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8/14/2019 Notes de Franais
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Notes deFranais
8/14/2019 Notes de Franais
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TabledesMatires i. LesArticles (Articles)
ii. LesPronoms (Pronouns)
iii. LesVerbes (Verbs)
iv. LesVerbesModaux (ModalVerbs)
v. LesAdverbes Ngatifs (NegativeAdverbs)
vi. LesAdjectifs (Adjectives)
vii. LesAdverbes (Adverbs)
viii. PassCompos (PastTense)
ix. LeFutur (FutureTense)
x. Le Conditionnel (ConditionalCase)
xi. LImpratif (ImperativeCase)
xii. LesConjonctions (Conjunctions)
xiii. LesNombres (Numbers)
xiv. Couleurs, Formes,etGrosseurs (Colors,Shapes,andSizes)
xv. Lesmotions (Emotions)
xvi. LesExpressionsCourantes(CommonPhrases)
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LesArticles
masc. fem. pl. INDEFINITE un une desDEFINITE le la les
PARTITIVE* du dela des
*Partitivesomeorany
Afteradverbsofquantity,usede insteadofthepartitivearticle:
Ilyabeaucoupd e th.Thereisalotoftea.
J'aimoinsd e glacequeThierry.IhavelessicecreamthanThierry.
Inanegativeconstruction,thepartitivearticlechangestode ,meaning"(not)any":
J'aimangdelasoupe.Jen'aipasmangd e soupe.Iatesomesoup.Ididn'teatanysoup.
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LesPron omsPersonalPronouns
SUBJ ECT DIR.OBJ. INDIR.OBJ. REFLEXIVE STRESSED
je me* me* me* moi
tu te* te* te* toi
il le lui se lui
elle la elle
on soi
nous nous nous nous nous
vous vous vous vous vous
ils les leur se eux
elles elles
*Intheimperative,meandtesometimeschangetomoiandtoi
Y Pronoun
Yreplacesaprepositionalphrasebeginningwith,chez,ordans:
Tuvaslabanqueaujourdhui?Non,jyvaisdemain.
Areyougoingtothebanktoday?No,Imgoingtomorrow.
Nousallonsaumagasin.Teveuxyaller?
Weregoingtothestore.Doyouwanttogo?
Ycanalsoreplace+anounthatsnotaperson:
Jerspondsuneletter.Jyrsponds.
Imrespondingtoaletter.Imrespondingtoit.
Ilpensenotrevoyage.Ilypense.
Hesthinkingaboutourtrip.Hesthinkingaboutit.
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LesVerbesAuxiliaryVerbs tre tobe
jesuis noussommes
tues voustes
ilest ilssont
avoir tohavejai nousavons
tuas vousavez
ila ilsont
OtherCommonVerbs
aimer tolikejaime nousaimons
tuaimes vousaimez
ilaime ilsaiment
savoir toknow(fact)jesais noussavonstusais voussavez
ilsait ilssavent
manger toeatjemange nousmangeons
tumanges vousmangez
ilmange ilsmangent
allertogojevais nousallons
tuvas vousallez
ilva ilsvont
vouloir towantjeveux nousvoulons
tuveux vousvoulez
ilveut ilsveulent
pouvoirtobeableto(can)jepeux nouspouvonstupeux vouspouvez
ilpeut ilspeuvent
faire tomake/dojefais nousfaisons
tufais vousfaites
ilfait ilsfont
penser tothinkjepense nouspensons
tupenses vouspensez
ilpense ilspensent
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dire tosayjedis nousdisons
tudis vousdites
ildit ilsdisent
avoirbesointoneedjaibesoin nousavonsbesoin
tuasbesoin vousavezbesoin
