NOTES FOR GUIDANCE · The Notes for Guidance content provides further subject material for the programme of learning on what areas within the assessment criteria must be covered in

NOTES FOR GUIDANCE

Level 2Diploma in Painting and Decorating

(DIP063)

Notes for guidance content provides the range of subject material for the programme of learning and specifies the skills, knowledge and

understanding required for achievement of the unit.

2

tanya.lawton

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NOCN_Cskills Awards King's Lynn Innovation Centre Innovation Drive King's Lynn Norfolk PE30 5BY

tanya.lawton

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tanya.lawton

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tanya.lawton

Typewritten Text

tanya.lawton

Typewritten Text

tanya.lawton

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Version 1.0 First published September 2014 © NOCN 2018

tanya.lawton

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tanya.lawton

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3

1 Introduction

2 Units:

CSA-L1Core01 Health, safety and welfare in construction and associated industries.

CSA-L1Core02 Knowledge of technical information, quantities and communication with others.

CSA-L1Core03 Knowledge of construction technology.

CSA-L1Occ12 Erect and dismantle access equipment and working platforms.

CSA-L2Occ47 Prepare surfaces for decoration.

CSA-L2Occ48 Apply paint systems by brush and roller.

CSA-L2Occ49 Apply standard papers to ceilings and walls.

CSA-L2Occ50 Produce specialist decorative finishes.

CSA-L2Occ51 Apply water-borne paint systems using high volume low pressure (HVLP) spray equipment.

3 Additional information

4 Glossary of Terms

4

5

17

19

22

27

42

52

60

76

87

88

Contents

4

Introduction

Introduction

This document contains all of the information required for the delivery of the level 1 and level 2 core units that support a number of Cskills Awards training qualifications.

The unit content identifies the breadth and knowledge, and understanding needed to design and deliver aprogramme of learning to achieve each of the learning outcomes and assessment criteria.

The learning outcomes set out what a learner is expected to know, understand or be able to do as the result of aprocess of learning.

The assessment criteria specify the standard a learner is expected to meet to demonstrate that a learning outcome, or set of learning outcomes, has been achieved.

The Notes for Guidance content provides further subject material for the programme of learning on what areas within the assessment criteria must becovered in the delivery of the unit.

Additional Information

This is informed by the underpinning knowledge and understanding requirements of the related NOS, where relevant.

Glossary of Terms

The Glossary of Terms lists the key words and terms used across the units.

5

1. Know the health andsafety regulations, rolesand responsibilities.

Identify key health and safety legislation relevant to and used in a construction environment.

State the key employer responsibilities under the Health and Safety at Work Act (HASAWA).

State the key employee responsibilities under the Health and Safety at Work Act (HASAWA).

State the roles and responsibilities of the Health and Safety Executive (HSE).

Legislation- Health and Safety at Work Act (HASAWA)- Reporting Injuries, Diseases and Dangerous Occurrences (RIDDOR)- Control of Substances Hazardous to Health (COSHH)- Control of asbestos at work regulations- Provision and Use of Work Equipment (PUWER)- manual handling- Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)- working at height.

Employer Responsibilities- safe working environment- adequate staff training- health and safety information- risk assessment- supervision- PPE.

Employee Responsibilities- working safely- working in partnership with the employer- reporting hazards, near misses and accidents correctly- wearing PPE- following organisational procedures.

Roles and Responsibilities- enforcement- legislation and advice- inspection.

Learning outcomesThe learner will:

Assessment criteriaThe learner can:

Notes for guidanceRange of subject material:

1.1

1.2

1.3

1.4

Unit content: CSA-L1Core01 Health, safety and welfare in construction and associated industries

6

Identify other sources of relevant health and safety information.

State when legislation would require the Health and Safety Executive (HSE) to be informed.

State why there is a requirement for enforcing stringent guidance in health and safety.

State the importance of holding on-site safety inductions and toolbox talks.

State how your behaviour and actions could affect others.

Sources- Health and Safety Executive (HSE) website- CITB-Construction Skills publications- British Standards Institute (BSI)- Royal Society for the Prevention of Accidents (ROSPA)- Royal Society for Public Health (RSPH)- British Safety Council- Institute of Occupational Safety and Health.

Reporting- deaths and injuries- occupational disease- dangerous occurrence: a collapse, explosion, fire or collision- gas accidents: any accidental leaks or other incident related to gas.

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1.5

1.6

1.7

1.8

1.9


7

2. Know the accident andemergency proceduresand how to report them.

State the major types of emergencies that could occur in the workplace.

State the key legislation used for reporting accidents.

State the different types of injuries, diseases and dangerous occurrences in the workplace.

State the main types of records used in the event of an accident or emergency.

State why it is important to report accidents and near misses.

Types of emergencies- fires- unexploded ordnance- flooding- security alerts- collapse- gas leaks- chemicals- falling from height.

Legislation- Reporting Injuries, Diseases and Dangerous Occurrences (RIDDOR).

Types- falls and trips- electrocution- burns- wail’s disease- vibration white finger.

Types of records- accident reporting documentation- first aid records- organisational records and documentation- relevant legislation.

Important- preventing future accidents- insurance obligations.




2.1

2.2

2.3

2.4

2.5


8

State the difference between major and minor injuries and the meaning of a near miss.

List the key accident trends within the United Kingdom construction industry.

State the effects that common types of accidents and injuries could have on the employer.

List the authorised personnel who could be involved in dealing with accident and emergency situations.

List the contents of a basic first aid kit.

State the actions to be taken on discovering an accident.

-

In reference to:- Health and Safety Executive (HSE)- Royal Society for the Prevention of Accidents (RoSPA).

Effects- poor company image- loss of production- insurance- closure of site.

Authorised personnel- first aiders/emergency responders- supervisors/managers- health and safety executive- emergency services- safety officer.

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Actions- area made safe- call for help (first aider)- emergency services- follow company procedures.




2.6

2.7

2.8

2.9

2.10

2.11


9

State the importance of good housekeeping.

State the purpose of risk assessments and method statements.

List the major types of hazards in the workplace.

State the importance and methods of reporting hazards.

State why hazards can be created by changing circumstances in the workplace.

Good housekeepingCleanliness, tidiness, use of skips and chutes, segregation of materials, clear access to fire escapes and fire extinguishers.ImportanceMinimising hazards, accidents and wastage.

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Types of hazard- fires- tripping- chemical spills- falls from height- burns- electrical- exposure to hazardous substances (asbestos or mould infestation)- plant and vehicles.

Importance and methods- prevent danger to others- prevent accidents/dangerous occurrences- hazard and accident books/near miss registers- site/company/workplace procedures.

Why- construction site developments- plant and vehicles- new intake of work personnel- periods of extreme weather e.g. flood, wind, heat and snow.




3.1

3.2

3.3

3.4

3.5


3. Know how to identifyhazards on constructionsites.

10

State the importance of the correct storage of combustibles and chemicals on site.

List the requirements for welfare facilities in a construction environment.

State the health effects of noise and the appropriate precautions that can be taken.

Identify the various substances hazardous to health and the appropriate precautions that need to be taken.

State the importance of personal hygiene.

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Requirements- toilets- washing facilities.

Health effects- tinnitus- deafnessPrecautions- personal protective equipment - isolation- reducing noise at source- exposure time.

Legislation- COSHH- asbestos regulations- explosives regulations.SubstancesLead paint, solvents, adhesives, cements, dust, contaminated soil or water, asbestos containing products/materials. PrecautionsPersonal protective equipment, respiratory equipment (RPE), isolation, exposure times.

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3.6

4.1

4.2

4.3

4.4


4. Know about health andhygiene in a constructionenvironment.

11

List possible consequences of health risks in the workplace.

State the procedures for safe lifting in accordance with guidance and legislation.

State the importance of using site safety equipment when handling and storing materials and equipment.

Identify the key legislation relating to the safe handling of materials and equipment.

Health risks- dermatitis, skin cancer- infection, eye damage- head injury, cuts- wail’s disease- burns- hearing damage- respiratory failure- lung damage, lung disease - asbestosis- Hand/Arm Vibration Syndrome (HAVS) or vibration white finger- death.

Procedures- manual handling techniques- mechanical lifting equipment/devices- team lifting.

Safety equipmentProvision of different types of safety equipment to minimise risk.

Legislation- HASAWA- manual handling- COSHH- asbestos regulations.




4.5

5.1

5.2

5.3


5. Know how to handleand store materials andequipment safely.

12

State the importance of correct storage of construction materials.

State the importance of waste control procedures in the workplace.

State the safe methods of use and appropriate parts of working platforms and access equipment.

Importance- minimising and dealing with spillages- maximising shelf life/stock rotation- ensuring safety to others when collecting resources from storage areas- manufacturers’ guidance/instructions- correct environment.

Waste control procedures- reuse- recycling- general waste- contractual obligations/environmental considerations.

Safe methods- ensuring any work at height is planned, so proper precautions are put in place- ensuring equipment to be used for working at heights is inspected and maintained prior to and during use.Taking into account:- ground conditions- adverse weather conditions- loading- manufacturers’ guidance and instructions.Types of working platforms and access equipment:- working platforms- step ladders, ladders, extension ladders- proprietary scaffolds (e.g. mobile tower scaffolds).




5.4

5.5

6.1


6. Know about basicworking platforms andaccess equipment.

13

State good practice methods in the use of working platforms and access equipment.

Identify the dangers of working at height when using basic working platforms and access equipment.

State the precautions to be taken to avoid risks to themselves and others when working with electricity.

State the dangers and effects of those dangers associated with the use of electricity.

Good practice methods, in relation to the use of:- working platforms- stepladders, ladders, extension ladders- proprietary scaffolding e.g. mobile tower scaffolds.Including:- moving- loading- storing materials on platforms.

Dangers in relation to:- general public- employees- head injuries- falling from height- materials and objects falling from height- proximity hazards- fragile roofs.

Precautions in relation to:- PAT testing- RCD devices- visually inspecting leads and cables prior to use- use of appropriate access equipment- use of portable power tools- use of tools and equipment.

Dangers- burns- electrocution- fire.




6.2

6.3

7.1

7.2


7. Know how to worksafely around electricityin a constructionenvironment.

14

State the different voltages that could be used in the workplace.

State why there is a need for cables to be colour coded.

State the requirements for workingsafely with equipment of differing electrical voltages.

State the methods and importance of storing electrical equipment correctly.

State the importance of and the different types of personal protective equipment (PPE) used in the workplace.

State the legislation governing personal protective equipment (PPE).

State why it is important to store and maintain personal protective equipment (PPE) correctly.

Voltages- battery powered- 110 volts- 230 volts- 415 volts.

In relation to:Live, neutral and earth colours.

Requirements:- use of protection devices e.g. RCD’s- only use other voltages above 110 volts if part of a safe system of work.

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PPEHead protection, eye protection, ear protection, face/dust masks, respiratory equipment, high visibility clothing, safety footwear, hand protection, sun protection, barrier cream, water proofs, knee pads, overalls/disposable clothing.

Legislation including:- Personal Protective Equipment at Work Regulations - Control of Substances Hazardous to Health (COSHH)- Provision and Use of Work Equipment Regulations.

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7.3

7.4

7.5

7.6

8.1

8.2

8.3


8. Know how to usepersonal protectiveequipment (PPE)correctly.

15

List the possible consequences of not using the correct personal protective equipment (PPE).

List the three elements essential to creating a fire.

State the ways in which a fire could spread and identify methods of fire prevention.

State the actions to be taken on discovering a fire.

State the correct fire evacuation procedures.

Consequences:- dermatitis, skin cancer- eye damage- head injury, cuts- leptospirosis (weil’s disease)- burns- hearing damage- respiratory failure- lung damage/lung disease- asbestosis- death.

ElementsOxygen, fuel, heat.

Methods of Fire Prevention: - keeping work areas tidy - removal of flammable waste material- complying with site/organisational rules for fire safety - being aware of things that can cause fires- reporting to your supervisor or employer anything that may be a fire risk.

Actions- raising the alarm- alerting others- clearing exists- leaving the building via escape routes- assembling at the correct assembly point- follow organisation procedures.

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8.4

9.1

9.2

9.3

9.4


9. Know the fire andemergency procedures.

16

State the different types of fire extinguishers and their correct uses.

List the categories of signs and safety notices used in the workplace.

