Notes

Introduction

1. Nothing But the Best (Anglo Amalgamated/Domino, 1964); director, Clive Donner; writer, Frederic Raphael.

2. Keith Middlemas, Power, Competition and the State, vo!. II (Basingstoke: Macmillan, 1990) p. 9.

3. Ibid., p. 1. 4. Kenneth 0. Morgan, The People's Peace: British History, 1945-1989 (Oxford:

Oxford University Press, 1990) p. 513. 5. David Dutton, British Politics since 1945 (Oxford: Basil Blackwell, 1991)

p.68.

Chapter 1 Idealism and Reality

1. G. D. H. Cole and Raymond Postgate, 7he Common People, 1746-1946 (London: Methuen, 1966) p. 544.

2. Charles Loch Mowatt, Britain between the Wars 1918-1940 (London: Meth­uen, 1966) p. 1.

3. Sir William Beveridge, Social Insurance and Allied Seruices (London: His Majesty's Stationery Office, 1942) Cmd 6404, p.6.

4. Pauline Gregg, A Social and Economic History qf Britain, 17 46-1965 (London: Harrap, 1965) p. 449.

5. Kevin Jefferys, 7heAttlee Government, 1945-1951 (London: Longman, 1992) p.59.

6. W. N. Medlicott, Contemporary England, 1914-1964 (London: Longman, 1967) p.515.

7. David Dutton, British Politics since 1945 (Oxford: Basil Blackwell, 1991) p.39.

8. Ibid. 9. Jefferys, 7he Attlee Government, p. 49.

10. Arthur Marwick, British Sociery since 1945 (Harmondsworth: Penguin, 1982) pp.l7-18.

11. Alan Sked and Chris Cook, Post- War Britain (Harmondsworth: Penguin, 1993) p. 103.

12. Kenneth Morgan, The People's Peace: British History, 1945-1989 (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1990) p. 181.

13. John So1omos, Race and Racism in Contemporary Britain (Basingstoke: Mac­millan, 1989) p.48.

Notes

14. John Osborne, LookBackinAnger(London: Faber and Faber, 1986) p. 9. All subsequent references are to this edition.

Chapter 2 'Money Makes the World Go Around'

I. Cabaret (ABC Pictures/ Allied Artists, 1972); director, Bob Fosse; music/lyrics, John Kander, Fred Ebb; screenplay, Jay Presson Allen.

2. David Childs, Britain since 1945 (London: Methuen, 1984) p.140. 3. Reginald Bevins, The Greasy Pole (London: Hodder and Stoughton, 1965)

p. 137. 4. Harold Macmillan, At the End if the Day (London: Macmillan, 1973) p. 92. 5. Kenneth Morgan, The People's Peace: British History, 1945-1989 (Oxford:

Oxford University Press, 1990) p. 214. 6. Ibid., p. 237. 7. Arthur Marwick, British Sociery since 1945 (Harmondsworth: Penguin, 1982)

p. 158. 8. Ibid. 9. Margaret Laing, Edward Heath: Prime Minister (London: Sidgwick & Jack­

son, 1972) p. 187. 10. Peter Sinclair, 'The Economy- a Study in Failure', in David McKie and

Chris Cook (eds), The Decade if Disillusion: British Politics in the Sixties (London: Macmillan, 1972) p. 114.

11. Andrew Gamble, Britain in Decline (Basingstoke: Macmillan, 1990) pp. 22-3.

12. David Butler and Michael Pinto-Duschinsky, The British General Election if 1970 (London: Macmillan, 1971) p. 61.

13. Ibid., p. 154. 14. Ibid., p. 156. 15. Ibid., p. 350. 16. Michael Nevin, The Age if Illusions (London: Victor Gollancz, 1983)

pp.59-60. I 7. Ibid., p. 63. 18. David Dutton, British Politics since 1945 (Oxford: Basil Blackwell, 1991)

p.68. 19. Alan Sked and Chris Cook, Post-War Britain (Harmondsworth: Penguin,

1993) p. 300. 20. Dennis Kavanagh and Peter Morris, Consensus Politics from Attlee to Thatcher

(Oxford: Basil Blackwell, 1989) p. 42. 21. David W. Pearce (ed.), Macmillan Dictionary if Modern Economics (London:

Macmillan, 1992) p. 232. 22. Denis Healey, The Time if A{y Life (London: Michael Joseph, 1989) p. 378. 23. Ibid., pp. 378-9. 24. Ibid., p. 383. 25. Report if the Sevenry-jiflh Annual Confirence if the Labour Parry 1976 (London:

The Labour Party, 1976) p. 188. 26. Ibid., p. 189. 27. Sir Keith Joseph, Monetarism is Not Enough (London: Centre for Policy

Studies, 1976) p. 12.

Notes 133

28. The Right Approach (London: Conservative Central Office, 1976) p. 10. 29. Gamble, Britain in Decline, p. 148. 30. The Right Approach, p. 24. 31. Coriference qf the Labour Parry, p. 189. 32. Sked and Cook, Post-War Britain, p. 322. 33. James Callaghan, Time and Chance (London: Collins, 1987) p. 528. 34. Clive Jenkins, All Against the Collar (London: Methuen, 1990) p. 144. 35. Tony Benn, Coriflicts qf Interest: Diaries, 1977-80, edited by Ruth Winstone

(London: Arrow Books, 1990) p. 434. 36. Ibid. 37. Ibid., p. 435. 38. John Biffen, 'The Conservatism of Labour', in Maurice Cowling (ed.),

Conservative Essays (London: Cassell, 1978) pp. 166-7. 39. Mary Loudon, Revelations: The Clergy Questioned(London: Hamish Hamilton,

1994) pp. 259-60. 40. Marwick, British Sociery since 1945, p. 284. 41. David Sanders, Hugh Ward and David Marsh (with Tony Fletcher),

'Government Popularity and the Falklands War: A Reassessment', British Journal qf Political Science, vo!. XVII (1987) p. 281.

