NOTES

Introduction

1. "Chile: A History of Dispossession and Discrimination," IWGIA Newsletter (June 1985), 56-7.

2. Sharad Kulkarni, "India: Indigenous communities in the sub-continent," IWGIA Newsletter (October/December 1988), 31-48.

3. Julian Burger, Report from the Frontier: the State of the World's Indigenous Peoples (London, Zed Books, 1987), p. 12.

4. http://www.nciv.net/millenium/definitions/some-indigenous-peoples-english.htm. 5. Brian Goehring, Indigenous Peoples of the World: an Introduction to Their Past,

Present and Future (Saskatoon: Purich, 1993), p. 7. 6. There is a sizable literature on this subject. See Tapan Bose, "Definition and

Delimination of the Indigenous Peoples of Asia," International Working Group on Indigenous Affairs at www.iwgia.org. See also Douglas Sanders, "The United Nations Working Group on Indigenous Populations," Human Rights Quarterly, 11 (1989), 406-33.

7. Survival International website, www.survival-international.org. 8. IWGIA introduction folder (www.iwgia.org/sw617 .asp) 9. Franz Boas, "Some Traits of Primitive Culture," journal of American Folklore,

vol. 17, no. 67 (1904), 243-54.

1 People the Earth: The Greatest Migration

1. There are numerous accounts of the creation stories of specific indigenous peoples. For a quick overview of a series of creation stories from around the world, see www.indigenouspeople.net.

2. These stories were recounted in Carl Etter, Ainu Folklore: Traditions and Culture of the Vanishing Aborigines of japan (Toronto: Wilcox and Follett, 1949).

3. Colin Calloway, The World Turned Upside Down: Indian HJices from Early America (Boston: Bedford Books, 1994), p. 23.

4. Knud Fladmark, "Routes: Alternate Migration Corridors for Early Man in North America," American Antiquity, vol. 44, no. 1 (1979), 55-69.

5. There is a lengthy debate in North America about the proper names for indigenous peoples. In the United States, the phrase 'Native Americans' has generally replaced the long-standing 'Indian'. In Canada, 'First Nations' is more commonly used than 'Indian' in academic and political discussions.

281

282 Notes

'Amerindians' is becoming more common when referring to the indigenous peoples of Central America.

6. Felipe Fermindez-Armesto, The Americas: a Hemispheric History (New York: Modern Library, 2003), p. 26.

3 Mutual Discovery: Tribal Peoples and the First Wave of Globalization

1. John Hemming, Red Gold: the Conquest of the Brazilian Indians (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University, 1978).

2. John Parry and Robert Keith, eds., New Iberian World: Volume III: Central America and Mexico (London: Times Books, 1984), pp. 268-9.

3. Hemming, Red Gold, pp.13-14. 4. Irving Leonard, ed., Colonial Travelers in Latin America (New York: Alfred

Knopf, 1972), p. 48. 5. J.M. Moziiio, Noticias de Nutka: an Account of Nootka Sound in 1792, ed. and

trans. Iris Wilson Engstrand (V.mcouver: Douglas & Mcintyre, 1991 ), pp. 9-16. 6. H.K. Kaul, ed., Travellers' India: an Anthology (Delhi: Oxford University Press,

1979), pp. 109-10. 7. Hemming, Red Gold, pp. 11-13. 8. Ronald Wright, Stolen Continents: the New World Through Indian Eyes Since

1492 (Toronto: Viking, 1991), p. 12. 9. john Brown, Old Frontiers: the Story of the Cherokee Indians from Earliest Times

(New York: Arno Press, 1971), pp. 44-5. 10. Parry and Keith, eds., New Iberian World: Volume Ill, p. 197. 11. Anne Salmond, Between Worlds: Early Exchanges Between Maori and Europeans,

1773-1815 (Honolulu: University ofHawai'i Press, 1997). 12. Colin Calloway, ed., The World Turned Upside Down: Indian Voices from Early

America (Boston: Bedford Books, 1994), p. 35. 13. Colin Calloway, ed., The World Turned Upside Down, pp. 50-2. 14. Cornelius J aenan, "Amerindian Views of French Culture in the Seventeenth

Century," in Ken Coates and Robin Fisher, eds., Out of the Background: Readings on Canadian Native History (Toronto: Copp Clark Pitman, 1988), pp. 119-20.

15. John Hemming, Red Gold, p. 10. 16. CorneliusJaenan, "Amerindian Views of French Culture," p. 112.

4 Resistance and Adaptation: Indigenous Reaction to Newcomer Occupations

1. B. de Las Casas, The Devastation of the Indies: a Brief Account, trans. Herma Briffault (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1992), pp. 33-4.

2. John Parry and Robert Keith, eds., New Iberian World: Volume III: Central America and Mexico (London: Times Books, 1984), pp. 297-8.

3. Francis Jennings, The Invasion of America: Indians, Colonialism, and the Cant of Conquest (New York: W.W. Norton, 1976), pp. 164-5.

Notes 283

4. Quoted in Russell Thornton, American Indian Holocaust and Survival: a Population History Since 1492 (Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1987), p.69.

5. Roger Moody, ed., The Indigenous Mlices (London: Zed Books, 1988), vol. 1, p. 55.

6. Takarura Shinichiro, "The Ainu of Northern Japan: a Study in Conquest and Acculturation," Transactions of the American Philosophical Society, New Series, vol. 50, part 4 (1960), 44.