State the key differences between signs and safety notices used in the workplace.

Types of fire extinguishers- water (white label) - organic fires- foam (cream label) - liquid and organic fires- CO2 (black label) - electrical fires- dry powder (blue label) - electrical, liquids- wet chemical (yellow label) - cooking oil.

Signs and safety notices- prohibition- mandatory- warning- safe condition.

Differences- specific colour- purpose- shape (either individual ie. circular or triangular or shape within a rectangular enclosure).




9.5

10.1

10.2


10. Know about signs andsafety notices.

17

State why documentation must be looked after and stored correctly.

Identify basic symbols and hatchings from working drawings

Identify the appropriate scale to be used with a range of drawings.

Select information from basic location drawings and specifications.

Select information from basic work schedules in general use.

State the importance of checking deliveries of building materials.

State why it is important to calculate the correct amount of materials and resources required.

WhySensitive blue prints/drawings eg. bank/government establishment and personal employment records.

Symbols and hatchingsRefer to keys of symbols and hatching.

Scale in relation to:- block plans- site plans- working drawings.

InformationUtilities, pathways, parking, boundaries, North Point.

Information- task- resource- materials- time.

Importance of checking deliveries- correct type of materials delivered- correct quantities of materials delivered- check for missing or incorrect materials- damaged items on arrival.

Why it is important- cost of materials- wastage- storage- consequences of calculating incorrectly.




1.1

1.2

1.3

1.4

1.5

2.1

2.2

Unit content: CSA-L1Core02 Knowledge of technical information, quantities and communication with others

1. Know how to interpretconstruction relatedtechnical information.

2. Know how to determinequantities of materials.

18

State the methods used to calculate basic material quantities.

List the basic content and requirements for recording a message.

State what is meant by positive and negative communication.

State the benefits of clear and effective communication when relaying information.

State how to communicate in the appropriate manner with others to ensure work is carried out productively.

State the importance of maintaining good working relationships.

State the importance of applying equality and diversity when communicating and working with others.

Methods- linear and perimeter in metres and millimetres- area, volume.

ContentDate, time, message content, contact name and details.RequirementsLegible, clear record of message for person intended.

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Benefits- avoiding error- building relations- customer service- implications of poor communication.

CommunicateManagers, supervisors, colleagues, clients/customers, other occupations.

Maintaining working relationships- clear communications- productive working environment- avoids negative impact on working environment- interpersonal skills- other trades/occupations.

Equality and diversity- respect for others- creed, race, gender, abilityLegislationEquality Act 2010.




2.3

3.1

3.2

3.3

4.1

4.2

4.3

Unit content: CSA L1Core02 Knowledge of technical information, quantities and communication with others

3. Know how to relayinformation in theconstruction environment.

4. Know how tocommunicate with othersin the constructionenvironment.

19

State the purpose of a foundation.

State the different types of foundations used in modern construction.

List the materials used in domestic foundations.

State the different methods of floor construction.

List the materials used in floor construction.

State the different methods of wall construction.

Purpose including:Structural stability.

Types of foundationsStrip, raft, trenchfill, piled, pad.In relation to:Ground conditions (subsoil), strength, types of building.

Materials- aggregates- cement- water- additives- reinforcement.

Methods- solid- suspended.

Materials- timber- concrete- insulation- damp proof membrane- chip board- screed.

Methods including:- cavity masonry- timber frame- internal partitions (metal and timber stud)- solid walling.




1.1

1.2

1.3

2.1

2.2

3.1

Unit content: CSA-L1Core03 Knowledge of construction technology

1. Know about foundationconstruction.

2. Know about floorconstruction.

3. Know about wallconstruction.

20

List the materials used in wall construction.

State the reason for the use of damp-proof membrane (DPM) and damp-proof course (DPC).

State the different types of roof construction.

State the different exterior features used in roof construction.

State different types of roof coverings.

List the different utilities and services provided to structures.

Materials including:- brickwork, blockwork, stonework- timber- timber and metal partitions- insulation.

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TypesFlat, double pitched, gable, hipped, mono-pitch.

Exterior featuresRidge, apex, fascia, soffit, bargeboard, eaves, dorma.

TypesFelt, slate, tile, metals, undercloaking, semi-permeablemembrane, shingles, thatch, turf.

Utilities and services- drainage - waste water/sewerage- water- gas- electricity- communications (telephone/data/cable)- ducting (heating & ventilation)- solar panels- rain water harvesting.




3.2

3.3

4.1

4.2

4.3

5.1


4. Know about roofconstruction.

5. Know about utilities andservices withinconstruction.

21

State what is meant by the term sustainability.

List examples of how sustainability can be incorporated into construction projects.

State what is meant by the term Energy Efficiency.

List examples of how Energy Efficiency can be incorporated into construction projects.

Sustainability in relation to:- finite and renewable resources- impact of construction on the environment- recycling.

Sustainability including:- using local managed resources e.g. timber- eco-friendly sustainable manufactured products- environmentally sourced timber / resources- alternative methods of building e.g. timber frame- architecture and design considerations- recycling- minimising wastage.

Energy efficiency- energy saving measures- alternative energy sources e.g. wind, solar, water- impact on the environment- LED Lighting- Insulation.

Energy efficiency- alternative energy sources e.g. wind, solar, water, heat exchanger- alternative heating sources- heat loss prevention e.g. insulation and controlling draughts, double glazing- building design e.g. maximising natural light, ventilation etc.- using energy rated products and services e.g. insulation, light fittings, light bulbs.




6.1

6.2

6.3

6.4


6. Know about sustainabilitywithin construction.

22

1. Know how to prepare forerecting accessequipment and workingplatforms.

State the potential hazards associated with erecting and dismantling access equipment and working platforms and how to prevent breaches in Health and Safety following a risk assessment.

State the personal protective equipment (PPE) requirements for erecting anddismantling access equipment and working platforms.

State suitable access equipment and work-ing platforms for:• internal work• external work.

State the different hazards associated with the use of access equipment and working platforms.

State the reason for producing a hazardidentification record.

HazardsFires, slips, trips & falls, hazardous substances, electrical, manual handling, machinery, Working at Height, PPE required. for Working at Height.IncludingHow to prevent breaches in Health and Safety using risk assessment and relevant health and safety documentation and legislation.

PPE In relation to Collective and Personal measures:- collective protective measures.- personal protective equipment (PPE) e.g. hardhat, gloves and steel toe capped boots, eye protection, overalls, high visibility jacket/vest, fixed length and fall arrest.- respiratory protective equipment (RPE).

Suitable access equipment and working platforms:- ladders, mobile towers, step ladders/platform steps, trestle platforms, proprietary staging and podiums/hop-ups.

HazardsFires, slips, trips & falls, cuts and abrasions, electrical, faulty equipment, Working at Height, PPE required for Working at Height.IncludingHow to prevent breaches in Health and Safety using riskassessment and relevant health and safety documentation and legislation.

ReasonsRelating to legislation and safe working practices.




1.1

1.2

1.3

1.4

1.5

Unit content: CSA-L1Occ12 Erect and dismantle access equipment and working platforms

23

2. Be able to prepare forerecting accessequipment and workingplatforms.

State the current regulations relating to the use of access equipment and workingplatforms.

Describe how to protect the work and itssurrounding area from damage inaccordance with organisational procedures.

Interpret guidance information to erect and dismantle access equipment and working platforms.

Produce a hazard identification record forusing access equipment and workingplatforms correctly.

Select and use appropriate personalprotective equipment (PPE) when erecting and dismantling access equipment andworking platforms.

Current Regulations- Working at Height regulations.- Manual handling. - Relevant Health and Safety Documentation and legislation.

ProtectionPlastic sheeting, dust sheets, hessian, clean working platforms, cover resources, barriers to isolate work area, signage.Damage in relation to:General workplace activities, other occupations and adverse weather conditions, plant movement, vandalism, trespassing, theft.

Interpret- Manufacturer’s assembly instructions. - Assembly guide.

Hazard IdentificationFaulty and damaged equipment.Equipment and platforms:- podiums/hop-ups, step ladders/platform steps, trestleplatforms and proprietary staging.

PPE In relation to Collective and Personal measures:- collective protective measures- personal protective equipment (PPE) e.g. hardhat, gloves and steel toe capped boots, eye protection, overalls, high visibility jacket/vest, fixed length and fall arrest- respiratory protective equipment (RPE).




1.6

1.7

2.1

2.2

2.3


24

3. Know how to inspectaccess equipment andworking platformcomponents and identifydefects.

Protect the work and its surrounding area from damage in accordance withorganisational procedures.

State suitable access equipment and working platform components for • internal work• external work.

State the correct function of scaffoldingcomponents.

State why it is important to carry out pre-erection and in-use inspections.

State the correct inspection intervals for scaffolding.

ProtectionPlastic sheeting, dust sheets, hessian, clean working platforms, cover resources, barriers to isolate work area, signage.Damage in relation to:General workplace activities, other occupations and adverse weather conditions, plant movement, vandalism, trespassing, theft.

Suitable access equipment and working platformcomponentsStiles, rungs, tie rods, ropes, pulleys, treads, hinges,swingbacks, locking bars, non-slip inserts, scaffold boards, platform staging.

ComponentsStiles, rungs, tie rods, ropes, pulleys, treads, hinges,swingbacks, locking bars, non-slip inserts, scaffold boards, platform staging.

Inspections- To avoid falls from height- To check for faulty equipment- To check for weather and tampering.

CorrectWhenever moved and according to legislation, pre-erection, post-erection, handing over, post accident and incident, after inclement weather.




2.4

3.1

3.2

3.3

3.4


25

4. Be able to inspectaccess equipment andworking platformcomponents andidentify defects.

5. Know how to erect andwork from accessequipment and workingplatforms.

6. Be able to erect and workfrom access equipmentand working platforms.

Inspect access equipment and workingplatform components pre-erection and when in use.

Identify defects and hazards to components and report them to the authorised personnel in accordance with organisational procedures.

State the need for and how to identify asecure base.

State how to load working platforms correctly.

State the correct manual handling techniques for erecting and moving access and working platforms.

Erect access equipment and workingplatforms in accordance with organisational procedures and secure where necessary.

Access, and work from access equipment and working platforms in accordance with current legislation.

InspectEquipment could include:- Stiles, rungs, tie rods, ropes, pulleys, treads, hinges,swingbacks, locking bars, non-slip inserts, scaffold boards, platform staging.Equipment and platforms:- podiums/hop-ups, step ladders/platform steps, trestleplatforms and proprietary staging.Pre and post use could include:- pre-erection, post-erection, handing over, post accident and incident, inclement weather.

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Correct- Kinetic lifting- Manual handling operations regulations.

Erect- As per manufacturers instructions.

Current legislation- Manual handling.




4.1

4.2

5.1

5.2

5.3

6.1

6.2


26

State the correct sequence of dismantling access equipment and working platforms.

State the storage requirements for access equipment and working platforms.

Dismantle access equipment and working platforms in accordance with manufacturers’ instructions and organisational procedures.

Store access equipment and workingplatforms in accordance with manufacturers’ instructions and organisational procedures.

Sequence- As per manufacturers instructions.

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7.1

7.2

8.1

8.2


7. Know how to dismantleand store accessequipment and workingplatform components.

8. Be able to dismantle andstore access equipmentand working platformcomponents.

27

State the potential hazards associated with preparing surfaces for decoration and how to prevent breaches in Health and Safety using risk assessment.

State the personal protective equipment (PPE) requirements for preparing surfaces for decoration.

Describe the properties and applications of timber and timber sheet products.

Hazards- Fires, slips, trips & falls, cuts and abrasions, hazardoussubstances, electrical, faulty equipment, manual handling, plant and vehicle movement, adverse weather, Working at Height, PPE required for Working at Height.IncludingHow to prevent breaches in Health and Safety using riskassessment and relevant health and safety documentation and legislation.

PPE In relation to Collective and Personal measures:- collective protective measures- personal protective equipment (PPE)- respiratory protective equipment (RPE)

Properties and applicationsTimber:- softwood (pine, cedar, spruce) and hardwoods (oak, beech, mahogany).Timber sheet products:- medium density fibreboard (MDF), plywood, hardwood,blockboard.Applications:- structural, first fix, second fix, decorative.Surface properties:- tactility, porosity, aesthetics.Physical properties:- insulation, hardness, strength, flexibility.