42. Healey, The Time qf A{y Life, p. 502. 43. Ibid. 44. Edgar Wilson, A Very British Miracle (London: Pluto Press, 1992) p. 93. 45. David Butler and Dennis Kavanagh, The British General Election qf 1987

(Basingstoke: Macmillan, 1988) p. 112. 46. Ibid., p. 118. 4 7. Peter Riddell, The Thatcher Decade (Oxford: Basil Blackwell, 1989) p. 211. 48. Alan Watkins, A Conservative Coup (London: Duckworth, 1992) p. 71. 49. Ibid., pp. 70-2. 50. Margaret Thatcher, The Downing Street Years (London: Harper Collins,

1993) pp. 839-40. 51. Ibid., p. 839. 52. David Butler and Dennis Kavanagh, The British General Election qf 1992

(Basingstoke: Macmillan, 1992) p. 252. 53. Ibid., p. 24 7.

Chapter 3 'Who Governs Britain?'

1. Alistair Michie and Simon Haggart, The Pact (London: Quartet Books, 1978) p. 183.

2. David Owen, Time to Declare (London: Michael Joseph, 1991) p. 434. 3. Ibid., p. 443. 4. Ian Bradley, Breaking the Mould? (Oxford: Martin Robertson, 1981) p. 121. 5. Ibid., pp. 121-2. 6. Roger Levy, Scottish Nationalism at the Crossroads (Edinburgh: Scottish Aca­

demic Press, 1990) p. 58. 7. Billy Wolfe, Scotland Lives (Edinburgh: Reprographia, 1973) pp. 105-6. 8. Kenneth Morgan, The People's Peace: British History, 1945-1989 (Oxford:

Oxford University Press, 1990) p. 288.

134 Notes

9. L. J. Macfarlane, Issues in British Politics since 1945 (London: Longman, 1986) p. 98.

10. Harold Jackson, 'Northern Ireland', in David McKie and Chris Cook (eds), The Decade qf Disillusion: British Politics in the Sixties (London; Macmillan, 1972) p.228.

11. Harold Wilson, The Labour Government, 1964-1970: A Personal Record (London: Weidenfeld and Nicolson, 1971) p. 693.

12. Ibid. 13. Andrew Roth, Heath and the Heathmen (London: Routledge & Kegan Paul,

1972) p. 232. 14. Norman Tebbit, Upwardly Mobile (London: Futura, 1989) p. 294. 15. David Waddington, Contemporary Issues in Public Disorder (London: Rout­

ledge, 1992) p. 158. 16. David Butler and Dennis Kavanagh, The British General Election qf February

1974 (London: Macmillan, 1974) p. 115. 17. Ibid., p. 273. 18. Barbara Castle, The Castle Diaries, 1964-70 (London: Weidenfeld and

Nicolson, 1984) pp. 560-1. 19. Ibid., pp. 690-1. 20. Peter Jenkins, The Battle qf Downing Street (London: Charles Knight, 1970)

p.l40. 21. Ibid. 22. Joe Gormley, Battered Cherub (London: Hamish Hamilton, 1982) p. 87. 23. Edgar Wilson, A Very British Miracle (London: Pluto Press, 1992) p. 94. 24. Ibid., p. 112. 25. Martin Holmes, The First Thatcher Government, 1979-83 (Brighton: Harves-

ter, 1985) pp. 34--5. 26. Geoffrey Goodman, The Miners' Strike (London: Pluto Press, 1985) p. 13. 27. Ibid., p. 17. 28. Peter Rain, Political Strikes (Harmondsworth: Penguin, 1986) p. 139. 29. Martin Adeney and John Lloyd, The Miners' Strike, 198 4-5: Loss without Limit

(London: Routledge & Kegan Paul, 1988) p. 42.

Chapter 4 Battles on the Streets

1. Alfred Willener, The Action-Image qf Society: On Cultural Politiciz;ation, trans-lated by A. M. Sheridan Smith (London: Tavistock Publications, 1970) p. x.

2. James Callaghan, Time and Chance (London: Collins, 1987) p. 258. 3. Martin Kettle and Lucy Hodges, Uprising! (London: Pan, 1982) p. 29. 4. Harris Joshua and Tina Wallace, To Ride the Storm (London: Heinemann,

1983) p. 210. 5. The Scarman Report (Harmondsworth: Penguin, 1982) p. 36. 6. Ibid., pp. 77-8. 7. Ibid., p. 199. 8. Joshua and Wallace, To Ride the Storm, p. 210. 9. John Benyon, 'Scarman and After', in John Benyon (ed.), Scarman and After

(Oxford: Pergamon Press, 1984) p. 242.

Notes 135

10. Lord Scarman, 'An Epilogue', in ibid., p. 260. II. The Broadwater Fann Inquiry (London: Karia Press, 1986) p. xxii. 12. Alan Watkins, A Conservative Coup (London: Duckworth, 1992) p. 51. 13. David Waddington, Contemporary Issues in Public Disorder (London: Rout­

ledge, 1992) pp. 2-3. 14. Ibid., pp. 20-1.