ilabesoin ilsontbesoin
jouer toplayjejoue nousjouonstujoues vousjouez
iljoue ilsjouent
connatretoknow(person)jeconnais nousconnaissons
tuconnais vousconnaissez
ilconnat ilsconnaissent
croiretobelievejecrois nouscroyons
tucrois vouscroyez
ilcroit ilscroient
couter tolistenjcoute nouscoutons
tucoutes vouscoutezilcoute ilscoutent
donner togivejedonne nousdonnons
tudonnes vousdonnez
ildonne ilsdonnent
devoirtohaveto(must)jedois nousdevons
tudois vousdevez
ildoit ilsdoivent
attendretowaitforjattends nousattendons
tuattends vousattendez
ilattend ilsattendent
voir toseejevois nousvoyonstuvois vousvoyez
ilvoit ilsvoient
essayer totry/attemptjessaie nousessayons
tuessaies vousessayez
ilessaie ilsessaient
entendretohearjentends nousentendons
tuentends vousentendez
ilentend ilsentendent
har tohatejehais noushassons
tuhais voushassezilhait ilshassent
acheter tobuyjachte nousachetons
tuachtes vousachetez
ilachte ilsachtent
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LesVerbesModaux
Frenchdoesnothavemodalverbs,whichcanmakeitdifficulttotranslatethem.The
Frenchequivalentsofmodalverbsmaybeaconjugatableverb(e.g.,pouvoir),ora
tense,mood,oradverb.Notethat"could"and"would"canbeusedinthepresentand
past,withvariedmeanings.
can pouvo i r (presenttense) Icanhelpyou. Jepeuxvousaider.
Wecanseeit. Nouspouvonslevoir.
could(present) pouvo i r (conditional) Icoulddanceallnight. Jepourraisdanserpendanttoutelanuit. Couldyouhelpme? Pourriezvousm'aider?
could(past) pouvo i r (imperfect) Hecouldreadwhenhewasthree. Ilpouvaitlirequandilavaittroisans.
Lastyear,Icouldsleepuntilnoon
everyday.
L'annedernire,jepouvaisdormir
jusqu'miditouslesjours.
may,might peu t t r e , pouvo i r (conditional), s e p ou vo i r (present)
Shemay/mightarriveatnoon. Ellearriverapeuttremidi.
Ellepourraitarrivermidi.
Ilsepeutqu'ellearrivemidi.
must de vo i r (present) Imustleave. Jedoispartir.
Youmusthelpme. Vousdevezm'aider.
shall , will Frenchfuturetense Ishall/willhelpyou. Jevousaiderai.
Hewillarriveatnoon. Ilarriveramidi.
should/ought de vo i r (conditional) Ishould/oughttoleavesoon. Jedevraispartirbientt.
Youshould/oughttohelpme. Vousdevriezm'aider.
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LesAdverbesNgatifsTomakeasentencenegative,placeneinfrontoftheconjugatedverbandpas(orone
oftheothernegativeadverbs)afterit:
Jesuisriche.Jenesuispasriche.Iamrich.Iamnotrich.
tesvousfatigu?N'tesvouspasfatigu?Areyoutired?Arentyoutired?
Incompoundverbsanddualverbconstructions,thenegativeadverbssurroundthe
conjugatedverb(exceptfornullepart,whichfollowsthemainverb):
Jen'aipastudi.Ididn'tstudy.
Nousn'aurionspassu.Wewouldn'thaveknown.
Tun'avaispasparl?Youhadn'ttalked?
Ilneveutpasskier.Hedoesn'twanttoski.
Jenepeuxpasyaller.Ican'tgo.
Whenthereisanindefinitearticleorpartitivearticleinanegativeconstruction,the
articlechangestode ,meaning"(not)any":
J'aiunepomme.Jen'aipasd e pomme.IhaveanappleIdon'thaveanyapples.