7. Shinichiro, "The Ainu of Northern Japan,", 28. 8. Ronald Wright, Stolen Continents: the New World Through Indian Eyes Since

1492 (Toronto: Viking, 1991), p. 159. 9. Sarah Carter, Capturing Women: the Manipulation of Cultural Imagery in Canada's

Prairie Ulst (Montreal: MeGill-Queen's University Press, 1997), p. 187. 10. John Pape, "Black and White: the 'Perils of Sex' in Colonial Zimbabwe,"

Journal of Southern Africa Studies, vol. 16, no. 4 (December 1990), 710. 11. Pape, "Black and White", 700. 12. James Belich, Making Peoples: a History of the New Zealanders (Honolulu:

University of Hawai'i Press, 1996), 152.

5 Biological Changes: Ecological Imperialism and the Transformation of Tribal Worlds

1. Martin, Paul, "Prehistoric Extinctions: In the Shadow of Man," in Charles Kay and R.T. Simmons, eds., Wilderness and Political Ecology: Aboriginal Influences and the Orignial State of Nature (Salt Lake City: University of Utah Press, 2002).

2. Kirkpatrick Sale, The Conquest of Paradise: Christopher Colombus and the Columbian Legacy (New York: Penguin, 1990), p. 84.

3. Felipe Fermindez-Armesto, The Americas: a Hemispheric History (New York: Modern Library, 2003), p. 32.

4. Russell Thornton, American Indian Holocaust and Survival (Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1987), p. 60.

5. James Belich, Making Peoples: A History of the New Zealanders (Honolulu: University ofHawai'i Press, 1996), p. 147.

6. Alfred Crosby, The Columbian Exchange: Biological and Cultural Consequences of 1492 (Westport: Greenwood, 1972), p. 36.

7. Bernardino de Sashagiin, Conquest of New Spain (1585 revision), trans. Howard Cline (Salt Lake City: University of Utah Press, 1989), p. 103.

8. Crosby, The Columbian Exchange, pp. 40-1. 9. Crosby, The Columbian Exchange, p. 56.

I 0. Colin Calloway, New Worlds for AU: Indians, Europeans and the Remaking of Early America (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1997), p. 35.

ll. Ronald Wright, Stolen Continents: the New World Through Indian Eyes Since 1492 (Toronto: Viking, 1991), p. 136.

12. David Abernethy, The Dynamics of Global Dominance: European Overseas Empires, 1415-1980 (New Haven: Yale University Press, 2000), p. 229.

284 Notes

6 Spiritual Contests: Missionaries, Christianity, and Indigenous Societies

1. Roger Moody, ed., The Indigenous Hiices (London: Zed Books, 1988), vol. 1, 257. 2. Larry Poston, Islamic Da'wah in the Hi'st: Muslin Missionary Activity and the

Dynamics of Conversion to Islam (New York: Oxford University Press, 1992), 16. 3. Felipe Fermmdez-Armesto, The Americas: a Hemispheric History (New York:

Modern Library, 2003), 67. 4. Colin Calloway, New Worlds for All: Indians, Europeans and the Remaking of Early

America (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1997), 71. 5. Calloway, New Worlds for All, pp. 71, 73 and 76. 6. Moody, ed., The Indigenous Hiices, vol. 1, p. 249. 7. Norman Lewis, The Missionaries: God Against the Indians (London: Arrow,

1988), p. 114. 8. Lewis, The Missionaries, p. 156. 9. Indigenous Peoples of the Soviet North (Copenhagen: IWGIA, 1990), p. 27.

7 Administered Peoples: Indigenous Nations and Regulated Societies

1. John Parry and Robert Keith, eds., New Iberian World: Hilume Ill: Central America and Mexico (London: Times Books, 1984), p. 79.

2. Ronald Wright, Stolen Continents: the New World Through Indian Eyes Since 1492 (Toronto: Viking, 1991), p. 204.

3. Colin Calloway, ed., The World Turned Upside Down: Indian Hiices from Early America (Boston: Bedford Books, 1994), p. 92.

4. Sharad Kulkarni, "India: Indigenous communities in the sub-continent," IWGIA Newsletter (October/December 1988), 36.

5. "China Concerned with the Protection of Indigenous Peoples' Rights," 1 April 1997, at http://www.china-embassy.ch/engl11985.html.

6. Jane Samson, Imperial Benevolence: Making British Authority in the Pacific Islands (Honolulu: University of Hawai'i Press, 1998), p. 174.

7. Greg Poelzer, "Aboriginal Self-Government in Canada and Russia," draft manuscript. The Schmitt quotation comes from The Concept of the Political, trans. George Schwab (New Jersey: Rutgers University Press, 1976), p. 27.

8 Final Invasions: War, Resource Development, and the Occupation of Tribal Territories

1. Roger Moody, ed., The Indigenous H!ices (London: Zed Books, 1988), vol. 1, p. 195.

2. Julian Burger, Report from the Frontier: the State of the World's Indigenous Peoples (London: Zed Books, 1987), p. 3.

Notes 285

3. "Bangladesh: Oppression Continues," Indigenous Peoples of the Soviet North (Copenhagen: IWGIA, 1990), 29-30.

4. JWGIA Newsletter (June 1985), 15. 5. "Sri Lanka: the Veddas -a People Under Threat," IWGIA Newsletter (June

1985), 175. 6. "We, the Tuaregs," JWGI, Newsletter (December 1990), 137. 7. Moody, The Indigenous TVices, vol. 1, p. 69. 8. "Brazil: Calha Note project and mining prospecting- two aspects of the same

invasion," IWGA Newsletter (October/December 1988), 17.

9 Continuing the Struggle: Indigenous Protests, Legal Agendas, and Aboriginal Internationalism

1. Paul Chaat Smith and Robert Allen, Warrior, Like a Hurricane: the Indian Movement from Alcatraz to Wounded Knee (New York: New Press, 1996), pp. 218-77.