Chapter 5 Battles for Minds

I. Keith Tompson, Under Siege (Harmondsworth: Penguin, 1988) p. 66. 2. A. W. Singham, 'Immigration and the Election', in D. E. Butler and

Anthony King (eds), The British General Election if 1964 (London: Macmillan, 1965) pp.365-6.

3. Shamit Saggar, Race and Politics in Britain (London: Harvester, 1992) p. I 07. 4. The full text of the speech is in Enoch Powell, Reflections if a Statesman,

selected by Rex Collings (London: Bellew Publishing, 1991) pp. 373-9. 5. It has now passed into history in this corrupted form. Cf., as entirely

random examples in authoritative books: Martin Barker, The New Racism (London: Junction Books, 1981) p. 38; Peter Brahan, Ali Rattansi and Richard Skellington (eds), Racism and Antiracism: Inequalities, Opportunities and Policies (London: Sage Publications, 1992) p. 18; John Solomos, Race and Racism in Contemporary Britain (Basingstoke; Macmillan, 1989) p. 91; Tompson, Under Siege, pp. xv and 65. Powell was actually quoting from Book 6 of Virgil's Aeneid.

6. Philip Rose (ed.), Social Trends (London: HMSO, 1993) pp. 15-16. 7. Nicholas Abercrombie, Alan Warde et al., Contemporary British Society (Cam­

bridge: Polity Press, 1992) p. 258. 8. Herman Ouseley, 'The Way Forward: Proposals and Prospects', in John

Benyon and John Solomos (eds), The Roots if Urban Unrest (Oxford: Pergamon Press, 1987) p. 138.

9. Mary Eagleton (ed.), Feminist Literary Criticism (London: Longman, 1991) p. 135.

10. Arthur Marwick, British Society since 1945 (Harmondsworth: Penguin, 1982) p. 150.

11. Germaine Greer, The Female Eunuch (London: Paladin, 1991) pp. 370-1. 12. Juliet Mitchell, Women: The Longest Revolution (London: Virago, 1984) p. 79. 13. Juliet Mitchell and Ann Oakley (eds), What is Feminism? (Oxford: Basil

Blackwell, 1989) p. 2. 14. Abercrombie, Warde eta!., Contemporary British SocieiJ', p. 206. 15. Margaret Laing, Edward Heath: Prime Minister (London: Sidgwick & Jack­

son, 1972) p. 2. 16. Rosalind Delmar, 'What is Feminism?', in Mitchell and Oakley, What is

Feminism?, p. I. 17. Cora Kaplan, 'Radical Feminism and Literature: Rethinking Millett's

Sexual Politics', in Eagleton, Feminist Literary Criticism, p. 169. 18. Margaret Marshment, 'The Picture is Political', in Diane Richardson and

Victoria Robinson ( eds), Introducing Women's Studies (Basingstoke: Macmillan, 1993) p.l23.

Chapter 6 'b ... y furriners'

1. G. Jean-Aubrey, Joseph Conrad: Life and Letters (London: William Heine­mann, 1927) p. 221.

2. Leslie Stone, 'Britain and the World', in David McKie and Chris Cook (eds), The Decade qf Disillusion: British Politics in the Sixties (London: Macmillan, 1972) p. 122.

3. Joseph Frankel, British Foreign Policy, 1945-1973 (London: Oxford Uni­versity Press, 1975) p.l37.

4. Kenneth Morgan, The People's Peace: British History 1945-1989 (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1990) p. 407.

5. Ibid. 6. Lawrence Freedman, Britain and the Falklands War (Oxford: Basil Blackwell,

1988) p. 29. 7. Ibid., p. 94. 8. Ibid., p. 95. 9. Ibid., p. 72.

10. Edgar Wilson, A Very British Miracle (London: Pluto Press, 1992) p. 130. 11. Margaret Thatcher, The Downing Street Years (London: Harper Collins,

1993) p. 215. 12. Ibid. 13. Michael Charlton, The Little Platoon (Oxford: Basil Blackwell, 1989) p. 209. 14. Ibid., pp.216-17. 15. Margaret Thatcher, The Downing Street Years, p. 215. 16. L.]. Macfarlane, Issues in British Politics since 1945 (London: Longman,

1986) pp. 124-5. 17. The United Kingdom and the European Communities (London: Her Majesty's

Stationery Office, 1971) Cmnd 4715, p. 2. 18. Ibid., p. 17. 19. Ibid., p. 15. 20. Tony Benn, Coriflicts qf Interest: Diaries 1977-80, edited by Ruth Winstone

(London: Arrow, 1990) p. 561. 21. Alan Sked and Chris Cook, Post- War Britain (Harmondsworth; Penguin,

1993) p. 540.