1.1

1.2

1.3

Unit content: CSA-L2Occ47 Prepare surfaces for decoration

1. Know how to preparesurfaces to receivefinishing systems.

28

Describe the properties and applications of metal surfaces.

Describe the properties and applications of trowel finishes and plasterboard.

Properties and applicationsMetal types:- ferrous (cast iron, wrought iron, mild sheet, steel), and non-ferrous (copper, aluminium, lead, galvanised steel).Applications:- railings/fencing, garage doors, pipes, window frames,flashingsSurface properties:- colour, hardness, porosity, toxicity.Physical properties:- thermal expansion and contraction, electrical conductivity.

Properties and applicationsSurface types:- gypsum plaster, plasterboards (square and featheredge), brickwork, blockwork.Applications:- dry lining, structural, surface finishing, internal, external.Physical properties:- tactility, porosity, capillarity, adhesion, effects of moisture.Chemical properties:- Alkalinity, acidity, inertness, soluble salt content.




1.4

1.5


29

Describe the preparation processes for a range of surfaces.

Describe the causes of metal corrosionusing appropriate terminology.

Describe appropriate solvent-borne andwater-borne primers for the following:• timber and timber sheet products• metal surfaces• trowel and plasterboard surfaces

Preparation processes:- solvent wiping, dry abrading, knotting, priming, stopping and filling. - hand tool preparation, descaling, degreasing, powered tool preparation, priming.- raking out, wetting in, making good, abrading, scraping,caulking, taping, proud filling, flush filling, degreasing.SurfacesTimbers: - softwoods, sheet materials.Metals: - ferrous and non-ferrousTrowel finishes and plasterboardPlastics: - PVCu, rainwater goods, windows/doors (internal andexternal), pipework.

CausesMetal types:- ferrous (cast iron, wrought iron, mild sheet, steel), and non-ferrous (copper, aluminium, lead, galvanised steel). Corrosion factors:- oxygen, hydrogen, moisture, atmospheric pollution. Terminology:- surface corrosion, pitting, oxides, millscale, galvanic action, cathodic protection.

Appropriate primers:- solvent-borne primers: aluminium, white, pink, water-borne primers, size, acrylic, emulsion- zinc phosphate, metal primer, etch primer.- alkali resisting primer (ARP), primer sealer, emulsion.




1.6

1.7

1.8


30


Select and use appropriate personalprotective equipment (PPE) whenpreparing surfaces for decoration.


ProtectionDust sheets, twill sheets, clean working platforms, cover resources, protect decorative features (stonework/plinths), masking tape, self adhesive polythene sheet, barriers to isolate work area, signage.Damage in relation to:General workplace activities, other occupations and adverse weather conditions, plant movement, vandalism, trespassing, theft.

PPE In relation to Collective and Personal measures:- collective protective measures- personal protective equipment (PPE)- respiratory protective equipment (RPE).

ProtectionDust sheets, twill sheets, clean working platforms, coverresources, protect decorative features (stonework/plinths),masking tape, self adhesive polythene sheet, barriers to isolate work area, signage.Damage in relation to:General workplace activities, other occupations and adverse weather conditions, plant movement, vandalism, trespassing, theft.




1.9

2.1

2.2


2. Be able to prepare surfaces to receive finishing systems.

31

Select the appropriate tools and equipment suitable for the method of preparation.• Timber• Metal• Trowel surfaces and plasterboard

Select the appropriate materials suitable for the method of preparation.• Timber• Metal• Trowel surfaces and plasterboard

Tools and equipment for timber could include:- scrapers, putty knives, chisel knife, knotting brush, punch, hammer, rubbing blocks (rubber, cork, wood), natural andsynthetic brushes, short pile and foam rollers, dusting brush, dust masks, paint pots/kettles, roller trays.Tools and equipment for metal could include:- needle gun, chisel gun, rotary sander, orbital sander, wire brushes, scraper, hand and powered chipping hammers,natural and synthetic brushes, short pile and foam rollers, paint pots/kettles, roller trays, goggles, masks, gloves. Tools and equipment for trowel surfaces and plasterboard could include:- scrapers, filling knives, filling board, hawk and trowel, caulking blades, roller trays, natural and synthetic brushes, woven fabric rollers, buckets.

Materials for timber could include:- solvents, shellac/patent/white knotting, stoppers, single-pack fillers, two-pack fillers.Materials for metal could include:- degreasing agents, rust removers, mordant solutions,aluminium oxide, emery paper, steel wool, primers (zincphosphate, single and two-pack etch primers, water-borne primers).Materials for trowel surfaces and plasterboard couldinclude:- plaster-based fillers, joint fillers, joint tapes, reinforced corner tapes, abrasives, degreasing agents, stabilising solutions,water-borne primers, sizes, solvent-borne primers (alkaliresisting primer).




2.3

2.4


32

Prepare a range of surfaces using theappropriate processes in accordance with the work instructions.

Work in accordance with currentenvironmental and health and safetyregulations.

Explain circumstances under which it may be necessary to remove existing paint and paper prior to redecoration.

Timber, a minimum of one of the following:- softwood (pine, spruce)Timber sheet products, a minimum of one of the following:- medium density fibreboard (MDF), plywood, hardboard, blockboard.Processes could include:- solvent wiping, dry abrading, knotting, priming, stopping, filling.Metals ferrous and non-ferrous. Preparation processes could include:- descaling, degreasing, priming.Primers could include:- zinc phosphate, metal primer, etch primer.Surface types could include:- gypsum plaster, plasterboards (square and featheredge), brickwork and/or blockwork.Preparation processes could include:Raking out, wetting in, making good, abrading, scraping, caulking and taping, proud and flush filling.To receive:paint (water-borne and solvent-borne) paper.

-

Circumstances including defects:- blistering, cracking or crazing, flaking, excessive filmthickness, peeling, mould, redecoration.




2.5

2.6

3.1


3. Know how to remove paint and paper to receive finishing systems.

33

Describe the appropriate methods ofremoving coatings from a range ofsubstrates.

Describe the safety precautions required when carrying out a range of paint and paper removal processes.

Describe the reason for decontaminating surfaces following the use of liquid paint removers.

Describe the significances of the starting point and soaking time when removingpapers.

MethodsSubstrates:- timbers, ferrous metals, non-ferrous metals, plaster,plasterboard, glazed products.Removal processes:- liquid paint removing, electric hot air, hand soaking, steam stripping, peelable strippers, infra-red.Including: - over-painted and peelable papers.

Safety precautions- Control of Substances Hazardous to Health (COSHH.- Volatile Organic Compunds- Disposal of waste, cuts and abrasions, dermatitis, dustinhalation, burns, electrical safety.- Working at Heights regulations- Risk assessment- Personal Protective Equipment (PPE).

-

-




3.2

3.3

3.4

3.5


34

Describe the correct method of storing a range of tools and equipment to remove paint and paper.

Describe appropriate methods of disposing of debris and waste produced by preparation processes.

Select the appropriate equipment to remove paint and paper.

Set up and check functionality of equipment to remove paint and paper.

Method of storingTools and equipment:- scrapers, chisel, knife, shavehooks, metal containers, fibre brush, wall brush, electric hot-air gun, transformer, extension cable, fire extinguisher, polythene sheets, dust sheets,Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) burning off equipment, non-combustible panel, steam stripper.Electrical equipment:- components present, equipment cleaned, checked fordamage, stored in a clean and secure location.

Appropriate methods of disposingSegregation and recycling of waste, safe disposal of hazardous materials, Local Exhaust Ventilation (LEV).Debris and wasteEfflorescence, moss and lichen, moulds and fungi, papercontaminated with paste, paper contaminated with mould,textured coatings.

Equipment including:- electric hot-air guns, steam strippers, peelable strippers.

Equipment including:- electric hot-air guns, steam strippers, peelable strippers.Functionality- Check leads- Check plugs- Check tools and equipment- Current valid PAT certificates.




3.6

3.7

4.1

4.2


4. Be able to remove paintand paper to receivefinishing systems.

35

Protect the work area prior to removing paint and paper.

Remove previously applied coatings using the following:• liquid paint removers• heat producing apparatus

Remove over-painted papers and peelable papers using the following:• steam stripping• hand soaking.

Check that stripped surfaces are free from liquid paint remover, paint, paper and paste.

Dispose of removed paint and paper using the appropriate disposal methods.

Work in accordance with currentenvironmental and health and safetyregulations.

ProtectionDust sheets, twill sheets, clean working platforms, coverresources, protect decorative features(stonework/plinths),masking tape, self adhesive polythene sheet, barriers to isolate work area, signage.Damage in relation to:General workplace activities, other occupations and adverse weather conditions, plant movement, vandalism, trespassing, theft.

-

-

-

Appropriate disposal methodsSegregation and recycling of waste, safe disposal of hazardous materials, local Exhaust ventilation (LEV).

Health and Safety Regulations- Working at Height regulations- Manual handling - Relevant Health and Safety Documentation and legislation.




4.3

4.4

4.5

4.6

4.7

4.8


36

Describe the different types and causes of a range of surface conditions.

Describe the suitable rectification process for a range of surface conditions with a range of defects.

Describe how to identify a range of defects and the causes of unsound paint on timber and manufactured timber product surfaces.

Describe a range of cleaning agents and how they are used for removing contamination.

Describe how to test for a solvent-borne or water-borne coating.

Types and causes of a range of surface conditions:- efflorescence, moss and lichen, moulds and fungi,contamination (dirt, grease, silicone, wax polish, carbon/smoke, friable).

SuitableRectification process:- scraping, wet and dry abrading, brushing, washing down,degreasing, solvent wiping, washing down for a finish, face putty, hand tools, powered tools, cut out and treat.Defects:- saponification, cissing, discolouration, slow or non-drying surface coating, bleeding (resin, nicotine, bitumen), chalking and powdering, loss of gloss, wrinkling or shrivelling, cracking or crazing, flaking, blistering, bittiness, runs, sags or curtains, missing facing putties.Surface conditions:- efflorescence, moss and lichen, moulds and fungi,contamination (dirt, grease, silicone, wax, polish,carbon/smoke, friable), wet rot and dry rot.

IdentifyDefects:- saponification, cissing, discolouration, slow or non-drying surface coating, bleeding (resin, nicotine, bitumen), chalking and powdering, loss of gloss, wrinkling or shrivelling, cracking or crazing, flaking, blistering, bittiness, runs, sags or curtains, missing facing putties.

-

-




5.1

5.2

5.3

5.4

5.5


5. Know how to rectifysurface conditions.

37

State how a range of surface conditions and defects can be avoided.

Describe the possible reasons for unsound paint on ferrous and non-ferrous metals.

Describe the purposes of abrading surfaces by a range of methods, and the suitable type and grade of abrasive for each method.

Describe the health and safety precautions to be applied when preparing unsoundsurface conditions.

Range of surface conditions:- efflorescence, moss and lichen, moulds and fungi,contamination (dirt, grease, silicone, wax, polish,carbon/smoke, friable).Defects:- saponification, cissing, discolouration, slow or non-drying surface coating, bleeding (resin, nicotine, bitumen), chalking and powdering, loss of gloss, wrinkling or shrivelling, cracking or crazing, flaking, blistering, bittiness, runs, sags or curtains, missing facing putties.

Reasons Grease, corrosion, contamination, moisture, pollution,oxidisation, mill scale.

AbradingAbrading purposes:- key or scratch, level.Abrasives:- glasspaper, aluminium oxide, silicon carbide, steel wool,emery cloths.Methods: - wet abrade, dry abrade.

Health and Safety precautions- Control of Substances Hazardous to Health (COSHH).- Volatile Organic Compunds- Disposal of waste, cuts and abrasions, dermatitis, dustinhalation, burns, electrical safety.- Working at Heights regulations- Risk assessment- Personal Protective Equipment (PPE).




5.6

5.7

5.8

5.9


38

Select the appropriate rectification process for a range of surface conditions.

Select the appropriate tools and equipment suitable for the rectification process.

Select the appropriate materials suitable for the rectification process.

Carry out the work in accordance with current environmental and health and safetyregulations.

Rectification process could include:- scraping, wet and dry abrading, brushing, washing down,degreasing, solvent wiping, washing down for a finish, face putty, hand tools, powered tools.Surface conditions could include:- efflorescence, moss and lichen, moulds and fungi,(contamination dirt, grease, silicone, wax, polish,carbon/smoke), friable.