2. "Declaration of the Nishnawbe-Aski," in Roger Moody, ed., The Indigenous Hlices (London: Zed Books, 1988), vol. 2, p. 57.

3. Indigenous Peoples of the Soviet North (Copenhagen: IWGIA, 1990), p. 35. 4. "We are the indigenous peoples of Indian," IWGIA Newsletter (October/

December 1987), 47. 5. Douglas Sanders, "The Formation of the World Council of Indigenous Peoples,"

IWGIA Newsletter, no. 29, 1977. 6. online at: http://www.wrm.org.uy/. 7. japan's Minorities: Burakumin, Koreans, Aino Okinawans (London: Minority

Rights Group, 1983). 8. John Trudell, "We Are Power," in Roger Moody, ed., The Indigenous Hlices

(London: Zed Books, 1988), vol. 2, pp. 299-306.

10 Future Uncertainties

1. Colin Calloway, New Worlds for All: Indians, Europeans and the Remaking of Early America (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1997), p. 9.

2. John Bodley, V~etims of Progress, 3rd edition (Mountain View, CA: Mayfield, 1990), p. 1.

3. Zaheer Baber, The Science of Empire: Scientific Knowledge, Civilization and Colonial Rule in India, p. 253.

4. Quoted in Baber, The Science of Empire, p. 254. 5. David Abernethy, The Dynamics of Global Dominance: European Overseas Empires,

1415-1980 (New Haven: Yale University Press), p. 255. 6. "Diet to pass law on Ainu culture," Asahi Evening News, 8 May 1997. 7. Stephen Jay Gould, quoted in David Abernethy, The Dynamics of Global

Dominance, p. 375.

SELECTED BIBLIOGRAPHY

There is a vast and complex literature relating to the history of indigenous peoples. Much of the work - including a variety of superb studies - are local-level monographs detailing the specific experiences of individual indigenous groups. There is, as well, a very large amount of scholarly writing on government policies and legal aspects of indigenous affairs. The reading list provided below offers a sample of some of the better works on the subject, with an effort made to provide examples from around the world. For those interested in more contemporary accounts of the experiences of specific indigenous groups, the publications of the International Work Group on Indigenous Affairs are very useful.

Abernethy, David, The Dynamics of Global Dominance: European Overseas Empires, 14I5-I980. New Haven: Yale University Press, 2000.

Baber, Zaheer, The Science of Empire: Scientific Knowledge, Civilization, and Colonial Rule in India. Albany: State University ofNewYork, 1996.

Balzer, Marjorie Mandelstam, The Tenacity of Ethnicity: a Siberian Saga in Global Perspective. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1999.

Barkan, Elazar, The Guilt of Nations: Restitution and Negotiating Historical Injustices. New York: W.W. Norton, 2000.

Barnard, Alan, Hunters and Herders of Southern Africa: a Comparative Ethnography of the Khoisan Peoples. New York: Cambridge, 1992.

Barnes, R.H., Andrew Gray and Benedict Kingsbury, eds., Indigenous Peoples of Asia. Ann Arbor: Association for Asian Studies, 1995.

Battiste, Marie, ed., Reclaiming Indigenous lf:Jice and VISion. V.mcouver: UBC Press, 2002.

Belich, James, Making Peoples: a History of the New Zealanders. Honolulu: University of Hawai'i Press, 1996.

Benson, Linda and Ingvar Svanberg, China's Last Nomads: the History and Culture ofChina's Kazaks. London: M.E. Sharpe, 1998.

Berger, Thomas, A Long and Terrible Shadow: White Ullues, Native Rights in the Americas, I492-I992. Vancouver: Douglas and Mcintyre, 1991.

Berkhofer, Robert, The White Man's Indian: Images of the American Indian from Columbus to the Present. New York: Vintage, 1979.

Berndt, R.N. and C.H., The World ofthe First Australians. Sydney: Smith, 1977. Boas, Franz, "Some Traits of Primitive Culture,"]ournal of American Folklore, vol. 17,

no. 67, (1904), 243-54. Bodley, John, Cultural Anthropology: Tribes, States, and the Global System. Mountain

View, CA: Mayfield, 1989.

286

Selected Bibliography 287

Bodley, John, Tribal Peoples and Development Issues: a Global Overview. Mountain View, CA: Mayfield, 1988.

Bodley, John, Vutims of Progress. Mountain View, CA: Mayfield, 1990. Bordewich, Fergus, Killing the White Man's Indian: the Reinvention of Native

Americans at the End of the 20th Century. New York: Doubleday, 1996. Bowden, Henry, American Indians and Christian Mission. Chicago: University of

Chicago Press, 1981. Brody, Hugh, The Other Side of Eden: Hunters, Farmers and the Shaping of the World.

Vancouver: Douglas and Mcintyre, 2000. Brow, James, ~dda Villages of Anuradhapura: the Historical Anthropology of a

Community in Sri Lanka. Seattle: University ofWashington, 1978. Brown, John, Old Frontiers: the Story of the Cherokee Indians from Earliest Times.

New York: Arno Press, 1971. Brysk, Alison, From Tribal Vdlage to Global Village: Indian Rights and International

Relations in Latin America. Stanford: Stanford University Press, 2000. Burger, Julian, Report from the Frontier: the State of the World's Indigenous Peoples.

London: Zed Books, 1987. Burger, Julian, The Gaia Atlas of First Peoples: a Future for the Indigenous World.