Index

Abercrombie, Nicholas, roo, 135 Action-Image qf Society: On Cultural

Politicization, 83, 134 Acts of Parliament, 2, 5, u-12, 73, 76,

94, 96, 134 Adamson, Campbell, 73 Adeney, Martin, 79, 134 Admission qf Commonwealth Citizens to the

United Kingdom, 95 Affluence, 14-15,20,22,26,41 Afro-Caribbean, roo Age qf Illusions, The, 30, 132 AIDS, 94 Aldabra, u8 Aldermaston, 82 All Against the Collar, 39, I 33 Allara, Admiral Gualter, II7 Alliance, 46, 49, 59-60 Amin, Idi, 99 Anglo-Irish Agreement, 67 Archbishop of Canterbury, 42 Argentina, 44, u3-17 Army, British, 64-6, II3-I5; see also

Troops Asians, 97, 99-100 At the End qf the Day, 23, I32 Atkins, Humphrey, 67 Attlee, Clement, 12-13, I31-2 Attlee Government, 1945-1951, The

Uefferys), 13-I4, 131

Backbenchers, So, 123 Baghdad, 120 Barker, Dennis, 96 Battered Cherub, 73, I34 Battle qf Downing Street, The Uenkins),

72, 134 BBC (British Broadcasting

Corporation), 15, 58, 104 Belgium, 122 Belgrano, General, II 5-I7 Benn, Tony, 39, I26, 133, 136

Benyon,john,9o, I34-5 Beveridge Report, I I Beveridge, Sir William, I3I Bevins, Reginald, 23, 132 Biffen, John, 40-1, 133 Birch, Nigel, 25 Birmingham, 69, 87, 89, 95-6 Blandford, Linda, 104 'Bloody Sunday', 65-7 Blue Streak, II7-I8 Bogside, 64-5; see also Derry Bradley, Ian, 59, 133 Breaking the Mould?, 59, 133 Brighton, 67-8 Bristol, 84-5, 88 Britain and the Falklands War

(Freedman), II4-15, 136 Britain between the Wars, 1918-1940

(Mowatt), ro, I3I Britain in Decline (Gamble), 28, 37,

132-3 Britain since 1945 (Childs), 23, 132 British Aerospace, 48 British Airports, 48 British Foreign Policy, 1945-1973

(Frankel), II2, 136 British General Election qf 1964, The

(Butler and King), 96, 135 British General Election qf 1970, The

(Butler and Pinto-Duschinsky), 71, 134

British General Election qf February 1974, The (Butler and Kavanagh), 71, 134

British General Election qf 1987, The (Butler and Kavanagh), 49, 133

British General Election qf 1992, The (Butler and Kavanagh), 53-4, 133

British Gas, 48 British Journal qf Political Science, 45,

133

British Politics since 1945 (Dutton), 6, 13, r8, 131-2

British Society since 1945 (Marwick), 14, 27, 45, 102, 131-3, 135

British Telecom, 47 Britoil, 48 Brixton, 85-90 Broadwater Farm Estate, 8g-go Broadwater Farm Inquiry, go, 135 Bruges, 127 Brussels, r 27 Budget, 26, 32-3, 35, 43, 45, 48, 53,

125-6 Bundesbank, 129 Burgess, Guy, 24 Butler, David, 29, 49, 53-4, 71, 132-5 Butler, R. A., II-r2 By-elections, g, 23, 59-62

Cabaret, 22, 123, 132 Cadbury, Peter, 42 Cabinet, 3, 6, 12, 20, 23, 35, 39, 41,

51-2, 58, 68, 72, 107, II6 Callaghan, James, 35-7, 39-40, 43,

46,58, 64,75-6,84,126,133-4 Canavan, Michael, 65 CND (Campaign for Nuclear

Disarmament), r8, 82-3 Capitalism, 13, 34, 36--7, 88, 103, 105 Caribbean, r8-rg, 94 Castle, Barbara, 72-3, 134 Castle Diaries, 1964-70, The, 72, 134 CBI (Confederation of British

Industries), 73 Chancellor of the Exchequer, 23-4,

26,32,34-5, 38,43,51,56,128 Charlton, Michael, u6-r7, 136 Childs, David, 23, 132 Churchill, Winston, So, 101 Civil Rights, 63, 65 Coal, 29, 73-4, 78, So, 82 Coalition, 10, 54 Cole, G. D. H., 10 Colour, 93, 95-6, g8, 100, IIO-II2,

130 Commission for Equal Opportunities,

101, 103

Commission for Racial Equality, 100-1, 103

Index

Common Agricultural Policy, 125 Common Market, 3, uo, 121, 126; see

also European Community Common People, 1746-1946, The (Cole

and Postgate), 10, 131 Commonwealth, 3, 94-5, 97, rog-10,

129-30 Commonwealth Immigrants Act, 94,

g8 Communism, 12-13, 24, 75-6, uS,

130; see also USSR Community Charge, 51-2, go-2; see

also Poll Tax Coriflicts rif Interest: Diaries 1977--Bo

(Benn), 39, 126, 133, 136 Conrad, Joseph, 109, 136 Consensus, g, II, 54, 71, 132 Consensus Politics from Attlee to Thatcher

(Kavanagh and Morris), 33, 132 Conservative Coup, A (Watkins), 52, gr,

133, 135 Conservative Essays (Cowling, ed.),

39-4°, 133 Conservative Party, 3-4, 6--7, 12-14,

20, 22-7, 29, 31-2, 35-8, 40-3, 45-6,49-54>56-7,59-61, 67-8, 71,73-4,76-8, 8o-r,88-g,g6-8, 101, 105, 109, ug, 121-3, 126-7, 130, 132-3; see also Tories

Contemporary British Society (Abercrombie et al.), 100, 104, 135

Contemporary England, 1914-1964 (Medlicott), 13, 131

Contemporary Issues in Public Disorder (Waddington), 71, gr-2, 134-5

Cook, Chris, 15, 32, 38, 131-4, 136 Council of Ireland, 67 Crime, 41-2, 48, 56, 87-g, gr; see also