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OtherNegativeAdjectives
ne . . . p a s enco re notyetIln'estpasencorearriv. Hehasnotarrivedyet.
ne . . . p a s t ou jou r s notalwaysJenemangepastoujoursici. Idon'talwayseathere.
ne . . . p a s du t ou t notatallJen'aimepasdutoutlespinards. Idon'tlikespinachatall.
ne . . . a u c unemen t notatall,innowayIln'estaucunementblmer. Heisinnowaytoblame.
ne . . . gu r e hardly,barely,scarcelyIln'yaguredemonde. There'shardlyanyonethere.
ne . . . j ama i s neverNousnevoyageonsjamais. Wenevertravel.
ne . . . nu l l emen t notatallIlneveutnullementvenir. Hedoesn'twanttocomeatall.
ne . . . nu l l e p a r t nowhereJenel'aitrouvnullepart. Icouldn'tfinditanywhere.
ne . . . p o i n t not(literaryequivalentofne...pas)Jenetehaispoint. Idon'thateyou.
ne . . . p l u s nomore,notanymoreVousn'ytravaillezplus. Youdon'tworkthereanymore.
ne . . . que onlyIln'yaquedeuxchiens. Thereareonlytwodogs.
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LesAdjectifsFrenchadjectivesareverydifferentfromEnglishadjectivesintwoways:
1. Frenchadjectiveschangetoagreeingenderandnumberwiththenounsthattheymodify,whichmeanstherecanbeuptofourformsofeachadjective:
Adjective:j o l i (pretty)Masculinesingularjoli
Femininesingularjolie
Masculinepluraljolis
Femininepluraljolies
2. InEnglish,adjectivesarealwaysfoundinfrontofthenoun,butmostFrenchadjectivesfollowthenountheymodify:
unlivrevertgreenbook
unprofesseurintelligentsmartteacher
ButtherearesomeFrenchadjectivesthatprecedethenoun:
unbeaugaronhandsomeboy
unpetitverresmallglass
MostFrenchadjectivesaddeforfeminineandsforplural.Thisruleappliesto
adjectivesthatendinmostconsonantsaswellasallvowelsexcepttheunaccentede:
Adjective:ve r t (green)Masculinesingularvert
Femininesingularverte
Masculinepluralverts
Femininepluralvertes
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Adjective:b l e u (blue)Masculinesingularbleu
Femininesingularbleue
MasculinepluralbleusFemininepluralbleues
Adjective:p i c (spicy)Masculinesingularpic
Femininesingularpice
Masculinepluralpics
Femininepluralpices
Whenthemasculinesingularadjectiveendsinanunaccentede,thereisnodifference
betweenthemasculineandfeminineforms:
Adjective:r ou ge (red)Masculinesingularrouge
Femininesingularrouge
Masculinepluralrouges
Femininepluralrouges
Whenthedefaultformoftheadjectiveendsinsorx,thereisnodifferencebetween
themasculinesingularandpluralforms:
Adjective:gr i s (grey)Masculinesingulargris
FemininesingulargriseMasculinepluralgris
Femininepluralgrises
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Adjectivesthatendinavowelpluslornusuallybecomefemininebydoublingthe
consonantbeforeaddinge:
Ending:e l e l l e Adjective:pe r s onne l (personal)MasculinesingularpersonnelFemininesingularpersonnelle
Masculinepluralpersonnels
Femininepluralpersonnelles
Ending:on o nn e Adjective:bon (good)Masculinesingularbon
Femininesingularbonne
MasculinepluralbonsFemininepluralbonnes
Adjectivesthatendineroretneedagraveaccent:
Ending:e r r e Adjective:c h e r (expensive)Masculinesingularcher
Femininesingularchre
MasculinepluralchersFemininepluralchres
Ending:e t t e Adjective:c omp l e t (full)Masculinesingularcomplet
Femininesingularcomplte
Masculinepluralcomplets
Femininepluralcompltes
Otherfinallettersleadtoveryirregularfeminineendings:
Ending:c ch e Adjective:b l a n c (white)Masculinesingularblanc
Femininesingularblanche
Masculinepluralblancs
Femininepluralblanches
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Ending:eu r eu s e Adjective:f l a t t eu r (flattering)Masculinesingularflatteur