New York: Doubleday, 1990. Calloway, Colin, New Worlds For All: Indians, Europeans and the Remaking of Early

America. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1997. Carter, Sarah, Capturing Women: the Manipulation of Cultural Imagery in Canada's

Prairie West. Montreal: MeGill-Queen's University Press, 1997. Chaat Smith, Paul and Robert Allen, Warrior, Like a Hurricane: The Indian

Movement from Alcatraz to Wounded Knee. New York: New Press, 1996. Churchill, Ward, Indians Are Us: Culture and Genocide in Native North America.

Toronto: Between the Lines, 1994. Churchill, Ward, Struggle for the Land: Indigenous Resistance to Genocide, Ecocide and

Expropriation in Contemporary America. Toronto: Between the Lines, 1992. Cipriani, Lidio, TheAndamanislanders. NewYork: Praeger, 1966. Coates, Ken and Robin Fisher, eds., Out of the Background: Readings on Canadian

Native History. Toronto: Copp Clark Pitman, 1988. Coates, Ken and John Taylor, Indigenous Peoples in Remote Regions. Thunder Bay:

Centre for Northern Studies, 1995. Cocker, Mark, Rivers of Blood, Rivers of Gold: Europe's Conquest of Indigenous Peoples.

New York: Grove, 1998. Colchester, Marcus, and Christian Erni, eds., Indigenous Peoples and Protected Areas

in South and Southeast Asia. Copenhagen: IWGIA, 1999. Comaroff, John and Jean Comaroff, Ethnography and the Historical Imagination.

Boulder: Westview, 1992. Cook, Noble, David, Born to Die: Disease and New World Conquest, 1492-I650.

Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1998. Cove, John, What the Bones Say: Tasmanian Aborigines, Science and Domination.

Ottawa: Carleton University Press, 1995. Crosby, Alfred, The Columbian Exchange: Biological and Cultural Consequences of

I492. Westport: Greenwood, 1972. Davis, S., Vutims of the Miracle: Development and the Indians of Brazil. Cambridge:

Cambridge University Press, 1977.

288 Selected Bibliography

Diamond, Jared, Guns, Germs and Steel: the Fates of Human Societies. New York: W.W. Norton, 1999.

Dickason, Olive, The Myth of the Savage and the Beginnings of French Colonialism in the Americas. Edmonton: University of Alberta Press, 1984.

Engstrand, Iris W. ed., Noticias De Nutka: an Account Of Nootka Sound In 1792 I by Jose Mariano Moziiio. Seattle: University of Washington Press; Vancouver: Douglas & Mcintyre, 1991.

Etter, Carl, Ainu Folklore: Traditions and Culture of the liznishing Aborigines of Japan Toronto: Wilcox and Follett, 1949.

Early, John, and John Peters, The Xilixana Yanomami of the Amazon. Gainsville: University Press of Florida, 2000.

Fagan, Brian, The Great journey: the Peopling of Ancient America. London: Thames and Hudson, 1987.

Ferguson, Brian, Yanomami Waifare: a Political History. Santa Fe: School of American Research Press, 1995.

Fermindez-Armesto, Felipe, The Americas: a Hemispheric History. New York: Modern Library, 2003.

Fladmark, Knud, "Routes: Alternative Migration Corridors for Early Man in North America," American Antiquity, vol. 44, no. I (1979), 55-69.

Flannery, Tim, The Eternal Frontier: an Ecological History of North America and Its Peoples. New York: Atlantic Monthly Press, 2001.

Flannery, Tim, The Future Eaters: an Ecological History of the Australasian Lands and People. Chatswood: Reed, 1994. Forsyth, James, A History of the Peoples of Siberia: Russia's North Asian Colony,

1581-1990. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1994. Goehring, Brian, Indigenous Peoples of the World: an Introduction to Their Past,

Present and Future. Saskatoon: Purich, 1993. Golovnev, Andrei and Gail Osherenko, Siberian Survival: the Nenets and Their

Story. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 1999. Goodall, Heather, Invasion Embassy: Land in Aboriginal Politics in New South Wales,

1770-1972. Sydney: Allen & Unwin, 1996. Hall, Anthony, The American Empire and the Fourth World. Montreal: MeGill­

Queen's University Press, 2003. Harvey, Graham, ed., Indigenous Religions: a Companion. London: Cassell, 2000. Hemming, John, Red Gold: the Conquest of the Brazilian Indians. Cambridge, MA:

Harvard University Press, 1978. Hochschild, Adam, King Leopold's Ghost: a Story of Greed, Terror; and Heroism in

Colonial Africa. Boston: Houghton Miffiin, 1998. Howe, Kerry R., The Quest for Origins: Who First Discovered and Settled New Zealand

and the Pacific Islands. Auckland: Penguin, 2003. Howe, Kerry, Where the Waves Fall. Honolulu: University of Hawai'i Press, 1984. Hughes, Robert, The Fatal Shore: a History of the Transportation of Convicts to

Australia, 1787-1868. London: Collins Harvill, 1987. Iverson, Peter, "We Are Still Here": American Indians in the Twentieth Century.

Wheeling: Harlan Davidson, 1999. japan's Minorities: Burakumin, Koreans, Aino Okinawans. London: Minority Rights

Group, 1983.

Selected Bibliography 289

Jennings, Francis, The Founders of America: From the Earliest Migrations to the Present. New York: W.W. Norton, 1994.

Jennings, Francis, The Invasion of America: Indians, Colonialism and the Cant of Conquest. New York: W.W. Norton, 1976.

Jull, Peter, The Politics of Northern Frontiers: In Australia, Canada and Other First World Countries. Darwin: North Australia Research Unit, 1991.

July, Robert, A History of the African People. Prospect Heights: Waveland, 1998. Kame'eleihiwa, Lilikala, Native Land and Foreign Desires. Honolulu: Bishop

Museum Press, 1992. Kaul, H.K., Travellers' India: an Anthology. Delhi: Oxford University Press, 1979. Kay, Charles, and Randy Simmons, eds., Wilderness and RJlitical Ecology: Aboriginal

Influences and the Original State of Nature. Salt lake City: University of Utah Press, 2002.