Law and Order Crosby, 59 Cyprus, ug, 130

Daily Herald, 15, 17 Daily Mail, 30-r, 48-50, 74, 88, go,

125 Daily Mirror, 44, 46, 49, 53-5, 68-70

Index

Daily Telegraph, 28---9, 4o-2, 66, 81, 89, 99, III, 119, 126, 130

Denmark, 128 Decade qf Disillusion: British Politics in the

Sixties, The (McKie and Cook, eds), 28, 63, 109, 132, 134, 136

de Gaulle, Charles, 109, 121 Defence policy, 24, 117-18 Delmar, Rosalind, 106, 135 Demonstrations, 16-18, 52, 63, 65, 8o,

82-4,91-2 Derry, 63-5 'Desert Storm', 119-120 Devaluation, 27-8, 56 Devlin, Bernadette, 66 Devolution, 61-2 Discrimination, 5, 63, 89---90, 93, 101,

Ios-s, 107 Douglas-Home, Sir Alec, 23, 26-7, 95 Downing Street Declaration, see Joint

Declaration Downing Street Years, The (Thatcher),

52-3, 116-I7, 133, 136 Dublin, 66, 69-71, 126 Dunn, Bill, 76 Dutton, David, 6, 13, 30, 131-2

Eagleton, Mary, 101-2, 135 Earnings, 31-3, 35, 40, 81, 101, 122; see

also Income Economic sanctions, III, 115 Economist, The, 32, 50, 73, 88---9, 127 Economy, 3, 6, 10, 12, 22, 26, sr-8,

40,42,44,46-8,ss-6,6s,75, 88-9, 92, 119, 122-3

Eden, Sir Anthony, 18 Education, 11-12, 4o-2, 44, 48, 8o-1,

89, 95-6, 98, 101, 103 Education Act, 11-12 Edward Heath: Prime Minister (Laing),

27, 105, 132, 135 Egypt, 17-18, 20, 30 Electricity, 29, 44, 48 Elizabeth I, 15 Elizabeth II, 15, III Empire, British, 3, 109-10, 122, 129 Employment, 4, 33-4, 48, 55, 63, 72,

89, 93- 5, 98,104-5

Employment Protection Act, 104 Equal Pay Act, 103

139

Equality, II-12, 93, IOD-1, 103-5 ERM (Exchange Rate Mechanism),

51, 56, 128----9 Esso, 30 European Community (EC/EEC), 3,

7, 51, 10g-10, 115, 118, 121-9; see also Common Market

Ewing, Winifred, 61-2 Exports, 26-8

Falkland (Islands) War, 44-6, 110, 113-17, 119, 127, 133, 136

Far East, 118 Female Eunuch, The (Greer), 102, 135 Feminism, 41, 102-7, 135; see also

Women's Movement Feminist Literary Criticism (Eagleton,

ed.), 101-2, 107, 135 Financial Times, 27-8, 65-6, 117-18,

123 First Thatcher Government, 1979-83, The

(Holmes), 7J, 134 First World War, 9-10 Fletcher, Tony, 45, 133 Foot, Michael, 46 Foreign Policy, 17-18, 44-6, 109-10,

113-14, 121-30 Foreign Secretary, 52 France, 18,43, 109,118,120-2,123-5,

127---9 Frankel, Joseph, 112, 136 Franks Report, 114 Freedman, Lawrence, 114, 136

Gallup Poll, 56 Gamble, Andrew, 28, 37, 132-3 Gas, 29, 44, 48 GCHQ (Government

Communications Headquarters), 47,77-8

General elections, 3, 4, 6, 9-10, 12-14, 22, 26, 28-9, SI, 38, 4o-1, 44-6, 48-s4,s6-6o,62,67,7I,73-6, 80,95-6,105,123-6,132-5

General Strike, 10, 76, 79

140

Germans, 43, 8s, I27 Germany, g, 22, 122, I24, 129 Gifford, Lord, go Goodman, Geoffrey, 79, I34 Gordon Walker, Patrick, g6~7 Gormley, Joe, 73, I34 Greasy Pole, The (Bevins), 23, I32 Great War: see First World War Greer, Germaine, 102, 106, I3S Gregg, Pauline, I2, I3I Grosvenor Square, 83 Grunwick, 84 Guardian, The, 2S, 3I, 4()-I, sg, 76~7,

84, 86, g6, !02, II3~I4, II9~20

Hain, Peter, 79, I34 Hamilton, 61~2 Handsworth, 87, 8g Hansard, II, 24~s, 43, 66-7, 78, 8o, 82,

IOI, IIO~II, II8, 120, 122~4 Harman, Harriet, 107 Harringay, 8g Healey, Denis, gg--s, g8, 4s~6, 132~3 Health, II, 40, 44, 76 Heath, Edward, 27, 29~32, 4I, sr,

66-7,7I, 73~4,77, g8, I2I, 123~4, !26, I32, l34~s

Heath and the Heathmen (Roth), 67, I34 Heseltine, Michael, sr~2 Hiro, Dilip, g8 Hodges, Lucy, 84~s, 134 Haggart, Simon, s7~8, I33 Holmes, Martin, 77, I34 Home Secretary, 42, 66, 84 House of Commons, s, 24~7, 32, gg,

47, 53, 55, 59, 6r, 66-7, 76, 78, 82, g8, 105, I 17~18, I22~4, 127

House of Lords, 5 Housing, 10, 6g, 86, 88, gi, 95, g8 Howe, Sir Geoffrey, 43, 45, 52~3, 124 Howe, Lady, 103 Hussein, Saddam, 120

Idealism, g~2 r Immigrants, r8~rg, 94~7, gg~wi Immigration, r8~rg, 94, g6~g, 101,

