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September 21, 2016

Sep 11­4:39 PM Sep 11­4:39 PM

• The Universe started as a single point of

______________________________________

______________________________________ 

highly concentrated matter

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2.  This point was 

_____________________     ________________extremely dense

Density: the amount of mass contained in a certain volume.

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3.  It became unstable and exploded

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4.  This outward expansion 

_____________________     ________________continues today

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Timeline of Events

10­43 second:  Expands from size of an atom to a grapefruit

Temperature of Universe:  1027 oC

That's a whopping 1 octillion degrees !!!

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September 21, 2016

Sep 11­4:39 PM

Timeline of Events

10­32 second:  

Sub­subatomic particles, known as _______________ formquarks

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Timeline of Events

10­6 second:  (one ______________ second)micro

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Timeline of Events

10­6 second:  (one ______________ second)

Subatomic particles form:

micro

Protons

Neutrons

Electrons

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Timeline of Events

180 seconds:

Superhot fog, known as ____________________ forms

Temperature of Universe:  100 million oC

plasma

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Timeline of Events

300,000 years:

Cool enough for subatomic particles to form _____________

Temperature of Universe:  10,000 oC

atoms

Hydrogen (H)

Helium (He)

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Timeline of Events

1 billion years:

___________________ and _________________ gasses

coalesce (merge with each other) to form giant clouds of gas

and dust called _______________.

*** First _______________ and _________________ form.

Temperature of Universe:  ­200 oC

Hydrogen Helium

nebulaestars galaxies

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September 21, 2016

Sep 11­4:39 PM

Timeline of Events

2 billion years:  ____________  ___________ Galaxy forms

9 billion years: ____________  ____________ forms

9.5 billion years: _______________ forms

~14 billion years: Present Day

Temperature of Universe:  ­270 oC

Milky Waysolar system

Earth

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Approximate Ages of the:

Universe ~ 14 billion years old

Milky Way ~ ________ billion years old

Solar System ~ _________ billion years old

Earth ~ ___________ billion years old

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5

4.5

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Relative Sizes (based on total mass)

Rank from largest total mass to smallest:

_________________________________________

_________________________________________

_________________________________________

_________________________________________Earth

UniverseMilky Way

Solar System

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Evidence of Big Bang Expansion

1.  _____________________________________________

2.  _____________________________________________

     _____________________________________________

Red Shift

Cosmic MicrowaveBackground Radiation

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Red­Shift Evidence of Big Bang 

Wavelength:  the measured distance between                      the peak of one wave to the peak                       of the next.

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Red­Shift Evidence of Big Bang 

Sound travels in waves:

Compressed waves have a higher frequency (cps) (measured in Hertz)

Longer waves have a lower frequency 

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September 21, 2016

Sep 11­4:39 PM

Which has the higher frequency?

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Which has the shorter wavelength?

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Doppler Effect

As a “wave emitting” object:

approaches, wavelength will __________________________

retreats, wavelength will _____________________________

decrease

increase

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Doppler Effect

Sep 21­8:41 AM Sep 14­7:07 AM

What part of the electromagnetic spectrum has a longer wavelength,blue or red?

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September 21, 2016

Sep 11­4:39 PM

Light (and other forms of energy) are also waves

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Light (and other forms of energy) are also waves

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Universe is made up of _________________ of galaxies

Galaxies are made up of ________________ of stars

Stars transmit energy in the form of waves

Waves pass through “dust” which absorb (block) some wavelengths

billions

billions

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"dust" cloud(cool gas cloud)

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Spectroscopic Telescope

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September 21, 2016

Sep 11­4:39 PM

Astronomers study ________________________

____________________ to determine SHIFT

absorption

spectrums

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Sep 11­4:39 PM Sep 12­7:37 PM

ROY G. BIV

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ROY G. BIV

Red end of the spectrum has wavelengths that are

________________________________longer

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ROY G. BIV

Blue end of the spectrum has wavelengths that are

________________________________shorter

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September 21, 2016

Sep 11­4:39 PM

SHIFT

If detected wavelengths increase (get longer):

They shift toward the ______________ end of the spectrum

Therefore, the object is moving _______________________

This is known as _____________ SHIFT

redAWAY

RED

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SHIFT

If detected wavelengths decrease (get shorter):

They shift toward the ______________ end of the spectrum

Therefore, the object is moving _______________________

This is known as _____________ SHIFT

bluecloser (toward us)

BLUE

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AWAYTOWARD

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This movement is _____________________

between the two objects (both are in motion). 

relative

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Note: The greater the amount of shift, the FASTER the rate of movement.

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September 21, 2016

Sep 12­7:56 PM

Edwin Hubble

Discovered that objects that arefurther away aremoving away at afaster rate !

HUBBLE'S LAW

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Overall, the Universe is EXPANDING