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NOTES #2Plant Kingdom
2 Main Categories of Plants:1.Nonvascular – no
conducting tissue (no veins)
Vascular – have conducting tissue (have veins)
NONVASCULAR VS. VASCULAR Small Mostly found in
water environment
NO true roots, stems or leaves
Examples: algae, moss & liverworts
Large Land environment True stems, roots
and leaves Examples: club
mosses, ferns, gymnosperms & angiosperms
NONVASCULAR PLANTS1. Algae
Some unicellular, live in colonies, multicellular, classified by color – red, green & brown
2. Mosses & LiverwortsMulticellular, first land plants, must live near moist environment
ALGAE
ALGAE
No protective covering (no cuticle)
Use water for support
Very thin (1-2 cells thick); absorb water by diffusion
No vascular tissue (veins)
Reproduction is dependent on water
Mosses & LiverwortsNo protective covering (no cuticle)
No supporting tissue (small & low to the ground)
No conducting tissue (no veins)
Thin, absorb water directly from environment
Reproduction is water dependent
MOSS
LIVERWORTS
VASCULAR PLANTS
1. Spore PlantsWater dependent
environmentExamples: Club Mosses,
Horsetails and Ferns
2. Seed PlantsWater independent environment
Examples: Gymnosperms & Angiosperms
Club Mosses & Horsetails
Have a cuticle
Primitive vascular tissue – carries limited amounts of food and water
Limited size & thickness
No true stem, roots or leaves
Reproduction is water dependent; spores and gametes
CLUB MOSSES
HORSETAILS
FERNS
Have a cuticle
Larger vascular tissue – larger size
No true stem, roots or leaves
Reproduction is water dependent – spores and gametes
FERN
GYMNOSPERMS
Have cuticle and stomata (for gas exchange)
Improved vascular tissue – greater size & supportive tissue (wood)
Reproduction is water independent – wind carries the pollen
Seeds in an open cone
Leaves are needlelike – most evergreen
True root, stem and leaves
These plants reproduction takes place in a cone (Reproductive structure that produces naked seeds – No fruit
GYMNOSPERMS
ANGIOSPERMS
Have cuticle and stomata
Most advanced vascular system
True stem, roots and leaves
Leaves are broad and deciduous (fall off during the fall)
Reproduction in a seed which is protected by a fruit
Flowers are insect and wind pollinated
ANGIOSPERMS
ANGIOSPERMSReproduction of flowering plants takes place within the flower
SEED – Reproductive structure
made of plant embryo (An egg and a sperm that will grow into a new plant), that is surrounded by its stored food
FRUIT – Protects the seed and aids in seed dispersal
PARTS OF A FLOWER
Style
Stigma
Anther
Filament
Ovary
Sepal*
Petal*
Box = Male part
Circle = Female part
Star = Not male or female
POLLINATION
Most gymnosperms are wind pollinated and most angiosperms are pollinated by wind or insects
Wind pollinated plants rely on favorable weather and sheer numbers to get pollen from one plant to another
Insect pollinated plants have bright colors and sweet nectar to attract insects
SEED DISPERSAL Some seeds are
dispersed by animals
Animals eat the fruit that surrounds the seeds and then the seeds are released by the animal as waste after the fruit is digested
Other seeds are dispersed by wind and water
These seeds are generally lightweight, allowing them to be carried in the air or float on the surface of the water
MONOCOT VS. DICOT
Parallel veins Complex
arrangement of vascular bundles
Fibrous Root EXAMPLE: Grass
Branched veins Vascular
bundles arranged in a ring
Taproot EXAMPLE: Tree
(Larger Plant)
Monocot vs. Dicot
Monocot vs Dicot leaves
Monocot vs. Dicot
Monocot vs. Dicot roots
ANNUAL VS. PERENNIAL Plant that
lives, reproduces and dies in 1 year
EXAMPLE: VEGETABLES
Plant that lives, reproduces and grows year after year
EXAMPLE: TREES
Annuals
Perennials