Tools and equipment including:- scrapers, wire brushes, stiff scrubbing brushes, buckets, sponges, goggles, protective gloves, moisture meter, orbital sander, lint-free cloths, palm sander, dusting brush, rubbing blocks (rubber, cork wood), knotting brush, wall brush.

Materials including:- sterilising fluids, fungicidal washes, sugar soap, primers and sealers (alkali resisting, aluminium, wood, acrylic, stabilising solutions), solvents (white spirit, methylated spirits), shellac and patent knotting, stain blocks (proprietary andnon-proprietary), barrier cream.Cleaning agents including:- solvents (white spirit, methylated spirit, acetone), detergents, sugar soap.

Health and Safety precautions- Control of Substances Hazardous to Health (COSHH).- Volatile Organic Compunds- Disposal of waste, cuts and abrasions, dermatitis, dustinhalation, burns, electrical safety.- Working at Heights regulations- Risk assessment- Personal Protective Equipment (PPE).




6.1

6.2

6.3

6.4


6. Be able to rectifysurface conditions.

39

Describe the reasons for cracking to plaster surfaces and how it occurs.

Explain the stages involved in the process of repairing and making good cracks in plaster surfaces.

Describe the effects of heat and moisture on plaster.

Describe defects found on a range of interior and exterior materials.

Describe the appropriate method for making good open grained timber.

List the commonly used stoppers whenrepairing and making good surfaces.

List the tools required when using stoppers to repair and make good surfaces.

Describe the repair process applied when using a range of stoppers to repair and make good surfaces.

Reasons- settlement/subsistence- drying out.

Stages- scraping, raking out, undercutting, wetting in, back filling, proud filling, flush filling, dry abrading.

Effects including:- Blowing, crazing, fryable.

Surface types and areas:- types – timber, brickwork, plaster, concrete, plasterboard.- areas – ceilings, walls, doors, windows (frames and glazed units), timber trim (skirting, architrave).Defects:- open joints in joinery, splits, indentations, open grainedtimber, defective putties, holes, cracks (settlement, shrinkage), defective plasterboard joints, blown plaster and render, gaps, defective pointing.

AppropriateSolvent wiping, dry abrading, knotting, priming, stopping and fine surface filling.

-

ToolsScrapers, putty knives, chisel knife, knotting brush, punch, hammer, rubbing blocks (rubber, cork, wood).

-




7.1

7.2

7.3

7.4

7.5

7.6

7.7

7.8


7. Know how to repairand make goodsurfaces.

40

Describe the safety precautions required when applying a range of stoppers to repair and make good surfaces.

Select the appropriate tools and equipment for repairing and making good a range of surfaces and areas.

Select the appropriate interior and exterior materials for repairing and making good a range of surfaces and areas.

Safety precautions- Control of Substances Hazardous to Health (COSHH).- Volatile Organic Compunds- Disposal of waste, cuts and abrasions, dermatitis, dustinhalation.- Working at Heights regulations- Risk assessment- Personal Protective Equipment (PPE).

Tools and equipment including:- scraper, putty knife, chisel knife, shavehooks, fillingknife/blade, filling board, dusting brush, craft knife, cartridge gun/cage, sponge, bucket, wetting-in brush, nail punch,hammer, pointing trowel, hawk, caulking, blades, rubbing blocks, pole sander, goggles, dust masks.Surface types and areas could include:- types – timber, brickwork, plaster, concrete, plasterboard.- areas – ceilings, walls, doors, windows (frames and glazed units), timber trim (skirting, architrave).

Materials including:- water-based fillers, single pack fillers, solvent-based stoppers and fillers, decorator’s caulk and sealants, ready-mixedlightweight filler, plaster, expanding foam, two-pack fillers, acrylic coloured timber fillers, PVA primer/sealer, jointing tape, cement mortar, abrasives.Surface types and areas could include:- types – timber, brickwork, plaster, concrete, plasterboard.- areas – ceilings, walls, doors, windows (frames and glazed units), timber trim (skirting, architrave).




7.9

8.1

8.2


8. Be able to repair andmake good surfaces.

41

Defects including:- open joints in joinery, splits, indentations, open grainedtimber, defective putties, holes, cracks (settlement, shrinkage), defective plasterboard joints, blown plaster and render, gaps, defective pointing.

Materials including:- water-based fillers, single pack fillers, solvent-based stoppers and fillers, decorators caulk and sealants, ready-mixedlightweight filler, plaster, expanding foam, two-pack fillers, acrylic coloured timber fillers, PVA primer/sealer, jointing tape, cement mortar, abrasives, new technology materials.Repair and making good processes could include:- scraping, sinking, nail heads, raking out, undercutting,wetting in, back filling, proud filling, flush filling, stopping, applying caulk and sealants, spot prime and seal, wet and dry abrading.

Materials including:- water-based fillers, single pack fillers, solvent-based stoppers and fillers, decorators caulk and sealants, ready-mixedlightweight filler, plaster, expanding foam, two-pack fillers, acrylic coloured timber fillers, PVA primer/sealer, jointing tape, abrasives.

Health and Safety precautions- Control of Substances Hazardous to Health (COSHH).- Volatile Organic Compunds- Disposal of waste, cuts and abrasions, dermatitis, dustinhalation, burns, electrical safety- Working at Heights regulations- Risk assessment- Personal Protective Equipment (PPE).

Prepare a range of defective areas ready for repair and making good.

Prepare appropriate materials for a range of repairing and making good processes.

Apply and finish a range of materials to repair and make good surfaces.

Carry out the work in accordance with current environmental and health and safetyregulations.

8.3

8.4

8.5

8.6





42

Domestic considerationsRoom furniture, floor/carpets, door and window furniture, wall mounted fixtures and fittings.Commercial considerationsWorkstations, lighting, machinery, equipment, furniture, public access to premises, climate, weather, temperature, ventilation, debris.

Properties and appropriate uses of Masking tapeExterior, interior, low-tack, crepe, 7 day.

Appropriate system including: Masking machines.

Protective sheetingPolythene sheets, dust sheets (lightweight, protective backing, heavy duty), drop sheets, tarpaulin, self-adhesive protection and new technologies.

-

ProtectionDust sheets, twill sheets, clean working platforms, coverresources, protect decorative features (stonework/plinths),masking tape, self adhesive polythene sheet, barriers to isolate work area, signage.Damage in relation to:General workplace activities, other occupations and adverse weather conditions, plant movement, vandalism, trespassing, theft.

Describe the domestic and commercialfactors that need to be considered whenpreparing the work area.

Compare the properties and appropriate uses for a range of masking tapes.

Describe the appropriate system forapplying and removing masking tape.

Compare a range of protective sheeting and their appropriate uses.

Describe the maintenance and storage requirements for dust sheets and masking machines.


1.1

1.2

1.3

1.4

1.5

1.6

1. Know how to prepare thework area to apply paintsystems by brush androller.




Unit content: CSA-L2Occ48 Apply paint systems by brush and roller

43

-

Materials including:- masking paper, masking shield, polythene sheets, dust sheets (lightweight, protective backing, heavy duty), self-adhesive masking paper, drop sheets, tarpaulin.Tools and equipment including:- signs, barriers, pliers, screwdrivers (slotted, cross-head,posidriv), claw hammer, brushes, broom, shovels.

ProtectionDust sheets, twill sheets, clean working platforms, coverresources, protect decorative features(stonework/plinths),masking tape, self adhesive polythene sheet, barriers to isolate work area, signage.Damage in relation to:General workplace activities, other occupations and adverse weather conditions, plant movement, vandalism, trespassing, theft.

Characteristics and function of component parts- Handle, stock, ferrule, setting, filling, frame/yoke, sleeve, extension pole.- Rollers with sleeves of synthetic filament, woven pile, woven fabric, mohair, lambswool, short, medium, long pile.- Brushes in natural bristle, synthetic filament.

Clear and clean the work area in preparation for painting.

Select the appropriate materials to protect surrounding areas, furniture and fittings.


Describe the characteristics and function of a range of brush and roller component parts.

2.1

2.2

2.3

3.1

2. Be able to prepare the work area to apply paint systems by brush and roller.

3. Know how to prepare materials for application by brush and roller.





44

Application toolsBrushes- natural bristle, synthetic filament. Roller sleeve types could include: - woven fabric, mohair, sheepskin/lambswool, knitted, short, medium, long pile, foam. Surface coatings- water-borne types (interior, exterior, pigmented,non-pigmented) with finishes in matt, mid sheen silk, eggshell, gloss.- solvent-borne types in matt, eggshell, semi-gloss, gloss.- systems (interior and exterior) for timber, metal(ferrous, non-ferrous), trowelled finishes (plaster), plasterboard. - wood treatments (water-borne and solvent borne) stains, preservatives, varnishes (matt, eggshell and gloss).

PreparationStir/search, decant/strain.

ReasonTo adjust viscosity depending on surface. ConditionersDryers, extenders, biosides.

Explain reasons for the selection ofapplication tools for a range of surfacecoatings.

Describe the process of surface coating preparation.

Explain the reason for thinning andconditioning paints prior to application.

3.2

3.3

3.4





45

Types of surface coatings:- water-borne types (interior, exterior, pigmented,non-pigmented) with finishes in matt, mid sheen silk, eggshell, gloss.- solvent-borne types in matt, eggshell, semi-gloss, gloss.- systems (interior and exterior) for timber, metal (ferrous, non-ferrous), trowelled finishes (plaster), plasterboard.- wood treatments (water-borne and solvent borne) stains, preservatives, varnishes (matt, eggshell and gloss). Components:- water-borne: film former, pigment and extender, dispersant/emulsifier, additives (anti-frothing agent, water, biocides), solvent/thinner, drier.- solvent-borne: film former, pigment, solvent/thinner, driers, additives.

Application toolsBrushes- natural bristle, synthetic filament Roller sleeve types could include:- woven fabric, mohair, sheepskin/lambswool, knitted, short, medium, long pile, foam Application equipment including:- roller cages, paint stirrers, strainers, paint pots, extension poles, buckets, scuttles, trays, dust sheets.

Describe the main types of surface coating and their components.

Select the appropriate application tools and equipment to carry out the work.

3.5

4.14. Be able to preparematerials for applicationby brush and roller.





46

Surface coatings including:- water-borne types (interior, exterior,pigmented,non-pigmented) with finishes in matt, mid sheen silk, eggshell, gloss.- solvent-borne types in matt, eggshell, semi-gloss, gloss - systems (interior and exterior) for timber, metal (ferrous, non-ferrous), trowelled finishes (plaster), plasterboard.- wood treatments (water-borne and solvent borne) stains, preservatives, varnishes ( eggshell and gloss).Colour scheme: Monochromatic, achromatic, tint, shade, advancing, receding/retiring, warm and cool colours.


Hazards- Dermatitis, fumes, spray, spills.Regulations and Codes of Practice:- Personal protective Equipment (PPE)- Construction Health and Safety- The Work at Height Regulations- Manufacturers’ instructions- Approved Code of Practice (ACoP)- Control of Substances Hazardous to Health (COSHH).

Plan and prepare a range of surfacecoatings to carry out the work.

State the personal protective equipment (PPE) requirements for applying paintsystems by brush and roller.

State the potential hazards associated with applying paint systems by brush and roller and how to prevent breaches in Health and Safety using risk assessment.

4.2

5.1

5.2

5. Know how to applywater-borne andsolvent-borne coatingsby brush and roller.





47

Drying processeswater-borne (evaporation, coalescence).- solvent-borne (evaporation, oxidation, polymerisation).- flow, set, tack, touch dry, hard dry, through dry.Influences- air- light- temperature- moisture.

Atmospheric conditions- hot air, cold air, draughts, direct sunlight, lack of light,humidity.

Factors- relevance to the painting and decorating industry, EU directive 2004/42/EC, product exemptions, categories of coatings, product labelling.

Room areas and componentsCeilings, broad walls, flush doors, panelled doors, casement windows, decorative mouldings, cutting in to features, balusters and spindles.

DefectsVisible defects:- misses, grinning, runs and sags, excessive brushmarks and ropiness, fat edges and wet edge build-up, paint on adjacent surfaces, roller edge marks, roller skid marks, irregular cutting in, orange peel, excessive bits and nibs.Post application defects:- retarded drying, cratering, bleeding, blooming, loss of gloss, fading, discolouration, yellowing, cracking/crazing,flaking/peeling.