Kehoe, Alice Beck, The Ghost Dance: Ethnohistory and Revitaliwtion. New York: Holt, Rinehart & Winston, 1989.

Las Casas, Bartolome de, The Devastation of the Indies: a Brief Account I Bartolome De Las Casas, trans. Herma Briffault. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1992.

Lee, Richard, and Richard Daly, eds., The Cambridge Encyclopedia of Hunters and Gatherers. New York: Cambridge University Press, 1999.

Leonard, !riving, Colonial Travelers in Latin America. New York: Knopf, 1972. Lewis, Norman, The Missionaries: God Against the Indians. London: Arrow

Books, 1998. McFarlane, Peter, Brotherhood to Nationhood: George Manuel and the Making of the

Modem Indian Movement. Toronto: Between the Lines, 1993. McNeill, W.H., Plagues and Peoples. Garden City: Anchor Books, 1976. Miller, J .R., Skyscrapers Hide the Heavens: A History of Indian-White Relations in

Canada. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 2000. Monbiot, George, Poisoned Arrows: an Investigation in the Last Place in the Tropics.

Suffolk: Abacus, 1989. Moody, R. ed., The Indigenous VOices, 2 vols. London: Zed Books, 1988. Neill, Stephen, A History of Christian Missions. London: Penguin, 1986. Nettle, Daniel, and Suzanne Romaine, lfrnishing VOices: the Extinction of the World's

Languages. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2000. Pape,John, "Black and White: the 'Perils of Sex' in Colonial Zimbabwe," journal

of Southern Africa Studies, vol. 16, no. 4 (December 1990). Parry, John and Robert Keith, eds., New Iberian World. London: Times

Books, 1984 . Perry, Richard, From Time Immemorial: Indigenous Peoples and State Systems. Austin:

University of Texas Press, 1996. Poston, Larry, Islamic Da'wah in the 1%st: Muslim Missionary Activity and the

Dynamics of Conversion to Islam. New York: Oxford University Press, 1992. Reynolds, Henry, Aboriginal Sovereignty: Three Nations, One Australia. Sydney:

Allen & Unwin, 1996. Reynolds, Henry, The Other Side of the Frontier. Harmondsworth: Penguin, 1982. Sahlins, Marshall, How "Natives" Think: About Captain Cook, For Example. Chicago:

University of Chicago Press, 1995.

290 Selected Bibliography

Sale, Kirkpatrick, The Conquest of Paradise: Christopher Columbus and the Columbian Legacy. New York: Penguin, 1990.

Salmond, Anne, Between Worlds: Early Exchanges Between Maori and Europeans, 1773-1815. Honolulu: University ofHawai'i Press, 1997.

Salmond, Anne, Two Worlds: First Meetings Between Maori and Europeans, 1642-1772. Honolulu: University ofHawai'i Press, 1991.

Samson, Jane, Imperial Benevolence: Making British Authority in the Pacific Islands Honolulu: University of Hawai'i Press, 1998.

Sandall, Roger, The Culture Cult: Designer Tribalism and Other Essays. Boulder: Westview, 2001.

Sashag(Jn, Bernardino de, Conquest of New Spain (1585 Revision), trans. Howard Cline (Salt Lake City: University of Utah Press, 1989.

Sayer, John William, Ghost Dancing the Law: the Wounded Knee Trials. London: Harvard University Press, 1997.

Shinichiro, T. "The Ainu of Northern Japan: a Study in Conquest and Acculturation," Transactions of the American Philosophical Society, New Series, vol. 50, part 4 (1960).

Smith, Paul C. and Robert Allen, Warrior, Like a Hurricane: the Indian Movement from Alcatraz to Wounded Knee. New York: New Press, 1996.

Sponsel, Leslie, Endangered Peoples of Southeast and East Asia: Struggles to Survive: Westport: Greenwood, 2000.

Thornberry, Patrick, Indigenous Peoples and Human Rights. Manchester: Manchester University Press, 2002.

Thornton, Russell, American Indian Holocaust and Survival: a Population History Since 1492. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press.

Tickner, Robert, Taking a Stand: Land Rights to Reconciliation. Sydney: Allen & Unwin, 2001.

Tierney, Patrick, Darkness in ElDorado: How Scientists and journalists Devastated the Amazon. New York: W.W. North, 2001.

Todorov, Tzvetan, The Conquest of America. New York: Harper & Row, 1982. Tuhiwai, Linda, Decolonizing Methodologies: Research and Indigenous Peoples.

London: Zed Books, 1999. Valkeapaa, Nils-Aslak, Greetings from Lappland: the Sami- Europe's Forgotten People.

London: Zed Books, 1978. Weatherford, Jack, Indian Givers: How the Indians of the Americas Transformed the

World. New York: Crown, 1988. Wilson, James, The Earth Shall ~ep: a History of Native America. New York:

Atlantic Monthly Press, 1998. Windschuttle, Keith, The Fabrication of Aboriginal History. Sydney: Macleay, 2002. Wolf, Eric, Europe and the People Without History. Berkeley: University of California

Press, 1997. Wright, Ronald, Stolen Continents: the "New World" Through Indian Eyes Since 1492.

Toronto: Viking, 1991.

