NOUNSNOUNS

Names~a person (boy, girl, mom, sister,

dad, brother, baby)

a place (school, house, movies, park, store,

ocean)

a thing (baseball, cat, desk, pen,

pencil, paper, cow

an idea (love, honesty, joy

willingness, strength)

COMMON NOUNS

PROPER NOUNS

~ names a GENERAL person, place, things, or idea

~ names a SPECIFIC person, place, things, or idea **Always use**Always useCAPITAL LETTERSCAPITAL LETTERS

*sister*composer*lake*team*democracy

*Sarah*Beethoven*Michigan*Sox*Democrats/Republicans

COMPOUND NOUNS

~ is made up of 2 or more words that act as

a SINGLE noun

toothbrush high school

football baseball

living room sister-in-law

Brian Urlacher

cottage cheese doghouse

COLLECTIVE NOUNSnames a GROUP of people or

things

family team chorus schoolstaff jury company band

CONCRETE vs. ABSTRACT CONCRETE

NOUNS

~names things you can see or touch

ABSTRACT NOUNS

~names things you CANNOT see or touch *emotions, ideas, state of mind, quality

*friend*notebook*author*pencil*desk*clouds

*happiness*surprise*imagination

***Usually only common nouns can be concrete or abstract!!!

POSSESSIVE NOUNS

~ a noun that names who or what has something

~ shows ownership

~ is someone who OWNS SOMETHING

An apostrophe and s (‘s) forms the possessive of most singular nouns and of plural nouns that do not end with s.

Child - child’s toy Children - children’s bikes

Use only an apostrophe (‘) to form the possessive of plural nouns that end with s.

girls - girls’ dollsteams - teams’ uniforms

It’s is a contraction = it isIts = possessive (no apostrophe)

APPOSITIVES

~ a noun or phrase that gives additional information about another noun in a sentence.

“extra” information

*Mrs. Austin, a teacher, is very nice.*The Bears, a great team, started

recently.*We have a great baseball team, the Sox.

PLURALSThe plural form of a noun indicates that

more than one person, place, or thing is being named.

Plural forms are either regular or irregular.

Regular nouns form their plurals by adding s or es. Most nouns have regular plural forms.

S es s es s

S es s

s es s es

S es s es

S es s es

PluralsWord Ending Rule Examples

s, ss, x, z, zz, sh, ch

Add es bus - busses mass - masses

fox - foxes buzz - buzzes

crash - crashes punch - punches

o - preceded by a consonant

Add es tomato - tomatoes

Exceptions:solo - solos (and

other musical terms)

o - preceded by a vowel

Add s radio – radios

Word Ending Rule Examples

y - preceded by a

consonant

Change y to i and add es

party - partiesdiscovery - discoveries

y - preceded by a vowel

Add s day - days monkey - monkeys

ff Add s bluff - bluffs staff - staffs

fe Change f to v and add es

knife - knives wife - wives

f Add s or change f to v and add es

chief - chiefs calf - calves leaf - leaves

Irregular Plurals

Child - Mouse -Tooth -Deer -Ox -Man -Sheep -Crisis -Datum -Syllabi-

Irregular PluralsChild - childrenMouse - miceTooth - teethDeer - deerOx - oxenMan - menSheep - sheepCrisis - crisesDatum - dataSyllabi- syllabus

When a compoundneeds to be plural: add the “s” to the word that is plural:

Mother-in-law = mothers-in-lawBaseball = baseballs

Pronouns

A word that can take the place of one or more nouns

baseball ~ it

Without:The firefighters described how the firefighters did the firefighters’ jobs.

With:The firefighters described how they did their jobs.

Antecedent

The word or groups of words the pronoun takes the place of

*Aunt Connie is a cook. She bakes pies.

*The book lists inventors. It is fascinating.

*Mrs. Drews is a great librarian. She works at Liberty.

Personal Pronouns

Pronouns that refer to a person

Bubba ~ heSuzy Q ~ she

Personal Pronouns

Singular Plural

First Person

I, me, my, mine,

we, us, our, ours

Second person

you, your, yours

you, your, yours

Third person

he, him, hisshe, her, hersit, its

They, them, Their, theirs

*Stacy likes books. She collects mysteries.

*These books are rare collectors’ items. _______ can only be found in specialty shops.

Three Cases or Categories of Personal Pronouns1. Nominitive Pronoun/Subject

Pronoun: These pronouns will tell WHAT or WHO the sentence is about. (subject in the sentence)

Singular: I, you, he, she, it Plural: we, you, they

2. Objective Pronouns: These pronouns are:

*direct object–(after verb)

*indirect object–(after verb)

*object of preposition-(after preposition)

Singular:me, you, him, her, itPlural:us, you, them

*3. Possessive Pronouns:pronouns that show

ownershipBefore Nouns:

Stands Alone:

Singular: Plural:

my our

your your

his, her, its their

Singular Plural:

mine ours

yours yours

his ,hers, its theirs

Interrogative Pronoun

Introduces an interrogative sentence

Who *Who owns that pen?Whom *Which is yours?Whose *For whom is that car?Which Who=subject

What Whom=object

Demonstrative Pronoun

Points out specific things ~ nearby and at a distance

(**take the place of the noun)

This *This is a good apple.That *Those are new chairs.These Those **If this, that, these, those

is used before a noun then it is an adjective and not a pronoun.