I 35; see also Racism Immigration Act, 94~5

Index

Imports, 26~8 In Place qf Strifi, 72 Incomes, I4~r6, 22, 27~9, 40, 42~3,

45, so, 52~3; see also Earnings Incomes policy, 28~go, 32, g8~g, 73,

75 Independent, The, 54~5, 70, 8r, 92, 104,

I27 Independent on Sunday, The, 54, 100 Industrial relations, g8~g, 47, 54, 58,

72~5, 77, 79~8o; see also Strikes and trade unions

Inflation, 4, 27~9, 32~5, 37~42, 45, 71, 74

Inquiries, go, 74, 86-7, II4 Institute for Fiscal Studies, 42, 44 International Affairs, r7~I8, 44~6, 48,

so, wg~go Introducing Women's Studies, 107, 135 IRA, 66~7r Iraq, 120 Israel, go Issues in British Politics since 1945, 6g,

II6, 134, rg6 Italy, I29 lTV (Independent Television), rs

Jackson, Harold, 6g, I34 Jeffreys, Kevin, Ig~r4, rgi Jenkins, Clive, gg, I33 Jenkins, Peter, 72, 134 Jenkins, Roy, 58 Joint Declaration, 70 Jones, Jack, 72 Joseph, Sir Keith, g6, 43, 132 Joshua, Harris, 85, 88, 134

Kaplan, Cora, w6~7, 135 Kavanagh, Dennis, 33, 49, 53~4, 71,

I32~4

Keeler, Christine, 24 Keesing's Contemporary Archives, 5 Kennedy, John F., 1

Kenya, 97 Kenyan Asians, 97 Kettle, Martin, 84~5, 134 Keynes, John Maynard, 34~5, 37 Keynesianism, 33~7, 44

Index

Khabia, Piara, 101 King, Anthony, 125, 135 Kinnock, Neil, 46, 48-9, 54-5 Kuwait, 120

Labour Government, 1964-1970: A Personal Record, The (Wilson), 64-5, 134

Labour Party, g, 7, 12-14, 25-7, 31-2, 35-8,4o-r,44-50,52,54-5,57, 62,72,74-6,82,96-7,100,107, 110, 112, 121-4, 126, 132-4

Labour Party, 1976 Conference Report, 35-8, 132-3

Lady Chatterlry's Laver, 2

Laing, Margaret, 27, 105, 132, 135 Lamont, Norman, 56, 128-9 Law and order, 40, 64, 87, 89; see also

Crime Lawrence, D. H., 2 Lawson, Nigel, 51, 128, 133 Levy, Roger, 61 Liberal Democrats, 54, 6o Liberal Party, 57-60, 96, 121, 123 Libya, 119 Listener, The, 58 Little Platoon, The (Charlton), 116-17,

136 Liverpool, 86, 88 Lloyd George, David, 10 Lloyd, John, 79,134 Lloyd, Selwyn, 23-4 London, r8-r9,52,6o,66,7o-r,8o,

8g, 85-9, 91, 98, 117 Landon Evening News, 84 London School of Economics, 83 Londonderry: see Derry Laok Bank in Anger, 19-21, 132 Loudon, Mary, 133 Loyalists, 71 Lynch, Jack, 64

Maastricht Treaty, 7, 127-8; see also European Community

MacFarlane, L. J., 6g, 121, 134, 136 MacGregor, Ian, 79 Macmillan Dictionary if Modern

Economics, 34, 132

141

Macmillan, Harold, r8, 20, 23-6, 118, 132

Major, John, 5o-r, 53, 55, 101, 120, 128

Malaysia, 118 Manchester, 86 Marsh, David, 45, 133 Marshall Aid, 13 Marshment, Margaret, 107, 135 Marwick, Arthur, 14, 26-7,45, 102,

rgr-g, 135 Marxism, 34 Maternity, 104 Maudling, Reginald, 26, 66 McHugh, Susan, 69 McKellan,lan,94 McKie, David, 132, 134, 136 Media, 15, 24, gr-2, 39, 42, 45, 49, 69,

n-s, 84-5, 95, 103-4, 114-15, 123, 125, 133

Medlicott, W. N., 13, 131 Michie, Alistair, 57-8 Middle East, r8, go, 118 Middlemass, Keith, g, 131 Midlands, 19-20, 69, 96-7, 99 Millett, Kate, 101-2, 107, 135 Miners' Strike, The (Goodman), 79, 134 Miners' Strike, 1984-5: Lass without

Limit, The (Adeney and Lloyd), 79, 134

Minister for Defence, 117-18 Ministers, g, 6, 23, 25, 58, 6o, 67-8,

117-18, 127 Mitchell, Juliet, 102, 135 Monetarism, 33, 35-7,40, 43-4, 132 Monetarism Is Not Enough, g6, 132 Morgan, Kenneth, g, r8, 26, 62, 112,

rgr-g, 136 MORI polls, 114-15 Morning Star, 6r, 75-6, 89 Morris, Peter, 132 Moscow, 13, 24 Mowatt, Charles, 10, 131 MPs (Members of Parliament), 5, 14,

gr, 51-g, 55, 57, 59-60, 6g, 67, 72, So, 82, 101, 105, 107, 114, 116, u9, 122-3

Muslims, 100

142

National Coal Board, 73, 79 National Health Service, 12, 48-g,

5s-6 National Opinion Polls, 27-8, 81, 100 Nationalisation, 12, 47 Nationalism, 6o-s, 97, 12s, 129 NATO (North Atlantic Treaty