Femininesingularflatteuse
Masculinepluralflatteurs
FemininepluralflatteusesEnding:eu x eu s e Adjective:heu r eu x (happy)
Masculinesingularheureux
Femininesingularheureuse
Masculinepluralheureux
Femininepluralheureuses
Ending: f v e Adjective:n e u f (new)Masculinesingularneuf
Femininesingularneuve
Masculinepluralneufs
Femininepluralneuves
Irregularplurals:Theendingalchangestoauxintheplural:
Adjective:i d a l (ideal)Masculinesingularidal
Femininesingularidale
Masculinepluralidaux
Femininepluralidales
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IrregularFrenchAdjectives
ThereareseveralFrenchadjectiveswhichhaveirregularfeminineandpluralforms,as
wellasaspecialformwhentheyareplacedinfrontofamasculinenounthatbegins
withavoweloramuteh:
unbelhommeahandsomeman
unvieilamianoldfriend
Singular PluralAdjective masc. vowel/h fem. masc. fem. beautiful beau bel belle beaux belles
new nouveau nouvel nouvelle nouveaux nouvelles
crazy fou fol folle fous folles
soft mou mol molle mous molles
old vieux vieil vieille vieux vieilles
1.PlacementafterthenounMostdescriptiveadjectivesareplacedafterthenountheymodify.Thesenormallyhave
ananalyticalmeaning,inthattheyclassifythenounintoacertaincategory.Thesetypes
ofadjectivesincludeshape,color,taste,nationality,religion,socialclass,andother
adjectivesthatdescribethingslikepersonalityandmood.
unetableronderoundtable
unlivrenoirblackbook
duthsucrsweettea
unefemmeamricaineAmericanwoman
uneglisecatholiqueCatholicchurch
unefamillebourgeoisemiddleclassfamily
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2.PlacementbeforethenounCertainadjectivesareplacedbeforethenoun,somewhichyoucanmemorizewiththe
acronym"BAGS":
BeautyAgeGoodandbadS ize
Thesedescriptorsandafewothersareconsideredinherentqualitiesofthenoun:
unejoliefilleprettygirl
unjeunehommeyoungman
unenouvellemaisonnewhouse
unbonenfantgoodchild
unpetitproblmesmallproblem
lessincrescondolancessincerecondolences
lesvaguespromessesvaguepromises
ungentilgaronkindboy
Inaddition,allnondescriptive(i.e.,demonstrative,indefinite,interrogative,negative,
andpossessive)adjectivesareplacedbeforethenoun:
ceslivresthesebooks
chaquepersonneeachperson
quelstylo?whichpen?aucunefemmenowoman
monenfantmychild
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3.PlacementdependsonmeaningSomeadjectiveshavebothafigurativeandananalytic(literal)senseandcanthusbe
placedoneithersideofthenoun.Whentheadjectiveisfigurative,itgoesbeforethe
noun,andwhenit'sanalytic,itgoesafterthenoun.
Figurative: mesvertesannesmygreen(fruitful)yearsLiteral: deslgumesvertsgreenvegetables
Figurative: ungrandhommeagreatmanLiteral: unhommegrandatallman
Figurative: untristeindividuasad(meanorbad)personLiteral: unindividutristeasad(crying)person
Figurative: monanciennecolemyold(former)schoolLiteral: moncoleanciennemyold(aged)school
Figurative: uncertainregardacertain(typeof)lookLiteral: unevictoirecertaineacertain(assured)victory
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LesAdverbesTherearemanydifferenttypesofFrenchadverbs:
adverbsoffrequency adverbsofmanner adverbsofplace adverbsofquantity adverbsoftime comparative/superlativeadverbs exclamativeadverbs indefiniteadverbs interrogativeadverbs negativeadverbs
TheplacementofFrenchadverbsdependstosomeextentuponthetypeofadverbandthewordthatitismodifying.
I . Shortadverbsthatmodifyaverbusuallyfollowtheconjugatedverb.(Rememberthatincompoundtenses,theauxiliaryverbistheconjugatedverb,so
theadverbfollowsthat.)