Indefinite Pronoun

Does not refer to a particular person, place or thing

Always Singular:Another no oneAnybody nothingAnyone oneAnything otherEach somebodyEither someoneEverybody somethingEveryoneEverythingLittleMuchNeitherNobody

Always Plural:BothFewManyOthersSeveral

Can be bothSingular or Plural:AllAnyMoreMostNoneSome

Reflexive Pronoun

Directs the actions back to the subject (after the verb!!!)

“self” word

*Sara brought herself back to the camp.

*I treated myself to a new book.

Intensive Pronoun

Adds emphasis to a noun/ pronoun already named.

“self” word(comes after noun or

pronoun)

*Steven himself wrote a book.*Would the soldiers themselves

save the chiefs?

Personal Pronouns and AgreementPersonal pronouns MUST agree

with their antecedents in person, number, and gender.

What is wrong with these sentences?Mary likes cats. Its favorite is Bubba.A teacher likes teaching their

students.

Mary likes cats. Her favorite is Bubba.

A teacher likes teaching his or her students.

If using 2 or more singular antecedents joined by OR or NOR – MUST have a singular pronoun.Either Becca or Megan will take

her backpack.

If compound antecedent is joined by AND – MUST have plural pronoun.

Becca and Megan will take their backpacks.

Remember all those indefinite pronouns? – You need to know them now!

Always Singular: anyone, everyone, someone, anybody, everybody, somebody, each, eitherEach of the banners is blue.

-Everyone in the first five rows was delighted.

Some can be singular or plural: all, any, more, most, none, some

You need to use context clues to figure it out!

Some of the milk is frozen.

Some of the cookies are frozen, too.

Review

Which is the common noun?

Marie Jones is a wonderful mimic.

A. MarieB. JonesC. wonderfulD. mimic

Which is the proper noun?

Marie can imitate anything from a machine to an animal.

A. Marie B. anythingC. machineD. animal

Which is the collective noun?She is one of the most talented

members of our class.

A. HeB. mostC. membersD. class

Which is the compound noun?One day Marie entertained all

her classmates by imitating a pelican.

A. One dayB. entertainedC. classmatesD. pelican

Which is the appositive phrase?Marie, my friend, can bring

any story to life.

A. my friendB. can bringC. any storyD. to life

Choose the correct form of the word:The seventh graders are reading

___ for their book reports.

A. biographys B. biographesC. biographies D. biographyes

Alan and Sandra have books about American Indian ___.

A. chiefs B. chieves C. chiefes D. chiefs’

Lisa, Matt, and Tran have chosen books about famous ___.

A. woman B. womansC. womens D. women

The best reports will be put up on the two ___ in the hall.

A. bulletin boardesB. bulletin boards’sC. bulletin boardsD. bulletin boards’

Members of other ___ will be able to read them.

A. classes B. class’sC. classies D. class

Choose the correct possessive form of the noun:

Listening to stories is not just a ___ activity.

A. childrens B. children’sC. children D. childrens’

My little brother, my parents, and I all enjoy ___ performances.

A. storytellers’ B. storytellersC. storytellers’s D. storyteller’s

My youngest ___ favorite story is from a book by Beatrix Potter

A. brothers B. brothers’C. brother’s D. brotheres

It tells about two ___ amusing adventures.

A. mice’s B. mices’C. mices D. mices’s

My parents and I prefer accounts of ___ exploits.

A. hero’es B. heroes’sC. heroes D. heroes’

Which sentence uses the apostrophe correctly?However, van Goghs best-known

works are done in brilliant colors.However, van Gogh’s best-known

works are done in brilliant colors.However, van Goghs’ best-known

works are done in brilliant colors.However, van Gogh’es best-known

works are done in brilliant colors.

Make the second sentence an appositive in the first sentence.The famous performance

artist appeared at the theater yesterday.The artist was Alicia Amber.

Ms. Amber put on an exciting and original show.

She is a talented performer.

Alicia Amber danced to the sounds of airplane engines.

She is a classically trained dancer.

Her dance suggests the whirling of propellers.

It is a combination of rapid spins and leaps.

Ms. Amber’s next project will be presented on national television.

It is a one-woman play.

Replace the underlined word with the correct pronoun.Do you know about any (of) Indian

tribes?

Stacy was on the soccer team.

The Pollards live in California.

For each sentence find the correct pronoun and antecedentJenny enjoys school. ___ favorite

subject is reading.

Sean and Ty are friends. ___ both enjoy swimming at the pool.

The book is about baseball. ___ has several colored pictures.

Choose the correct bolded words:I and he / He and I usually

roller blade right after school.

Golfing is even intriguing to she / her.

Both John and she / her are athletes.

Replace underlined word with possessive pronounSarah’s track record has not

been broken.

She was able to to speak up for the people’s rights.

Write the possessive pronounMy report is about Jane

Goodall.

The baby recognized her voice.

Locate the indefinite pronoun and tell if they are singular or plural.Many have decided to attend

study club.

All of the students speak Spanish.

Each will be given a movie pass.

Locate the reflexive pronoun and the noun it reflects back to.

I have given myself the task of studying the life of George Washington.

Kelly brought herself back to class.

Name the intensive pronoun and the word it is modifying

Shelley herself moved the television.

Would the soldiers themselves free the chief?

Does the sentence have a demonstrative or interrogative pronoun? Name the pronoun.

What are you doing after school?

These were Native American names.