U u vxwby{z}|�~��dy�� Z/�BNO>��

�t�E� U1�/� � Z �b���.�d���^�d��U1�/� � ZQR@ 8]SBACP;�6�PT>���AY8ACP�K�eE;]S >�6�P+AO>�=\8.�VPT>�>M8]SE>�Lb=?�dcENO>�K ctX

i�AO>9f�AC@BD�8TSb>��ENO>"AC@�[E>^8]>�;98]�n=-U1;]SEACLJZ�;��x��=?[�AC@�6�8]>�P���=]6�8]SE>�={8TS�6�@PT�tXG;��x��=?[�AC@�6�8]>�P��}U4����8.>n��8TSb> ;��nK¡K�6�@E[¢ACP��£ ��¤ ¥t¦s�J� £ vkwby{z�|�~��dy�� §t¦¨��© ªB¥�«b� £ vky�¬ £ vxy�­ �!Z®��n= 6 P�8�6�=¯8�� D��x�x[ �ENO>�P 8]� >.HJ6�K¡AC@E> 6_=?> 8TSb>

u vxwby{z�|°~��dy��²± u ³b´�µEz}|�~��dy��/± u µJ�B¥b«�¶/|�~��_y�� � ·}SEACP;�6�@Vc¸>�>�6�P+ACNYX¹[E�d@E>ºf»AY8TS¼8TSb> ~���½)�ty�«B¥b¥k¾ �n= ³�½�����¿ 8]�x�dNCP��6�NO�d@EDÀf�AY8]S¹8TSb> ¥¸��~»|�~��_y�� �BNO>�l1�n=º6�@Á�ncBP]>�=¯iq6�8TAO�n@���URÂÃ>�@<Ä>�=]6�NCNYXx�k8TSb>Ã;��dNCeEK¡@¢@�6�K¡>�P»6�=?> =?>�;��dDn@EACÅ�6�cENO>�ÆqeJ6�@�8]AY8TAO>�P��!Z

Page 15: Nov 2001; CIAO Intro to XRay Analysis; Huenemoerder and Smith · Nov 2001; CIAO Intro to XRay Analysis; Huenemoerder and Smith "!# %$ &(') ) *,+ -.'0/1 & '2 3 465 798: 7;')7 &=?8@

Nov

200

1; C

IAO

Int

ro to

XR

ay A

naly

sis;

Hue

nem

oerd

er a

nd S

mith

������������ ��������� ����������������� !��"��$#�%'&)(+*-,)(.�+(/����(�01*��� !� 2 �� 6�P������ � Q :

·}SEACP¡AOK�6�D�>mNO�x�n�kPMLb=?>98?8 X D��x�x[��a@b� cJ6�[ LBA HE>�NCP ;�6�@ c¸>PT>�>�@��7·}Sb>�=?>gK�6�X c¸>�6¡c�6�[¹;��dNCebKM@Á�n= 8 fh�b�JcEe<8 8TSb>\lR6�AC@t8P�8.=?>�6_�kPp;��deENO[ 6�NCP]�Vc¸>�[�eb>`8]�V>9iq>�@t8TP�>.HBL{�dPT>�[ [�eb=�AC@EDV8TSb>l1=]6�K`>.Ä�P+SEA l�8��

Page 16: Nov 2001; CIAO Intro to XRay Analysis; Huenemoerder and Smith · Nov 2001; CIAO Intro to XRay Analysis; Huenemoerder and Smith "!# %$ &(') ) *,+ -.'0/1 & '2 3 465 798: 7;')7 &=?8@

Nov

200

1; C

IAO

Int

ro to

XR

ay A

naly

sis;

Hue

nem

oerd

er a

nd S

mith

������������ ��������� ����������������� !��"��$#�%'&)(+*-,)(.�+(/����(�01*��� !� 2 �� Sb>�;]�kAC@ED 8TSb>\NCACDnSt8º;�eb=¯iq> l1�n=hXq�deb=��dcEPT>�=¯iq6�8TAO�d@¼ACP�i�AY896�NR�

P+AC@b;�>»8TSEACP}ACP @b��8}AC@mD�>�@E>�=]6�N);]SE>�;.�n>�[mctXÀ>�AY8TSb>�= 8TSb> LEACL¸>�NCAC@E>�n=hAC@������M��:<�dN 6�=���6�=?>�P ;�6�@ >�6�P+ACNYX ;�6�eEPT> SkeED�> 8]>�K¡L¸�n=]6_=¯X�J6_=?>�PÀAC@ ;��deE@t8m=.6�8]>�P�� ®��n= L¸�nAC@�8¢P]�deb=?;�>�P��a8TSEACPmK�6�X @E��8c¸>ÀAOK¡L¸�n=¯8�6�@t8��$cEe<8l1�n=g>.H<8]>�@b[B>�[ PT�neE=?;�>�P�8]SE>G[J6�896¼896��n>�@[BeE=�AC@ED8TSb>���6�=?>7PTSE�deENO[mLb=?�dc�6�cENYXmc¸>Ã=+>�K¡��iq>�[��

20

40

60

80

·}Sb> µ�©�µ�«k­�Jv «ty�ªk½Bw7|.�E« PT;�=�ACL<8 6�8?8]>�KML�8TP�8]� AO[E>�@t8TA l�X�J6_=?>�PsAC@6�@g6�e�8]�nK�6�8TAO;/lR6�P+SEAO�d@s��6�PsPTSE��f�@\AC@\8TSEACPsNCACD�S�8";�eE=°iq>l1�n=�6� � r ����dcEPT>�=¯it6�8TAO�d@s�

Page 17: Nov 2001; CIAO Intro to XRay Analysis; Huenemoerder and Smith · Nov 2001; CIAO Intro to XRay Analysis; Huenemoerder and Smith "!# %$ &(') ) *,+ -.'0/1 & '2 3 465 798: 7;')7 &=?8@

Nov

200

1; C

IAO

Int

ro to

XR

ay A

naly

sis;

Hue

nem

oerd

er a

nd S

mith

������������ ��������� ����������������� !��"��$#�%'&)(+*-,)(.�+(/����(�01*��� !� 2 �� S�6�@b[B=]6 [BAY8TSb>�=�PG6�c¸�de�88TSb>mL¸�nAC@�8]AC@BD [BAO=?>�;^8]AO�d@�� AC@ �n=?[E>�=8]�b������������ ���������������������� �"!$# ��&% !�')(+*,�-( ��)% !$'.� � # /� * �10 �23� � � �4# �65�7� * �10 5��689��� !:*,� ��&% !�' �<; #,� 8 = ' *># � (@?�# A�"� * � � = # � ! �:<�nK¡> >-B�>�;98TP �dl�[BAY8TSb>�=j�C9DFE$G �.H E$DFE ?I! � � 8 !J�6? � !$#K� � * �10L( �K� ! �$&MN�6OPRQ ���TSVU QW� � �.H � *X* � ! ��&% !�' �Y��� 'A! 7� 0��-*Z0W!$! 5 ! 5\[��� D Q U]E ? �65^��&% !�' �$_��]` ! � * � � �"!a# �cbY5� * � !$# �N� *Y*>!$#>0 �Yde 0 �Yf�gh� #>�-(

i ! � * �60

jekmlonqparsl6t]uwvyx�z|{�}a~�n�u$vT{�x�vypwvyx�u$kml �<������� ���\�V�3����������� ���Tl� vyx u$k�vyp�t"nqp$lN� �������m�������V�m�m ��\¡s \¢s���m  �����m�3�����3�W��� £)¤ ¥¦xu$k�vyp§l©¨�nq~�r��TlN�mxm{«ª§vy�T¬­l ¨�t�®m}¯pavT{�x�p^nq}�l°r�}al-p�l-x.uF�mp${�xm{�±�nq¬³²nLp$rsl6t©u´u$vT~�l�pµxml�l6¬¶u {·±¸l^l©¨�t-�y®m¬�l�¬�£