Nousmangeonsbien.
Nousavonsbienmang.
Nousallonsbienmanger.
Weeatwell.
Weatewell.
Wewilleatwell.
Ilfaitsouventlacuisine.
Ilasouventfaitlacuisine.
Ildoitsouventfairelacuisine.
Heoftencooks.
Heoftencooked.
Heoftenhastocook.
II . Adverbsof frequencyareusuallyplacedaftertheverb.Exception: parfoisisnormallyplacedatthebeginningofthesentence.
Jefaistoujoursmesdevoirs. Ialwaysdomyhomework.
Parfois,Lucnefaitpassesdevoirs. SometimesLucdoesn'tdohis
homework.
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III . Adverbsoftimewhichrefertospecific dayscanbeplacedatthebeginningorendofthesentence.
Aujourd'hui,jevaisacheterune
voiture.
Today,I'mgoingtobuyacar.
Ellesarriverontdemain. They'llarrivetomorrow.
IV. Longadverbsareusuallyplacedatthebeginningorend ofthesentence. Gnralement,nousmangeonsavant
17h00.
Normally,weeatbefore5pm.
Jenel'aipastrouv,malheureusement. Ididn'tfindit,unfortunately.
However,ifthelongadverbspecificallymodifiestheverb,itisplacedaftertheconjugatedverb. IlaimmdiatementquittParis. HeleftParisimmediately.
V. Adverbsofplaceareusuallyfoundafterthedirectobject. Ilamistonsacdoslbas. Heputyourbackpackoverthere.
J'aitrouvlelivreici. Ifoundthebookhere.
VI. Adverbswhichmodifyadjectivesorotheradverbsareplacedinfrontof thewordtheymodify.
Jesuistrsheureuse. I'mveryhappy. Chantalfaitassezsouventsesdevoirs. Chantaldoesherhomeworkfairlyoften.
VII.
Innegativeconstructions ,adverbswhichwouldnormallyfollowtheverbareplacedafterpas .
Jemangebien==>Jenemangepas
bien.
Ieatwell==>Idon'teatwell.
Tutravaillestrop==>Tunetravailles
pastrop.
Youworktoomuch==>Youdon'twork
toomuch.
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PassComposPasscomposhasthreeEnglishequivalents:
1. Idanced.(simplepast)2. Ihavedanced.(presentperfect)3. Ididdance.(pastemphatic)
Itconsistsoftwoparts:
1. presenttenseofauxiliaryverb(avoirortre)2. pastparticipleofmainverb
PastParticipleRules ERverbs: er+(Ex.parlerparl,allerall)
IRverbs: ir+i(Ex.finirfini,choisirchoisi)
REverbs: re+u(Ex.fonderfondu,vendrevendu)
SomeIrregularParticiplesavoir eu(tohave)tret(tobe)faire fait(tomake/do)vouloirvoulu(towant)dire dit(tosay)
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Examples treverbs(motion):Jaivu.Isaw.
Tuasparl.
Youspoke.
Legaronestsorti.
Theboywentout.
avoirverbs:Whentheauxiliaryverbisavoir ,thepastparticiplemustagreewiththedirectobjectifthedirectobjectprecedesthepastparticipleinthe
sentence.*
feminine e
plural s
fem.pl. es
Leshomessontarrivs .Themenarrived.
Lesfillessontvenue s .Thegirlscame.
Noussommeslev(e)s .Wegotup.
(extraeifnousreferstoagroupoffemales)
*J'aivul a vo i t u r e .Isawthecar.Jel 'aivue .
Isawit.(referringtothecar)
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LeFuturFutureVerbEndings:
je ai
tu as
il/elle a
nous ons
vous ez
ils/elles ont
ConjugationExamples ERverbs: parler tospeak Jeparlerai.Iwillspeak.
Tuparleras.Youwillspeak.
Ilparlera.Hewillspeak.
Nousparlerons.Wewillspeak.