Organisation), II9 Neave, Airey, 67 Netherlands, 122 Nevin, Michael, so, IS2 New Sociery, 102 New Statesman, II9 New Towns Commission, 99 Newspapers: see Press Nigeria, 129 'Night of the Long Knives', 22-4 Northern Ireland, 41-2, 62-7, 69-71,

1S4 Nothing But the Best (film), 1-2 Notting Hill, 18-19 Nottingham, 19 Nuclear weapons, 82--3, u7-18 NUM (National Union of

Mineworkers), so----1, 47, 71, 73-4, 77-8, 8o, 84, IS4

NUT (National Union of Teachers): see Teachers

Oakley, Ann, 102, IS5 Obscene Publications Act, 2 Observer, The, 46-g, 61, 8s, 97-8, 125 Oil, so----1, 62; see also Petrol Opinion polls/ surveys, 40, 44, 46, 49,

52, 54-5, 81, II4-15, II9, 121, 125; see also Gallup, MORI, National polls

Orwell, George, 78 Osborne, John, 19-21, IS2 Ouseley, Herman, 100, IS5 Owen, David, 58-9, 78, IS5

Pact, The (Michie and Hoggart), 57-8, 1SS

Parliament, 4-5, u, 14, 2S, 25, s1-2, s9-4o, 45-6, 5o---2, 57-61, 66, 71, 73, 78, 8o, 82, 94, 105, 107, III-12, II4, 120, 122-S, 126-7

Patten,John,81 PC (politically correct

language/behaviour), 107-8 Pearce, David W., S4, IS2

Index

People's Peace: British History, 1945-1989 (Morgan), s, 18, 26, 62, II2, ISI-s, IS6

Perry Bar, 96 Peru, u5-17 Petrol, so----1, 4S, 75i see also Oil Philby,Kim,4s-4 Pinto-Duschinksy, Michael, IS2 Plaid Cymru, 6o, 6s Polaris, u8 Police, 17, 65,78, 82-g2 Political Strikes (Hain), 79, 134 Poll tax, 51-2, 54, 9o---2; see also

Community Charge Pouting, Clive, 79, u6 Positive discrimination: see

Discrimination Postgate, Raymond, 10 Post-War Britain, 15, S2, s8-g, 127,

IS1-s, IS6 Powell, Enoch, 97-9, 101, 122, IS5 Power, Competition and the State

(Middlemas), s, ISI Press, 25-6, so----2, 44, 48-g, 73, 76,

8o,84,94,99, 107,120,125 Prices, 22, 28, S1-s, 40, 12S Prime Minister, 6, 10, 18, 20, 2S,

25-6,s1, s6,sB-41,45-7,51-4, 57, 62, 64, 66-8, 73-s, n, 79, 81, 92, 95, 101, IIO, II2, II8, 12o---1, 12S, 127-8

Princess of Wales, 106 Privatisation, 47, 49-50 Profumo, John, 2S-5 Proportional representation, 54,

57-6° Protestants, 6s, 66-7, 7o---1

Race, 84-g, 9s-7, 100, no, 1so Rllce and Politics in Britain (Saggar), 97,

1S5 Race and Rllcism in Contemporary Britain

(Solomos), 19, ISI Race Relations Acts, 5, 94, 96, 98

Index

Race Relations Board, 94 Racism, 7, r8-rg, 86-7, 8g, 95-8,

roo-r; see also Immigration Railways, 12, 29 Rallies: see Demonstrations Reagan, Ronald, 115, II9 Recession, 36, 50, 54-5, 62 Referenda, 6r-2, 125 Riflections qf a Statesman (Powell), 97-8,

135 Republic of Ireland, 63-4, 66-8, 7o-r Reynolds, Albert, 70 Revelations: The Clergy Qyestioned

(Loudon), 42, 133 Richard III, 40 Riddell, Peter, 5 r, r 33 Ridley, Nicholas, 127 Rippon, Geoffrey, 124-5 Right Approach, The (Conservative

Central Office), 37, 43, 133 Riots, r6-r7, rg, 64-5, 82-92, 99 'rivers of blood', 97-8 Rock and roll, r6-r7 Rodgers, William, 58 Rolls Royce, 48 Roman Catholics, 63-70 Roots qf Urban Unrest, The (Benyon and

Solomas), roo, 135 Rose, Philip, 134, 135 Roth, Andrew, 67 Royal Air Force, rr3-I5, II8-rg Royal Navy, II3-I7 Russia: see USSR

Saggar, Shamit, 97, 135 StJohn-Stevas, Norman, 3 Sanders, David, 45, 133 Scanlon, Hugh, 72 Scarman and After (Benyon, ed.), go,

134-5 Scarman, Lord, 86-7, go, 134-5 Scarman Report, The, 86-7, 134 Scotland, 51, 6o-2, go-r, 121, 133 Scotland Lives (Wolfe), 62, 133 Scottish Nationalism at the Crossroads

(Levy), 6r, 133

143

Scottish Nationalist Party (SNP), 60-2 Second World War, 2, ro-II, 14, 32,

36, 85, 94, rog Sex Discrimination Act, 5, ro3 Sexual Politics (Millett), ror-2, ro7, 135 Sexuality, 2-3, 24-5, 93-4 Shakespeare, William, 15, 40 Shore, Peter, 123-4 Sinclair, Peter, 28, 132 Singham, A. W., g6, 135 Sked,Alan, 15, 32, 38,131-3,136 Skinner, Denis, 78, 82 Skybolt, II8 Smethwick, g6-7 Smith, Ian, uo, II2 Smith, John, 55, ro7 Social and Economic History qf Britain,

