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Notes 7DNA Fingerprinting
Key Questions
1. How is DNA evidence used to solve crimes?
2. How do scientists create DNA fingerprints?
3. Once created how do you read and compare DNA fingerprints?
DNA - Deoxyribonucleic acid
DNA is the hereditary material found in all cells.Its is a polymer made up of billions of nucleotides. The combination of nucleotides makes different proteins.
The Human Genome
Humans have 46 chromosomes which contain roughly 25,000 genes;1% of the genome.
•
The location of a gene on a chromosome is called a
locus. Alleles are different forms
of the same gene.
Chromosome structure
Coding Regions & Non-coding regions
Portions of the DNA that code
for proteins
Portions of the DNA that doesn’t code for proteins
STR & VNTR length polymorphismsHemoglobin, Skin Pigment
The genome differs from person to person by .1%
DNA fingerprinting compares these non coding regions to determine if crime scene DNA matches suspect DNA.
Steps for creating a fingerprint
1. Isolate/Clean/Amplify the DNA sample(s).
2. Cut up the DNA with restriction enzymes.
3. Put DNA fragments through Electrophesis.
4. Take a picture.
5. Compare.
DNA Basics
DNA fingerprinting for paternity testing
Paternity Evidence
Paternity Evidence
CIS DNA Fingerprinting
CIS DNA Fingerprinting