Vousparlerez.Youwillspeak.
Ilsparleront.Theywillspeak.
REverbs: lire toread Jelirai.Iwillread.
Tuliras.Youwillread.
IRverbs: rougir toblush Jerougirai.Iwillblush
Turougiras.Youwillblush
SentenceExamplesER Jeparleraiavecmonprofesseur.IwillspeakwithmyprofessorRE Nouslironslejournal.Wewillreadthenewspaper.IR Vousrougirezsijevousracontelablague.YouwillblushifItellthejoke.
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IrregularStemChanges
acheter(tobuy)achter appeler(tocall)appeller aller(togo)ir avoir(tohave)aur devoir(tohaveto)devr envoyer(tosend)enverressayer(totry/attempt)essaier tre(tobe)ser faire(tomake/do)fer pleuvoir(torain)pleuvr pouvoir(tobeableto)pourr savoir(toknow)saur venir(tocome)viendrvoir(tosee)verr vouloir(towant)voudr
*Note: 1.
Thefuturestemalwaysendsinr.
2. Theexactsameverbsareirregularintheconditionalandusethesamestems.
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LeConditionnel
TheFrenchconditionalismainlyusedinsi(if)clauses,toexpresswhat
wouldhappenifaconditionweremet:
Ilmangeraits'ilavaitfaim.
Hewouldeatifhewerehungry.
Sinoustudiions,nousserionsplusintelligents.
Ifwestudied,(then)wewouldbesmarter.
Theverbvouloirisusedintheconditionaltoexpressapoliterequest(However,youcan'tsay"sivousvoudriez"tomean"ifyouwouldlike,"
becausetheFrenchconditionalcanneverbeusedaftersi.):
Jevoudraisunepomme.
Iwouldlikeanapple.
Jevoudraisalleravecvous.Iwouldliketogowithyou.
Theverbaimer isusedtoexpressapolitedesire,sometimesonethatcannotbefulfilled:
J'aimeraisbienlevoir!
Iwouldreallyliketoseeit!
J'aimeraisyaller,maisjedoistravailler
Iwouldliketogo,butIhavetowork.
*Verbsintheconditionalcaseareconjugatedthesameasinthefuturetense
(includingirregularverbs)
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LImpratifIRan dREverbs:
sameconjugationsaspresenttense
Finis!Finish!(2ndperson)
Finissez!Finish!(2ndpersonplural)
Lis!Read!(2ndperson)
Lisez!Read!(2ndpersonplural)
ERverbs:
nousandvousformssameaspresenttense tuformdropsthes
Mange!Eat!(2ndperson)
Mangez!Eat!(2ndpersonplural)
Neparlepas!Dontspeak!(2ndperson)
Neparlezpas!Dontspeak!(2ndpersonplural)
IrregularVerbs
avoir tre savoir vouloir(tu) aie sois sache veuille
(n ous) ayons soyons sachons (vous) ayez soyez sachez veuillez
Meandtechangetomoiandtoiandgetlinkedwithahyphen,andwhena
tucommandisfollowedbyyoren,thesisnotdropped:
Dismoi!Tellme!
Vasy!Goaway!
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LesConjonctionsTherearetwotypesofconjunctionsinFrench:
1. Coordinatingconjunctionsjoinwordsandgroupsofwordswithanequalvalue:
Coordinatingconjunctions car for,because donc so ensuitenext et and mais but or now,yet ou or oubienorelse puis then
J'aimelespommes,lesbananes,e t lesoranges.Ilikeapples,bananas,and oranges.
VeuxtuallerenFranceou enItalie?DoyouwanttogotoFranceor Italy?
Cen'estpascarrma i s rectangulaire.It'snotsquarebut rectangular.
Jeveuxlefaire,ma i s jen'aipasd'argent.Iwanttodoit,but Idon'thaveanymoney.
Faistesdevoirs,pu i s lavelavaisselle.Doyourhomework,then washthedishes.