1746-1965 (Gregg), 12, 131 Social class, 7, g-ro, 20, 42, 44, 59, 79,

86-g, g8, !2! Social Contract, 74-5 Social Democrats (SDP), 54, 58-6o Social Insurance and Allied Services, II, 131 Social Trends, roo, 135 Socialist/ism, 12-13, 36 Solomos, John, rg, 131, 135 South Africa, II2, 129 Southern Rhodesia, 83, rro-r3, u8,

!29 Soviet Union: see USSR Spain, 15, II3 Spare Rib, ro3 Spectator, r 27 Stock Exchange, 50 Stone, Leslie, rog, 136 Stormont, 63-4 Strikes, 7, 30-r, 38-40, 42, 54, 72-80,

84, g8, 131; see also Industrial relations; Trade unions

Suez, r7-r8, 20, 82 Sun, The, 32-3, 45, 54-5, 63-4, 6g,

75-6, 85-6, gg, IIQ-II, II3-r6, !28

Sundqy Mirror, 120 Sundqy Times, 64, 71, 83, ro7, 126, 129

Taunton, 52

Tax(ation), 34-5, 37, 4o-5, 48--g, 51, 53, go-2, 122; see also Community Charge; Poll tax; VAT

Teachers, 41--2, 8o-1 Tebbit, Norman, 68, 134 Teddy boys, 16--17 Television, 15, 31, 45, 58, 68, 91-2,

104 Terrorism, 41-2, 66-7o, ug Texaco, 75 17tatcher Decade, The (Riddell), 51, 133 Thatcher, Margaret, 36--7, 4o-1,

43-6,48-s3,s6-8,67-8,7s-7, 79, 81, 84, 87, go, 92, 109, u3, !!6--17, 119, 126--8, 132-4, 136

Thatcherism, 42, 45, 79, 88 Tunes, The, 16, 25, 28, 35,44-6,49,

So, 84,95-6,123,126 Time and Chance (Callaghan), 39, 84,

133-4 T zme of A{y Lift, The (Healey), 35, 45,

132-3 Time to Declare (Owen), 58, 133 Tisdall, Sarah, 79 To Ride the Storm (Joshua and

Wallace), 85, 88, 134 Tompson, Keith, 94, 135 Tory, 7, 13, 20, 26, 4o-1, 52, 55, 75,

82, 92, 97-8, 123; see also Conservative Party

T ottenham, 8g Toxteth, 86, 88 Trade unions, 3o-1, 33, 35, 38-40, 47,

71-81, 84; see also Industrial Relations; Strikes

Troops, 64-5, 67, 71, 76, II4-I5i see also Army, British

'Troubles, The', 64-5, 6g-7o Trustees Savings Bank, 48 Tunbridge Wells, 52 Tweedie, Jill, 102

UDI (Unilateral Declaration of Independence), 83, uo-12

UDM (Union of Democratic Mineworkers), 78

Uganda, 99

Ugandan Asians, 99 Ulster: see Northern Ireland Under Siege (Tompson), 94, 135 Unemployment, 4, g, 28, 33-5,

Index

38-4o,42,44-8,so,s3,55-6,72, 79, 86, ss, 91, 94- 5, u 4

United Kingdom, 62, 125, 136 United Kmgdom and the European

Communities, The (HMSO), 121, 136

United Nations, 64, IID-12, us, u7, ug-2o, 130

University of Cambridge, 78 University of Essex, 45 University of Oxford, 27, 105 Uprising!, 85, 134 Upwardly Mobile (Tebbit), 68, 134 USA, I, 13, 17-18, 83, IIO, ns,

H7-20, 130 USSR, 13, 24, 48, 50, In, 130; see also

Communism

VAT (Value Added Tax), 43-4,54 Very British Miracle, The (Wilson), 48,

76--7, 116, 133-4, 136 Vietnam, 83, n8 Violence, I6-Ig, 54, 63, 651, 6g-7o,

78,83-92,95,99 Virago, 103

Waddington, David, 71, 91-2, 134-5 Wage restraint: see Incomes policy Wales, 6o-2, go-1, II3 Wallace, Tina, 85, 88, 134 Waller, Ian, ug Ward, Hugh, 45, 133 Warde, Alan, 100,135 Warrington, 6g-7o Water, 29, 48 Watkins, Alan, 52, 91, 133, 135 Welfare State, 14, 56 West Indians, I8-Ig, 94 West Oxfordshire, 52 Westminster, 57, 61-3, 71 Hlhat is Feminism?, 102, 106, 135 White Papers, 72-3, 121--2, 124 Willener, Alfred, 83, 134 Williams, Shirley, 58-g

Index

Wilson, Edgar, 48, 76--7, u6, 133-4, 136

Wilson, Harold, 25-7, 31, g6, 64-5, 72-5, 11Q-12, 126, 134

'Winter of Discontent', g8-41, 75, 8o Wolfe, Billy, 62, 133 W olverhampton, 98 Women, 9, 41, 93, 101-7, 121 Women: The lilngest Revolution

(Mitchell), 102, 135

145

Women's Movement, 41, 101-7, 13s; see also Feminism

Women's Newspaper, ro Wright, Peter, 79

Yom Kippur War, go Yorkshire, 19 Yugoslavia, 129

Zimbabwe, 110, II2