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Notes from Chapter 5Notes from Chapter 5
PsychologyPsychology
MeditationMeditation
Method people use to try to narrow Method people use to try to narrow their consciousness so that the their consciousness so that the stresses of the outside world fade stresses of the outside world fade away.away.
MeditationMeditation
Part of some Part of some religious rituals religious rituals
Helps people relaxHelps people relax Helps lower Blood Helps lower Blood
Pressure rate, Pressure rate, heart rate, and heart rate, and respiration raterespiration rate
BiofeedbackBiofeedback
System that System that provides, or provides, or “feedsback”, “feedsback”, information information about about something something happening in happening in the body.the body.
BiofeedbackBiofeedback People can control body functions People can control body functions
(i.e. heart rate)(i.e. heart rate) Produce alpha waves (relaxed) to Produce alpha waves (relaxed) to
cope with tensioncope with tension People have learned to treat tension People have learned to treat tension
headaches, lower heart rate, and headaches, lower heart rate, and blood pressure. blood pressure.
HypnosisHypnosis Altered State of Altered State of
consciousness consciousness during which during which people respond people respond to suggestions to suggestions and behave as and behave as though they though they are in a trance.are in a trance.
HypnosisHypnosis
Some psychologists wonder whether Some psychologists wonder whether hypnosis truly is an altered state of hypnosis truly is an altered state of consciousness for the following reasons:consciousness for the following reasons: Some of the same effects achieved by Some of the same effects achieved by
hypnosis can also occur without hypnosis.hypnosis can also occur without hypnosis. Brain wave patterns (EEG) show the same Brain wave patterns (EEG) show the same
pattern as people who are awake. pattern as people who are awake.
Franz Mesmer….Franz Mesmer….
Coined the phrase, “Mezmerize” in the 1700’s by using Magnets to cure His patients of unwanted aliments.
Hypnotism today….Hypnotism today….
Can be used as an Can be used as an anesthetic, in surgery.anesthetic, in surgery.
Used to reduce anxiety, Used to reduce anxiety, manage pain, or overcome manage pain, or overcome fear. fear.
Drugs and ConsciousnessDrugs and Consciousness
AddictionAddiction
In reference to drugs, an addiction In reference to drugs, an addiction means that after a person takes that means that after a person takes that drug for a while, his/her body craves drug for a while, his/her body craves it just to feel normal. it just to feel normal.
Alcohol, Nicotine, and other drugs Alcohol, Nicotine, and other drugs are addictive.are addictive.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QYlwSepW7Bs
DrugsDrugs Distort Distort
people’s people’s perceptions, perceptions, change their change their moods, or moods, or cause them to cause them to see or hear see or hear things that are things that are not real.not real.
DepressantsDepressants
Slows the activity of the nervous Slows the activity of the nervous systemsystem
Alcohol Alcohol Small amounts may have little effect or Small amounts may have little effect or
may be relaxingmay be relaxing Large quantities- Lethal, or put people Large quantities- Lethal, or put people
to sleep.to sleep. IntoxicationIntoxication- Drunkenness. Slurring of - Drunkenness. Slurring of
speech, blurred vision, clumsy, and speech, blurred vision, clumsy, and difficult to concentrate. People may not difficult to concentrate. People may not realize they are intoxicated.realize they are intoxicated.
DepressantsDepressants Regular consumption Regular consumption
of alcohol can lead to of alcohol can lead to addiction. Withdrawal addiction. Withdrawal symptoms of an symptoms of an alcoholic are tension alcoholic are tension and trembling.and trembling.
DepressantsDepressants Narcotics-Narcotics- addictive depressants that addictive depressants that
have been used to relieve pain and have been used to relieve pain and induce sleep. (Many derived from opium induce sleep. (Many derived from opium plant)plant) MorphineMorphine- Civil war, Soldiers disease was - Civil war, Soldiers disease was
an addiction to Morphine.an addiction to Morphine. HeroinHeroin- “Heroic”; feelings of pleasure to - “Heroic”; feelings of pleasure to
deep depression. Impairs judgment/memory deep depression. Impairs judgment/memory causes drowsiness, can lead to loss of causes drowsiness, can lead to loss of consciousness, coma, and death.consciousness, coma, and death.
CodeineCodeine
DepressantsDepressants Withdrawal symptoms of Narcotics Withdrawal symptoms of Narcotics
are:are: TremorsTremors CrampsCramps ChillsChills Rapid HeartbeatRapid Heartbeat InsomniaInsomnia VomitingVomiting DiarrheaDiarrhea
StimulantsStimulants
Increase the activity of the nervous Increase the activity of the nervous system. Speed up the heart and system. Speed up the heart and breathing rate. Stimulants include:breathing rate. Stimulants include: NicotineNicotine AmphetaminesAmphetamines CocaineCocaine
StimulantsStimulants NicotineNicotine
Found in tobacco leavesFound in tobacco leaves Releases the hormone adrenalineReleases the hormone adrenaline Heart rate goes upHeart rate goes up Raises rate body changes food to Raises rate body changes food to
energyenergy Smokers don’t quit because of fear of Smokers don’t quit because of fear of
gaining weightgaining weight Addictive as heroinAddictive as heroin Associated with serious health risksAssociated with serious health risks
StimulantsStimulants Health risks for smokers:Health risks for smokers:
10 x likely to die of lung cancer10 x likely to die of lung cancer Heart diseaseHeart disease Respiratory diseasesRespiratory diseases Premature babiesPremature babies Second hand smoke for other non Second hand smoke for other non
smokerssmokers
StimulantsStimulants
AmphetaminesAmphetamines are known for are known for helping people stay awake and for helping people stay awake and for reducing appetite.reducing appetite. First used in WWII to help soldiers stay First used in WWII to help soldiers stay
awake during battle.awake during battle. ““Speed” “Uppers”- pleasure in high Speed” “Uppers”- pleasure in high
dosesdoses Given through pills and injectionsGiven through pills and injections
StimulantsStimulants
Amphetamines side effects:Amphetamines side effects: May stay awake for days/usually “crash” May stay awake for days/usually “crash”
after that high.after that high. High doses, insomnia, loss of appetite, High doses, insomnia, loss of appetite,
irritabilityirritability Can experience hallucinations. Can experience hallucinations. Can experience delusions.Can experience delusions.