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CertainFrenchcoordinatingconjunctionscanberepeatedinfrontofeachofthejoineditemsforemphasis: et. . . et both...and ne. . . ni . . . nineither...nor
ou. . . oueither...or soit . . . soiteither...or
Jeconnaise t JeanPaule t sonfrre.Iknowboth JeanPauland hisbrother.
Tupeuxou regarderlatlou joueraufoot.Youcaneither watchTVor playsoccer.
So i t avant,s o i t aprs,am'estgal.Eitherbeforeor after,Idon'tcare.
Iln e mangen i lavianden i leslgumes.Heeatsneithermeatnor vegetables.
2. Subordinatingconjunctionsjoindependentclausestomainclauses:
Frenchsubordinatingconjunctions commeas,since lorsquewhen puisquesince,as quand when que that si if
J'aiditq u e j'aimelespommes.Isaidthat Ilikeapples.
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C omm e tun'espasprt,j'yiraiseul.Sinceyou'renotready,I'llgoalone.
S i jesuislibre,jet'amnerail'aroport.If I'mfree,I'lltakeyoutotheairrort.
J'aipeurq u a n d ilvoyage.Iamscaredwhen hetravels.
FrenchConjunctivePhrases ainsi quejustas,soas alorsquewhile,whereas aprsque after,when aucaso incase dansl 'hypothseointheeventthat demmequejustas dsque assoonas encorequeeventhough
parceque because pendantquewhile quandbienmmeeventhough/if sittqueassoonas supposquesupposing tandisquewhile,whereas
Ilestpartipa r c e q u 'ilavaitpeur.Heleftbecause hewasafraid.
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LesNombres
0 zro1 un2 deux3 trois4 quatre5 cinq6 six7 sept8 huit9 neuf10 dix
11 onze12 douze13 treize14 quatorze15
quinze16 seize17 dixsept18 dixhuit19 dixneuf
Pronunciationnote:
TheconsonantsattheendoftheFrenchnumberscinq,six,huit,anddixarepronouncedwhenattheendofasentenceorinfrontofavowel.
However,theydropthefinalsoundwhenfollowedbyawordbeginning
withaconsonant(suchascent,mille,million,mois,orlivres).For
example,huitisnormallypronounced[weet]andhuitlvesis[wee
taylehv],but800ispronounced[weesa(n)].
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FortheFrenchnumbers20through59,countingisjustlikeinEnglish:
thetensword(vingt,trente,quarante,etc.)followedbytheonesword
(un,deux,trois).Theonlydifferenceisthatfor21,31,etc.,theword
et(and)isintroducedbetweenthetenswordandone:vingtetun,trenteetun,quaranteetun,etc.:
20 vingt21 vingtetun22 vingtdeux23 vingttrois
30 trente31 trenteetun32 trentedeux
40 quarante41 quaranteetun
50 cinquante51 cinquanteetun
TheFrenchnumbers60to69followthesamerulesas20to59:
60 soixante61 soixanteetun62 soixantedeux63 soixantetrois64 soixantequatre65 soixantecinq66 soixantesix67 soixantesept68 soixantehuit69 soixanteneuf
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Butthenwhen70rollsaround,insteadofanew"tens"word,soixanteis
keptandthe"ones"wordcontinuescountingfrom10:
70 soixantedix71 soixanteetonze72 soixantedouze73 soixantetreize74 soixantequatorze75 soixantequinze76 soixanteseize77 soixantedixsept78
soixantedixhuit79 soixantedixneuf
So70,soixantedixinFrench,isliterally"sixtyten".71issoixanteet
onze(sixtyandeleven),72issoixantedouze(sixtytwelve),andsoon,
upto79.