INDEX

!Kung 3 Abernethy, David 138, 139, 277 Aboriginal Land Rights (Northern

Territory) Act 262 Aboriginal PrOtection Society 116 Aboriginal and Torres Straight Islander

Commission 184 Aborigines 59-60 Ache 60, 131, 168, 224 Adimjati 4 Adivasi 4, 243 Adobe\\alls 128 affiuent society, original 45-6 Africa, division of 194 Agta 58-9, 95, 228, Ainu 2, 15,26,61,99, 106,107,141,

169, 182, 187, 256 Ainu Association of Hokkaido 278 Ainu Shinpo 256, 278 Aka 56-7 Akuriyo 113, 131 Alaska 35 Alaska Native Claims Settlement

Act 216,249 Alexander the Great 44 Algonkin 157 Allende 3 Alta-Kautokeino Dam 213 Alyeska Pipeline 213 American Board of Commissioners for

Foreign Missions 148 American Indian Movement (AIM)

230-1, 244, 262 American Museum of Natural

History 30 American Revolution 176

Amherst, jeffrey, 1st Baron 131 Andaman Islands 58, 95, 113 Aotearoa see New Zealand Apache 101 Araucania 3 Arhuaco 242 Arnhem Land 185, 186 Asian Development Bank 204 Association of Small Peoples of the

North 242, 246 Augustinian Order 14 7 Australia

half-castes, 195 High Court, 50 human remains, 31 Northern Territory 19, 183 Prime Minister John Howard 184 referendum on Aboriginal

rights 183 settlement of 34 World War II 207 see also Aborigines

Aztec 3, 44

Baber, Zaheer 276 Baha'i 169 Bakun hydro-electric project 213 Bangladesh 10, 186 Barrios 4 Bastion Point 240 Bate! 95 Battle of Little Big Horn 178 Batwa Pygmies 227 Bedouin 185 Bennelong 81 Beothuk 105, 113, 116, 135

291

292

Berger, Justice Thomas 241 Bering land bridge 35 Bering Strait 217 Berlin 194 Bhils 5 Bible 28, 29, 150 Bihar conflict 179 Bilgrami, Akeel 276-7 Bison, destruction of 127-8 Black Death 74 Black Elk 164 Black Hills 177 Black Power movement 238 Black Robe 273 Blackfoot 9, 53 Boas, Franz 16-17 Bodley, John 18, 46, 116, 134, 276 Boers 1, 9 Boldt decision 257 Bose, Tapan 8-9 Botswana 3, 142 Brazil 166 Bringing Them Home (Australian

government report) 195 British East India Company 180 British South Africa Company 154 Buddhism 144 Bureau of Indian Affairs 183 Bureau of Non-Christian

Tribes 183 Burger, Julian 5, 13 Burke, Robert 86 Bushmen 56

Cabot, Sebastian 79 Cabral, Pedro Alvares 74 Caesar, Julius 44 Cahokia 44 Cape York 60, 159 Carij6 79 Carvajal, Gaspar de 76 Casco Bay Treaty 1 77 Chauvet Pont D'Arc, cave paintings

in 43 Chernobyl 142, 223 Cherokee 185 Chesapeake 84 Cheyenne 101

Index

Chile 3 Chimalpahin 1 08 China 3, 184 Chittagong 224 Chittagong Hill people 22, 48, 55,

215, 221 Chittagong Hill Tracts Regulation of

1900 186 Christianity 28

European expansion and 69-70 Chukchi 61-2, 187, 228 Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day

Saints (Mormons) 168 Church Missionary Society 148, 155 Coast Salish 9 Cobo,Jose Martinez 252 Collier,John 186 Colombian Asociacion National de

Usuaerios Campesinos 167-8 Columbia River 30 Columbian Exchange 123 Columbus, Christopher 65, 73, 79 Comanche 101, 128 Commission on Human Rights 7 Commission on Prevention of

Discrimination and Protection of Minorities 252

Conference on Indigenous Peoples of the Americas 252

Coniston Station 103 Consejo Indio Sud America 246 Cook Islands 38 Cook, Captain James 83, 86 Cooper, James Fenimore, The Last of the

Mohicans 20 Coronation Hill Gold Mine 271 Cortez, H. 75, 82, 97, 99, 130 Council for Yukon First Nations 249 Covenant Chain 174 Crazy Horse l 0 I Creation, aboriginal stories

about 25 Cree 9, 216 Crosby, Alfred 123, 129 Cuiva 164 Cultural Survival International 248 The Culture Cult (Sandall) 118 Custer, George Armstrong lO I

Index 293

Danvin, Charles 29 Dawes Act, 1887 186 Decade of the World's Indigenous

Peoples, United Nations 251 Declaration on Human Rights, United

Nations 232 Declaration of the Rights of Indigenous

Peoples 245 Decolonization movement 233-5 Delgamuukw case 257 Demarcation Bull 146 Denesee Tii-Cho Dene Department of Indian Affairs 183 Department of Native (Maori)

Affairs 240 Department of Orang Asli (Aboriginal

Affairs) 183 Diaz, Bernal 7 5 Distant Early Warning Line 217 DNA research 29 Dobyns, Henry 132, 134 Dogrib see Tli-Cho Dene Dominican Order 146, 147 Draft Declaration on the Rights of

Indigenous Peoples 7, 253-7 Dreamtime, Aborigines 26 Duncan, William 156 Dutch East Indian Company 180

Easter Island 38 Ellesmere Island 37 Erasmus 78 Eskimo 52

Fanon, Franz 243 Fern<indez-Armesto, Felipe 126 Fiji 5 Fladmark, K.R. 36 Flanagan, Thomas 277 Foz de Iquazu 39 Franciscan Order 146

Geronimo 10 1 Gibson, Alfred 86 Gitxsan-Wetsuwit'en 257 Gondas 5 Gould, Stephen jay 279 Grand Council of the Crees 216