StimulantsStimulants
HallucinationHallucination- a perception of a - a perception of a object or a sound that seems real, but object or a sound that seems real, but is not.is not.
For example, someone seeing For example, someone seeing thousands of bugs crawling on them.thousands of bugs crawling on them.
StimulantsStimulants Delusions-Delusions- false idea that seems false idea that seems
real.real. For example: thinking you can flyFor example: thinking you can fly..
StimulantsStimulants
CocaineCocaine-- From leaves of the cocoa plantFrom leaves of the cocoa plant Produces feelings of pleasure, reduces Produces feelings of pleasure, reduces
hunger, deadens pain, boosts self hunger, deadens pain, boosts self confidence.confidence.
Physically: Physically: Blood pressure increasesBlood pressure increases Oxygen supplies decreaseOxygen supplies decrease Speed up heart rateSpeed up heart rate
StimulantsStimulants
Cocaine is addictive and dangerous. Cocaine is addictive and dangerous. Freud first praised cocaine then Freud first praised cocaine then
realized addiction and the danger of realized addiction and the danger of the drug.the drug.
Crack is a form of cocaine. Crack is a form of cocaine. Overdoses and stronger form, but Overdoses and stronger form, but impure.impure.
Faces of MethFaces of Meth
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=g_NZuCXofHY
HallucinogensHallucinogens Drugs that produces hallucinations, Drugs that produces hallucinations,
that may cause relaxation or feelings that may cause relaxation or feelings of pleasure, could cause panic.of pleasure, could cause panic.
MarijuanaMarijuana- from the leaves of the - from the leaves of the cannabis sativa plantcannabis sativa plant Feelings of relaxation and mild Feelings of relaxation and mild
hallucinationshallucinations Hash comes from the sticky part of the Hash comes from the sticky part of the
plant. (stronger then marijuana) plant. (stronger then marijuana)
HallucinogensHallucinogens MarijuanaMarijuana-impairs -impairs
perception/coordination making it perception/coordination making it difficult to operate machines (cars).difficult to operate machines (cars).
Anxiety and confusionAnxiety and confusion Threat to people with high blood Threat to people with high blood
pressurepressure Effect on consciousness:Effect on consciousness:
Time is passing by slowlyTime is passing by slowly Increased bodily sensationsIncreased bodily sensations Visual hallucinations (fear of losing Visual hallucinations (fear of losing
yourselves)yourselves)
HallucinogensHallucinogens LSDLSD- Lysergic Acid Diethylamide- Lysergic Acid Diethylamide Nickname: “Acid” Nickname: “Acid”
Intense hallucinationsIntense hallucinations Sometimes makes the user believe they Sometimes makes the user believe they
have expanded their consciousness, have expanded their consciousness, believe they have achieved great believe they have achieved great insightsinsights
Effects are unpredictable: people injure Effects are unpredictable: people injure themselves and commit suicide. themselves and commit suicide.
Soldiers on LSDSoldiers on LSD
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CF8cjIlvgv0
HallucinogensHallucinogens Effects of LSD:Effects of LSD:
Memory lossMemory loss Violent outburstsViolent outbursts NightmaresNightmares Feelings of panicFeelings of panic FlashbacksFlashbacks
These are hallucinations that These are hallucinations that happen weeks, months, or happen weeks, months, or years after taking the drug.years after taking the drug.
Woodstock Trips…Woodstock Trips…
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GV0AAF17LsI
Treatments for Drug Treatments for Drug AbuseAbuse
DetoxificationDetoxification- removal of the - removal of the harmful substance from the body, harmful substance from the body, weaning addicts from the drug while weaning addicts from the drug while restoring their health.restoring their health.
Most commonly used with people Most commonly used with people addicted to alcohol and narcotics.addicted to alcohol and narcotics.
Treatments for Drug Treatments for Drug AbuseAbuse
Maintenance Programs-Maintenance Programs- (narcotics users)(narcotics users)
Given controlled and less Given controlled and less dangerous amounts of the dangerous amounts of the drug or some less drug or some less addictive substance. addictive substance.
Controversial because Controversial because users never become users never become completely drug free.completely drug free.
Treatments for Drug Treatments for Drug AbuseAbuse
CounselingCounseling- - individual or individual or group. group. Stimulant and Stimulant and depressant depressant abuseabuse
Treatments for Drug Treatments for Drug AbuseAbuse
Support groups-Support groups- several several people who share common people who share common experiences, concerns, or experiences, concerns, or problems. Emotional and moral problems. Emotional and moral support. support.