Thereisnowordfor"eighty"instandardFrench.Instead80isquatre
vingts,literallyfourtwenties(think"fourscore").81isquatrevingtun(fourtwentyone),82isquatrevingtdeux(fourtwentytwo),andsoon,
allthewayupto89:
80 quatrevingts81 quatrevingtun82 quatrevingtdeux83 quatrevingttrois84 quatrevingtquatre85 quatrevingtcinq86 quatrevingtsix87 quatrevingtsept88 quatrevingthuit89 quatrevingtneuf
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There'snowordforninetyeither,soyoucontinueusingquatrevingtand
addingfromten.90isquatrevingtdix(fourtwentyten),91isquatre
vingtonze(fourtwentyeleven),etc:
90 quatrevingtdix91 quatrevingtonze92 quatrevingtdouze93 quatrevingttreize94 quatrevingtquatorze95 quatrevingtquinze96 quatrevingtseize97 quatrevingtdixsept98 quatrevingtdixhuit99 quatrevingtdixneuf
InFrench,100to999workjustlikeinEnglishjustsayhowmany
hundredsandthenaddtheothernumbers.Notethatwhencentisatthe
endofthenumber,ittakesans,butwhenit'sfollowedbyanother
number,thesisdropped:
100 cent101 centun125 centvingtcinq200 deuxcents201 deuxcentun243 deuxcentquarantetrois2,000 deuxmille2,500 deuxmillecinqcents10,498 dixmillequatrecentquatrevingtdixhuit1,000,000 unmillion2,000,000 deuxmillions3,800,107 troismillionshuitcentmillecentseptabil l ionunmilliard
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Couleurs, Formes, et GrosseursColors
masc. sing. fem.sing. masc. plural fem.plural
purple violet violette violets violettesblue bleu bleue bleus bleuesgreen vert verte verts vertesyellow jaune jaune jaunes jaunesorange orange orange orange orangered rouge rouge rouges rougesblack noir noire noirs noireswhite blanc blanche blancs blanchesgrey gris grise gris grisesbrown marron marron marron marronpink rose rose roses roseslightblue bleuclair bleuclair bleuclair bleuclairdarkblue bleufonc bleufonc bleufonc bleufonc
Shapes
circle lecercleoval lovale
sq uare lecarrrectangle lerectangle
triangle letriangleheart lecoeurstar ltoile
Sizes
big grand(e),gros(se)small petit(e)
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Lesmotionschoqu(e) shockedcoquin(e) mischievouscoupable guiltydbordant(e)devie exuberantdgoutant(e) disgustingdprim(e) depressedeffray(e) scaredennuy(e) boredpuis(e) exhaustedexaspr(e) exasperated,aggravatedextatique ecstaticfach(e) angryfrustr(e) frustratedgen(e) uncomfortable,embarrassedheureux(euse) happyhonteux(euse) ashamedhystrique hystericaljaloux(ouse) jealousplein(e)d'espoir hopefulprtentieux(euse) pretentiousprudent(e) prudentsolitarie loneysoupconneux(euse) suspicioussur(e)desoi sureofoneself/selfconfidentsurpris(e) surprisedtimide timidtriste sadtroubl(e) disturbed,bothered
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LesExpressionsCourantes
Bon j o u r Hello(alsoGoodmorning/afternoon)Bon s o i r GoodeveningBonne n u i t GoodnightAu r e v o i r GoodbyeOu i YesN on NoPeu t t r e MaybeCommen t t a p p e l l e s t u ? Whatsyourname?J e m a pp e l l e MynameisS i l v ous p l a t PleaseMe r c i ThankyouMer c i b e a u coup ThankyouverymuchDe r i e n YourewelcomeCommen t a v a s ? Howareyou?T r s b i e n Verywell(good)Comme c i c omme a sosoE x c u s e z mo i ExcusemeBonne c h a n c e GoodluckI l y a Thereis/areJ e n e c omp r e nd s p a s IdontunderstandJ e n e s a i s p a s IdontknowD so l SorryO ? Where?Qua nd ? When?Commen t ? How?Pou r quo i ? Why?Qu i ? Who?O e s t ? Whereis?Comb i e n ? Howmuch/many?D a c c o r d OkayAu j ou r d hu i TodayDema i n TomorrowH i e r Yesterday