Describe the drying processes andinfluences for the following:• Water-borne coatings• Solvent-borne coatings

Describe how a range of atmosphericconditions can affect the drying process.

Describe a range of factors associated with volatile organic compounds (VOCs).

Describe the reason for painting room areas and components in sequence.

Describe the causes and remedies of a range of defects:• visible defects• post application defects

5.3

5.4

5.5

5.6

5.7





48

Terms- primary, secondary, tertiary, colour circle, natural order, monochromatic, achromatic, tint, shade, advancing,receding/retiring, warm and cool colours.- analogous colours - colours occupying any three consecutive colour segments on the wheel.

Reasons- British Standard, RAL, paint colours for building purposes, Munsell colour system, NCS system.- To ensure the standardisation of colour and to provide consistency in a specification, used for identification purposes.

PPE In relation to Collective and Personal measures: - collective protective measures- personal protective equipment (PPE)- respiratory protective equipment (RPE).

Standard organisational colour system: Colour wheel of primary and secondary colours.Colour schemes: Monochromatic, warm.Minimum of three colours to surfaces to include: - doors- linear- wall.

Describe a range of common colour terms.

Explain the reason for the colourorganisational systems.

Select and use appropriate personalprotective equipment (PPE) when applying paint systems by brush and roller.

Apply a standard organisational coloursystem to a surface and colour schemes to a small room / cubicle.

5.8

5.9

6.1

6.2

6. Be able to applywater-borne andsolvent-borne coatingsby brush and roller.





49

Surface coatings including:- water-borne types (interior, exterior, pigmented,non-pigmented) with finishes in matt, mid sheen silk, eggshell, gloss. - solvent-borne types in matt, eggshell, semi-gloss, gloss- systems (interior and exterior) for timber, metal (ferrous,non-ferrous), trowelled finishes (plaster), plasterboard.- wood treatments (water-borne and solvent borne) stains, preservatives, varnishes (eggshell and gloss).Brushes could include: - natural bristle, synthetic filament. Roller sleeve types could include: - woven fabric, mohair, sheepskin/lambswool, knitted, short, medium, long pile, foam. Specified areas could include:- ceilings, broad walls, flush door and panelled doors, casement windows, linear work, features, decorative mouldings, balusters or spindles.Required standard, avoiding visible defects could include: - misses, grinning, runs/sags, excessive brushmarks and ropiness, paint on adjacent surfaces, fat edges/wet edge build-up, excessive bits and nibs, irregular cutting in, orange peel, roller edge marks/ roller skid marks.

-

MethodsSolvents and white spirit, water.

Apply surface coatings by brush and roller to specified areas in accordance with the work instructions.

Cut in by brush to angles and obstructions in accordance with the work instructions.

Describe the methods available for site and workshop cleaning of:• Brushes• Roller sleeves

6.3

6.4

7.17. Know how to clean,maintain and storebrushes and rollers.





50

Conditions could include:Water steep, solvent steep, suspension, insecticide, dry air. Water-borne: Wash, dry and hang.Solvent-borne: Cleaned in white spirit, stored in vapour pot (BrushMate) or solvent/water steep.

CleanSolvents and white spirit, water.

Conditions could include:Water steep, solvent steep, suspension, insecticide, dry air. Water-borne: Wash, dry and hang.Solvent-borne: Cleaned in white spirit, stored in vapour pot (BrushMate) or solvent/water steep.

-

Materials- water-borne coatings, solvent-borne coatings, dry powder materials, ready-mixed fillers, two-packs.Storage conditions- well ventilated, frost free and racking.

-

Describe the suitable conditions for short and long term storage of brushes and rollers.

Clean wet water-borne and solvent borne coatings from the following:• brushes• roller sleeves

Store synthetic filament and natural bristle brushes and a range of roller sleeve types in the specified conditions.

Dispose of solvent contaminated rags and contaminated solvent in accordance with legislation and official guidance.

Describe the suitable storage conditions for a range of relevant materials.

Describe the purpose of using a stockrotation system.

7.2

8.1

8.2

8.3

9.1

9.2

8. Be able to clean,maintain and storebrushes and rollers.

9. Know how tostore materials.





51

-

Storage defects- fattening, flocculation, livering, settling, skinning.

Materials- water-borne coatings, solvent-borne coatings, dry powder materials, ready-mixed fillers, two-packs.

-

-

Risk assessmentsMaterials- Water-borne coatings, solvent-borne coatings, dry powder materials, ready-mixed fillers, two-packs.

State the effect on dry powder of incorrect storage.

Describe the appearance, causes andremedies for a range of storage defects.

Store a range of materials in the appropriate manner.

Carry out stock taking in accordance with the organisational procedures.

Check that stock rotation procedures are being followed.

Carry out risk assessments for storedmaterials.

9.3

9.4

10.1

10.2

10.3

10.4

10. Be able to store materials.





52

Production methods: - wet embossing, dry embossing, heat expansion.Printing methods:- block, screen, machine, wet, dry, embossing.

Appearance and CharacteristicsPatterns types:- set/straight match, drop/offset match, random/free matchPaper types:- pulps, wood ingrain, embossed, washable, vinyl, simplexduplex, ready-pasted, blown vinyl.

LocationsWashable and waterproof in kitchens and bathrooms - areas of high humidity.Paper types:- foundation (lining and preparatory), wood ingrain, embossed, blown vinyl, washable, vinyl, ready-pasted, paste the walls, borders.

Appearance and MeaningSymbols:- spongeable, washable, super-washable, scrubbable,moderate light fastness, good light, fastness, strippable,peelable, ready pasted, paste-the-wall, free match, straight match,design/distance repeat, offset match, direction ofhanging, co-ordinated fabric available, reverse alternate lengths.

Paper types:- foundation (lining and preparatory), wood ingrain, embossed, blown vinyl, washable, vinyl, ready-pasted, paste the walls, borders.Adhesives:- cellulose paste, starch paste, multi-purpose paste, overlap, ready-mixed (medium weight), PVA.

Describe a range of production andprinting methods used in the manufacture of papers.

Describe the appearance andcharacteristics of a range of different paper and pattern types.

State the appropriate locations and uses for a range of paper types.

Describe the appearance and meaning of a range of international performance symbols.

Describe the adhesives suitable for use with a range of papers.

1.1

1.2

1.3

1.4

2.1

1. Know the characteristicsof standard wallpapersand how they areproduced.

2. Know how to select andprepare adhesives toapply standard papers toceilings and walls.




Unit content: CSA-L2Occ49 Apply standard papers to ceilings and walls

53

Advantages and disadvantages:- ease of application, adhesive properties, marking quality, mould inhibitor.Adhesives:- cellulose paste, starch paste, multi-purpose paste, overlap, ready-mixed (medium weight), PVA.

Factors:Incorrect preparation, paper type, paper weight, room/airtemperature, surface, shelf-life.

DefectsBlisters, delamination, stretching.

ProtectionPlastic sheeting, hessian, clean working platforms, cleanmortar boards, cover resources, protect decorative features (stonework/plinths), barriers to isolate work area, signage, weeping/ hosing down.Damage in relation to:General workplace activities, other occupations and adverse weather conditions, plant movement, vandalism, trespassing, theft.

Type of adhesive- starch paste, multi-purpose paste, overlap, ready-mixed(medium weight), PVA, cellulose paste.

Range of adhesivesAdhesives, minimum of 2 from:- starch paste, multi-purpose paste, overlap, ready-mixed (medium weight), PVA, cellulose paste.Adjust as per:- weight of paper, atmospheric conditions, and substrate.

Describe the advantages and disadvantages of using different adhesives.

Describe the factors that affect theconsistency of adhesives.

Describe the defects caused by the incorrect consistency of adhesives.


Select the appropriate type of adhesive to carry out the work.

Prepare and adjust the consistency of a range of adhesives in accordance withmanufacturers’ instructions.

2.2

2.3

2.4

2.5

3.1

3.2

3. Be able to select andprepare adhesives toapply standard papers toceilings and walls.





54

Health and Safety Regulations- Working at Height regulations- Manual handling - Relevant Health and Safety Documentation and legislation.



HazardsRegulations and Codes of Practice:- Construction Health and Safety- The Work at Height Regulations- Manufacturers’ instructions- Approved Code of Practice (ACoP)- Control of Substances Hazardous to Health (COSHH).

FactorsStarting point, finishing point, centring, doors,features/obstacles, internal and external angles,sockets/switches, ceiling rose, borders, window reveals, natural light source.

Carry out the work in accordance with current and relevant environmental and health and safety regulations.


State the personal protective equipment (PPE) requirements for applying standard papers to ceilings and walls.

State the potential hazards associated with applying standard papers to ceilings and walls and how to prevent breaches in Health and Safety using risk assessment.

Describe the different factors to beconsidered when planning to apply papers to ceilings and walls.

3.3

3.4

4.1

4.2

4.3

4. Know how to applystandard papers toceilings and walls.





55

CircumstancesSolvent-borne painted wall, excessive making good, type of finishing paper, surface damp and movement.

CalculatingSet/straight match, drop/offset match, random/free match.

Cutting considerations:- pattern type (bold with prominent repeat, small or indefinite pattern), pattern match (set/straight, offset/drop), batches, wastage, shading.

Reasons including:Occasions:- first drop on wall, after internal/external angle, over and around reveals, after a door frame, features/obstacles.Position:- horizontal, vertical.Method:- spirit level, plumb bob, chalk and line, laser level.Considerations:- access required, light source, room dimensions, economy.

Pasting Methods:- pasting machine, brush, roller, ready-pasted.Standard Papers:- foundation (lining and preparatory), wood ingrain, embossed, blown vinyl, washable, vinyl, ready-pasted, paste the walls, borders.

Post application faults:- dry edges, blistering, delaminating, joint gapping, pastestaining, polishing, sheen patches, staining, tearing.

Describe the circumstances under whichlining and/or preparatory papers arenecessary.

Describe how to use the girthing and area methods of calculating the quantity of paper for a range of pattern types.

Describe the different cuttingconsiderations when applying papers to ceilings and walls.

Describe the reasons for marking lines for:• occasions• position• method• consideration

Describe the suitable pasting methods for a range of papers.

Describe the faults that can be caused by careless pasting.

4.4

4.5

4.6

4.7

4.8

4.9





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Methods:- shears, knife and straight edge.Wall finishes: - painted, papered.

Hanging processesPaper types:- foundation (lining and preparatory), wood ingrain, embossed, blown vinyl, washable, vinyl, ready-pasted, paste the walls, borders.Pattern types:- set/straight match, drop/offset match, random/free match.Complexities:- internal and external angles, sockets/switches, ceiling rose, window reveals, chimney breasts.Cutting methods:- star and half star cuts, borders to walls with mitre cuts,splicing, purposely delaminating blown vinyl.

Defects:- creasing, inaccurate angle cutting, loss of emboss, mould growth, delamination, blisters, soaking time (insufficient and excessive), overlapping, poor matching, shading, tearing.

PPE In relation to Collective and Personal measures:- collective protective measures.- personal protective equipment (PPE).- respiratory protective equipment (RPE).

Describe the reasons for selecting concertina and end-to-end/lap folds for horizontal and vertical lengths.

Describe the method for trimming waste from ceiling length ends for different wall finishes.

Describe a range of different hangingprocesses for applying different paper and pattern types to ceilings and walls.

Explain the causes of a range of defects associated with paper hanging and how they can be prevented.

Select and use appropriate personalprotective equipment (PPE) when applying standard papers to ceilings and walls.

4.10

4.11

4.12

4.13

5.15. Be able to apply standardpapers to ceilings andwalls.





57

Planning considerations:- starting point, finishing point, centring (symmetrical balance of pattern), focal point, doors, features/obstacles, internal andexternal angles, sockets/switches, ceiling rose, borders,reveals.

Select appropriate access equipment considering: - ground factors, height, type and duration of work, weather conditions, internal/external locations, access and egress.

-

Tools and equipment could include:- tape measure/folding ruler, trimming knife, plumb bob, spirit level, laser level, paperhanging shears, sponges,paperhanging brush, caulker, pencil, spatulas, accessequipment, paste brush, buckets, rubbish containers/bags, metal straight edge, chalk and line, paste table.