http://johnbokma.com/mexit/2005/01/16/nice-group-of-plants.jpghttp://www.biology4kids.com/extras/show_plants/03.jpghttp://www.biologie.uni-hamburg.de/b-online/vascular/images/mon_del.jpghttp://www.firstscience.com/home/images/legacygallery/leaf.jpgwww.wacona.com/words/organisms/nonvascularalgae.jpghttp://www.abc.net.au/catalyst/stories/img/Red_Algae_m580917.jpghttp://www.seaweed.ie/Algae/Images/Himelo5.jpghttp://www.holencikroofing.com/A-Algae.jpghttp://www.greenhomesbyjr.com/Algae-Hands.jpghttp://www.bioremediate.com/algae1.jpghttp://coris.noaa.gov/glossary/bluegreen_algae_186.jpghttp://www-biology.ucsd.edu/bioresearch/images/initiatives/algal_biofuels.jpghttp://www.junelab.com/Images/Algae.jpghttp://www.sheffield.ac.uk/content/1/c6/05/24/91/liverworts-close-up-web.jpghttp://taggart.glg.msu.edu/bot335/liverw.gifhttp://www.microscopy-uk.org.uk/mag/imgnov02/mosses.jpghttp://www.justagroove.net/gallery/photos/mosses.jpghttp://www.rhs.org.uk/Advice/profiles0205/images/liverwort.jpghttp://www.arboretumphotographers.com/photographers/craigeiler/RushingWaterOnMoss_CraigEiler.jpghttp://www.marinebio.net/marinescience/04benthon/arcimg/arc5486.jpghttp://scitec.uwichill.edu.bb/bcs/bl14apl/lycon13.GIFhttp://img.alibaba.com/photo/51381743/Horsetail_Extract_Powder.jpghttp://www.dermaxime.com/images/horsetail.jpghttp://www2.selu.edu/Academics/Faculty/smartin/images/moss.jpghttp://www.biologyjunction.com/images/clubmoss01.JPEGhttp://darcywriter.com/images/Ferns1.JPGhttp://www.iusd.k12.ca.us/uhs/apbiology/images/leafbranch.jpghttp://betterlawns.com/images/peachtree.jpg
Photo sites
More Photo siteshttp://www.uky.edu/Ag/kpn/pchtree2.jpghttp://www.gl.rhbnc.ac.uk/palaeo/images/Pollen_large.jpghttp://ipm.msu.edu/ctree/images/SpottedKnapweedFlower.jpghttp://media-2.web.britannica.com/eb-media/19/5619-004-06529655.jpghttp://img6.travelblog.org/Photos/31726/281137/t/2372599-Wheat-fields-blowing-in-the-wind-0.jpghttp://farm2.static.flickr.com/1042/1133151198_2c3a434168_m.jpghttp://farm1.static.flickr.com/94/242514074_45be01f653.jpghttp://www.campkawartha.ca/images/seeds.jpghttp://www.natureguystudio.com/images/redsquirrel-nut-150w.jpghttp://www.tfrc.csiro.au/research/SeedDispersal04.jpghttp://bio1903.nicerweb.com/doc/class/bio1903/Locked/media/ch30/30_09FruitDispersal.jpghttp://www.arc.agric.za/uploads/images/4534_seeds_close_s.gifhttp://www.nku.edu/~whitsonma/Bio120LSite/Bio120LReviews/Bio120WebPics/Plant%20Adaptations/Seeds%20&%20fruits/CattailFluff.jpghttp://www.evidencesofcreation.com/images_plants/064a.jpghttp://www.sbs.utexas.edu/mbierner/bio406d/images/pics/poa/Arundo%20donax%20leaf5.jpghttp://wpcontent.answers.com/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Monocot_vs_dicot_crop_Pengo.jpg/180px-Monocot_vs_dicot_crop_Pengo.jpghttp://homepage.smc.edu/hodson_kent/plant_growth/Angiosperms/tissues/dicot_leaf.jpghttp://botit.botany.wisc.edu/images/130/Root/Adventitious_Roots/Coleus/Adventitious_roots_2_MC.low.jpghttp://www.wildmanstevebrill.com/JPEG'S/Plant%20Web%20Images/Carrot.jpghttp://search.live.com/images/results.aspx?q=bluebonnets&form=QBIR#http://www.gardenerspath.com/plantguide/images/pansies_lg.JPGhttp://www.csa.com/discoveryguides/food/images/squash.jpghttp://evolution.berkeley.edu/evolibrary/images/news/cornplant.jpghttp://www.mountlehmanllamas.com/col-tomato.jpghttp://www.stargazerperennials.com/images/perennial-front-page-pictur.jpghttp://www.onegreenworld.com/images/categories/blueberry.jpghttp://boldt.us/4728-2/wicked-treeshttp://photos.jibble.org/albums/Flowers/giant_daisies.jpghttp://www.cartage.org.lb/en/themes/Sciences/BotanicalSciences/ClassificationPlants/Cryptogamia/Bryophyta/Nonvascular/moss.JPGhttp://www.fs.fed.us/wildflowers/plant-of-the-week/images/bugonastick/buxvir_habitat.jpghttp://www.mobot.org/education/strc/images/model_germination.jpg