Page 18: Nov 2001; CIAO Intro to XRay Analysis; Huenemoerder and Smith · Nov 2001; CIAO Intro to XRay Analysis; Huenemoerder and Smith "!# %$ &(') ) *,+ -.'0/1 & '2 3 465 798: 7;')7 &=?8@

Nov

200

1; C

IAO

Int

ro to

XR

ay A

naly

sis;

Hue

nem

oerd

er a

nd S

mith

������������ ��������� ����������������� !��"��$#�%'&)(+*-,)(.�+(/����(�01*��� !� 2 �

·¨�=?>�LE=+�x;�>�P+P��k�n= @b��8h8]�=?>�LE=?�x;�>�P+P������

576�896 ;�>�@t8]>�=�Ps=?�ne<8TAC@b>�NYXº=?>.Ä�Lb=?�x;�>�P+P¨6�P{8TSb>"AC@EP�8]=?eEK¡>�@t8I;�6�N ÄACcb=]6�8TAO�d@ ACPºAOKMLb=?�jiq>�[ 6�@b[ 6�PÃPT�dl�8 f 6_=?>pACP AOKMLb=?�jiq>�[��¡F²6�;]S� S�6�@b[B=]6p[J6�896�P]>^8�;��n@�8�6�AC@BP»6�NCN�8]SE> [J6�896��BNO>�P l1=+�nK o�>^ik>�NCP��n��n����U'A l¨6�LELBNCAO;�6�cENO>�Z���6�@b[mrB��� SE>�@m[B>�;�AO[�AC@ED�f�Sb>^8TSb>�=a�n=a@E��88]�=?>�LE=+�x;�>�P+P Xq�neE=h[J6�896��B6�PT�¡8TSb> l1�dNCNO��f�AC@BD�ÆqeE>�P�8TAO�n@BP��

� 5��G8TSE>�o�>9iq>�N r�AOK�6�D�>�P���NCACDnSt8];�eb=¯iq>�P���PTL¸>�;^8.=]6��I6�@b[ 6�P°ÄL¸>�;^8ÃP]�dNCe�8TAO�d@ 6�LBL{>�6�= =?>�6�P]�d@J6�cBNO>� �7=?>\8]SE>�=?>��nc�i�AO�neBP�de�8TNCAO>�=?P�8TS�6�876�=+>Ã@b��8�>^HE;�NCeb[B>�[� QWl¨P]�b��=?>�LE=?�x;�>�P+P}l1=?��K8TSb>�o�>^iq>�N�� [�6�8�6��

� � 6�P 8TSb>�=?> c{>�>�@ 6 @E>9f ������� =?>�NO>�6�P]>�[ f»AY8TS =?>�N Ä>^iq6�@t8 eEL¸[J6�8]>�P PTAC@E;�> 8TSb>�PT> [�6�896 fh>�=?> Lb=?�x;�>�PTPT>�[��U1·}SEACP ;�6�@ c¸> ;]SE>�;.�n>�[ �d@ 8TSE> ��� � K�6�AC@ LJ6�D�>n�´JyEyB³������EµJ�bª | ´�µ<½Bw)µ<½ £ |Tv £�� �{�!Z

�+;Zg � = 5 ! �a75 !^#Y! � #>� � ! �Y�Y 0 �·7� #Y!�� =� #Y! 5����� ! �,f � = * * � !! ��� 0 5 # �* � #Y! �65��X� *"$#%#'&)(+*,*$-/.0-213"5476'894:6,;�1+<:;'=9*%-%>'4?,*@;A?%-B=C0</D%#0E #"A6F<%47;0EG13"A#@CIH*,��'A! � #>0 � �KJ [L� 0 89� 0 g·�$�6� ! �M� #Y! � #,� � ! �Y�Y 0 �4; #>� 8 N !��"!$'PO A� 0���*#Y!�� =� #Y! 5\O 0 � *>! �65�� * � !�'A!��"!�'RQ �$� 0 ?.! M ' *>!$#Y! 5���� 0W! � ! �>�>� # g *,�bY5 ! � *,#Y! ��fLd * � ! 5�� * �A� *,� 5 !a*>! � * � � = # � ! �M� #Y! 8 � �"!�0�� A�Y !a# ��&% !$' �M�� 0 5�� � �10 [

Page 19: Nov 2001; CIAO Intro to XRay Analysis; Huenemoerder and Smith · Nov 2001; CIAO Intro to XRay Analysis; Huenemoerder and Smith "!# %$ &(') ) *,+ -.'0/1 & '2 3 465 798: 7;')7 &=?8@

Nov

200

1; C

IAO

Int

ro to

XR

ay A

naly

sis;

Hue

nem

oerd

er a

nd S

mith

������������ ��������� ����������������� !��"��$#�%'&)(+*-,)(.�+(/����(�01*��� !� 2 �

� �nP�8 � 6�@t8]>�[V®�ACNO>�PQWl¨=?>�LE=+�x;�>�P+PTAC@BDl1=?��K o�>^ik>�N��n�qXq�de K�6�AC@ENYXG@b>�>�[��u vxwby�¶/|°~��dy�� � o�>9iq>�N�� >9iq>�@t8 NCACP?8 �³sªBµ £ u µJ�B¥�«�¶$|�~��dy��R� � P+L{>�;98 PT�nNCe<8TAO�n@��un¦b³��n¬¨¶/|�~��dy�� � � 6�[¢LBA HE>�N�NCACP�8�������¯l1=?�nK f�SEAO;]SmXq�ne¢K�6��n>\6o�>9iq>�NIr�>9iq>�@�8 NCACP?8��QWlJ6�PI[E>�NCAYiq>�=+>�[`o)>9iq>�Nxrh�BNO>�P$6�=?> 6�[E>�Æqe�6�8]>��jXq�de�K�6�AC@BNYX�@E>�>�[��

u vxwby{z�|°~��dy�� � o�>9iq>�Nsr�>9iq>�@t8 NCACP?8 �³sªBµ £ u µJ�B¥�«�¶$|�~��dy��R� � P+L{>�;98 PT�nNCe<8TAO�n@��un³b´�µEz�|�~��_y�� � �²AC@E@b>�[¼P+L{>�;98]=�ebK U'A l/6�D�=]6�8TAC@BD¡�ncBP]>�=¯iq6�Ä

8TAO�d@�Z

Page 20: Nov 2001; CIAO Intro to XRay Analysis; Huenemoerder and Smith · Nov 2001; CIAO Intro to XRay Analysis; Huenemoerder and Smith "!# %$ &(') ) *,+ -.'0/1 & '2 3 465 798: 7;')7 &=?8@

Nov

200

1; C

IAO

Int

ro to

XR

ay A

naly

sis;

Hue

nem

oerd

er a

nd S

mith

������������ ��������� ����������������� !��"��$#�%'&)(+*-,)(.�+(/����(�01*��� !� 2 �:kL�6�8TA 6�N��}>�P+L¸�n@BP]>n��������� ����� � ���

·}Sb> �����������! #"%$ &��(' ) U+*-,¨�/."��01 Z��-=+>^896�AC@BP¡PTLJ6�8TA 6�N}AC@<Äl1�n=?KÀ6�8TAO�d@ 6�8¼8TSb> >.HBL{>�@EPT> �dl�P+L{>�;98]=]6�NR� Q18VSJ6�P eE@BAY8]P¹�_l2 ;�K 3 P¸;��deE@t8TPJLESE�_8]�d@43 265 �

7 �8.:97U6.��;01 Z=< > U+*-,¨�401 Z)¼U+*?,¨��.��;01 Z> ACP 8TSE> �ncBP]>�=¯ik>�[ ;��deE@�8]P¼L{>�= P+L�6�8TA 6�NÃcEAC@ AC@ 6 LEeENCPT>^ÄSb>�ACDnSt8 cBAC@s� 9 ACP 8TSb> PT�deb=?;�> �EexH�� f�AY8]S eE@EAY8TP �_l2 LESE�_8]�d@EP�;�K@3 3 P�3 2:A�B3 2C5 �DFE�GIHKJ�L�M NOEPHRQ S�T � >#U�;�AO>�@b;9X ;�6�NCACcb=]6�8TAO�d@ AC@�l1�n=+K�6�Ä

