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Notes on Chapter 1, Section 1
Living Things have 4 Characteristics. They are:
1. Organized
2. Grow and Develop
3. Respond to the environment
4. Reproduce
Chapter 1, Section 1 Note Cont.
Organisms made of a single cell are called
Unicellular. Organisms made up of many cells are
called Multicellular.
Scientists linked with the invention of the Microscope.
Robert Hooke – He looked at cork under a microscope and came up with the name cells.
Trivia: Robert Hooke’s microscope is on display at the National Museum of Health and Medicine in Washington, DC. Picture on pg. 12 in your book.
Anton van Leeuwenhoek – Did similar work. He saw unicellular organisms and called them “animalcules”.
Important!
1. To carry the microscope, put one hand on the arm and one hand on the base.
2. If you use the coarse adjustment knob with the 40X objective, you might break the slide.
3. When using the 40X objective, you should focus with the fine adjustment knob.
Cell Theory – A history Schleiden, Schwann,
and Virchow were the 3 scientist that came up with the cell theory.
A scientific theory is a widely accepted explanation of things observed in nature.
Cell Theory All living things are composed of
cells. Cells are the basic units of
structure and function in living things.
New cells are produced from existing cells.
An organelle is a small specialized structure that has a specific function in the cell. Many, but not all, are surrounded by membranes.
Cell Organelles
Cell Membrane –
A protective covering that encloses the entire cell, like skin.
Cytoplasm –
Gelatin-like material that fills the cell.
Animal Cell
Cell Organelles
Cell Wall – a tough outer covering, mainly found in plant cells.
Nucleus – the control center of the cell.
Ribosomes – tiny organelles that make proteins.
Plant Cell
Cell Organelles
Chloroplasts – organelle in plants that converts sunlight into sugar.
Mitochondria – organelles that get energy from food. The “Power House” of the cell.
Plant Cell
Animal Cell
Cell Organelles
Endoplasmic Reticulum – makes parts of the cell membrane.
Golgi Apparatus – makes and packages materials that the cell needs.
Cell Organelles
Vacuoles – the “storage room” of the cell. It stores water, sugar, wastes and other materials for the cell.
Plant Cell
Cell Organelles
Lysosomes – contain chemicals that break down materials and old cell parts.
Animal Cell
Cell #1 – Animal CellCell #2 – Plant Cell
A. Cytoplasm
B. Chloroplast
C. Nucleus
D. Endoplasmic Reticulum
E. Ribosomes
F. Golgi Apparatus
G. Vacuole
H. Lysosome
I. Cell Membrane
J. Mitochondria
K. Cell Wall
Grading Homework If the answer in the blank is incorrect, FIX IT
(erase and write correct answer or, if it is in pen, cross out and write correct answer above or beside it.
If the answer is blank, write the correct answer in.
Take away 1 point for every blank that is incorrect or blank (no answer).
Read through Chapter 1
1. Organization, develop, grow, respond, environment, reproduce
2. Energy, Materials, Living Space
3. Microscope
4. Robert Hooke
5. Living things, one, cells, cells, functions, life, cells, living cells
6. Eukaryotic
7. Prokaryotic
8. Unicellular
9. Multicellular
10. Plants, Protists, Animals, Fungi
Read through Chapter 111. Bacteria, Archaea
12. Organelle
13. Cell Membrane
14. Cytoplasm
15. Nucleus
16. Golgi Apparatus
17. Vacuole
18. Lysosome
19. Mitochondrion
20. Chloroplast
21. Cell Wall
22. Ribosomes
23. Endoplasmic Reticulum
Bonus 24 – triangle, circle, square (+1)
25 – special cell with specific job
26 – easier to study/look at
Grading Homework Count up the “minus-1”s. Subtract that number from 100. Write the grade at the top of the paper and
circle it. 90 – 100 A 80 – 89 B 70 – 79 C 60 – 69 D Less than 60 F
1. Control center
2. Storage Room
3. “Power House”
4. Breaks down old cell parts
5. Gelatin-like material that fills cells
6. Tiny organelles that make proteins
7. Makes sugar from sunlight
8. Makes parts of the cell membrane
9. Tough outer covering of plant cells
10. Boundary of all cells, like skin
11. Packages materials for the cell
A. Cell Membrane
B. Cytoplasm
C. Nucleus
D. Lysosomes
E. Endoplasmic Reticulum
F. Ribosomes
G. Vacuole
H. Cell Wall
I. Golgi Apparatus
J. Mitochondrion
K. Chloroplast
Practice Quiz
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
F.
G.
H.
I.
J.
K.
Chapter 1, Section 3 Notes
Prokaryotic Cells – simple cells made of only a cell membrane, cytoplasm and free floating genetic material. Example: bacteria
Plants and Animals have Eukaryotic Cells
Eukaryotic Cell – DNA is separated from the rest of the cytoplasm in a nucleus. Eukaryotic cells have organelles.
Cells in multicellular organisms specialize.
All multicellular organisms begin life as a single fertilized egg cell. As cells divide, they specialize to perform specific jobs.
The more specialization there is, the more complex the organism is.
A multicellular organism is a community of cells.
Similar cells group together to form tissues. Tissues act together to form organs. Organs and tissues act together in organ
systems. And organ systems build an organism.
Cell Factory Get out a sheet of
paper. List the following
jobs you may find in a factory (from the next slide).
Compare each job to an organelle in the cell that does a similar job.
1. Shipping and Receiving
2. Factory Floor
3. CEO (Chief Executive Officer)
4. Custodians (Janitors)
5. Assembly Line
6. Assembly Line Workers
7. Warehouse
8. Support Structure
9. Packaging
10. Fuel-driven Power Plant
11. Solar Power Plant
1. Cell Membrane
2. Cytoplasm
3. Nucleus
4. Lysosomes
5. Endoplasmic Reticulum
6. Ribosomes
7. Vacuole
8. Cell Wall
9. Golgi Apparatus
10. Mitochondrion
11. Chloroplast
Cell Factory