Grand Couteau, Battle of 111 Grant, John Webster 160 Great Andamanese 5 Great Exhibition of London,

1851 81, 199 Greenland .30, 37 Green peace 24 7 Guarasug'we 228 Guatemala 4 Guevara, Che 243

Haida 51-2 Haines, Francis 128 Handsome Lake 164 Herriot, Thomas 130, 147 Hawaiian Evangelical Association 148 High Court, Australian 50 Hindmarsh Island 271 Hobbes, Thomas ·151 Hobson, Captain William 174 Hokkaido 2 Hokkaido Aborigine Protection Act

(Kyu-Dojin) 182, 183, 198 Hokkaido Ainu Association 256 Hone Heke 178 Hopi 27 Howard, John, Australian prime

minister 184 Howe, Kerry, The Quest for Origins 32 Huaorani 169 Hudson's Bay Company 87, ll5, 180 Hughes, Robert 84 human remains, Australia 31 Human Rights, Declaration on 232 Huron 9, 160 Hutton, Dr.J.H. 180 Hutu 3

Iasak (tribute) 107 ILO Convention 107, 235-6, 252 Ilongots 19 Inca 3,44 India 4, 5, 9, 179 Indian Act 186 Indian Civil SeiVice 180 Indian Reorganization Act 186 Indian Treaty Association 246 indigenous, definition of 13

294 Index

Innu 54,258,259 intermarriage 108-1 0 International Labour Organization

235, 251 International Non-Governmental

Organization 252 International Whaling Commission 247 International Work Group for

Indigenous Affairs 2, 11, 12, 248,259

Inuit 10, 19, 52, 155, 159, 185 Inuit Circumpolar Conference 246 Inuit Tapirisat 249 Inupiat 240 Inuvialuit, treaty with 249 IrianJia 123 Iroquois 9, 27, 174 Iroquois Confederacy 53-4 Irwin, Geoffrey 38 Isandhlwana, battle of 102 Islam 144

missionary efforts of 151-2 Iukagir 131

Jackson, Andrew, US president 185 Jacobs, Wilbur 63, 129 Jahai 59 James Bay Agreement 249 Japan 149

archeological discoveries in 31 Jarawa 58,95,113 Jennings, Francis 100 Jesuit Order 146, 147, 148, 154,

156, 164 Joseph, Chief of the Nez Perce I 04 Jul'hoansi 227

Kalahari 19 Kalimantan 59 Kamchatka 148 Kane, Herbert 147 Kashmiri Pundits 9 Kennewick man 30, 31 Kenya 178 Keynesian economics 212 King Philip's War 100 Kiowa 101 Kohanga Reo 240

Koran 150 Kosyamain 99 Kunasiri-Menasi 99 Kwakuitl 9

Lacaux, cave paintings in 43 Lakota Sioux 164 Land March (Hokoi) 240 Land Rights Act 250 land

culture and 4 7 indigenous ownership and

use 50-1 language, land and 4 7 Las Casas, Bartolome de, 95, I72 The Last of the Mohicans (Cooper) 20 LeClerc, C. 85 League of Nations 194 Leakey, Richard 30 Leichhardt, Ludwig 86 Leopold, King of the Belgians 97 Lewis, Norman I68, 258 linguistic research 29 Little Big Horn, battle of 101 Little Turtle I 00 Locke 78 London Missionary Society 14 7

Mabeta, Gabriel II 0 Mabo, Eddie 257 Macuxi 2I3 Maduru Oya National Park I84 Magellan, Ferdinand 71, 73 Makah Indians 24 7 Makuxi, Gilberta 280 Mali 227 Manhattan, treaty for 174 Manuel, Chief George 244 Maori 15, 23, 38, 40, 54-5, 83, I54,

155, 159, 160, 178, I83, 192, 239-40

Maori Land Courts 186 Maori wars I01-2 Mapuche 3, 4, I 0 I Marco Polo 70, 73 Markham, Edward II 0 Marquesas Islands 38 Marragansett 127

Index 295

Martin, Paul 122 Martinez Cobo, Jose 6 Matsumae, Lord 107 Mayan 3, 4, 5, 44 Mcintyre, Donald 77 Mead, Margaret 118 Melanesia 37 Metis 10, 102, 111, 183 Metis Rebellion, 1885 1 02 Metlakatla 156, 185 Metoac 174 Miantonomo 127 Minik 30,85 Minuit, Peter 174 Miskito Indians 185, 220, 260 Mohawk 19, 22, 53-4, 227 Mongolia 3 Mongols 44, 67,68 Monogenesis 30 Montaigne 78 Monte Verde, Chile 36 Montezuma 82 Moon of wintertime hypothesis 160 More, Thomas 78 Morgan, Edmund S. 84 Morgan, Louis Henry 16 Moutoa Gardens 240 Moziiio,Jose 76-7 Mughals 149 Multi-national corporations 204

Nahiti 81 National Indian Foundation 183 Native American Graves Protection and

Repatriation Act 31 Native Lands Act 186 Navajo 22, 185---ti, 250 Ndebele 154 Nenets 113, 148 New Zealand 15, 38, 45 Nez Fen:e 101 Nga Tamatoa 240 Nganasan 62-3 Nia 62-3, 131 Nicaragua 185 Nisga'a 264 Nishnawabe-Aski 239 Nootka Sound 77

North America, aboriginal settlement of 35,36

North Atlantic Treaty Organization 258

North West Mounted Police 187 Northern Territory (Australia) 19, 183 Norton, John 27 Nunavut 249, 250, 266

Oka blockade 227 Okavango Delta hydro-electric

project 213 Okiek 57 Okou-Ulah 80 Once Were Warriors, New Zealand

movie 273 One Nation Party 272 Onirositsah 175 Orang Asli 220 Orellana, Francisco 76 Orkney Islanders 1 Otavalos 224