8TAO�d@s�<cJ6�@E[¢AC@�8.>�D�=.6�8]>�[���U1;�=?>�6�8]>»f»AY8TS ¿{¾I��©��tyx¿Iµt³ Z

detector x

dete

ctor

y + V KMAO=?=?��=�6_=?>�6XW [B>98]>�;^8]��=ZY F

[]\ T�^(GKL�J N Q S�T � 6�LBLENCAO>�P 8]>�NO>�PT;��dL{> 6�PTL¸>�;^8 SEACP�8]�n=°X6�@b[ ;��x�n=?[BAC@J6�8]> 8]=]6�@EP?l1�n=+K�6�8TAO�d@EP U V 6�=?>�6 W 8TAOK`>�Z��U1;�=?>�6�8]>»f�AY8TS ¿{¾¸v<¬�³�¿Iµ�³ Z��

RA

Dec

V Q @EP�8.K�6�L`_ �»PTL¸>�;^8

Page 21: Nov 2001; CIAO Intro to XRay Analysis; Huenemoerder and Smith · Nov 2001; CIAO Intro to XRay Analysis; Huenemoerder and Smith "!# %$ &(') ) *,+ -.'0/1 & '2 3 465 798: 7;')7 &=?8@

Nov

200

1; C

IAO

Int

ro to

XR

ay A

naly

sis;

Hue

nem

oerd

er a

nd S

mith

������������ ��������� ����������������� !��"��$#�%'&)(+*-,)(.�+(/����(�01*��� !� 2 �

:xL¸>�;^8]=.6�N �h>�P+L{�d@BP]>n�bo��jf �}>�P]�dNCe<8]AO�d@·}Sb>P+L{>�;98]=]6�N/=?>�P+L{�d@EPT>=?>9896�AC@EP PTL¸>�;^8.=]6�N"AC@Bl1�n=?KÀ6�8TAO�d@ 6�8

8TSb>Ã>^HBL¸>�@BP]> �_l�P+L�6�8TA 6�NR�

>�� U6,�Z V �����7 �8.��/U6,¨��.�Z � � U6."� 0� Z 97U6.�Z

l1�n= 6�L{�dAC@t8 PT�deb=?;�>\6�8}NO�x;�6�8TAO�d@ 0� l1�n= =?>�DnAO�d@��\���$U6,¨��.�Z V �}>�[BACP�8]=?ACcBe�8TAO�d@ �V6�8]=?A H ®<eB@b;98TAO�d@ U1��=�®�ACNO>�Z��6�NCPT�`�k@E��f�@¹6�P}8TSb> ��$ � �J6gLE=+�dcJ6�cBACNCAY8 Xk� U1;�=?>�6�8]>7f»AY8TS¿{¾�½q¿�~ Z?Z

� � UC.��40� Z V �»e<HBACNCA 6�=¯X �h>�P+L{�d@BP]> ®<eE@E;98TAO�d@ U1�n= ®�ACNO>�Z��B6�NCPT��k@E��f�@ 6�P 8]SE> ����� �I6�@ 6_=?>�6�8TAOK¡>�P�>#U�;�AO>�@b;9Xk�¨�n= "����� "������ � " & "#& � ·}SEACPmAC@b;�NCeb[B>�P 8TSb> [E>^8]>�;98]�n=mÆqe�6�@t8TeEK> U;�AO>�@b;^XV6�@b[¢K¡AO=?=?�n= 6�=?>�6��}U1;�=?>�6�8]>»f�AY8]S ¿{¾)µx½b~ Z?Z

�!��� V >-B�>�;98TAYiq>\>^HBL¸�dPTeE=+>»8TAOK¡>��

� U�"$#)�/.&%.Z � � U ) �40� Z

Page 22: Nov 2001; CIAO Intro to XRay Analysis; Huenemoerder and Smith · Nov 2001; CIAO Intro to XRay Analysis; Huenemoerder and Smith "!# %$ &(') ) *,+ -.'0/1 & '2 3 465 798: 7;')7 &=?8@

Nov

200

1; C

IAO

Int

ro to

XR

ay A

naly

sis;

Hue

nem

oerd

er a

nd S

mith

������������ ��������� ����������������� !��"��$#�%'&)(+*-,)(.�+(/����(�01*��� !� 3 %

QRK�6�D�AC@BD�:xL¸>�;^8.=?�dPT;��dLtX��¨PT�nK`>7[B>9896�ACNCP

��� � ��� N ��eBNCP]>.Ä�SE>�ACDnSt8 P+L{>�;98]=]6gUW�_lJ>�AY8TSb>�=����J�n=����-ZI;�6�@c¸>ºK�6�[E>»f�AY8TS £ ¿sv<¬EyJ½�µJªty �

� T�N � H J S�� Q ^���N���� E� �7@E;�>»Xq�deGS�6�ik>º6���� � �BNO>�������s�6�@b[ �R��� l1��=�Xq�deb=MPT�neE=?;�>��²Xq�de ;�6�@ eEPT>¹:xSE>�=�L�6 U1�n=� � �;���! #"P�;� �$ Z�� %��&� �� �'(')'�ZG8]�`;�=?>�6�8]>�6P+L{>�;98]=]6�NK¡�x[E>�NR�tl1�dNO[�AY8 8TSb=?�deEDnS`8TSb>*���+�-,.�@�/�s�<6�@E[À;��nKML�6�=?>8TSb>Ã=?>�P+eENY8h8]��8TSE>*0�1��m�BNO>��

2XS3�546�(J ^(L�E7��G)8 F�PTL¸>�;�A 6�NCNYX l1�n=plR6�AC@t8P]�deb=?;�>�P�� 6 9 c�6�;.��ÄD�=?�deE@b[):m=?>�DnAO�d@ P+Sb�deENO[ c¸>pP]>�NO>�;98]>�[ 6�@b[ 6`cJ6�;�D�=?�neB@b[��� � P+L¸>�;98]=�ebK ;�=?>�6�8]>�[��¨·}SEACP²;�6�@8]SE>�@Mc¸>}PTeBc�8]=]6_;^8]>�[l1=?�nK 8TSb> PT�deb=?;�> ��� �}�Ã�n= K¡�x[E>�NO>�[ PT>�LJ6�=.6�8]>�NYX 6�@b[P+ebK¡K¡>�[�f�AY8TSm8TSb> PT�neE=?;�> K¡�x[E>�NR�

[]\ HKN!E7��N�� � ^(L�J;� NOG)8 ®��n=<�=�6� �<�hc¸��8]S 8TSb>>���� 6�@b[�@��� 6_=?>mP]�nK¡>9f�SJ6�8L{�dP+AY8TAO�n@xÄ [B>�L¸>�@b[B>�@t8�� �}>�>�[ 6�@b[K¡>98TSE�x[BP l1�n=a;�=?>�6�8TAC@ED 9?6�iq>�=]6�D�>�[?:@�R��� 6�@E[A���+� 6�=?>AC@¢Lb=?�dD�=+>�PTP��

B���� N)CED T � � 5�P¡6�=+> PTeBc(F�>�;98�8.�¹LEACNO>.Ä�eBLs�GK¡�n=?> 8TS�6�@ �d@b>LBSb��8]�n@ P�8]=?AO�n>�P¼8]SE> P^6�K¡> LBA HE>�N�AC@ 8TSb> P96�K¡> l1=.6�K¡>��� G �n> � 6�@ �¼�n> � LESE�_8]�d@EP`AC@ 8TSb>¢P96�K¡> LBA HE>�N 6�@b[l1=]6�K¡>��nl1�n=a>.HJ6�K¡LBNO>��kKÀ6�XG6�LEL¸>�6�=²8.��c¸>Ã6 PTAC@BD�NO>�� �n> �LBSb��8]�n@��H��ACNO>^Ä�eBL L¸>�=?;�>�@t896�Dt>�P ;�6�@¹c{>�;�6�NO;�eEN 6�8]>�[¹l1=?��K8TSb> P]�deE=+;�>JI P �EexHG6�@b[`PTL¸>�;^8.=�eEK ��A l�K¡�n=?>�8TS�6�@Gr�Ä 5K �_lLBSb��8]�n@BP�6�=+> 9 LEACNO>�[xÄ4eELs�L: ;�6�=?>mPTSE�neBNO[ c¸>meEPT>�[�� Q :BQ :U�´Jyby�³������J�d³�µJª�v�| ¿$�dy7|Tv £�� � )M ��NPO3NQOEZ¼6�@b[ :kSb>�=?LJ6SJ6�iq>¢6¼LEACNO>.Ä�eEL K¡�x[E>�Nal1�n= 8TSb>�PT>G;�6�PT>�P�� U4Q18�ACP`6¼@b�d@<ÄNCAC@E>�6�=�K`�x[B>�N)AC@G8TSb> P]�deE=+;�>7PTL¸>�;^8.=�eEKV�!Z

Page 23: Nov 2001; CIAO Intro to XRay Analysis; Huenemoerder and Smith · Nov 2001; CIAO Intro to XRay Analysis; Huenemoerder and Smith "!# %$ &(') ) *,+ -.'0/1 & '2 3 465 798: 7;')7 &=?8@

Nov

200

1; C

IAO

Int

ro to

XR

ay A

naly

sis;

Hue

nem

oerd

er a

nd S

mith

������������ ��������� ����������������� !��"��$#�%'&)(+*-,)(.�+(/����(�01*��� !� 3]2B���� � [ E�NOJ;��� � B DQ8 ·}Sb>�=?>ÀACP 6V@E�n@xÄ�NCAC@E>�6�=M=?>�N 6�8TAO�n@

c¸>98 f}>�>�@ )� )� ��� 6�@E[ � � ���_6�@b[6}NCAC@b>�6�="=?>�N 6�8TAO�d@<ÄP+SEACLÀc¸>98 fh>�>�@ �²Q"6�@b[ )�� )���� �¨·}Sb> >^iq>�@t8 �ENO>�S�6�P6�@ ;���;������M;��dNCebKM@VU'eE@EAY8TP/�dl¸> �\Zs8TSJ6�8²;�6�@c¸> eBP]>�[�l1��=�BNY8]>�=�AC@EDVU1=?>�K¡>�Kpc¸>�= 8TS�6�8h8TSEACP�ACP»6?��� "#& "�� >�@b>�=�D_X��!Z

J ^(L�T7� E�8 F�iq>�@t8TP KpeEP�8¼c¸> cBAC@E@b>�[ c{>9l1�n=+>¹8]SE>ÁP+L{>�;^Ä8]=�ebK ACP ��8��I·}SEACP cBAC@E@BAC@ED[B�x>�P=E�^;HºSJ6�iq>}8.�\SJ6�iq>�;��d@<ÄP�896�@�8pPTLJ6�;�AC@ED��¨cBe�8�cBAC@EPg;�6�@ c¸> D�=?�deEL¸>�[ 8]�nD�>^8]SE>�=\AC@�n=?[E>�=a8]��AC@b;�=+>�6�P]>78]SE>7@kebKpc{>�=��dlI;��deB@t8TP L¸>�= cEAC@s�

! �+H H � E�8 " # 3 P�896�8TACP�8TAO;�P P�X�P?8]>�KÀ6�8TAO;�6�NCNYX eE@b[B>�=?>�P�8TAOK�6�8]>�Be<H¹l1�n= NO�jf}Ä ;��deB@t8�[�6�8�6��¸c{>�;�6�eEPT>�>�=?=+�n=�P\6�=+>�eE@E[E>�=?>�P�Ä8TAOK�6�8.>�[��" $}PT> # 3 A l¹>�=+=?�n=�P 6�=?>  6�eBPTP+A 6�@ [�ACP?8]=�ACcEe<8]>�[ U&% '�)($;��deE@t8TP+*�cBAC@�Z��" ®���=�NO��f}Ä�;��deE@t8�[J6�896B��>�AY8TSb>�= U ��Z{cEAC@�8TSb>-[J6�896��xURrnZ�eEPT>6�@ 6�LELE=?�jHBAOK�6�8]>}>�=?=?��=">�P�8TAOK�6�8]>n�dPTeE;]S�6�P,#�Ä°ÂÃ>�Sb=?>�NCP����n=U tZ�eEPT>a6 � 6�Xq>�P+A 6�@\K`>^8TSb�x[��jPTeE;]S�6�P�8]SE> � 6�PTSºP?896�8TACP?8TAO;n�

-/.103240505076985:<;>=@?BA+C96D=BEF:<GIHJEF81G�=LK<CNM3OQPSRT.VU5WYX

Page 24: Nov 2001; CIAO Intro to XRay Analysis; Huenemoerder and Smith · Nov 2001; CIAO Intro to XRay Analysis; Huenemoerder and Smith "!# %$ &(') ) *,+ -.'0/1 & '2 3 465 798: 7;')7 &=?8@

Nov

200

1; C

IAO

Int

ro to

XR

ay A

naly

sis;

Hue

nem

oerd

er a

nd S

mith

������������ ��������� ����������������� !��"��$#�%'&)(+*-,)(.�+(/����(�01*��� !� 3°3

:kL{>�;98]=]6�N �}>�PTL¸�d@EPT>��b5 ACP+L{>�=?P+AYiq>Äa:xLJ6�8]A 6�N � PTL¸>�;^8]=.6�N)AC@�l1�n=+K�6�8TAO�d@¢ACPh8TACDnSt8TNYX ;��deELBNO>�[ �Ä Q4K�6�DnAC@ED PTL¸>�;^8.=]6�N7U 9 � � �#:kZ � PTLJ6�8]A 6�N AC@Bl1�n=?K�6�8]AO�d@ 6�=?>

8TACDnSt8TNYX¢;��deBLENO>�[��

> ���� U6,)Z V �!� �7 � .I� �

��� U6."� 0� Z � � UC,¨�/.�Z 97U6.�Z

� �� � U6."� 0� Z V ÂÃ=]6�8TAC@ED � � ® �J[�A/B�=]6_;^8TAO�n@ �n=+[B>�=�� �bf�SEAO;]S[B>�PT;�=�ACc{>�P 8]SE> NCAC@b>^Ä4PTLE=?>�6�[xÄRl'eE@b;^8TAO�n@ U4o�:b®¨Z UR6 =?>�[�ACP�Ä8]=�ACcEe<8]AO�d@ l1=?�nK . AC@�8.� P+L�6�8TA 6�NpcBAC@ ���1Z U1K����n> f»ATS¿{¾��� ���� ������������WB���! ��"�$#% ��'&)(*(+�,��- .0/�102�35476

� �98 ,*:/.;6 V < �=�>=?A@B�DCFE9GH��(+���I���,J��K�L� 4NMO B?A#P?A@�QK&AR�J��K#���=�>=?A@B�S�'TUQK?V�'@�Q'?V�K#W�X#ZY��K&A&[�X#Z! ��P-S?V�,�%���]\^#��X@�J_J��"`�KQ"�=���]\a#>4 8 -b�dc��IY�?! �fe��fgh �� 6

i�jlknmpoKqnr*s�t�uPvnw�x$y%z|{K}'~���]�P������mZs[�]�����

s[}K��y=���)}�����~���qnjlknmZo��ns[��u�t�u

Page 25: Nov 2001; CIAO Intro to XRay Analysis; Huenemoerder and Smith · Nov 2001; CIAO Intro to XRay Analysis; Huenemoerder and Smith "!# %$ &(') ) *,+ -.'0/1 & '2 3 465 798: 7;')7 &=?8@