Pattern types could include:- set/straight match, offset/drop match, random/free match. Calculate methods could include: - girthing and area methods.

-

Plan the position of hanging paper to ceilings and walls.

Select the appropriate access equipment in accordance with organisationalprocedures.

Position and erect appropriate accessequipment in accordance with legislation and official guidance.

Select the appropriate application tools and equipment to carry out the task.

Calculate the required quantities of a range of pattern types using different methods.

Shade, measure and cut batches of lengths with minimum wastage.

5.2

5.3

5.4

5.5

5.6

5.7





58

Measure and Mark including:Occasions:- first drop on wall, after internal/external angle, over and around reveals, after a door frame.Position:- horizontal, vertical.Method:- spirit level, plumb bob, chalk and line, laser level.Considerations:- access required, light source, room dimensions, economy.

Methods could include:- pasting machine, brush, roller, ready pasted.Pasting factors could include:- mixing consistency, application sequence.- faults (misses, excess paste, paste staining, discolouration). - folds (end to centre, concertina).

Paper types:- foundation (lining and preparatory), wood ingrain, embossed, blown vinyl, washable/vinyl, ready-pasted, paste the walls, borders.Pattern types:- set/straight match, drop/offset match. Processes:- complexities (internal and external angles, sockets/switches, ceiling rose, reveals).- cutting methods (star and half star cuts, borders to walls and mitre cuts, splicing).Defects: - creasing, overlaps, blisters, tears, delamination, polished edges, open joints, loose edges, irregular cutting (chewing, snagging), inaccurate matching, flattening of emboss,staining/surface marking, corners incorrectly negotiated, inaccurate plumbing.

Measure and mark lines to hang to, taking into account:• occasions• position• method• different considerations.

Apply paste using different methods, fold lengths and soak according tomanufacturers’ instructions and taking into account a range of pasting factors.

Apply and finish a range of papers andpattern types to ceilings and walls using appropriate processes and with minimum defects.

5.8

5.9

5.10





59

Health and Safety considerations could include:- electrical safety- sharp blades- Control of Substances Hazardous to Health (COSHH)- Work at Height Regulations.

Considerations: - racks, wrapping and dust, shelf-life, stock rotation.

Effects:- discolouration, deterioration of paper, inability to use.

Reclaim:- correct storage of paper for repeat use, matching, defects, maintenance, repairs and re-doing.- depending on type of adhesive - ready mixed would be used for future projects and mixed paste could be used as a size.

StoreWell ventilated areas, frost free, racking, stock rotation/shelf life, temperature.

Carry out the work and dispose of waste in accordance with current and relevantenvironmental and health and safetyregulations.

State the physical considerations relating to the storage of standard papers andadhesives.

State the effect of atmospheric conditions on papers.

Reclaim unused papers and adhesives.

Store papers and adhesives in accordance with organisational procedures.

5.11

6.1

6.2

7.1

7.2

6. Know how tostore materials.

7. Be able to store materials.





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Preparation processesWet abrading, dry abrading, making good, spot priming.

Defects - uneven colour, ropiness, sinking, bittiness.

Application methodsStipple brush, roller, brush, spray.Quality- spray and roller creates a smoother finish.- stiple brush eliminates marks from brushes.

Appropriate Coating types- oil or acrylic paints with a non permeable finish.


State the personal protective equipment (PPE) requirements for producing specialist decorative finishes.

Describe the appropriate preparationprocesses used prior to the application of ground coats for decorative work.

Describe the defects that may occur in a range of decorative work if the ground coat finish is not of a high quality.

Describe how application methods affect the quality of the ground coat/decorative finish.

Describe the appropriate coating types for use as ground coats for painted decorative work.


1.1

1.2

1.3

1.4

1.5

1.6

1. Know how to preparesurfaces and producequality ground coatsfor specialistdecorative finishes.




Unit content: CSA-L2Occ50 Produce specialist decorative finishes

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Prepare surfaces:- untreated and/or previously painted timber, plaster and/or plasterboard, embossed/relief paper.Abrasives could include:- silicon carbide, aluminium oxide, finishing papers. Preparation processes could include:- wet abrading, dry abrading, making good, spot priming.

Tools and equipment could include:- hair stipplers, rollers, rubbing blocks, buckets, sponges,dusting brush, paint brushes (natural bristle and synthetic filament), tack rags, stirrers, paint strainers, kettles.

Materials- fillers, water-borne: mid sheen, vinyl silk, acrylic eggshell. Solvent borne: - primer, eggshell, solvent-borne primer/eggshell.

Select and use appropriate personalprotective equipment (PPE) whenproducing specialist decorative finishes.


Prepare surfaces using a range of abrasives and preparation processes.

Select the appropriate tools and equipment to produce quality ground coat finishes.

Prepare and apply appropriate materials to produce quality ground coat finishes.

2.1

2.2

2.3

2.4

2.5

2. Be able to preparesurfaces and producequality ground coats forspecialist decorativefinishes.





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Health and Safety considerations could include:- electrical safety - sharp blades- Control of Substances Hazardous to Health (COSHH)- Work at Height Regulations.

HazardsRegulations and Codes of Practice:- Construction Health and Safety- The Work at Height Regulations- Manufacturers’ instructions- Approved Code of Practice (ACoP)- Control of Substances Hazardous to Health (COSHH).

Materials- barrier cream, embossed/relief paper.Solvent-borne: - glaze, oil colourant, white spirit, linseed oil, driers.Water-borne: - acrylic glaze, acrylic colourant, glycerine, proprietary retarding agents. Broken colour effects: - rag rolling (additive and subtractive), bagging (additive and subtractive), sponge stippling (additive and subtractive), dragging, glaze and wipe.

IngredientsGlazes - water and oil based scumbles. Scumble - glaze with colour added.

Methods- linseed oil, driers, glycerine, light spray, wet rag, proprietary retarding agents.


State the potential hazards associated with producing specialist decorative finishes and how to prevent breaches in Health andSafety using risk assessment.

Describe the appropriate materials required for producing a range of broken coloureffects.

State the ingredients of:• glazes• scumbles

Describe a range of methods of extending and reducing drying time of oil-based and acrylic scumbles.

2.6

3.1

3.2

3.3

3.4

3. Know how to producebroken colour effectsusing water-borneand solvent-bornescumbles.





63

Factors:- working time of material, yellowing, area size, number of operatives, finished pattern, environmental conditions. Materials:- barrier cream.Solvent-borne: - glaze, oil colourant, white spirit, linseed oil, driers.Water-borne: - acrylic glaze acrylic colourant, glycerine, proprietary retarding agents. Broken colour work:- rag rolling (additive and subtractive), bagging (additive and subtractive), sponge stippling (additive and subtractive), dragging, glaze and wipe.

AdvantageousMatching, defects, maintenance, repairs and redoing.

Methods- ensuring that there is enough time to complete the job and create the desired effect e.g. wet edge time.

Effect- water and oil based scumbles will dry too quickly allowing less workability and undesired effects.

Application faults:- loss of wet edge, banding/tracking, slip/skid marks.

-

Describe the different factors for theselection of materials for broken colour work.

Explain why it could be advantageous to prepare more than the calculated quantity of scumble for a piece of work.

Describe methods for producing a uniform effect when broad areas of broken colour are to be produced.

Describe the effect that incorrect viscosity of scumble has on the appearance of the finished work.

Describe how to prevent a range ofapplication faults.

Describe the difference between the terms opaque and translucent in relation to surface coatings.

3.5

3.6

3.7

3.8

3.9

3.10





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Problems:- damage to decorative effect, removal of ground coat.

Cleaning and storageTools and equipmentPaint brushes, hair stipplers, mohair roller, lint-free rag,chamois leather, dragging brushes, palettes, kettles.

Defects could include:- no visible coating defects (misses, ropiness, bits and nibs, undue texture).

Protection could include:- masking papers and films, masking tape, low tack tape.

Materials- barrier cream, embossed/relief paper.Solvent-borne: - glaze, oil colourant, white spirit, linseed oil, driers.Water-borne: - acrylic glaze acrylic colourant, glycerine, proprietary retarding agents. Broken colour work:- rag rolling (additive and subtractive), bagging (additive and subtractive), sponge stippling (additive and subtractive), dragging, glaze and wipe.Broken colour effects could include:- rag rolling (additive and subtractive), bagging (additive and subtractive), sponge stippling (additive and subtractive), dragging, glaze and wipe.

State problems created by the carelessremoval of masking materials.

Describe the cleaning and storageprocedures for a range of tools andequipment following use in oil-basedscumble glaze.

Check the suitability of ground coats fordefects and colour.

Set out areas for application of broken colour effects using suitable protection for adjacent areas.

Select and prepare appropriate materials to produce a range of broken colour effects.

3.11

3.12

4.1

4.2

4.3

4. Be able to producebroken colour effectsusing water-borne andsolvent-borne scumbles.





65

Tools and equipmentPaint brushes, hair stipplers, mohair roller, chamois leather, lint free cloth, cling film, natural sponges, dragging brush, palettes, kettles, plastic pots. Broken colour effects could include:- rag rolling (additive and subtractive), bagging (additive and subtractive), sponge stippling (additive and subtractive), dragging, glaze and wipe.

Broken colour effects that could include:- rag rolling (additive and subtractive), bagging (additive and subtractive), sponge stippling (additive and subtractive),dragging, glaze and wipe.

ProtectionMasking papers and films, masking tape, low tack tape.DisposeDiposed of in a correct and safe manner in accordance with procedures.

Tools and equipmentPaint brushes, hair stipplers, mohair roller, chamois leather, lint free cloth, cling film, natural sponges, dragging brush, palettes, kettles, plastic pots.


-

Select the appropriate tools and equipment to produce a range of broken coloureffects.

Produce uniform broken colour effects using oil based and acrylic scumbles.

Remove the protection used and dispose of waste products in accordance with legislation and official guidance.

Clean and maintain tools and equipment in an appropriate manner.


State the difference between positive and negative stencil types.

4.4

4.5

4.6

4.7

4.8

5.15. Know how to preparestencil plates from givendesigns and applystencils.





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MaterialsLinseed oil, shellac knotting.

-

Base materialsGlass plate, proprietary cutting mat.

Enlarging/reducing methodsAccurate measurement, grid, illuminated projection, photocopy.

ConsiderationsNumber of repeats/connections, location of doors, windows, corners, access requirements, room dimensions, stencil size, spacing, order of application.

-

-

Application faultsCreep, smudging, paint lifting, uneven weight of colour over repeats, bittiness, undue texture.

Describe the use of a range of materials for treating paper when manufacturing a stencil plate.

Explain why the whole stencil plate should be treated.

Describe the suitability of a range of base materials used for cutting stencil plates.

Describe a range of enlarging and reducing methods used for stencil designs.

Describe a range of planning considerations for setting out and applying stencils to wall areas.

Describe the purpose of chalk lines,centre/horizontal/vertical lines andregistration marks to mark out an area to be stencilled.

Describe the reasons for using masking and low tack tapes and proprietary sprayadhesive securing methods.

Describe how to prevent a range of common application faults.

5.3

5.4

5.5

5.6

5.7

5.8

5.9

5.10





MethodsTrace, pounce, photocopy, illuminated projection.

Describe the different methods oftransferring designs onto stencil platematerials of paper and proprietary stencil card.

5.2

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Tools and equipmentPencil, ruler/tape measure, chalk and line, stencil knife, craft knife, palette, stencil brushes.MaterialsChalk, tape, proprietary spray adhesive, water-borne paints, acetate and films.

MethodsTrace, pounce, photocopy, illuminated projection.

MaterialsDrawing paper, linseed oil, shellac knotting, mineral oil.

Stencil typesPositive, negative.Plate materialsTreated paper, treated card, proprietary stencil card.Base materialsGlass plate, proprietary cutting mat.Cutting considerationsCleanliness, hand position, knife angle, direction of cutting, blade sharpness, repair of broken ties, size and sequence of pattern (small areas and vertical lines first), free movement of stencil plate, margin widths’ base materials.

Planning considerationsNumber of repeats/connections, location of doors, windows, corners, access requirements, room dimensions, stencil size, spacing.

Select the appropriate tools, equipment and materials to carry out the work.

Use a range of methods to transfer given designs to stencil plate material.

Prepare stencil plate materials, proprietary stencil card and paper, using a range of materials.