Pacific Islands 196 Papua New Guinea 1, 10 Paraone 81 pass laws 193 Feary, Robert 30 Feltier, Leonard 230 Fenan 59,241 Fentecostal Church 168 Fequot War, 1 00 Philippines 2, 19 Pietist movement 147 pilgrims 14 7 Pine Ridge Reservation 230 Poelzer, Greg 201-2 Polanyi, Karl 118 Polynesia 38 Pontiac's Rebellion 100 Pope Alexander VI 146 population loss, disease and 134-5 Porto Seguro 79 Potlatch, suppression of 191, 194 Pueblo cultures 44, 131 Puelche 102 Purari 213 Puritans 155

296 Index

Pygmies see Aka

Queco, Cacique 17 4 The Quest for Origins (Howe) 32

Rabbit Proof Fence, Australian movie 273

Rancangan Pengumpulan Semula 220 Raposa/Serra do Sol 279-80 Red Tents (Russia) I90, 208 referendum on Aboriginal rights,

Australian 183 Remote Area Development Program

260-I Ricci, Matteo 147 Roanoke Island 130 Roraima 280 Rousseau, J. 77 Royal Canadian Mounted Police I87 Royal Proclamation of I763 176 Russia, World w.rr II 207 Russian America Company 180 Russian north 183 Russian Orthodox Church 148 Rwanda 3

Sagard-Theodat, Father Gabriel 87 Sahaglin, Bernardino de 130 Sahlins, Marshall 45-6 Said, Edward 9I Sale, K. 122 Samoa 38 Samson,Jane I96 San 19 Sand Creek, massacre at 101 Sandall, Roger, The Culture Cult Il8 Sandinista revolution 220 Santhal Revolt 179 Sarawak, Malaysia 10, 123 Sardari conflict I 79 Sasamura, Jiro 278 Sauguaaru, Loron 177 Savage, John 81 Scandinavia 15 Sealord Corporation 250 Seminoles I 00 Seneca 157, 164 Seven Years War 176

Shakespeare, William 78 Shizunai 26 Shoshone I84 Siberia 37 Sinhala, India 57 Siofele, Joseph 31 Sioux 177-8, 230 Sitting Bull, Sioux chief 101,

177-8, I92 slave trade, African 96-8 smallpox 130-1 Society for the Propagation of the

Gospel in Foreign Parts 155 Society for Threatened Peoples 248 songlines, Aborigines and 51 Soriano 131 Spinoza 78 Sri Lanka 184, 225 St. Thomas 145 Sting 248 Straits of Malacca 34 Sub-Commission on Prevention of

Discrimination and Protection of Minority Rights 252

Summer Institute of Linguistics 167-8, 169

SunDance 191,194 Survival International 2, 10, II, I2,

248,258,259 South West Mrica Peoples' Organization

(SWAPO) 228 Syaksyain 99

Tahiti 38 Tainui I9 Taksami, Chuner 242 Tamandua Dam 213 Tamati Waka Neke 174 Taos 265 TaranakiWars 102 Tasady 2 Tawantinsuyu (Four Directions) 44 Tawiskaron 27 Te Kooti I78 Te Mahanga 81 Te Rangitake I 02 Te Taniwha 83 Tecumseh I 00

Index 297

Teharonghyawago 27 Tehuelche I 02 Temenggor Dam 213 Tenochtitlan 66 Tent City (Canberra) 241 terra nullius, doctrine of 50, 138 Thailand 19 Thornton, Russell 132, 134 Thule 37,52 Tibet 145 Tierra del Fuego 135, 217 Timucuan 131 Tiwi 60 Tli-Cho Dene 17 5, 177 Toba 102 Tobol'sk 148 Tonga 38 Trail of Broken Treaties Caravan 241 Trail ofTears 185 treaties, Canadian 177 Treaty of Laramie 154, 174, 177, 178,

240,250,266,272 Trudel,John 262 Tsimshian 185 Tuareg 227 Tumohe 81 Tupinikin Indians 79 Tutsi 3 Two Row wampum 174 Tylor, Edward 16

UN Working Group on Indigenous Populations 252

UNESCO 7 Union of Soviet Socialist Republics

170,218 United Nations 5, 12, 231-3, 242, 243,

245, 251-7 United Nations Commission on Human

Rights 184 United Nations Human Rights

Centre 252 United Nations Working Group on the

Rights oflndigenous Peoples l, 8 United Tribes ofPalawan 246 Upton, L.F.S. 116

Ursuline Order 14 7

Vanavasi 5 Yedda 57-8,225 Vespucci, Amerigo 75 Victims of Progress 18, 276 Victoria, Franciscus de 1 70 Vieira, Antonio 166 Vikings 40, 122 Vincentian Order 14 7

Wimalancet 156 W.mniyala-aetto 184 Wapixana 213 Warlpiri I 03 wave Hill 240 Whale Rider, New Zealand movie 273 Wild West shows 192 Williams, Henry 154 Wills, William 86 Windschuttle, Keith 277 Wintun 131 Wolf, Eric 279 Working Group oflndigenous

Minorities in Southern Mrica 246 World Bank 204 World Council of Indigenous

Peoples 244-6 World Court 251 World Rainforest Movement 246 World War II 206-12 World Wildlife Fund 58 Wounded Knee, battle of 101, 230

Xuequn, Long 184

Yaghan 135 Yanama 61, 155, 217 Yanornami 2, 19,52-3,84,135,216,

229,247 Yokut 131 Yukon River 39 Yupik 62-3

Zapatista movement 259 Zulu 102