Nov

200

1; C

IAO

Int

ro to

XR

ay A

naly

sis;

Hue

nem

oerd

er a

nd S

mith

������������ ��������� ����������������� !��"��$#�%'&)(+*-,)(.�+(/����(�01*��� !� 243

5 ���%�76�8 ��R:9<;O?A�� E��K#!� &AR=9!?V� @?>A@f�KQB9=�C6

DFE)GIHKJ LMEON�J�PQJ�RSH�TIU GIE)RSHKJWV X�4!Y��ZX�[]\_^C � ��`���� 9 Y�� �����JB��� #�� (�-a6X��@�?b9!R�J���4�c 6KYd`��K&V�'@��]9! e6X#f9= ��Z@g6�9!R��.6X& RB@�?b9 �#%?A@�QK�<9! ��N���C6�9!?A@B��# J0?A#h@ ��� #!�P&A?A@���6d� &bi ?A@j9! k6�9 RB@�?b9 4

lemnm Gpo-qrRSEkT]J�s:V MO ��<t]�K�%�X�$���,JB����QK�K@u9=�,� ?VJ_?A#v9! ��P��� ?A��?A@ � (9! �� JB?xw��C6dQB9!?V� @ QK� ���,J0?A@k6�9=� #yi0#z9=��- 4 ;O�K@�QK���OY��|{B@�J9! ��}t]�K�%�X�$���,JB���S?V-M6d������- ��6d#%R�� ?A@B� ��6dQ= �Z`��'@u9 \^#~@ � #!?��9!?V� @ �,�K&�6�9!?b`��|9=� ?b9 ��6X@�J R�#!��9= �� J0?A#h@ ��� #%?V��@ �,�K&�6�9!?V��@9=� Q�6X&VQKRB&�6�9`��� ���k9= ��U���,J��K�A�pY�6�`��K&V�'@��]9! 54�� (HC_�d��> ?A#9! ��9J��B9=�KQB9=�����p9! ��<����� �,�K#!� &AR=9!?V� @ Q�6X@a8 ��R�#!��J�9`� J0?A# �9!?A@���RB?A#! �8 �B9 YO�K�K@ J0?xw����,�K@�9 ���,J���� #��;� @|9! ���;IE��P��9! �?A#- R�#y9d8 �P- � JB�K&V��J;4

��� E�T]qQE)P'��s � J���TIGIE�P�� m��-� PrqQRSH-V MO �� #+@k6�9!?�6d&M6X@�J #+@f�KQ"�9=�C6X&H�K&V��- �'@u9!#~6d�%��9!?A�� �9=&bi Q�� R�@�&V��J;4 � (F9! ��et]���,�X� ���,J��K�?V-M6X���p?A# #%&A?A�� �9=&biUJ0?A#h@B&�6 QK��J 8 6X# Q�6X@U��6X#!?A&bi k6�@O@ �K@ Y9?b9! ���6�`0?A&bi @�?A&V�KJ �|RO@ #!� R��,Q��'#�6'�n9! ���� ���,J���� Y�6�`��K&V�'@��]9! �#Y�?A&A&�8 � �]w #=�Z9�(+�%��- ��6dQ= ��9! ��K�]��6X@�J}9! �� ���,JB�����$#!��� 9!?A@B�Y�?A&A&v6X&A#!�¡8 � QK��-�@��,��-S?A#!��J;4 8 � (¢9! B?A# � Q�Q'R�� # �)i�� R -M6�iY�?A#% £9`�_�,��@��%� QK�K#%#PY�?b9! 6D@���Y @ � #!?b9!?V� @ - ��6X#%R��,��J¤8ui g6d@�J 476

¥ GpEkTIqrRSH ¦�§¤¨ G=©pªLC_����>|«�ªC6�9!?A@�« J�6�9B6=¬/X�Y #+@�­KQB9CªC6}6�ªz­Q�ª+­�6�9.­KJ 8 �jX�:�Y0:B®¢©�ª,J�­�ª #l(1©pª�8�©�9! �9! ¯­-;�° < 6X@�J±5?° < 6'4G=©pªv;IEv� Jg6�9B6=¬AYN#h@�­�QZ9Cª.676]ªz­ Q�ªz­�6�9C­KJ 8 � ²�³"´"©pª%J�­�ª #"6K4

¥ GpEkTIqrRSH ¨£µ�¶ MO �?A#�Q�6X@±8�­ZQ�ª+­�6�9.­KJ�(1©�ªW­�6dQ= ·©pª%J�­�ª[RB#!?A@�«¸ e¯¹fg:º¯»���?b9�«�?b`A­'#�9! ¯­¼­�wk­�QZ9!?b`A­½6�ª+­�6 (1©pªF­�6dQ= ¡©pª,JO­�ª]4

Page 26: Nov 2001; CIAO Intro to XRay Analysis; Huenemoerder and Smith · Nov 2001; CIAO Intro to XRay Analysis; Huenemoerder and Smith "!# %$ &(') ) *,+ -.'0/1 & '2 3 465 798: 7;')7 &=?8@

Nov

200

1; C

IAO

Int

ro to

XR

ay A

naly

sis;

Hue

nem

oerd

er a

nd S

mith

������������ ��������� ����������������� !��"��$#�%'&)(+*-,)(.�+(/����(�01*��� !� 2 �

¥ GpEkTIqrRSH µ�� ¶ �<@=9!? © @k6X&r�I9! �?A#�?A#"9= O­��l?A@O­�>A@¯ªz­�6dJ�GhR�@�Q��9!? © @ 8 ��>�G*6 (1©pª$«�ªC6�9!?A@�« Jg6�9B6�¬p8BR=9-9! �?A#pQ�6d@e8�­�-�© JO­'& ­�JRB#!?A@�«£«A6XR�#%#!?�6X@�#>4 C Q'R�#y9.©�- «uªC6�9!?A@O« E�5 G 8 (1©pª @¯© @��#y9B6d@�Jg6�ª,Je«�ª ?VJB#v©pª ©�ª,J�­�ª #�6nQ�6X@M8�­I-M6 J�­ Y�?b9! ¸ e¯¹�º ¸ » 4

¶�q T�T]qrRSHSV ��@ � >�� > ©�ª~>� ¯­�ªz@g6=¬H#!?A@�«�& ­ ©�ªS- R�&b9!? @B& ­�©�ª,J�­�ª #Q�6d@j8�­_{=9�¬�Y9?b9! }©pªHY�?b9! ¯© R=9OCFE9G #�6X@�J E_5 G #>4 8 MO ¯­Bi#% ¯© R�&VJ 8�©�9! 78�­ R�#h­�JF?)(�9! ¯­�ªz­v6]ªz­�?A@�#y9.ª R�-e­'@u9B6X&�#+@�­KQB9CªC6X&­KJ�«�­K#O?A@?6 #C© ROª%Q�­I(1­�6�9!R¯ªz­�476

Page 27: Nov 2001; CIAO Intro to XRay Analysis; Huenemoerder and Smith · Nov 2001; CIAO Intro to XRay Analysis; Huenemoerder and Smith "!# %$ &(') ) *,+ -.'0/1 & '2 3 465 798: 7;')7 &=?8@

Nov

200

1; C

IAO

Int

ro to

XR

ay A

naly

sis;

Hue

nem

oerd

er a

nd S

mith

������������ ��������� ����������������� !��"��$#�%'&)(+*-,)(.�+(/����(�01*��� !� 2 �

Page 28: Nov 2001; CIAO Intro to XRay Analysis; Huenemoerder and Smith · Nov 2001; CIAO Intro to XRay Analysis; Huenemoerder and Smith "!# %$ &(') ) *,+ -.'0/1 & '2 3 465 798: 7;')7 &=?8@