Cut out a range of stencil types from plate materials with accurate and clean cut design and strong ties and observing cuttingconsiderations.

Set out and mark out stencil locations for linear runs, borders and walls, demonstrating planning considerations.

6.1

6.2

6.3

6.4

6.5

6. Be able to preparestencil plates fromgiven designs and applystencils.





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AccurateAvoiding application faults including:Creep, smudging, paint lifting, uneven weight of colour over repeats, bittiness, undue texture.Stencil typesPositive or negative.

Tools and equipmentPencil, ruler/tape measure, chalk and line, stencil knife, craft knife, palette, stencil brushes.MaterialsChalk, tape, proprietary spray adhesive, water-borne paints, acetate and films.


ReasonsMatch existing work, availability (sustainability/restoration), weight, size, cost.

Wood effectsStraight grain only (oak, mahogany).Colours could include:British Standards, RAL.

-

Apply stencils with sharp outlines asaccurate linear and border work.

Clean and maintain tools and equipment in an appropriate manner.


State the reasons why various timbers and marbles are replicated.

State appropriate colours for the ground coats of a range of wood effects.

Describe the importance of using theappropriate colour ground coat.

6.6

6.7

6.8

7.1

7.2

7.3

7. Know how to producewood and marble effectsusing basic techniques.





69

Wood effects:Straight grain only (oak, mahogany).Marble effect: Carrara, Verte de Mer.IngredientsAt least one effect should be produced using oil based systems, using materials that could include:Oil based system: Oil based glaze, oil colourant, oil graining colour/medium, proprietary scumble, solvent-borne varnish, white spirit, linseed oil, driers.Water based system: Acrylic glaze, acrylic colourant, dry pigments, water graining colour/medium, glue size, crayons, binders (Fuller’searth/whiting, stale beer, vinegar), acrylic varnish, glycerine, proprietary retarding agents.

MaterialsFuller’s earth, detergent, whiting.

ToolsMetal/rubber/card combs, check/tick roller, natural sponges, feathers (e.g. goose-wing). BrushesRubbing in brushes, mixing brushes, fitches, floggers and dragging brushes, softeners (hog’s hair, badger), sable pencils and writers, varnish brushes.Wood effects:Straight grain only (oak, mahogany).Marble effect: Carrara, Verte de Mer.

State the ingredients used in oil-basedscumbles and water graining mediums for wood and marble effects.

State materials which will prevent cissing when applying water colour.

Describe the selection, purpose of andeffect produced by tools and brushes required to produce wood and marble effects.

7.4

7.5

7.6





70

ComponentsPanelled doors, windows, dado rails, narrow linear runs (i.e. architraves and skirtings), small wall panels.SequenceApply the paint in the same sequence that you wouldtechnically use in order to keep the wet edge and improve workability

ToolsMetal/rubber/card combs, check/tick roller, natural sponges, feathers (e.g. goose-wing). BrushesRubbing in brushes, mixing brushes, fitches, floggers anddragging brushes, softeners (hog’s hair, badger), sable pencils and writers, varnish brushes.

DefectsNo visible coating defects (misses, ropiness, bits and nibs, undue texture).

Colourants including:Artists oil, acrylics, poster colours, powder pigment, universal stainers.Pigments including:Various colours.

Describe the sequence of graining a range of structural components.

Describe the cleaning, maintenance and storage of tools and brushes.

Check the suitability of ground coats fordefects and colour.

Select suitable colourants and pigmentsappropriate for the following:• Wood effects - straight grain oak andmahogany • Marble effects - Carrara and Verte de Mer

7.7

7.8

8.1

8.2

8. Be able to producewood and marbleeffects using basictechniques.





71

IngredientsAt least one effect should be produced using oil based systems, using materials that could include:Oil based system: Oil based glaze, oil colourant, oil graining colour/medium,proprietary scumble, solvent-borne varnish, white spirit, linseed oil, driers.Water based system: Acrylic glaze, acrylic colourant, dry pigments, water graining colour/medium, glue size, crayons, binders(Fuller’s earth/whiting, stale beer, vinegar), acrylic varnish, glycerine, proprietary retarding agents.

ToolsMetal/rubber/card combs, check/tick roller, natural sponges, feathers (e.g. goose-wing).BrushesRubbing in brushes, mixing brushes, fitches, floggers/dragging brushes, softeners (hog’s hair, badger), sable pencils andwriters, varnish brushes.Equipment Lint-free rag, palette knives, palettes, kettles, plastic pots.

ProcessesOil-in or rubbing in, flogging, combing, veining, softening,glazing, stippling, wiping out.

Prepare a range of graining and marbling materials to carry out the work.

Select the appropriate tools, brushes and equipment to carry out the work.

Produce the following effects using theappropriate processes:• Wood effects - straight grain oak andmahogany • Marble effects - Carrara and Verte de Mer

8.3

8.4

8.5





72

Clean and maintainToolsMetal/rubber/card combs, check/tick roller, natural sponges, feathers (e.g. goose-wing).BrushesRubbing in brushes, mixing brushes, fitches, floggers/dragging brushes, softeners (hog’s hair, badger), sable pencils andwriters, varnish brushes.Equipment Lint-free rag, palette knives, palettes, kettles, plastic pots.


-

PurposeEnhance the ability to create a straight line effectively.

Clean and maintainToolsMetal/rubber/card combs, check/tick roller, natural sponges, feathers (e.g. goose-wing).BrushesRubbing in brushes, mixing brushes, fitches, floggers/dragging brushes, softeners (hog’s hair, badger), sable pencils andwriters, varnish brushes.Equipment Lint-free rag, palette knives, palettes, kettles, plastic pots, ruler, chalk line, lining fitch, straight edge (chamfered, square-edge), sash tool, mohair pad.

Clean and maintain tools, brushes andequipment in an appropriate manner.


Describe the different usage of chamfered and square-edge straight edges.

Describe the purpose of a sash tool when applying painted bands.

Describe appropriate cleaning and maintenance of tools and equipment.

8.6

8.7

9.1

9.2

9.3

9. Know how to formpainted lines and bands.





73

Tools and equipment Lint-free rag, palette knives, palettes, kettles, plastic pots, ruler, chalk line, lining fitch, straight edge (chamfered, square-edge), sash tool, mohair pad.MaterialsChalk, water-borne paint.

-

-

-

Tools and equipment Ruler, chalk line, lining fitch, straight edge (chamfered,square-edge), sash tool, mohair pad.

Suitability considerationsClean, keyed, porous, non-porous, sealed, distemper, loose friable surfaces, new plasterboard, awareness of asbestos content in early coatings.

Select the appropriate tools, equipment and materials.

Set out lines and bands according to the work instructions.

Prepare water-borne paint of appropriate viscosity.

Form straight lines and bands of uniform thickness, using water-borne paint according to the work instructions.

Clean, maintain and store tools andequipment.

Describe the suitability of a surface toreceive a texture coating and why.

10.1

10.2

10.3

10.4

10.5

11.1

10. Be able to form paintedlines and bands.

11. Know how to producebasic textured finishes bybrush and roller.





74

Texture designsStipple, bark, swirl, broken leather. Texture materialsPowder, ready-mix and related high-build products. Masking and protectionMasking paper, polythene sheets, drop sheets, self-adhesive masking paper, dust sheet (various types). ReasonsNew build, fashion trends, working time, cost. Jointing materialsScrim, paper tape, edge tape, caulker.


Texture designsStipple, bark, swirl, broken leather.ConsistencyTo create the desired effect depending on specification e.g Bark - to be thicker, Broken leather - to be thinner.

Purpose and timing- to create the desired effect depending on specification. - lacing and applying a margin.

EffectsAdverse effect on drying times which can create surface and finish defects.

FactorsClean, keyed, porous, non-porous, sealed.

Explain the suitability and reasons forselection of a range of: • texture materials and designs• masking and jointing materials

State the personal protective equipment (PPE) that must be used to reduce the risk from the hazards involved with the mixing of powdered textured materials.

Explain the importance of materialconsistency when producing texturedesigns.

Explain the purpose and the timing forfinishing processes.

Describe the effects of high temperature and ventilation when applying texture paint and on the wet texture finish.

Check factors relating to surface suitability and rectify if required.

11.2

11.3

11.4

11.5

11.6

12.112. Be able to producebasic textured finishesby brush and roller.





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ToolsPaddle/bumper, wall brushes, bark roller, lacer, rubber stipple brush.EquipmentAccess equipment/working platform, buckets, sponges, plastic bag.

ProtectionPlastic sheeting, hessian, clean working platforms, cleanmortar boards, cover resources, protect decorative features (stonework/plinths), barriers to isolate work area, signage, weeping/ hosing down.

-

Texture designsBroken leather, and two of stipple, bark, swirl (one to be laced).

Clean and maintainToolsPaddle/bumper, wall brushes, bark roller, lacer, rubber stipple brush.EquipmentAccess equipment/working platform, buckets, sponges, plastic bag.

Regulations and Codes of Practice:- Personal protective Equipment (PPE)- Construction Health and Safety- The Work at Height Regulations 2005- Manufacturers’ instructions- Approved Code of Practice (ACoP)- Control of Substances Hazardous to Health (COSHH).

Select the appropriate tools and equipment suitable for the texture design to beproduced.

Protect areas adjacent to the work in anappropriate manner.

Prepare texture materials (powder orready-mixed) to a consistency suitable for the design.

Apply texture material to ceilings and/or walls and produce a range of brush or roller texture designs.

Clean and maintain tools, brushes and equipment in an appropriate manner.


12.2

12.3

12.4

12.5

12.6

12.7





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Domestic factors:Door and window furniture, wall-mounted fixtures and fittings, air quality within the work area, room furniture, floor coverings.Commercial factors:Workstations, lighting, machinery, equipment, furniture, public access to premises, climate/weather, temperature, air quality within the work area, ventilation, debris.

Properties of masking tapes:- exterior, interior, low-tack, crepe, 7 day.

Masking tapes:- exterior, interior, low-tack, crepe, 7 day.Procedure:- continuous masking by overlapping each previously applied strip, starting at first area to be sprayed, use of maskingmachines.

Protective sheeting:Polythene sheets, dust sheets (lightweight, protective backing, heavy duty), drop sheets, tarpaulin, self-adhesive protection and new technologies.

Maintenance and storage requirementsKept clean, folded up and stored in a dry, clean and suitable environment to enable effective reuse.Protective sheetingPolythene sheets, dust sheets (lightweight, protective backing, heavy duty), drop sheets, tarpaulin.

Describe the domestic and commercial factors that need to be considered when preparing the work area in these types of environments.

Describe the properties of a range ofmasking tapes and their appropriate uses.

Describe the procedure and sequence for applying and removing masking tapes.

Compare a range of protective sheeting and their appropriate uses.

Describe the maintenance and storagerequirements for protective sheeting.

1.1

1.2

1.3

1.4

1.5

1. Know how to prepare thework area for applyingpaint systems using highvolume low pressure(HVLP) spray equipment.





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MaterialsMasking paper, masking machine, masking shield, dust sheets (lightweight, protective backing, heavy duty), self-adhesive masking paper, drop sheets, polythene sheets, tarpaulin.

-


Protect the work and its surrounding areas ready for spray painting in accordance with organisational procedures.

Select appropriate materials to protectadjacent surfaces, furniture and fittings.

Set up adequate local extract ventilation (LEV) and natural ventilation for the work area.

1.6

2.1

2.2

2.4

2. Be able to prepare thework area for applyingpaint systems using highvolume low pressure(HVLP) spray equipment.





Protective materialsMasking paper, masking machine, masking shield, dust sheets (lightweight, protective backing, heavy duty), self-adhesive masking paper, drop sheets, polythene sheets, tarpaulin.

2.3 Position and fix protective materials.

78

Spray system typesAir spray high volume low pressure (HVLP), gravity feed,suction feed, pressure feed.

Pressure pot componentsContainer, lid, clamps, seal, air inlet valve, pressure regulator, pressure gauge, safety valve, fluid delivery tube, fluid outlet valve (where applicable).

Component partsTurbine unit, high volume (HV) airline, gravity feed gun, suction feed gun, pressure feed gun, fluid line, airline, transformer, pressure pot, set-up (fluid tip, fluid needle, air cap), aircompression outfit (ACO), extension cable.Spray gun componentsSpray gun body, air inlet connector, air valve, trigger, air baffle, air cap, fluid needle, fluid tip, fluid needle packing, spreader control valve (where appropriate), fluid needle adjuster.