Nov

200

1; C

IAO

Int

ro to

XR

ay A

naly

sis;

Hue

nem

oerd

er a

nd S

mith

������������ ��������� ����������������� !��"��$#�%'&)(+*-,)(.�+(/����(�01*��� !� 2 �EF­K#+@�© @B#C­p¬hMn­�-�@�©�ªC6X&

� #+@�­KQB9Cª R�-�¬ #h© R¯ª,Q�­NQ�© RB@u9!#�¬:©pª�?V-M6�«�­<`0#¢9=?V-�­�8�?A@ 4� y!y��Py��d���]x�� z$y�L}K�N�Kz ��r�S{ x5~����9y� >��z }�x$x�� z�}����,yn~���}'~ ~�� y�9y=}��P�x }K� � z ��� z �}'~ y�� � � � y��,y=x$x }Kz��� ����>~ y��]z�}'~ y��

� 8���� : ��� 6! "$# � "%# � � 8�� : � 6 &'&(&�Z k6X@�JOªC60\a# J0?b9! ¯­�ª�Y�?A&A&;#=-�©�©�9! j© R=9�-�© #z9F`u6�ª,?�6�9!? © @�#O?A@9! ¯­e­�wk­KQB9!?b` ­}6�ªz­�6=¬"6X@�J #h©|6 9!?V-�­���ªz­'#C© &b` ­�J CFE9G Y�?A&A&&A?Vcp­K&bi @¯©�978�­U@O­�­KJO­�J 8 RB@�& ­K#%# 9! ¯­ #C© R¯ª,Q�­U?A# © @ 6�Q= �? @«A6�@ 6X@�J k6X#j`u6�ª,?�6�8B?A&A?b9 i © @ 9! ¯­ #=Q�6d& ­£© ( 9! O­ JB?b9! ¯­�ª@�­�ª ? © J 8�) XNc�#h­�Q�6'4

�ZR¯ªzªz­K@u9!&bi�¬���� C�� k6X#;(1­�Y 6X@k6X&bi0#%?A#�9C©�© &A# (1©pª�9C­�-�@�©pªC6X&�Jg6�9B604MO ¯­L-M6X?A@a9.©�© &�?A# *,+p¹.-0/2143�º6587 ¬�Y9 B?VQ= Q�6X@ 8�­IRB#C­KJM9.©±8�?A@­B` ­'@u9WJg6�9B6�8ui�­:9�@�©�#%R¯ªz­79!?V-�­�@�­�ª�8B?A@W¬ Q�© R�@�9=#�@�­�ª�8B?A@W¬�©pªªC6�9.­�4 *,+I¹6-0/2143kº;587 \^#�©�R:9h@�R=99?A# 6bG���M_>j{�& ­p¬BY� �?VQ! Q�6d@�8�­@�& ©�9z9C­�J Y�?b9! 14-<+'=?>�4 MO ¯­ &A? «� �9`Q'R¯ª4` ­ @ ª.6�9C­BA_Q�6d@?9! ¯­K@�8�­JB?b`0?VJ�­�J 8�iM9! ¯­¼­�wk­KQB9!?b` ­±6�ªz­�6 8 CFE�G 6/9.©·«u­Z9<6DCBR.9 4¨ lFEI� �HGFI GhRB@�Jg6d-�­K@�9�6X&A&bi &A?V-S?b9C­�J 8ui 9! ¯­ ®�4!Y # (1ªC6d-�­

9!?V-�­�4¨ lFEI� � l}l 5_R�Q= b �? «� ¯­�ª-9!?V-�­_ªz­K#h© &AR=9!? © @ 8 ®�-S#C­KQ>6-6�9-9! ¯­

­J9�@�­'@�#h­ © (�©�@O­P#+@k6�9!?�6X&�JB?V-�­'@�#%? ©�@ 4§ µ l � � �d6d@�6dQ= �? ­Z`A­7XHKML #h­�Q 9!?V-S?A@O«½6dQ�Q'R¯ªC6dQBi ?)(�© @�&bi½9! ¯­

Q�­K@u9CªC6X&�@�&�6�9C­P?A#�© @�6d@�J 9C­'& ­�-�­B9Cª4iD@O©]9�#Z6�9!R¯ªC6�9.­KJ 4

Page 29: Nov 2001; CIAO Intro to XRay Analysis; Huenemoerder and Smith · Nov 2001; CIAO Intro to XRay Analysis; Huenemoerder and Smith "!# %$ &(') ) *,+ -.'0/1 & '2 3 465 798: 7;')7 &=?8@

Nov

200

1; C

IAO

Int

ro to

XR

ay A

naly

sis;

Hue

nem

oerd

er a

nd S

mith

������������ ��������� ����������������� !��"��$#�%'&)(+*-,)(.�+(/����(�01*��� !� 2 �

� ��������~ ��� z|{�yZ��� ~ � y�}H� ~ � {�y �!��z �]��}K�0w�����}Kz�� ��|��� y��>}�x$� �x$� �"����� �L}� }Kz$yH��� ��~�� ��}'~ }�t �I�(� y!����� ~�y%z x� ����� �!}��Fy=}�x$�� � �L}�]y ��������~���� z|{�y=x� ��z*��}Kz$z �`� w�}���� x*��z*x|��y��%�� � �Vy`}'~ � z$y!x��

Page 30: Nov 2001; CIAO Intro to XRay Analysis; Huenemoerder and Smith · Nov 2001; CIAO Intro to XRay Analysis; Huenemoerder and Smith "!# %$ &(') ) *,+ -.'0/1 & '2 3 465 798: 7;')7 &=?8@

Nov

200

1; C

IAO

Int

ro to

XR

ay A

naly

sis;

Hue

nem

oerd

er a

nd S

mith

������������ ��������� ����������������� !��"��$#�%'&)(+*-,)(.�+(/����(�01*��� !� 2 �

E ­'#h@�© @�#h­�¬�>A@k6�9!?�6X&��S>�G

� M O­��S>�G ?A#·6DQ�©�-�@�&A?VQ�6�9C­KJ ªz­�J0?A#z9Cª ? 8�R:9!? ©�@ 8 ­K#+@�­KQK?�6X&A&bi(1©pª�� ��ªC6�i ©I@=9!?VQ'#��76'4�MO O­ CFE�G - RB#z9P?A@�QK&AR�J�­·9! ¯­��S>�G(1ªC6dQB9!? © @ 6�@O@Oªz©p@Oª ?�6�9C­e9C© 9! ¯­bCWE9G ª+­�«�? ©�@ 6d@�J #h©�ROª,Q�­@�© #!?b9!? © @54 8 G=©pª -�© #z9-ªz­�«�? © @�#F6�8�© R=9 Y ­'&A&�?A#h© &�6�9.­KJ~@�© ?A@u9#h© R¯ª,Q�­'#�¬ 9! g6�9�(1ª.6dQZ9=? © @ ?A#F` ­�ª4iDQ'& © #C­<9.©jX�4 \�476

� MO ¯­�S>�G ?A#¢«u­'@¯­�ª.6X&A&bi 6N( RB@�QB9!? © @ © (�­'@¯­�ªz«]ia6X@�J #h©�ROª,Q�­@�© #!?b9!? © @ ªz­K&�6�9!?b`A­£9C© 9= O­�©I@=9!?VQ�6X&�6 9B?A# 8 9 Y © ` ­�QZ9.©pª #"6��� �� � �� �� 8 � :��� :��� 6'4k*� y � u' �xH���A~ y=�U~ z$y`}�~�y�� y��9����z����=}K�� ���V{ �}F}F����w z�}Kz�� ���;��wdtx|y%z${]y�� �KzLz }��>t ~ z�}H�%y��_� �L}B��y=x�� [}���� ��xL� �K~N� ��z��L}������%y��_}�xN}� z$y!x|���]� x|y$d�� � ��� ~ ���]�.�

Page 31: Nov 2001; CIAO Intro to XRay Analysis; Huenemoerder and Smith · Nov 2001; CIAO Intro to XRay Analysis; Huenemoerder and Smith "!# %$ &(') ) *,+ -.'0/1 & '2 3 465 798: 7;')7 &=?8@

Nov

200

1; C

IAO

Int

ro to

XR

ay A

naly

sis;

Hue

nem

oerd

er a

nd S

mith

������������ ��������� ����������������� !��"��$#�%'&)(+*-,)(.�+(/����(�01*��� !� 2 �

>:©�-�­ �"ªC6 QZ9!?VQ�6��n5?6�9z9C­�ª���6X@�J������%R¯­��

5_R�Q�¡6X@g6�bi��%?���Q�6X@M8�­IJO© @¯­OY�?b9�e9�O­�9��¯ªz­�­�8k6��%?VQ�ªz­ �+@�© @��h­( R�@�QB9!? © @��

¨£µ�¶ 8 �+@�­�QB9CªC6��Fªz­ �+@�©�@��C­p¬$©�ª·­�wk­KQB9!?b` ­�6�ªz­�6=��� ©]Y ©pª���? «��ªz­ �h©��AR=9!? © @�6

µ�� ¶ 8 �+@�­KQB9CªC6��ªz­�JB?��y9Cª ? 8�R=9!? © @W��� ©]Y ©�ª���? «�� ªz­��C©��AR=9!? © @�6I�� ��m s � GIJ � E � 8 ?V-M6�«�?A@O« -�© JO­�6� R:9��h©�-e­ Q�6X@�@O©]9�¬��!R�Q� 6��MªC6�i �r9CªC6 Q�­��!?V- R���6�9!? © @��j©pªe­:9 �9C­K@�JO­�J��C© ROª%Q�­76d@g6��bi��!?��>4¶ m G]LaE�Gpo$��� m Pro-qrRSH � ?���6 @O­�Q�­ ���B6�ª4iM9C­�Q���@�? ��RO­

! < R¯­ ���#"�© JO­��)@k6�ªC6"e­Z9C­�ª��

! �"ªz­�JB?VQZ9¼©I8��h­�ª4` ­�J$�%? «�@k6�� 8 Q�©�RB@u9���`��9Q�k6X@�@O­ �r¬k©pªd@�© ��%?b9!? ©�@ 6! EF­�@�­�6�9�¬ R�@�9=?��)i © R�" ?A@B?%"S? t ­ ªz­ �%?VJBRg6���� 4°O4 «�4 ¬'& - 7=º =;g�( )*&+)*&�( ,-&*.'/ .0�h@�­�QZ9Cª.6���{:9z9!?A@O«���<ª�¬*�C© R¯ª,Q�­1�+@k6�9!?�6��2"�© JO­ �k9=?%"�­��d­:9�@�©��%R¯ªz­1"M6�@54

3 E RfN�J�Gps]q m R54 �

! ��?b`0?��%? © @�©76*Q�©�RB@u9�� ?%"a6�«�­<8ui}­J9�@�©��%R¯ªz­1"a6�@��

! ��?b`0?��%? © @�©768�B? «9� ��ªz­ �h©��AR=9!? © @��+@�­KQB9Cª R'" 8uiDCFE9G �: ;�<>=@?�=BA%�"���{�y!z x$���� �!}��Hw�y ��}�� �]y%z ��� x�C�� ��� ��z �� ��x$��� z��%y t�I� � y!� � y%��y!��� y=���,y ��� �I}K��x���z;z$y�� ��x|~ z ��w4�d~����]�9���Px|��y�� ~ z } �=}����y`}H�N~�������}H����� z�}'~ y � �(�dy=x��

� qED � PQEkTIq m R FE�6�i �Q9.ªC6dQ�­ �!?%" R���6�9!? © @�� @¯­KQ�­ ���Z6]ª ?��bi R��h­ Q�6��A? 8¯ªC6�9!? ©�@J�6�9B6±6�9-9��¯­G� ©]Y ­��z9�¬H"�©��y9ZJO­Z9B6d?�� ­KJ�� ­B` ­ ��4 G=©pª ?A@��y9B6X@�Q�­p¬

Page 32: Nov 2001; CIAO Intro to XRay Analysis; Huenemoerder and Smith · Nov 2001; CIAO Intro to XRay Analysis; Huenemoerder and Smith "!# %$ &(') ) *,+ -.'0/1 & '2 3 465 798: 7;')7 &=?8@

Nov

200

1; C

IAO

Int

ro to

XR

ay A

naly

sis;

Hue

nem

oerd

er a

nd S

mith

������������ ��������� ����������������� !��"��$#�%'&)(+*-,)(.�+(/����(�01*��� !� 3 �ªC6�i��jª+­ ��R�? ªz­¤® � «�­�©�"�­B9Cª4i�¬_6X@�J ªz­�6��A?��y9=?VQ£©Iw �h­B9�� 8�­��9 Y ­�­K@�{��b9C­�ª���6X@�J JO­B9C­KQB9C©pª �>4pCI@k6��bi��%?��LJO©�­���@O©�9�¬��!?A@�Q�­9��¯­ �!? «�@g6� Q�6X@ R��%Rk6����bi 8�­ J�­�{B@¯­�J 6 J�­ ��Rg6�9C­��bi|8ui�9��¯­@Oª+© J0R�QZ9�©�6�­'TUQK? ­'@�Q'? ­ �>4

� qQH�RSE)P'�ZT m ��� m qrs�J GpEkTIq m �M �¯­ ���� Q�6d@¤6�wk­�QZ9LY �k6�9NQ�6�A? 8OªC6�9!? © @ ?��76�@O@Oªz©p@Oª ?�6�9C­61©pªM6¤«�?b` ­K@ «�© 6���� G=©pªe­:9g6"�@�� ­�¬v@�­�ª��k6�@���9��¯­��%? «�@g6��?�� @O©]9 ��6�ªz«�­e­K@O©�R�«���9C©DY�6�ªzªC6d@�9 �+@�­KQB9CªC6�${=9z9!?A@O«�¬f6X@�J­J9�@�©��%R¯ªz­ "M6�@ @ ?A@u` ­�ª��%? © @ A ?���6dJO­ ��Rk6�9C­ 61©pª-6>�%R¯ª4` ­Bi�©766r6X?A@u9 �h© R¯ª,Q�­����>�©9"�­�ª R�� ­���©76�9��R'"±8�61©pª � ©]Y ªz­ �h©��AR:9!? ©�@��+@�­KQB9CªC6 �� � mW� RfT]s=V ­'@¯© RO«�� 61©�ª 6 �k6�ª,JB@O­ ����ª.6�9!? © ���� � mW� RfT]s=V C @�©�©pª �h@�­�QZ9.ª R�" 9��k6�9#"M6�i~8�­76�8�� ­

9C© JB?��y9!?A@O«�R�?���� 8�­B9 YF­�­K@£6 @�©�YF­�ª � ��6'Y 6X@�Jj9�O­�ª "M6���h© R¯ª,Q�­��

������ � m�� RfTIs:V >:©�"�­@�y9Cª+© @�« ?A@�JB?b`0?VJ0Rk6��8�A?A@¯­��LQ�6X@8�­�"e­�6��!ROª+­KJ��

lem D �-� T�E�T]q m R s � J¯J�o �G=©pª�6 �%R¯ª4` ­Bi�¬¯© @¯­ " R��y9�8g6��6X@�Q�­79��¯­ �+@�­�­�J 6X@�J 6dQ�Q'R��ªC6dQBi¼©76�"M6dc�?A@O«�­:9�@�©��!ROªz­ "M6�@��f6�«�6X?A@��z9K9��k6�9�©76�"a6dc�?A@�«CFE�G ���nCI@k6��bi��%?���?�� ���A? «9��9�bi J0?xwk­�ªz­K@�9 JB?b`0?VJB?A@�«�Q�©�RB@u9��8ui "M6�@�¬:©pª�61©��VJB?A@�« 6 �h@�­�QZ9.ª R�" 8uiM9��O­PCFE�G��

l E)Prq��-GIEkTIq m R � � E)Prq1T�� �������� �"!#�%$&� ')( �+*,(-'.$0/21"!�341654$87 ;d©]Y ­Z`A­�ª ¬-�A?b9z9�� ­e6X@k6��bi��%?��9B6dcp­ �$9��¯­ R�@�Q�­�ª 9B6X?A@u9�i~©76�9��¯­ Q�6��A? 8Oª.6�9!? © @�?A@u9C©·6dQ�Q�©�RB@u9��M ��?��W?��F?A@�JO­�­KJ JB?)TUQKR��b9±8�­KQ�6XR��h­U?b9F?��¼9�i=@�?VQ�6���bi 60�zi�� �9C­ "M6�9!?VQ79.­�ª " 91­:� «�� ¬k®);=<>�Fc ?b9�� �@? «9� � �A? «�Bk6�� Jg6�9B6=¬�9��¯­�yi��z9C­ "a6�9C?VQLQ�64B JO©�"D?�Bk6�9C­ ªz­��C?VJ0Rk6������

Page 33: Nov 2001; CIAO Intro to XRay Analysis; Huenemoerder and Smith · Nov 2001; CIAO Intro to XRay Analysis; Huenemoerder and Smith "!# %$ &(') ) *,+ -.'0/1 & '2 3 465 798: 7;')7 &=?8@

Nov

200

1; C

IAO

Int

ro to

XR

ay A

naly

sis;

Hue

nem

oerd

er a

nd S

mith

������������ ��������� ����������������� !��"��$#�%'&)(+*-,)(.�+(/����(�01*��� !� 3 �

GhROª 9��O­�ª "�©�ªz­p¬�9��O­�ªz­�6]ªz­�6��Y�6�i���ªz­�«�?%"�­ �[Y �¯­�ªz­ZQ�6��? 8OªC6 �9C? © B ?��d@�©�©pª 9yX�\ ;}¬=YI\);}¬:©pª "�©pªz­"<>�� ')(�� $ '��.1"! � (�$ 1"! /�!>14$��%� $ �� �&$� '�� $ 56' ( *6� � 1"!�� (�� 5 � ���� �"! � $ � ' ( ��� � ����$ �@7�d©�9C­ �zi��y9C­ "M6�9 ?VQ���Q�64B BO©]9_8�­ @y6 JBJO­KJ ?�B ��Rk6dJ�ª.6�9!R¯ªz­ A9C© �z9B6�9C?��z9C?VQ�6��R B�Q�­�ª 9B64?�Bu9C? ­ �"��� ­��h@�© B��h­ �-9 i=@@?VQ�6����bi��g6�` ­�h©�"e­�ª ? «�?VJ@?b9�i 9.©j9�O­ 6 R@B�QZ9 ? © B 9+?�� ­�� ¬vX�\ ; "e­�64B���©�` ­�ª�h©�"e­FQ�©pªzª+­���6�9 ? © B J@?��y9B64B�Q�­WY ?b9�� ?�B Y � ?VQ��9��¯­@6 R@B�QZ9 ? © BQ�6 B¡© B��bia8�­�@�­�ª49=ROªy8�­KJ ?�B�6 ��"e©�©�9�� 6r6����@? ©�B <>�

¨|o-o oSE�T�E � m G��-T�� m qrRfTIP+��� F �19 "M6�i 8�­~9C­ "�@=9C?�BO«?9C©6dJ�J �+@�­KQB9CªC6}©pª ?%"M6�«u­���¬�64B�J 6����C© 6dJBJ¤9��O­~ªz­ �+@�©�B��C­���¬?�Bj©pª,JO­�ªS9C© �k6�` ­ 61­�YF­�ª¢©I8��y­�QB9��-9C©�64Bk6��bi=t�­�¬�64B�Je9C© ?%" �@Oª+© ` ­ Q�© R B�9 ?�B�« �y9�6�9C?��y9 ?VQ����n; ©�YF­B` ­�ª ¬ i © R "M6�iFQ�©�"�@¯ªz© �"D?��h­Wc.BO©�Y � ­�J=«�­ ©768�yi��y9.­ "M6�9C?VQ�� ©pª�Q�6���? 8¯ªC6�9C? © B ��Rk6���?b9�iJ�­�@�­6B�J�­6Bu9~© B �+@k6�9C?�6��F©pª��+@�­KQB9CªC6��Fªz­�«�? © B � 91­:� «�� ¬�i © RQ�6 B \ 9~6��·­�6��C?��bi ? «�B¯©pªz­~9��¯­M8g6dJ @k6�ª49�� ?�B 6r6�` ©�ª±©76F9��¯­«�©�© J�� < �¢© R "a6�i¤6����h©�"M6dcp­ Q�­�ª49B64?�B Q�©�©pª,J@?�Bg6�9.­��±6" �8@? «�RO© R�� 91­:� «�� ¬A@�©��A?b9 ? © B¡©76W9��¯­�©I@=9C?VQ�6���6 9@?�� <6�

§¤qQH�U$��µ¡J�s m P � T]q m R qrs]s � J�s=V G=©pª?«uªC6�9C?�BO« �h@�­�QZ9Cª.6=¬7i © R���¯© R��VJ_Q�© B��C?VJ�­�ª�9��¯­ 61©���� ©�Y ?�BO« lem RnT]qrR �-� D V"5?64Bui 9��¯­�ª "a6��2�h©�ROª,Q�­ � �k6�` ­ 6r6�ª#"e©pªz­

��?�BO­ �½9��k64B ©�ROª@"�© JO­���� ?�B�Q��AR�JO­�� � ­ Q�6�ªz­�6 R���9C©}{:99��O­WQ�©�B�9 ?�B�R�R'" ?�B���?�B¯­��E61ªz­�­ ªz­�«�? © B���© B��bi.�

D qrRSJ � USE � J�s=V �2?�BO­ �WQ�64B¤8�­ "�© JO­ � ­KJ 6�� «A6XR����A?�6 B���¬©pª½6�FJO­��b9�6�6 R B�QZ9C? ©�B�� ? 6d6 B �_5 G ?���R��h­�J��a��6���?�B¯­���k6�@�­ 9'8¯ªz© 6dJO­6B@?�BO«.<�?�� ?%"�@�©�ª49B64Bu9�¬k6�_5 G ���¯© R��VJ8�­NR��h­�J��

Page 34: Nov 2001; CIAO Intro to XRay Analysis; Huenemoerder and Smith · Nov 2001; CIAO Intro to XRay Analysis; Huenemoerder and Smith "!# %$ &(') ) *,+ -.'0/1 & '2 3 465 798: 7;')7 &=?8@

Nov

200

1; C

IAO

Int

ro to

XR

ay A

naly

sis;

Hue

nem

oerd

er a

nd S

mith

������������ ��������� ����������������� !��"��$#�%'&)(+*-,)(.�+(/����(�01*��� !� 3y2

¨|o-o-qrRSH � GpoSJ�Gps=VWc ?����-?�B�Q�ªz­�6��h­ Q�© R B�9��¬�8�R=9�Y ?b9�|6Q�©��z9 ?�B ªz­ �h©��AR:9C? ©�B�� �p© ?�Bu9M{=9z9C?�BO« Y ?���� ��?Vcp­ �bi «:?b` ­9��O­�8�­��z9Mªz­ �%R��b9���¬d6 6�9C­�ªM6 �!R�" "e­KJ 9r64B�J @�©����A? 8�� ­��"�©�©�9�O­�J�< ��Rg6��?b9B6�9C?b` ­�64Bg6�bi��A?�� ?�� JO© B¯­~9C©�«�R ?VJO­9��O­ ­ZiA­��