Component partsTurbine unit, high volume (HV) airline, gravity feed gun, suction feed gun, pressure feed gun, fluid line, airline, transformer, pressure pot, set-up (fluid tip, fluid needle, air cap), aircompression outfit (ACO), extension cable.Spray system typesAir spray high volume low pressure (HVLP), gravity feed,suction feed, pressure feed.

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-

Describe the features of a range of spray system types.

Describe the function of a range of pressure pot components.

Describe the function of a range ofcomponent parts.

Describe the assembly sequence forcomponent parts and the different spray system types.

Describe the adjustment procedures toensure the correct spray application.

Explain why an air pressure check at the nozzle is required.

3.1

3.2

3.3

3.4

3.5

3.6

3. Know how to set up highvolume low pressure(HVLP) spray equipmentfor spray application.





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Health and safety considerations could include:- Personal protective Equipment (PPE)- Construction Health and Safety- The Work at Height Regulations 2005- Manufacturers’ instructions- Approved Code of Practice (ACoP)- Control of Substances Hazardous to Health (COSHH).

Including one of the following high volume low pressure (HVLP) systems: - gravity feed.- suction feed.- pressure feed.

System componentsTurbine unit, high volume (HV) airline, gravity feed gun, suction feed gun, pressure feed gun, fluid line, airline, transformer, pressure pot, set-up (fluid tip, fluid needle, air cap), aircompression outfit (ACO), extension cable.Spray gun componentsSpray gun body, air inlet connector, air valve, trigger, air baffle, air cap, fluid needle, fluid tip, fluid needle packing, spreader control valve (where appropriate), fluid needle adjuster.

System componentsTurbine unit, high volume (HV) airline, gravity feed gun, suction feed gun, pressure feed gun, fluid line, airline, transformer, pressure pot, set-up (fluid tip, fluid needle, air cap), aircompression outfit (ACO), extension cable.Spray gun componentsSpray gun body, air inlet connector, air valve, trigger, air baffle, air cap, fluid needle, fluid tip, fluid needle packing, spreader control valve (where appropriate), fluid needle adjuster.

Describe a range of health and safetyconsiderations when working with highvolume low pressure (HVLP) systems.

Select the appropriate high volume lowpressure (HVLP) spray system type to carry out the work.

Select the appropriate system and spray gun component parts for the suitable spray system type.

Assemble component parts to produce high volume low pressure (HVLP) working units.

3.7

4.1

4.2

4.3

4. Be able to set up highvolume low pressure(HVLP) spray equipmentfor spray application.





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Environmental compliance including: - Occupational noise exposure.- Occupational health and safety.


HazardsRegulations and Codes of Practice:- Personal protective Equipment (PPE)- Construction Health and Safety- The Work at Height Regulations- Manufacturers’ instructions- Approved Code of Practice (ACoP)- Control of Substances Hazardous to Health (COSHH).

Material Viscosity- to operate without problems and create the desired effects correctly.Equipment- Viscometer (ford cup), ratio stick.

EffectsCreating undesired effects such as runs and sags in a humid atmosphere or rapid drying of the paint in high temperatures. Drying processesWater borneEvaporation, coalescence, oxidation.Solvent borne Varporation, oxidation, polymerisation.

Load paint materials, test and adjustequipment for correct set up.

Check that the nozzle air pressure meets environmental compliance.

State the personal protective equipment (PPE) requirements for applying water-borne paint systems using high volume lowpressure (HVLP) spray equipment.

State the potential hazards associated with applying water-borne and solvent-borne paint systems using high volume low pressure (HVLP) spray equipment and how to prevent breaches in Health and Safety using risk assessment.

Describe the importance of correct material viscosity and how to adjust and check it in relation to temperature.

Describe the effects of temperature,humidity and ventilation on the viscosity and drying process of surface coatings.

4.4

4.5

5.1

5.2

5.3

5.4

5. Know how to applywater-borne coatings byhigh volume lowpressure (HVLP) spray.





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ImportanceDistance adjustment, speed of movement, parallel movement, triggering, internal corners, pipework, external corners (stripe coat), other surface obstructions.

Surface protectionEnsuring that the coating is adequate and fit for purpose.



EquipmentViscometer (ford cup), ratio stick.

EquipmentLoaded and ready to use high pressure low volume (HVLP) system, wet film thickness (WFT) gauge, dry film thickness (DFT) gauge, masking shield, personal protective equipment (PPE), respiratory protective equipment (RPE).

Describe the potential problems which could arise from using unstrained paint.

Describe the importance of using a range of application techniques to apply water-borne coatings.

Describe how wet film thickness (WFT) and dry film thickness (DFT) affect surfaceprotection.

List the appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE) and respiratory protective equipment (RPE) required when applying paint by high volume low pressure (HVLP) equipment.

Select and use appropriate personalprotective equipment (PPE) when applyingwater-borne paint systems using high volume low pressure (HVLP) spray equipment.

Prepare paint materials using suitableequipment to establish appropriate viscosity and straining.

Select the appropriate equipment required to apply surface coatings in accordance with the work instructions.

5.5

5.6

5.7

5.8

6.1

6.2

6.3

6. Be able to applywater-borne coatings by high volume low pressure (HVLP) spray.





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High Volume Low Pressure System (HVLP)Without defects which could include:- runs, sags, dry spray, banding, overspray, orange peel.

Application techniquesDistance adjustment, speed of movement, parallel movement, triggering, internal corners, pipework, external corners(stripe coat), other surface obstructions.

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Regulations and Codes of Practice:- Personal protective Equipment (PPE)- Construction Health and Safety- The Work at Height Regulations 2005- Manufacturers’ instructions- Approved Code of Practice (ACoP)- Control of Substances Hazardous to Health (COSHH).

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Equipment faultsElectrical failure, dirty air cap, needle packing, fluid tip or needle (loose, damaged or worn), incorrect set-up (fluid tip), fluttering, defective spray patterns, fluid leakage, kinked hoses, spluttering.

Material faultsContamination, incorrect viscosity.

Operate the high volume low pressure system (HVLP) system to apply water borne coatings.

Use a range of application techniques toapply surface coatings in accordance with the work instructions.

Shut down equipment temporarily to make adjustments.

Check for wet film thickness (WFT) where appropriate.


Remove protective materials in a suitable manner upon completion of the paintapplication.

Describe a range of potential equipment faults and explain correction and prevention procedures.

Describe potential material faults andexplain correction and preventionprocedures.

6.4

6.5

6.6

6.7

6.8

6.9

7.1

7.2

7. Know how to rectify faultsin spray equipment anddefects in appliedcoatings.





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DefectsRuns, sags, dry spray, banding, overspray, orange peel.

Spray terminologyLitres per minute, p.s.i, volumetric delivery, volumetricconsumption, triggering, arcing, overlapping, spray distance, gun set-up, pressure drop.

Rectification procedures could include:- shutdown, dismantle, clean, replace, reassemble, set up the system, adjust the system.Equipment faults could include:- electrical failure, dirty air cap, needle packing, fluid tip or needle (loose, damaged or worn), incorrect set-up (fluid tip), fluttering, defective spray patterns, fluid leakage, kinked hoses, spluttering.

Material faultsContamination, incorrect viscosity.

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Safety Factors- Shutting down the machine correctly.- Health and Safety according to the organisational and standard procedures.

Correct sequenceShut down system, remove container, empty container, flush out container with appropriate thinner, recharge withappropriate thinner, reconnect and restart system, spray through gun to flush, shut down, repeat procedure until flushing thinner is clean, shut down system, disassemble component, clean and dry components, lubricate where required,reassemble, store.

Describe the causes and remedies of a range of defects in applied coatings.

Describe what is meant by a range of spray terminology.

Rectify a specified range of equipment faults using the appropriate rectificationprocedures.

Rectify material faults using appropriaterectification procedures.

Adjust application techniques to ensure a good quality finish is achieved.

List the safety factors that must beobserved when operating shutdownprocedures.

Describe the correct sequence for cleaning and flushing the high volume low pressure (HVLP) system being used.

7.3

7.4

8.1

8.2

8.3

9.1

9.2

8. Be able to rectify faultsin spray equipment anddefects in appliedcoatings.

9. Know how to clean,maintain and store highvolume low pressure(HVLP) spray equipmentand materials.





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Maintenance and storage requirements:- Maintained correctly and cleaned before storage.- Kept in a dry environment. - Stored safely in accordance with organisational requirements and manufacturers instructions.

Legislation:- Health and Safety at Work Act- Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)- Control of Substances Hazardous to Health (COSHH)- Health and Safety Executive (HSE).

Safety Factors- Shutting down the machine correctly.- Health and Safety according to the organisational and standard procedures.Correct sequenceShut down system, remove container, empty container, flush out container with appropriate thinner, recharge with appropriate thinner, reconnect and restart system, spray through gun to flush, shut down, repeat procedure until flushing thinner is clean, shut down system, disassemble component, clean and dry components, lubricate where required, reassemble, store.

Materials - water-borne coatings, solvent, rags, lubricants.

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Describe the appropriate requirements for the maintenance and storage of sprayequipment.

State the different relevant legislationsources relating to the disposal of waste.

Shut down spray equipment in a safe and appropriate manner.

Empty container and dispose of a range of materials in accordance with legislation and official guidance.

Clean interior and exterior surfaces,lubricating appropriate component parts, ready for storage.

9.3

9.4

10.1

10.2

10.3

10. Be able to clean,maintain and store highvolume low pressure(HVLP) spray equipmentand materials.





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Legislation:- Health and Safety at Work Act- Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)- Control of Substances Hazardous to Health (COSHH)- Health and Safety Executive (HSE).

Store high volume low pressure (HVLP) spray equipment according to manufacturers’ instructions.

Work to current requirements of health and safety and environmental legislation.

10.4

10.5





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Disposal of waste

Hazards

Health and safety control equipment

Information sources

Legislation and officialguidance

Maintenance

Protect work

Resources

Safe working practices

Environmental responsibilities, organisational procedures, manufacturers’ information, statutory regulations and official guidance.

Identified by risk assessment, methods of work, manufacturers tech info, statutory regulations and official guidance.

Identified by the principles of protection for occupational use, types and purpose of each type, work situations andgeneral work environment:- collective protective measures- personal protective equipment (PPE)- respiratory protective equipment (RPE)- local exhaust ventilation (LEV).

Specifications, schedules, method statements, risk assessments, manufacturers’ information and regulations governing buildings.

This relates to the operative’s responsibilities regarding potential accidents and health hazards whilst working in the workplace, below ground level, in confined spaces, at height, with tools and equipment, with materials and substances, with movement/storage of materials and by manual handling and mechanical lifting.

Operative care of hand tools and/or portable power tools and ancillary equipment.

Protect work against damage from general workplace activities, other occupations and adverse weather conditions

Materials, components and equipment relating to types, quantity, quality, sizes and the sustainability of standard and/or specialist resources. In relation to selection of resources, know and understand:- the characteristics, quality, uses, sustainability, limitations and defects associated with the resources and how defects should be rectified.- how the resources should be used and how any problems associated with the resources are reported.- the organisational procedures to select resources, why they have been developed and how they are used.- the hazards associated with the resources and the methods of work and how they are overcome.

Why, when and how health and safety control equipment should be used.

Additional Information

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Analogous Colours

Chisel knife

Glaze

Making good

Negative stencil

Outriggers

Pop ups

Positive stencil

Scumble

Skid Marks

Wood ingrain

Colours occupying any three consecutive colour segments on the wheel; they share strong undertones, creating a pleasing harmony.

Small 1 inch/25mm scraper used to assist operatives removing small drawing pins, staples etc during preparation of surfaces.

A glaze is transparent.

Preparing surfaces for decoration.

The opposite of a positive stencil, made by cutting out the background design.

Stabilisers on mobile tower scaffolds.

Small podium scaffold which can be collapsed down when not in use.

A stencil made by cutting out the design.

A thin, opaque coat of paint or layer of shading applied to give a softer or duller effect.

Roller head slides across surface during the application of coatings.

Wood chip paper.

Glossary of Terms

Term Definition

Documents

NOTES FOR GUIDANCE · The Notes for Guidance content provides further subject material for the programme of learning on what areas within the assessment criteria must be covered in